According to a report by Xinhua News Agency on September 9, the Ministry of Finance revealed on the 8th that five new energy vehicle manufacturers, including Suzhou Jim West, intended to defraud the state financial subsidy of over 1 billion yuan. The industry said that this was the first time that the government cracked down on new energy vehicle fraud.

As a strategic emerging industry determined by the state, the development of new energy vehicles still needs government support, but how to make comprehensive use of various incentive policies has become the focus of social attention in recent years. In particular, the problem of fraudulent subsidies has become more and more serious in recent years. According to public media reports, Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China issued instructions on the supervision report on the promotion and application of new energy vehicles in July this year, demanding that fraudulent subsidies be severely punished and relevant systems be improved.

Falsely reporting information about more than a thousand vehicles with the intention of defrauding more than 200 million yuan.

The Beijing Morning Post reported that since 2009, the central government has subsidized the promotion and application of new energy vehicles. By the end of 2015, the central government had arranged a total of 33.435 billion yuan in subsidy funds. Fiscal and tax support policies have promoted the development of new energy vehicles, but they have also brought new problems.

"With the continuous expansion of industrial scale and the rapid increase in the number of promotion, individual enterprises are driven by interests, defrauding and illegally obtaining financial subsidies in violation of relevant laws and regulations, seriously disrupting the market order and infringing on the legitimate rights and interests of law-abiding enterprises in R&D and production of new energy vehicles," said the relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Finance.

In order to rectify the market order, in early 2016, the Ministry of Finance launched a special inspection for 90 new energy vehicle manufacturers. The inspection found that some enterprises were suspected of defrauding financial subsidies in violation of relevant laws and regulations, some vehicles were subsidized in declare in advance before being sold to consumers, and many vehicles were idle after receiving subsidies. The Ministry of Finance also publicly exposed five typical cases.

According to the news released by the Information Office of the Ministry of Finance on September 8, in order to rectify the industry order, strictly enforce financial and economic laws and regulations, and respond to social concerns, the General Office of the State Council organized inspections. In early 2016, the Ministry of Finance organized forces to conduct special inspections on 90 major new energy vehicle manufacturers, involving a total of 401,000 new energy vehicles that have received and applied for subsidies from the central government in 2013-2015, and randomly selected the operating status of 133,000 new energy vehicles that have been sold.

The inspection found that some enterprises were suspected of defrauding financial subsidies in violation of relevant laws and regulations, some vehicles were subsidized in declare in advance before being sold to consumers, and many vehicles were idle after receiving subsidies.

(1)Suzhou Jim West Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd.By fabricating original vouchers and records such as false material procurement, vehicle production and sales, uploading false certificates, and illegally handling motor vehicle driving licenses, the production and sales business of new energy vehicles was fabricated, and 1,131 new energy vehicles were falsely declared to be sold in 2015, involving 261.56 million yuan of central financial subsidies.

Suzhou Jim West Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd. became the first company that was exposed in the investigation, and it was also a serious one. The Paper once reported that Suzhou Jim West Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd. insisted that it did not cheat even after it was publicly exposed by CCTV in March this year.

According to the data of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, in the first half of 2015, the company only reported the certificates of 25 vehicles, but in December, it reported nearly 3,000 vehicles in just one month. The obviously abnormal data made the investigation team composed of four ministries focus on it first. After entering the field investigation in Jim West, it was found that the company could not tell the clear whereabouts of the cars it produced, and confirmed the fact that there were false transactions to defraud the state subsidies. Based on the more than 2,900 certificates submitted in December last year, according to the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles implemented by the state in 2013-2015, the pure electric buses produced by Jim West can get a state subsidy of 300,000 yuan/vehicle, plus a local subsidy of 1:1. Jim West can easily get a subsidy of 100 million yuan a month by forging trading contracts and sales data.

(2)Jinlong United Automobile Industry (Suzhou) Co., Ltd.Among the new energy vehicles that applied for the central financial subsidy funds in 2015, 1,683 vehicles had not been completed by the end of 2015, but in 2015, they applied for motor vehicle driving licenses in advance and applied for the central financial subsidy funds of 519.21 million yuan.

Although Suzhou Jim West Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd. is the most serious case of malicious fraud, Suzhou Jinlong has the largest amount of fraud. It is worth noting that as early as March 30 this year, Suzhou Jinlong issued an obituary saying that its general manager Wu Wenwen died of illness on the afternoon of March 29. At that time, Suzhou Jinlong insiders revealed that Wu Wenwen was killed by jumping off a building because "the pressure is too great to rule out the possibility of suffering from depression". Wu Wenwen, a native of Sanming, Fujian, was born in 1970 and died at the age of 46. He has been the general manager of Suzhou Jinlong since January 1999, when he was only 27 years old. After serving as the general manager for more than 17 years, he committed suicide on the job. At that time, insiders said that it was not ruled out that the pressure was too high due to the fraudulent incident and he jumped to his death. It is also widely said that Wu Wenwen suffers from depression, which involves national subsidies for new energy vehicles.

(3)Shenzhen Wuzhou long automobile co., ltdAmong the new energy vehicles that applied for the central financial subsidy funds in 2015, 154 vehicles had not been completed by the end of 2015, but in 2015, they applied for motor vehicle driving licenses in advance and applied for the central financial subsidy funds of 55.74 million yuan.

(4)Chery Wanda Guizhou Bus Company LimitedAmong the new energy vehicles that applied for the central financial subsidy funds in 2015, 327 vehicles had not been completed by the end of 2015, but in 2015, they applied for motor vehicle driving licenses in advance and applied for the central financial subsidy funds of 98.1 million yuan.

(5)Henan Shaolin bus co., ltdAmong the new energy vehicles that applied for the central financial subsidy in 2015, 252 vehicles had not been completed by the end of 2015, but in 2015, they applied for motor vehicle driving licenses in advance and applied for the central financial subsidy of 75.6 million yuan.

According to the Oriental Morning Post, in addition to the above-mentioned five car companies, many car companies were exposed by CCTV for allegedly "cheating", namely Shaanxi Tongjia Automobile Co., Ltd., chongqing lifan Passenger Car Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Land Ark New Energy Electric Vehicle Co., Ltd., Guohong Automobile Co., Ltd., Jiangsu Aoxin New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd., Wuhu Baoqi Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd., chongqing lifan Automobile Co., Ltd. and Jinhua Youth Automobile Manufacturing Co., Ltd. According to the statistics of the certificate provided by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the monthly output of these car companies in December 2015 has exceeded 50% of the annual output, and the annual output is more than 1,000 vehicles.

According to the Ministry of Finance, the reason why many enterprises are eager to apply for subsidies in violation of regulations before leaving the factory is that the amount of financial subsidies is high in 2015, and the subsidy standard will be lowered from 2016. Therefore, these car companies are questioned to catch up with the last opportunity of the subsidy policy for new energy vehicles in 2013-2015 and try their best to make a fortune.

Cracking down on fraudulent compensation will never be soft. The problem model will withdraw from the national catalogue.

Regarding the fraudulent behavior of new energy vehicles, many relevant departments, including the Ministry of Finance and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, have repeatedly said that they will never be soft.

In response to the five typical cases mentioned above, the Information Office of the Ministry of Finance announced the handling opinions on the 8 th:

Suzhou Jim West Bus Manufacturing Co., Ltd., with the most serious case of malicious fraud, was disqualified from the central financial subsidy. All vehicles produced in 2015 were not subsidized by the central government, and all the central financial subsidy funds pre-allocated in 2015 were recovered. At the same time, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology cancelled its vehicle production qualification.

Four enterprises, including Jinlong United Automobile Industry (Suzhou) Co., Ltd., Shenzhen Wuzhoulong Automobile Co., Ltd., Henan Shaolin Bus Co., Ltd. and Chery Wanda Guizhou Bus Co., Ltd., recovered the funds pre-allocated by the central financial subsidy for 2,416 illegally licensed vehicles in 2015, and imposed a fine of 50% of the problem amount in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Regulations on Punishment of Financial Violations. At the same time, since 2016, the above four enterprises have been disqualified from central financial subsidies. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology has removed its problematic vehicles from the Catalogue of Recommended Vehicles for Demonstration and Application of Energy-saving and New Energy Vehicles.

In addition, other new energy vehicles produced and sold by the above four enterprises in 2015 will be re-declared after strict examination by the local regulatory authorities one by one, and vehicles without problems can continue to be subsidized by the central government according to the original policy. When the above four enterprises resume the implementation of the central financial subsidy policy depends on the rectification of local governments and enterprises. At that time, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Science and Technology, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, and the Development and Reform Commission will jointly check and accept, and the financial subsidy policy can be resumed only after the acceptance is reported to the State Council for approval, but the qualification for pre-allocating financial subsidy funds will not be restored.

The person in charge of the Ministry of Finance said that it will inform the local governments of the provinces and cities where the problem enterprises are located together with relevant departments, and ask the local governments to further verify and investigate the responsibilities of relevant regulatory departments and staff. Those suspected of violating the law and discipline will be handed over to the local administrative supervision departments, public security departments and procuratorial organs for handling. The behavior of related enterprises to defraud local financial subsidies shall be handled by the local authorities with reference to the above principles.

Improve the entry threshold in time and take multiple measures to support the healthy development of the industry

Under the guidance of continuous policies, China’s new energy vehicle industry has developed rapidly. In 2011, the number of new energy vehicles in China was less than 1,000, and in 2015, it exceeded 400,000. China has become the world’s largest producer and consumer of new energy vehicles.

However, as pointed out by some people in the industry, financial subsidies are only one aspect of supporting industrial policies, and they must be guided by many aspects, including taxation and government procurement. The time for financial subsidies should not be too long, because relying solely on subsidies will make many enterprises ignore the long-term planning for developing investment and technological progress.

According to People’s Daily, as early as the beginning of this year,Lou Jiwei, Minister of Finance, once said that the original intention of the consumption subsidy policy is to cultivate the primary market. Practice has proved that this policy is effective. However, long-term implementation of consumer subsidies makes enterprises prone to "dependence" on government policies, lacking the motivation and pressure for technology research and development and product upgrading; The industry is prone to low-level blind expansion and new overcapacity. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust the subsidy policy and establish the selection mechanism and elimination mechanism.

New energy bus manufacturers are the hardest hit areas for "cheating"

According to the Oriental Morning Post, due to the high subsidy, new energy bus manufacturers are the hardest hit areas.

At present, plug-in hybrid buses receive a unified subsidy of 250,000 yuan/vehicle, 6-8 meters pure electric buses receive a subsidy of 300,000 yuan/vehicle, 8-10 meters pure electric buses receive a subsidy of 400,000 yuan/vehicle, and the subsidy of more than 10 meters is 500,000 yuan/vehicle. Together with the local government’s 1:1 supporting subsidy, the maximum subsidy that a new energy bus can receive reaches 1 million yuan.

In contrast, there are few subsidies for passenger cars. At present, the policy is to subsidize 25,000 yuan for pure electric vehicles with a cruising range of 100-150 kilometers, 45,000 yuan for pure electric vehicles with a cruising range of 150-250 kilometers, and 55,000 yuan for pure electric vehicles with a cruising range of more than 250 kilometers. If local subsidies are superimposed, a pure electric passenger car can get a maximum subsidy of 110,000 yuan.

Cui Dongshu, secretary-general of the National Passenger Car Market Information Association, once said, "In the new energy vehicles, 80% of the subsidies are replenished to passenger cars, and the remaining 10% are subsidized to special vehicles. Passenger cars don’t take much money, only a few billion yuan, and passenger cars get at least 80 billion yuan."

In the face of these fraudulent compensation phenomena, Miao Wei, Minister of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, has publicly stated before: "In some areas, there is indeed a phenomenon of fraudulent compensation by a small number of enterprises, and we are still conducting verification nationwide. But no matter how many cars there are, they are found to be absolutely disposed of together, and these enterprises can’t run. "

Overcapacity is a hidden worry.

At present, the production boom of new energy vehicles continues. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, in April this year, 47,000 new energy vehicles were produced, a year-on-year increase of 135%. From January to April, it produced 154,000 vehicles, with a year-on-year increase of 92.5%.

According to the report of Yangguang. com, according to incomplete statistics, there were nearly ten news about the construction and expansion of new energy automobile industrial parks in various places in May. Coupled with the information on the construction of the new energy automobile industrial park that has been released one after another, since 2015, as many as 30 new energy automobile projects have been intentionally built or under construction all over the country, with a total investment of more than 100 billion yuan. Most of these new energy vehicle construction projects exist in the form of "new energy vehicle industrial park" and are blooming everywhere. The state subsidy for new energy vehicles will be reduced year by year and will be completely cancelled in 2021.

Industry insiders worry that behind the continuous expansion of new energy vehicle production capacity, it has not been supported by technological breakthroughs and capital chains. Over time, overcapacity is inevitable.

(Observer Network integrates Beijing Morning Post, Xinhuanet, People’s Daily, Ministry of Finance website, Oriental Morning Post, The Paper, Yangguang. com, etc.)

When middle-aged people choose a car, they will care about whether a model is mature enough, its appearance should be atmospheric enough, its interior should be exquisite enough, and it should be comfortable enough to drive, whether it is for business or home. Today, Xiaobian picked a car in a medium-sized car and introduced it to everyone. It is. Next, let’s see if its highlights can attract you with Xiaobian.

First look at the appearance of the extreme fox Alpha S5. The whole front face of the extreme fox Alpha S5 is very sharp and looks very sporty. Headlights are very fashionable and atmospheric, which is the finishing touch on the front face. The car is equipped with LED daytime running lights, automatic opening and closing, adaptive far and near light, delayed closing and so on. Coming to the side of the car body, the size of the car body is 4820 mm * 1930 mm * 1480 mm. The car adopts young lines, giving people a very simple feeling. With large-sized thick-walled tires, the overall visual effect is very hard-core. In the rear part, the tail line of the Extreme Fox Alpha S5 is streamlined, and the taillights look very calm, which is relatively clean and refreshing on the whole.

Coming into the car, the overall visual effect of the interior of Extreme Fox Alpha S5 is very distinctive and the visual effect is good. The steering wheel of the car is very dynamic and lively, made of imitation leather, and has a sense of design. Take a look at the central control. The car is equipped with a cold touch-sensitive LCD central control screen, which makes the interior design quite layered and meets the aesthetic standards of most consumers. The dashboard and seats give people a good feeling. Let’s take a look. The dashboard of this car presents a simple design style, and the sports atmosphere is relatively in place. The car adopts imitation leather seats, which are wide and thick, and the overall comfort and wrapping are not bad.

The Extreme Fox Alpha S5 is equipped with a motor with a total power of 390KW and a total torque of 690N.m It has good acceleration, excellent cruising range and good power performance.

The car is equipped with car networking, driving mode selection, remote control key, Bluetooth key, interior atmosphere light, traction control (ASR/TCS, etc.) and other configurations, which are rich in functions and greatly enhance its convenience.

OK！ Next, let’s sum up. This class of cars is usually the first choice for most people. First of all, the price is not expensive, and secondly, all the configurations are quite complete, which is still very worth starting with.

　　[Pacific Auto] On September 9, it was learned from the official that the five-seat version of Bingo will be listed soon. The new car adopts a five-seat layout, with three configuration versions of 330km, 401km and 510km to choose from, and two new car colors of milk coffee white and glass red have been added. It is worth mentioning that (|) was originally named Wuling Binguo PLUS, and the price range of current models is 8.98-9.88 million.

　　In terms of appearance, the five-seat version of Wuling Binguo SUV continues the design of the current model as a whole. The overall shape is simple and fashionable. The front face adopts a closed front grille, and the left and right sides are equipped with air guides, which makes the sense of movement more intense. The integrated headlight group is integrated with horizontal LED daytime running lights, which is more fashionable and dynamic.

　　The side of the new car adopts a two-color body design, and the blackened roof creates a suspended visual effect. At the same time, the new car offers four pure energy car colors: milk coffee white, glass red, storm grey and aurora green to meet the individual needs of young people. The shape of the rear end is simple and round, adopting the traditional long and narrow taillight group design, echoing the headlights, and the spoiler at the top enhances the sense of movement of the new car and reduces it.

　　In terms of body size, the length, width and height of Wuling Binguo SUV are 4090/1720/1575mm and 2610mm, respectively. The distance between two rows of seats is 882mm, and the utilization rate of lateral space reaches 78.4%. It also provides as many as 23 humanized storage spaces, which can form 1450L super trunk space.

　　In terms of interior, the five-group version of Wuling Binguo SUV also continues the design of the current model, adopting a double-color interior design, providing two interior colors of empty green and warm sand white to choose from, and matching with chrome trim strips in many places in the car, it is more exquisite and fashionable.

　　In terms of layout, the new car is equipped with a 10.1-inch floating central control large screen and an 8.8-inch full LCD instrument panel, equipped with Ling OS Linxi intelligent system, intelligent multimedia system voice recognition control, car networking, 4G network, mobile APP remote control function and OTA upgrade. In addition, the new car is also equipped with a double-spoke and double-shift mechanism to further enhance the scientific and technological atmosphere inside the car.

　　In terms of power, Wuling Binguo PLUS is equipped with a super three-in-one water-cooled flat wire motor, with a peak value of 180 Nm, and the official acceleration time of 0-50km/h is 3.7 seconds. In terms of cruising range, three cruising ranges of 330km, 401km and 510km are available, and the power consumption per 100 km is only 10.1 kW h. In addition, the five-seat version of Wuling Binguo SUV is equipped with three charging modes at will, which can meet the high-efficiency charging of the whole scene. It only takes 30-35 minutes for the DC fast charging SOC to change from 30% to 80%, and it can also match the domestic 220V/10A socket power supply. (Text: Pacific Auto Wu Qi)

　　　　　　 CCTV News:"Piggy Peggy" is a cartoon image popular with children, and related derivatives are also emerging in the market. Recently, according to reports from the masses, the police in Nantong, Jiangsu Province smashed three dens that used the image of "Piggy Peggy" to make fake and inferior children’s bedding and sold it on a well-known e-commerce platform.

　　　　　　 Wang Zhiheng, a policeman from the Happiness Police Station of Gangzha Branch of Nantong Public Security Bureau, said: "After receiving the report, we spent about a month continuously analyzing big data and got three stores in Pinduoduo, with a total sales volume of more than 20,000 orders and a sales amount of more than 600,000 yuan, covering more than 20 provinces across the country."

　　　　　　 The police investigated and dealt with the three shops in three ways at the same time. When they arrived at one of the sites, customers came to consult and buy from the computer of the shop owner Wang. The shops were littered with home textile products with simple packaging, and some of them had been packaged but not delivered. Less than five minutes’ walk from the online sales point, the fake factory opened by Wang’s hometown was also controlled by the police. There is a complete production line in the factory, and the products such as quilts and quilt covers with the pattern of "Piggy Peggy" are placed in disorder.

　　　　　　 Mr. Chen, the representative of "Piggy Peggy" obligee, said: "It’s simple and unimaginable. There are some products, semi-finished products and defective products of Piggy Peggy. I have seen the products. To be honest, the quality is not very good, and it is very poor. I am afraid that these fake and shoddy goods will do harm to children’s skin."

　　　　　　 The police seized more than 800 counterfeit "Piggy Peggy" products on the spot and processed semi-finished products, and found that the online shop had sold more than 5,000 counterfeit products through the records of the suspect’s computer. According to Wang and others, these products were only sold on the e-commerce platform. At present, Wang and the person in charge of the factory have been taken compulsory measures by the police for allegedly making and selling fake goods.

　　　　　　 Li Xiang, deputy director of the Happiness Police Station of Gangzha Branch of Nantong Public Security Bureau, said: "In this operation, we destroyed three production dens, detained three sets of assembly lines and more than 20,000 counterfeit goods, and successfully arrested six suspects."

　　　　　　 Liu Xianggen, the criminal suspect: "I feel quite a lot when I see Peggy’s things on the Internet. It should be sold well. Some people say that our products are not well-made, and there is a refund. No one says that this is a fake, and we don’t know. In the future, I will also understand the law and know more about the law of infringement. I will definitely correct myself in the future. "

　　　　　　 According to experts, because businesses save costs, counterfeit bedding often uses inferior dyes, and the dyeing fastness of products is insufficient, and the formaldehyde content in printing and dyeing is too high. Sweat will react with textile dyes in bed when children sleep, and long-term absorption by human skin will lead to children’s leukemia, body poisoning and even cancer. You must buy it through formal official channels, and don’t be greedy for cheap.

[Text/Observer Network Wang Shichun]

According to a report by the Tass news agency on December 24th, on December 24th, the first Russian Su -57 fighter made by Gagarin Factory in Gongqingcheng, amur river crashed during a flight test in Khabarovsk Krai, and the pilot on board parachuted to escape, and was later rescued by a Mi -8 search and rescue helicopter.

According to sources, this Su -57 fighter is the first "mass production" Su -57 fighter, which was originally scheduled to be delivered to the troops on the 27th. This is the first time that the Russian Su -57 fighter plane crashed since its first flight in 2010.

In November, the first Russian aircraft being assembled at the Gongqingcheng factory.short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname-57 "mass production" fighter, this may be the photo of this plane. Source: Red Star TV.

A spokesman for the Russian authorities said that the accident occurred 120 kilometers away from the Zemji Air Force Base. This Su -57 is not owned by the military, but belongs to amur river Gongqingcheng Gagarin Factory. Russia’s United Aviation Manufacturing Group reported that the accident did not cause casualties and damage on the ground. At present, the plane’s black box is still being searched.

Informed sources revealed to the satellite news agency that the Su -57, the fifth-generation fighter plane that crashed in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia on the 24th, was the first mass-produced aircraft originally scheduled to be delivered to the Russian army on December 27th. The source said: "This is the first mass-produced Su -57, which was originally planned to be delivered on the 27th of this month.

At present, the prototypes of all six Su -57 fighters are deployed at the National Flight Test Center in astrakhan, andGongqingcheng Aircraft Factory was previously assembling and producing the first batch of "mass production" Su -57 fighters.According to the plan of the Russian Air Force, the Russian Air Force will receive the first batch of Su -57 fighters at the end of this year.

On December 20th, according to the Tass news agency, the Chief of Staff of the Russian Federation Armed Forces announced on the 20th that the Russian Ministry of Defence had completed the second phase test of the fifth-generation multi-role fighter "Su -57" in Syria, during which all actual combat test tasks have been completed. At present, the Su -57 fighter has been mass-produced, and the first mass-production battle opportunity will be installed in the Russian army before the end of the year.

Military commentators of Observer Network believe that the crashed Su -57 fighter may be the first mass-produced Su -57 fighter of the Russian army. In the program of Red Star TV in November, Russia exposed the Su -57 fighters that Gongqingcheng Factory is entering the "mass production stage". From the video released by Red Star TV, only one Su -57 fighter is in a relatively high completion state, and other Su-57s are in the process of assembly, so it is difficult to reach the test flight state within one month. Considering that there are only a few days before the end of the year, the Su -57 that crashed in Russia this time is probably the plane that was mirrored on the Red Star Platform a few months ago.

Photo: November 8diurnal"mass production type"short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname–fivesevenopportunity for combat

Su -57′ s experience in recent years can be described as "twists and turns". The Russian army signed the Su -57 supply contract during the "Army -2018" forum, but the number is only two. These two aircraft will join the Russian army at the end of 2019.

However, with Putin’s visit to Su -57, things changed. On May 14th this year, six Su-57s escorted Putin’s special plane to astrakhan National Flight Test Center. Putin then visited Su-57s, Dagger air-launched hypersonic weapons, S-70 Okhotnik-B Hunter -B UAV and other weapons and equipment. The next day, Putin announced that he would purchase a total of 76 Su -57 fighters and advance the time for installing these fighters to 2028.

On June 29 this year, the Russian Ministry of National Defense signed a contract with United Aviation Manufacturing Group of Russia at the "Army -2019" International Military Technology Forum and purchased 76 Su -57 fighters. However, the only fighters expected to be delivered to the Russian Air Force this year are two Su-57s signed in "Army -2018".

Six Su-57sFighters escorted Putin’s special plane to the State of astrakhan.Home flight test center Source: Russian Air Force

As a fighter available for foreign trade, countries such as India and Turkey have considered purchasing Su -57 fighters this year. According to Sputnik’s report on July 19th, Birender Singh Dhanoa, chief of staff of the Indian Air Force, said in an interview with Red Star that after the fifth-generation fighter Su -57 was equipped with Russian troops and showed its value, India was willing to reconsider the joint research and development and procurement between India and Russia.

On August 28th, at the Moscow Air Show, Turkish President Erdogan visited the Su -57 fighter plane accompanied by Putin. When asked if he would buy Su -57 to deal with the United States stopping the delivery of F-35s, Erdogan said: "Why not? We don’t buy why we came to the air show. "

EldoAn visits the Su -57 fighter. Source: RT

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Recently, Mercedes-Benz AMG ONE was officially unveiled. The new car uses a lot of F1-derived technologies, and its super-running style is extremely tense and its dynamic performance is strong. It is equipped with a 1.6T V6 engine and four front and rear motors, with an acceleration of 2.9 seconds.

The front face of the new car adopts a three-stage grille, the headlights are long and narrow, and the engine compartment has a large number of carbon fiber cover plates. The front fender on the side of the car body has an openable spoiler, and the wheel hub size is 20 inches in the back and 19 inches in the front. The tail with a large tail can be opened together with the front fender spoiler in track mode. The engine is located in the rear, with a carbon fiber cover plate above it, and the design of fin shape extends from the tail to the roof.

In terms of power, it is equipped with a 1.6T V6 engine and four front and rear motors, and two motors on the front axle provide power for the front wheels. Two motors at the back, one located in the turbocharger, can reduce the turbine lag, and at the same time, the generated exhaust gas can charge the battery; The other motor of the rear axle is connected with the engine, which can provide the maximum power of 120 kW and can also charge the battery when braking. The maximum comprehensive output horsepower of this power system reaches 1063 horsepower, with an acceleration of 2.9 seconds at zero hundred kilometers and 7 seconds at zero to two hundred kilometers, and the limit speed can reach 352 kilometers per hour. The new car is equipped with an 8.4kWh battery as energy storage.

What do you think of this car?

Suzuki Shinichi’s stills in "The Cheating Game: The Last Stage"

Actor Kazuma Suzuki

　　Kazuma Suzuki, a 41-year-old personality actor who has excellent acting skills in the just-released hit film "Cheating Game: The Last Stage", announced the marriage news to the outside world by fax on March 21st. It is understood that Suzuki’s wife is 17 years younger than him and is an ordinary office worker. Suzuki sighed in the fax: "My long-term single life has finally come to an end!"

　　According to an insider, Suzuki’s wife is only 24 years old and 173CM tall, which is quite an antique beauty. The two met at a fashion party in 2005, when Suzuki was present as a catwalk model and his wife was a college student. The two confirmed that their relationship was at the end of 2005, and in the following year (2006), Suzuki took the woman home to meet her parents. It is understood that Suzuki’s parents were quite satisfied when they met their future daughter-in-law. In January, 2010, the parents of both sides formally engaged in a hotel in Tokyo, and the wedding ceremony and wedding banquet are expected to be held in the summer of 2010.

　　Kazuma Suzuki was born in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1968 and made her debut as a model in 1987. In 1995, he entered the film industry and made many film and television works and stage plays. In recent years, his film works include Silent Winter, Big Money Rock Two-faced Man, Tattoo: Like a Fragrant Moon, and fraud game: The Last Stage just released.

[Movie Network]www.1905.com　Exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source.

Conference site

　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenliang) On January 15th, the State Council Office held a press conference. Chen Yulu, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, introduced that in 2020, the People’s Bank of China will comprehensively track the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development situation, and flexibly grasp the strength, rhythm and focus of monetary policy regulation and control, thus creating a stable and suitable monetary and financial environment for the epidemic prevention and control, "six stabilities" and "six guarantees".

　　Chen Yulu said that on January 12th, the People’s Bank of China released the Report on Financial Statistics in 2020. The data shows that in 2020, China’s major financial indicators are running in line with expectations, and the financial system is running smoothly.

　　First, the growth of money and credit basically achieved the annual target. At the end of 2020, the broad money supply (M2) increased by 10.1% year-on-year, 1.4 percentage points higher than the end of last year; RMB loans increased by 19.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.8 trillion yuan over the previous year; The stock of social financing scale increased by 13.3% year-on-year, 2.6 percentage points higher than the end of last year. From the perspective of the whole year, the People’s Bank of China has provided 1.75 trillion yuan of long-term liquidity for the real economy by reducing the deposit reserve ratio three times. The People’s Bank of China has launched more than 9 trillion yuan of monetary policy support measures, ensuring the policy goal of "moderate monetary aggregate and reasonable liquidity".

　　Second, the credit structure was optimized, loans from manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises continued to exert their strength, and financial support for key areas of the real economy increased. In 2020, the balance of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry increased by 35.2%, 20.3 percentage points higher than the previous year, and the growth rate has been rising for 14 consecutive months. Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans increased by 30.3%, 7.2 percentage points higher than the previous year. At the same time, the effect of real estate control policies has been gradually released, and the growth rate of real estate loan balance has dropped for 29 consecutive months.

　　Third, we continued to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, and the financing cost of the real economy dropped significantly. In 2020, the interest rate marketization reform continued to advance, the conversion of the pricing benchmark of existing floating interest rate loans was successfully completed as scheduled, the dividend of interest rate reform continued to be released, the transmission efficiency of monetary policy was enhanced, and the interest rate of corporate loans was significantly reduced. At the end of 2020, the weighted average interest rate of corporate loans nationwide was 4.61%, down by 0.51 percentage point from the end of last year, the lowest level since statistics were available in 2015. At the same time, the financial system did everything possible to reduce the financing costs of enterprises and successfully achieved the goal of making profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy.

　　Fourth, the financial support for the "three major battles" has achieved remarkable results. In 2020, the battle to prevent and resolve financial risks has achieved important milestones. P2P platforms have all been cleared, various high-risk financial institutions have been disposed of in an orderly manner, the scale of shadow banking has been reduced, the risks of asset management products have obviously converged, and the nesting of inter-bank associations has been continuously reduced. At the same time, the People’s Bank of China resolutely supports winning the battle against poverty. In the past five years, the poverty-stricken population and industrial precision poverty alleviation loans have accumulated more than 6.5 trillion yuan, benefiting more than 90 million poor people and helping all poverty-stricken counties to remove their hats. In recent years, the People’s Bank of China has supported green development and ecological civilization construction through green finance, which has been widely praised by the international community. At present, the balance of green credit in China ranks first in the world, and the stock scale of green bonds ranks second in the world.

　　In 2020, in order to help China’s real economy, especially small and micro enterprises, reduce the serious impact and impact of the epidemic, the People’s Bank of China will also guide the financial system to make profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy through measures such as lowering interest rates, reducing fees, and delaying the repayment of principal and interest.

　　At the same time, four policies and measures have been introduced to support the financing and stable development of small and micro enterprises: First, two monetary policy tools that go directly to the real economy have been innovated, and the central bank’s funds have been used to encourage banks to extend loans to small and micro enterprises, so as to substantially increase the supply of credit loans. The second is to increase inclusive policy support for small and micro enterprises in key areas. The third is to improve the financial service capabilities of commercial banks’ own small and micro enterprises. The fourth is to give play to the policy synergy of "several promotion" and improve monetary, regulatory, fiscal and taxation and external policy incentives. Last year, the financing of small and micro enterprises achieved remarkable results of "volume increase, price decrease and area expansion". By the end of the year, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprises was 15.1 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 30%. In 2020, 32.28 million business entities were supported, an increase of 5.24 million over the previous year.

　　Chen Yulu said that in 2021, a prudent monetary policy will be more flexible, accurate, reasonable and moderate, and will continue to maintain the necessary support for economic recovery.

　　Recently, some media reported that online celebrity weight loss coffee cost 8 yuan, but it sold for 298 yuan. What is even more exasperating, however, is that coffee is actually a diet drug that was withdrawn from the market 10 years ago — — Sibutramine!

　　It’s almost the season of revealing meat, and it’s not too late to lose weight. Have you ever been tempted by those advertising slogans that advertise that you can lose weight quickly, burn fat instantly and lose 30 pounds a month? Pharmacists are here to remind you that those slimming foods such as slimming tea, weight loss coffee, and fat-burning capsules sold illegally are likely to contain drugs added illegally, which pose a health threat to the body. Don’t blind your eyes to all kinds of fancy weight-loss products, otherwise it is very likely that the more you lose weight, the worse your body will be.

　　What kind of "ghost" is sibutramine

　　Searching for "sibutramine" in Baidu, I found that sibutramine was added to many so-called diet foods. For example, "fat-burning slimming capsules", fruit and vegetable drinks (solid drinks) and fruit and vegetable slices with slimming effect.

　　Sibutramine is a central weight-loss drug, which can act on the central system, by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, 5- hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in the body, so as to suppress appetite and reduce food intake to achieve the purpose of weight loss.

　　In 1997, it was approved for obesity in the United States, and it became a weight loss star for a while, so it was listed in China in 2000. After listing, China’s ADR center also monitored some adverse reactions, mainly headache, dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness and so on. In fact, it may not only affect the digestive system, nervous system, central and peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, etc., leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders, mental stress, sleep disorders and so on. But the most serious is the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest and so on, especially for patients with heart diseases such as coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, or already suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents is higher.

　　In view of the fact that sibutramine may increase cardiovascular adverse events after marketing, in 2002, the European Union launched a large-scale clinical study on the influence of sibutramine on cardiovascular safety after marketing, which was called "Sibutramine Cardiovascular Terminal Test", including the participation of many countries and regions such as the European Union and Australia. The research results published in 2010 show that the use of this drug can increase the serious cardiovascular risk. Thus, since 2010, the United States, the European Union and China have successively withdrawn sibutramine from the market.

　　Those "ingredients" lurking in diet foods

　　At present, some illegal sales of slimming tea and weight loss coffee claim that the products are very safe while promoting slimming, which makes many consumers put down their defenses. But in fact, these weight-loss products are likely to have serious health risks. Because products that are generally claimed to have the effect of fast weight loss, in order to make consumers lose weight, it is very likely that some drugs will be added illegally, mainly in these categories:

　　The most common way is to add appetite suppressants such as sibutramine, fenfluramine and its derivatives. These drugs mainly act on the central system of the brain to "pretend" to be full, reduce appetite and lose weight, but long-term use may affect the function of the heart and lungs, and cause symptoms such as palpitation and dyspnea, and increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest.

　　Add some laxatives such as phenolphthalein tablets (guide tablets), bisacodyl, etc. Take bisacodyl as an example, it is an irritating laxative, but long-term use may lead to chronic diarrhea, hypokalemia, secondary aldosteronism, and even metabolic alkalosis, myasthenia, renal tubular injury and so on.

　　Add some drugs to increase energy consumption, such as levothyroxine sodium, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, theophylline, and diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide. These drugs seem to "lose weight" by increasing energy metabolism and discharging more water, but in fact they may only lose some water.

　　More importantly, taking these drugs without knowing it may bring harm to the body. For example, taking levothyroxine sodium for a long time may lead to drug-induced hyperthyroidism, and symptoms such as palpitation, emaciation and exophthalmos may occur. Excessive use of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and theophylline may cause arrhythmia, anxiety and myocardial infarction, and excessive use of diuretics may cause electrolyte disorders such as low potassium and sodium.

　　Other added drugs and some other drugs have also been detected in weight loss products, including fluoxetine and sildenafil. Many illegal weight-loss products contain not only one illegally added drug, but also two or more.

　　Pharmacists give you a prescription for healthy weight loss.

　　So is there a "safe" diet pill that allows us to reduce the meat easily? The answer is: not really. There is no product that claims to be safe to lose weight. No weight loss product is effective and has no side effects. Only a healthy diet plus adequate and moderate exercise is the safest and most effective way to lose weight. Here are three tips for losing weight safely.

　　Before you lose weight, calculate your BMI index. The specific algorithm is to divide your weight (kg) by the square of your height (m). If it is less than 24kg/m2, you don’t need to lose weight. If you are not satisfied with your body shape, you can shape it through fitness. If it is between 24 and 24-28 kg/m2, it is overweight; Above 28 kg/m2, you are obese, and you need to reduce it if you are overweight or obese.

　　It is suggested that only by adhering to a scientific lifestyle for a long time can we maintain our weight and reduce the rebound. Friends who need to lose weight and want to lose weight can go to the nutrition department of the hospital, ask a professional dietitian to give an individualized recipe, and then choose the exercise that they like relatively and suit them, and insist on exercising for a certain time every day.

　　If you need help with drugs, you can choose orlistat. At present, in China, the only drug with obesity treatment indications and approved by National Medical Products Administration is orlistat. However, orlistat itself has some adverse reactions, such as oily stool, increased stool frequency, abdominal pain and flatulence, which may also lead to liver injury, so please use it under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist.

　　In addition, if you have diabetes at the same time, you can also choose hypoglycemic drugs, such as liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, etc. For example, liraglutide has also been approved in the United States to assist patients with BMI above 27kg/m2 to lose weight. In addition, some drugs such as Dapagliflozin and Kaglinide can reduce blood sugar and weight at the same time.

　　Although everyone loves beauty, the road to losing weight is long and difficult, and there is really no shortcut. Scientific weight loss is the king.

　　Text/Song Zhihui (Beijing Tongren Hospital)

Environmental protection status

　　　　First, the development of environmental protection in China

　　　　Since the 1970s, China’s environmental protection has made new progress, and experienced a process from scratch, from small to large, from constant exploration to gradual development, which can be roughly divided into three stages.

　　　　The first stage (1973-1993): point source control and system construction.

　　　　At this stage, by continuously strengthening the system construction and carrying out pollution control in key areas, China’s environmental protection has gradually embarked on the legal track.

　　　　In August 1973, the first national environmental protection conference was held in Beijing. In December, 1978, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the Essentials of Environmental Protection Report adopted at the fourth meeting of the State Council Environmental Protection Leading Group. In September, 1979, "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law (Trial)" was promulgated, which legally required all departments and governments at all levels to consider environmental protection as a whole when formulating national economic and social development plans for the first time, providing legal guarantee for the coordinated development of environment and economy and society. People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law (May, 1984), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Air Pollution Prevention Law (September, 1987), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Grassland Law (June, 1985), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Law (January, 1988) and other individual laws and regulations on environmental protection have been formulated and promulgated one after another. In December, 1989, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law was formally promulgated and implemented. Since then, environmental protection law has become an important guarantee for China’s environmental protection and an important part of China’s socialist legal system. In 1990, the State Council issued the Decision on Further Strengthening Environmental Protection, emphasizing strict enforcement of environmental protection laws and regulations, taking effective measures to prevent and control industrial pollution according to law, and fully implementing eight environmental management systems, including the environmental protection target responsibility system, the quantitative assessment system for comprehensive improvement of urban environment, the pollutant discharge permit system, centralized pollution control, deadline treatment, environmental impact assessment system, the "three simultaneities" system and the sewage charge system.And put the implementation of environmental protection target responsibility system in a prominent position.

　　　　At this stage, China has made remarkable progress in the field of international cooperation in environmental protection. In 1984, the State Council Environmental Protection Committee was established, and the participation of environmental protection in international cooperation was further strengthened. China has signed environmental cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries, signed 15 agreements on nuclear safety and radiation environment cooperation, and participated in regional environmental cooperation meetings and actions such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asia-Europe Meeting and Northeast Asia environmental cooperation. In 1992, China International Cooperation Committee on Environment and Development was established, which further expanded the depth and breadth of environmental protection’s participation in international cooperation. CCISUA has become an international cooperation platform that uses international intellectual resources to serve our government’s scientific decision-making, and has promoted the "two-way sharing" of China’s environmental protection experience with other governments and international organizations. In June 1992, Premier Li Peng of the State Council was invited to attend the summit of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development and delivered an important speech. In August of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved "Ten Countermeasures for Environment and Development in China" and issued "China Agenda for the 21st Century-China White Paper on Population, Resources and Development in the 21st Century". In March, 1993, the National People’s Congress Environment and Resources Protection Committee was established and put forward the "China Environment and Resources Protection Legal System Framework", and China’s environmental resources legislation entered a new stage.

　　　　With the rapid economic development, China’s environmental protection system, institutions and measures have been continuously developed and improved. The theoretical system of environmental protection with environmental protection as the core, the environmental protection system with the sewage charging system, the "three simultaneities" system and the environmental impact assessment system as the main body, and the legal system based on the Environmental Protection Law have been established one after another, laying the foundation for the next stage of large-scale environmental governance.

　　　　The second stage (1994-2004): river basin improvement and strengthening law enforcement.

　　　　In the early 1990s, China entered the first round of heavy chemical industry era, the process of urbanization accelerated, urban life-style pollution intensified, and the structural, compound and compressed characteristics of environmental pollution began to take shape. With the extensive and rapid development of economy, industrial pollution and ecological destruction are generally intensifying, and the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution is prominent. In some areas, environmental pollution and ecological destruction have restricted the sustainable development of economy and society and even posed a threat to public health.

　　　　This stage is an important period to strengthen law enforcement, comprehensively control pollution and protect ecology. On the basis of the formal preparation of the annual national environmental protection work plan in 1992, the five-year national environmental protection plan was formally prepared from the ninth five-year plan period, and the environmental protection plan was incorporated into the overall national economic and social development plan. Environmental protection has expanded from pure industrial pollution control to domestic pollution control, ecological protection, rural environmental protection, nuclear safety supervision, emergency response to sudden environmental incidents and other important fields, and gradually participated in the comprehensive decision-making of national economic and social development. In April, 1998, the State Environmental Protection Agency, which is directly affiliated to the State Council, was upgraded to the State Environmental Protection Administration. In June of the same year, the National Nuclear Safety Administration was merged into the State Environmental Protection Administration, and the internal organization was the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Environment Management Department (National Nuclear Safety Administration). Nuclear and radiation safety supervision became an important function of the environmental protection department. In order to better coordinate relevant departments to jointly promote environmental protection, the State Environmental Protection Administration took the lead in establishing relevant inter-ministerial joint conference systems. In March 2001, the first meeting of the national inter-ministerial joint conference on eco-environment construction was held. In July, the State Environmental Protection Administration established a national inter-ministerial joint conference system for environmental protection. In August, 2003, with the approval of the State Council, the State Environmental Protection Administration formally established the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the protection of biological species resources.

　　　　At this stage, the state put forward the general idea of focusing on key river basin areas in pollution prevention and control, taking key areas as a whole and promoting the national environmental protection work. In June, 1994, the State Environmental Protection Bureau, the Ministry of Water Resources and the four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong along the Huaihe River jointly promulgated the first rules and regulations for the prevention of water pollution in major rivers in China-Decision on Preventing Sudden Pollution Accidents in the Huaihe River Basin (Trial). In August, 1995, the State Council promulgated the first watershed regulation in China’s history-the Provisional Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Huaihe River Basin, which defined the prevention and control objectives of water pollution in Huaihe River Basin. Driven by relevant laws and regulations, in 1996 alone, more than 4,000 "fifteen small" enterprises were closed in the Huaihe River basin. China’s Cross-century Green Project Plan, which was implemented in 1996, implements comprehensive treatment of watershed water pollution and regional air pollution by stages according to the basic principles of highlighting key points, technical and economic feasibility and giving full play to comprehensive benefits. By 2010, a total of 1,591 projects have been implemented with an investment of 188 billion yuan. The key areas for national pollution prevention and control during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period have been determined successively, namely, "Three Rivers" (Huaihe River, Liaohe River and Haihe River), "Three Lakes" (Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake), "Two Control Zones" (Sulfur Dioxide Control Zone and Acid Rain Control Zone), "One City" (Beijing) and "One Sea" (Bohai Sea), so as to concentrate on the key areas. At the same time, a new idea of environmental protection work of "one control and two standards" is put forward, that is, to control the total amount of pollutant discharge,The discharge of pollutants from industrial pollution sources should meet the national or local standards; The environmental quality of ambient air and surface water in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities, special economic zones, coastal open cities and key tourist cities respectively meet the relevant standards stipulated by the state according to functional divisions.

　　　　In the 1990s, China’s pollution control changed from focusing on end treatment to focusing on pollution source treatment, and cleaner production and circular economy developed rapidly. In 1997, the State Environmental Protection Bureau issued "Several Opinions on Promoting Cleaner Production", requiring local environmental protection departments to incorporate cleaner production into existing environmental management policies. In June, 2002, the 28th meeting of the 9th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the Cleaner Production Promotion Law. In addition, through the comprehensive use of environmental protection planning, the implementation of ISO 14000 environmental management system certification, strengthening environmental impact assessment, and gradually establishing an extended producer responsibility system, the whole process control of environmental management has been continuously improved and strengthened.

　　　　In November 1998, the State Council issued the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan and started a series of major ecological protection projects. In 1999, the pilot project of returning farmland to forest and grassland was carried out, and priority was given to returning farmland to forest in areas with ecological sensitivity and important ecological security status. In 2000, the national investment of 100 billion yuan in natural forest protection project was launched in an all-round way, focusing on the protection of natural forest resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the northeast. In December 2000, the General Office of the State Council issued the National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection. In March, 2002, the State Council approved the Tenth Five-Year Plan of National Ecological Environment Protection. In May, 2003, the State Environmental Protection Administration issued "Indicators for the Construction of Eco-counties, Eco-cities and Eco-provinces (for Trial Implementation)" to further deepen the construction of eco-demonstration areas.

　　　　At the beginning of the 21st century, water pollution in some river basins in China spread from local river sections to the whole basin, and major pollution incidents broke out intensively. Strengthening the prevention of sudden environmental incidents has become an important part of environmental protection at this stage. In March 2002, the State Environmental Protection Administration began to set up an environmental emergency and accident investigation center. In the face of increasing environmental emergencies, the state has formulated and improved a series of emergency plans related to water environment, atmospheric environment, hazardous chemicals (waste chemicals) and nuclear and radiation emergency plans in sensitive waters of key river basins. In 2005, the Chinese government formulated the "National Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies", which put forward clear requirements for information reception, reporting, processing, statistical analysis, early warning information monitoring and information release of environmental emergencies.

　　　　At the same time, China’s investment in environmental protection has increased rapidly, and the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP has been increasing. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, China’s investment in environmental protection was 2.7 times that of the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, reaching 351.64 billion yuan. In 1999, the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP exceeded 1.0% for the first time. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, environmental protection investment accounted for 1.19% of GDP in the same period. The growth of environmental protection investment has accelerated the construction of urban environmental infrastructure and improved the treatment rate of urban sewage and garbage. With the increasing attention of governments at all levels to pollution prevention and control work and the increasing investment in environmental protection, pollution prevention and control work has gradually shifted from the industrial field to cities, and the comprehensive improvement of urban environment has made positive progress.

　　　　The third stage (2005-present): full prevention and control, and optimized growth.

　　　　Since 2005, China has entered a period of high incidence of environmental pollution accidents, and environmental incidents have shown a trend of high frequency, wide geographical area, great influence and wide coverage. The problem of environmental pollution damaging human health has become increasingly prominent, and the group incidents caused by environmental problems have shown an accelerated upward trend. From 2005 to 2009, a series of major pollution incidents occurred successively, such as serious water pollution in Songhua River in Jilin, cadmium pollution in Beijiang River in Guangdong, cyanobacteria outbreak in Taihu Lake in Wuxi, Jiangsu, and arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai, Yunnan, which had a serious impact on regional economic and social development and public life, and environmental problems increasingly became major social problems.

　　　　In December 2005, the State Council issued the Decision on Strengthening Environmental Protection in Scientific Outlook on Development, which established the environmental protection purpose of putting people first and protecting the environment for the people, and became a programmatic document guiding the coordinated development of China’s economy, society and environment. The 11th Five-Year Plan outlines the strategic tasks and specific measures for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in view of the increasing pressure on resources and environment in China. In April, 2006, the 6th National Environmental Protection Conference was held in the State Council, and the strategic idea of "three changes" was put forward, which was "from attaching importance to economic growth and neglecting environmental protection to paying equal attention to environmental protection and economic growth, from environmental protection lagging behind economic development to simultaneous promotion of environmental protection and economic development, and from mainly using administrative measures to comprehensively using laws, economy, technology and necessary administrative measures to solve environmental problems". Since then, China’s environmental protection has entered a new stage of optimizing economic development by protecting the environment. In October 2007, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made the first ecological civilization construction a strategic task and the new goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way clear. In 2009, the study of China’s environmental macro-strategy put forward an important theoretical and practical proposition of actively exploring a new road of environmental protection in China. In 2011, the State Council held the seventh national conference on environmental protection, and issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection, which laid a solid foundation for promoting the scientific development of environmental protection.

　　　　Two, "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China’s environmental protection has made remarkable achievements.

　　　　(1) The task of pollution reduction was overfulfilled.

　　　　Energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection have become a highlight in the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development. The State Council set up a leading group to deal with climate change and energy conservation and emission reduction, and issued the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction. Local governments at all levels and relevant departments decompose and implement emission reduction tasks at different levels, strengthen responsibility assessment, and intensify structural emission reduction, project emission reduction, and management of emission reduction. In 2010, the total chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions in China decreased by 12.45% and 14.29% respectively compared with 2005, exceeding the emission reduction task. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the central government’s investment in environmental protection reached 156.6 billion yuan, nearly three times that of the 10th Five-Year Plan period, which drove the whole society’s investment in environmental protection to 2.16 trillion yuan, effectively pushing the construction of environmental infrastructure into the fast lane. A total of 2,832 urban sewage treatment plants have been built, with a daily sewage treatment capacity of 125 million tons and a new sewage pipe network of about 60,000 kilometers. The national urban sewage treatment rate has increased from 52% to 77%. A total of 578 million kilowatts of coal-fired desulfurization units have been built, and the proportion of desulfurization units has increased from 12% to 82.6%. A total of 76.825 million kilowatts of small thermal power units were shut down nationwide, and 120 million tons of ironmaking, 72 million tons of steelmaking and 370 million tons of cement were eliminated. In 2010, the proportion of I-III water quality sections in the national surface water monitoring section was 51.9%, an increase of 14.4 percentage points over 2005; The proportion of sections with inferior grade V water quality was 20.8%, which was 6.6 percentage points lower than that in 2005.The average annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide and inhalable particulate matter in urban ambient air in China decreased by 26.3% and 12% respectively.

　　　　(B) environmental protection on the transformation of the mode of economic development has gradually emerged.

　　　　The State Council issued the Decision on Strengthening Environmental Protection in Scientific Outlook on Development, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection, and the Plan for National Major Functional Zones, making it clear that economic construction must meet the requirements of environmental protection. We will adjust and improve the catalogue of prohibited processing trade, cancel export tax rebates for more than 200 kinds of products with high pollution and high environmental risks, and refuse to increase loans for projects that do not meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. Complete the strategic environmental assessment of the development of key industries in five major regions, including Bohai Rim and Chengdu-Chongqing. Strictly control the "two high-tech and one capital", low-level redundant construction and overcapacity projects, and make decisions such as not accepting, suspending approval or not approving the environmental protection documents of 822 projects that do not meet the requirements, involving an investment of 3.18 trillion yuan. In-depth promotion of pollution prevention in key industrial sectors, strengthening environmental verification and post-inspection of listed companies, actively promoting cleaner production, vigorously developing circular economy, and promoting the transformation of economic development mode.

　　　　(3) Let the strategy of rivers and lakes rest and recuperate be comprehensively promoted.

　　　　Implement the interim measures for the assessment of the implementation of the special plan for the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins, and establish a cross-provincial water quality assessment system. The completion rate of special planning projects for water pollution prevention and control in key river basins in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan was 87%, 22.8 percentage points higher than that in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the accumulated investment was 138.9 billion yuan. Strengthen the protection of drinking water sources, improve the water quality compliance rate of key cities to 84.8%, and solve the problem of unsafe drinking water for 215 million rural people. Promote marine environmental protection and implement the Bohai Sea Environmental Protection Master Plan. Organize the investigation and evaluation of ecological security of 12 key lakes and reservoirs, work out the ecological security guarantee scheme, and initially establish the technical system of ecological security management of lakes and reservoirs.

　　　　(4) The joint prevention and control mechanism for air pollution has been gradually established.

　　　　The General Office of the State Council issued guidance on promoting joint prevention and control of air pollution and improving regional air quality, which effectively guaranteed the environmental quality during the Beijing Olympic Games, the Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games. Key clean energy projects such as "West-to-East Gas Transmission" and "West-to-East Power Transmission" were implemented. Compared with 2005, about 110 million tons of standard coal was replaced by new clean energy. Carry out clean energy transformation of coal-fired boilers in an all-round way, encourage the development of cogeneration and central heating, and the national central heating area exceeds 3 billion square meters. Strictly control the environmental protection standards of new vehicles and introduce subsidy policies to speed up the elimination of old vehicles. In 2010, the emission of new cars in China decreased by more than 90% compared with 2000.

　　　　(5) The centralized remediation of outstanding environmental problems such as heavy metals that harm people’s health has achieved initial results.

　　　　The General Office of the State Council issued guidance on strengthening the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, and defined the objectives, tasks, work priorities and relevant policies and measures of heavy metal prevention and control. The central government added a special project to prevent and control heavy metal pollution. In 2010, it allocated 1.5 billion yuan to support the comprehensive prevention and control of key prevention and control areas and the demonstration and popularization of new technologies. The central budget was allocated to invest 52.5 billion yuan to support the construction of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities, which led to local investment of more than 300 billion yuan, and the harmless treatment rate of urban garbage reached 72.4%, an increase of 20 percentage points over the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Strengthen the environmental management of hazardous chemicals and eliminate nine pesticide persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as DDT and chlordane. Strengthen the supervision and management of urban noise environment and strive to solve the problem of noise disturbing people. More than 2 billion yuan was invested in the comprehensive improvement of chromium slag pollution, and 3.3 million tons of chromium slag accumulated in history were disposed of. Implementing the "trade-in" policy for household appliances, since 2009, more than 29 million used household appliances have been recycled.

　　　　(VI) Ecological protection and rural environmental protection were further strengthened.

　　　　The State Council established the China National Committee for the 2010 International Year of Biodiversity. The General Office of the State Council issued Opinions on Strengthening Rural Environmental Protection, Notice on Strengthening the Protection and Management of Biological Species Resources and Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Management of Nature Reserves. The State Council approved the publication of the Outline of the National Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Species Resources (2006-2020) and the Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation in China (2011-2030). A total of 2,588 nature reserves have been established, covering an area of 1,494,400 square kilometers, accounting for 14.9% of the land area. The central government allocated 4 billion yuan to implement rural environmental protection "promoting governance with awards, replacing compensation with awards", supporting more than 6,600 villages and towns to carry out comprehensive improvement of rural environment and ecological demonstration construction, driving local investment of more than 8 billion yuan, and directly benefiting more than 24 million rural people. More than 1,000 counties (cities, districts) across the country have established ecological counties (cities, districts), 11 counties (cities) have built ecological cities and counties, and 18 ecological civilization construction pilots have carried out ecological civilization construction exploration, and the number of national organic food bases has reached 68.

　　　　(7) Nuclear safety and prevention and control of radioactive pollution have been steadily advanced.

　　　　The State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Safety Management of Radioactive Materials Transportation and the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Management of Civil Nuclear Safety Equipment, and formulated a series of supporting administrative regulations and management guidelines. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the safety performance of nuclear power units operating in mainland China was good, and the discharge of gaseous and liquid effluents was far below the national standard limit. The quality assurance system of nuclear power units under construction is operating effectively, and the technical level of engineering construction keeps pace with the international level; The research reactor is in a state of safe operation or safe shutdown. Nuclear fuel production, processing, storage and reprocessing facilities are kept in safe operation. Deepen the supervision of nuclear technology utilization, implement the whole process control of radioactive sources, carry out special rectification of radiation devices to prevent jamming sources, recover waste radioactive sources in time, and retire a number of old radiation devices, which improves the inherent safety level of radioisotope and radiation device utilization projects, effectively reduces the incidence of radiation accidents, and promotes the healthy and sustainable development of nuclear technology utilization industry. The design, manufacture, installation and nondestructive inspection of nuclear safety equipment are fully incorporated into nuclear safety supervision.

　　　　In recent years, the state has continuously strengthened the prevention and control of radioactive pollution. Early decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the treatment of radioactive waste left over from history have been steadily advanced; Build a number of medium and low level waste treatment facilities; Complete a number of closed uranium geological exploration, decommissioning of mining and smelting facilities and environmental improvement projects; The national centralized repository of waste radioactive sources and the temporary repositories of radioactive wastes in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have been basically completed; Establish a national radiation environment monitoring network and carry out supervisory monitoring of the surrounding environment of key nuclear facilities. The monitoring results show that the national radiation environment quality is good and the radiation level remains within the natural background fluctuation range. The average radiation dose of employees is far below the national limit.

　　　　(8) The system of laws, regulations and policy standards has been continuously improved.

　　　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has revised the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, enacted the Law on Promotion of Circular Economy, made relevant provisions on environmental protection in the Property Law, the Criminal Law Amendment and other relevant laws, and carried out supervision and inspection on the implementation of environmental protection-related laws such as prevention and control of water, air and solid waste pollution and cleaner production. The State Council promulgated eight administrative regulations on environmental protection, such as Regulations on Planning Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulations on Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products Recycling, introduced a series of policies, such as desulfurization electricity price, green credit and green securities, and carried out pilot projects such as paid use and trading of emission rights, ecological compensation and environmental pollution liability insurance. Government procurement of environmental labeling products was carried out. The national environmental protection standard system was initially established, with more than 1,300 existing standards.

　　　　(nine) to strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision and capacity building.

　　　　Every year, a special environmental protection campaign is launched to "rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health". Since 2006, more than 80,000 enterprises with environmental violations have been investigated and dealt with, and 7,294 enterprises have been banned and closed. The information on environmental violations of enterprises has been incorporated into the bank credit information system. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 10.034 billion yuan of environmental protection budget was issued, 4.71 times that of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". Full-caliber central environmental protection investment reached 156.4 billion yuan, nearly three times that of the tenth five-year plan. The central government arranged more than 7 billion yuan of special funds for emission reduction of major pollutants, supported the standardized construction of 52% county-level environmental monitoring stations nationwide, and initially established an environmental monitoring and pollution source automatic monitoring network. The first national survey of pollution sources and the study of China’s environmental macro-strategy were completed, and major scientific and technological projects for water pollution control and treatment achieved initial results.

　　　　(10) International cooperation in the environment has been gradually deepened.

　　　　During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China’s international environmental cooperation achieved remarkable results. Negotiations on multilateral environmental conventions are progressing smoothly, the level of bilateral environmental cooperation has been comprehensively upgraded, and cooperation with international organizations has been continuously strengthened. Environmental cooperation has become an important part of bilateral cooperation such as the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, and the China-Japan High-level Economic Dialogue, covering pollution prevention, ecological protection and nuclear safety. It has successively signed bilateral environmental cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding with 35 countries including the United States, Japan, Canada and Russia, and carried out a number of environmental cooperation projects with more than 10 countries and international organizations including the European Union, Japan, Germany and Canada under bilateral free aid projects. Attach great importance to environmental cooperation and exchanges with developing countries, especially African countries, and promote "South-South" environmental cooperation. Actively participated in the institutionalization of regional cooperation, and successively led and participated in the mechanism of China-Japan-ROK Environment Ministers Meeting, Greater Mekong Subregion Environmental Cooperation Mechanism, ASEAN-China (10+1), ASEAN-China-Japan-ROK (10+3) Mechanism, Asia-Europe Environment Ministers Meeting Mechanism, China-EU Ministerial Dialogue on Environmental Policy and other cooperation.

　　　　III. Objectives and tasks of China’s environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period

　　　　(A) the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" environmental protection objectives

　　　　By 2015, the total discharge of major pollutants will be significantly reduced, with the total discharge of chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide reduced by 8% and the total discharge of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides reduced by 10% respectively compared with 2010. The environmental safety of drinking water sources in urban and rural areas has been effectively guaranteed, and the water quality has been greatly improved. The proportion of surface water quality in state-controlled sections is less than 15%, the proportion of water quality in state-controlled sections of seven major water systems is better than that in class III is over 60%, and the proportion of air quality in cities above prefecture level is over 80%. Heavy metal pollution has been effectively controlled, and the prevention and control of pollution such as persistent organic pollutants, dangerous chemicals and hazardous wastes has achieved remarkable results; The construction and operation level of urban and rural environmental infrastructure has been improved; The deterioration trend of ecological environment has been reversed; The ability of nuclear and radiation safety supervision has been significantly improved, and the level of nuclear and radiation safety has been further improved; The environmental supervision system has been improved.

　　　　(II) General requirements for environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period

　　　　Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to protection in development and development in protection, take environmental protection as an important starting point for stabilizing growth and restructuring, give top priority to solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health, carry out reform and innovation in all fields of environmental protection, strengthen institutional innovation and capacity building, deepen pollution reduction, prevent environmental risks and improve environmental quality. We will comprehensively push forward the historic transformation of environmental protection, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, strive to achieve win-win economic benefits, social benefits and resource and environmental benefits, and promote long-term stable and rapid economic development and social harmony and progress.

　　　　(3) Carefully coordinating the four major events

　　　　First, actively explore new ways of environmental protection as the main body of practice, and enrich and improve the theoretical system of environmental protection. We will continue to deepen our understanding of promoting the historic transformation of environmental protection, allowing important ecosystems such as rivers and lakes to recuperate and build ecological civilization, deepening our understanding of the relationship between environmental protection and economic and social development, deepening our understanding of the laws of natural ecological environment succession, comprehensive pollution prevention and ecological environment management, and consolidating the theoretical foundation of environmental protection.

　　　　The second is to comprehensively construct the framework of environmental laws and regulations with the revision of the environmental protection law as the leading factor. Cooperate with the National People’s Congress to revise the Environmental Protection Law, focus on solving some local governments’ environmental protection responsibilities, insufficient judicial support, some systems that are not in line with the current reality and are not connected with individual laws and regulations, further strengthen the basic position and role of the environmental protection law, and comprehensively promote the construction of environmental protection laws and regulations, policy systems and environmental standards.

　　　　Third, take the introduction of the organizational regulations of the Ministry of Environmental Protection as an opportunity to rationalize and improve the environmental protection function and organizational system. Explore the implementation of a large-scale system with organically unified functions, and encourage qualified areas to carry out comprehensive reform of the environmental protection system. Strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision functions and team building. Further improve the system and mechanism of environmental monitoring and supervision, and strengthen the national environmental monitoring function. Implement the development plan of ecological environmental protection talents and strengthen the construction of environmental protection team.

　　　　Fourth, to complete energy conservation and emission reduction as the main task, and strive to promote the obvious improvement of environmental quality. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the pollution reduction targets have been expanded from two to four, and the fields have been extended from industries and towns to transportation and rural areas. It is more difficult and stressful to accomplish the task of reducing pollution, and it is also a hot spot of social concern. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the three major emission reduction measures, to make room for structural emission reduction, to make potential for project emission reduction, to make benefits from management emission reduction, to resolutely complete the task of total reduction, and to promote the obvious improvement of environmental quality.

　　　　IV. Progress of China’s Environmental Protection Work in 2011

　　　　In 2011, the State Council held the seventh national conference on environmental protection, and issued Opinions on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection, which laid the foundation for the great development of environmental protection in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

　　　　(A) the role of environmental protection in promoting the transformation of economic development mode has been further strengthened.

　　　　In accordance with the unified arrangements of the central government, 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were supervised and inspected to speed up the transformation of economic development mode, and policies and measures for environmental protection and pollution reduction were urged to be implemented, which effectively promoted the transformation of local mode and structure. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Planning Environmental Impact Assessment, strengthening the environmental impact assessment, focusing on strengthening the planning environmental impact assessment in river basins, water conservancy and hydropower fields, and further improving the supervision ability of the whole process of construction project environmental impact assessment. In 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Protection approved a total of 291 project EIA documents, involving an investment of 1.46 trillion yuan. 44 projects with a total investment of nearly 250 billion yuan, involving "two highs and one capital", low-level redundant construction and overcapacity, were returned to the report, rejected or suspended for approval. 63 national environmental protection standards were issued to promote the upgrading of pollution prevention and control level in the industry and the adjustment of industrial structure. Strictly carry out environmental verification of key industries such as tanning, rare earth, steel, citric acid, monosodium glutamate, alcohol, starch, etc., announce the list of enterprises that meet environmental protection requirements, and promote the transformation of the development mode of rare earth industry. Through the organization of environmental verification of rare earth enterprises, the rare earth industry has been encouraged to invest more than 2 billion yuan in environmental protection. Strictly carry out environmental protection verification and post-inspection. In 2011, 88 companies that applied to the Ministry of Environmental Protection for listing environmental protection verification added a total of 9.97 billion yuan in environmental protection investment during the verification period, and completed 916 environmental protection projects.

　　　　(2) The emission reduction of major pollutants has been solidly promoted.

　　　　The compilation of the Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas (2011-2015) requires the establishment of a joint prevention and control mechanism for regional air pollution with the aim of improving air quality and the coordinated control of multiple pollutants, so as to do a solid job in air pollution prevention and control in key areas during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Drawing lessons from the successful experience of air quality assurance in Beijing Olympic Games, Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games, we implemented joint prevention and control measures for regional air pollution, and successfully completed the air quality assurance task of the "Green Universiade". Promote the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution, organize the implementation of the national four standards for light gasoline vehicles and heavy diesel vehicles and the emission standards for off-road mobile machinery, actively promote the low sulfur of motor vehicle fuel, organize the self-inspection activities of the national motor vehicle environmental inspection agencies, and go to nine provinces in six groups to conduct on-site inspections. Six major power groups, 16 pilot power plants and a total of 32 coal-fired units were selected to carry out the pilot work of preventing and controlling atmospheric mercury pollution in coal-fired power plants. Organize and complete the dynamic update survey of pollution source census in 2010, and form a pollution source emission database, which laid the foundation for determining the emission reduction base in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Formulate the total amount control plan of major pollutants in each region during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, determine the total amount control indicators in each region, and decompose the emission reduction tasks into specific projects. Shanxi, Hunan and other provinces list characteristic pollutants as binding indicators for emission reduction. At the Seventh Environmental Protection Conference, entrusted by the State Council, the Ministry of Environmental Protection signed a letter of responsibility for total emission reduction targets with provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and relevant central enterprises.Continue to promote the three major measures of project emission reduction, structural emission reduction and management emission reduction. Start the pilot project of pollution reduction performance management. In 2011, the national emissions of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and sulfur dioxide continued to decline, but the emissions of nitrogen oxides rose instead of falling.

　　　　(3) Risk management of outstanding environmental problems such as heavy metal pollution that seriously damages people’s health has been effectively strengthened.

　　　　The State Council approved the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution and the Implementation Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Xiangjiang River Basin, and identified five key prevention and control industries and 138 key prevention and control areas. The central government issued 2.5 billion yuan to support 26 provinces to carry out heavy metal pollution control, and made the rectification of environmental violations of lead-acid battery enterprises the primary task of the special environmental protection action in 2011. Deepen the management of PVC production by calcium carbide method, mercury catalyst production and waste mercury catalyst recycling. Implement a statistical reporting system for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and initially establish a long-term monitoring mechanism for POPs. We will carry out in-depth special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection. We deployed special inspections on environmental management of chemicals and hazardous wastes nationwide, established a standardized management and supervision and assessment mechanism for hazardous wastes, and conducted spot checks and assessments on pollution prevention and control of hazardous waste generating, utilizing and disposing units in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). More than 9 million tons of hazardous waste have been used and disposed of by units holding hazardous waste business licenses nationwide. 53 million sets of used household appliances were recycled and disposed of nationwide. Deploy the national special inspection of chemical environmental management and organize five special law enforcement inspections. In-depth special actions were carried out to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection. More than 2.7 million people were dispatched nationwide, more than 1.07 million enterprises were inspected, more than 10,000 environmental illegal enterprises were investigated, and more than 2,000 environmental illegal cases were listed and supervised. A total of 12,137 heavy metal emission enterprises in key industries were investigated, and the most severe measures were taken to rectify lead battery enterprises.More than 80% have been shut down or stopped production, and the intensity of rectification has never been greater. Effectively curbed the high incidence of blood lead incidents in lead-acid battery enterprises, and promoted the optimization and upgrading of the industry and sustainable development.

　　　　(D) The prevention and control of pollution in key river basins has been deepened.

　　　　The National Plan for Prevention and Control of Groundwater Pollution was issued, and the environmental conditions of more than 800 centralized drinking water sources were evaluated, and interviews were conducted with 13 cities with outstanding problems. Organize the preparation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Reconstruction and Construction of Urban Water Supply Facilities and the Vision of 2020, and conduct a general survey of all 106 water quality indicators of the discharged water from urban public water supply plants nationwide. The implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for water pollution prevention and control in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in key river basins was assessed, and the assessment results were regarded as an important factor in the allocation of funds for water pollution prevention and control. The "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (2011-2015)" was issued. The quality of surface water in China continues to improve. We will carry out pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes with good water quality. Vigorously promote cleaner production, issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Industrial Cleaner Production", issued a total of cleaner production technology implementation plans for 27 key industries such as PVC, and arranged 220 million yuan to support the construction of 33 cleaner production demonstration projects. Compile the National Circular Economy Development Plan, release 60 typical cases of circular economy, carry out pilot projects of comprehensive utilization of industrial solid wastes in 12 regions including Chengde in Hebei and Shuozhou in Shanxi, and determine the first batch of pilot projects of comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen wastes in 33 cities (regions). Supervise and guide the central enterprises to set an example and promote the innovation and popularization of energy conservation, emission reduction, comprehensive utilization and cleaner production technology.

　　　　(5) Rural environmental improvement and ecological protection have been effectively strengthened.

　　　　Nine new demonstration provinces (regions) have been established to improve rural environment, and 4 billion yuan of special funds for rural environmental protection have been arranged, of which 3.6 billion yuan will be used to support the improvement of rural environment. By 2011, a total of 8 billion yuan of special funds for rural environmental protection had been arranged to support 16,300 villages to carry out comprehensive improvement of rural environment and ecological demonstration construction, benefiting 37,290,600 people. Actively carry out the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and vigorously promote the technology of saving fertilizer and medicine. The number of counties (fields) for soil testing and formula fertilization projects has reached 2,498, and the technology promotion area has reached 1.1 billion mu, reducing unreasonable fertilization by 5.8 million tons. China National Committee for the International Year of Biodiversity in 2010 was officially renamed as China National Committee for Biodiversity Protection, with Vice Premier Li Keqiang as its chairman. The remote sensing survey and evaluation project of the ten-year change of the national ecological environment (2000-2010) was launched. Do a good job in the management of nature reserves, build 16 national nature reserves and build 335 national nature reserves. Further standardize the management of ecological construction demonstration areas, add 27 ecological cities (counties) and 34 ecological civilization construction pilots. At present, there are 15 provinces and more than 1000 regions in China to establish ecological provinces, cities and counties. Soil erosion in key river basins has been effectively controlled. By 2011, about 300,000 soil and water conservation schemes had been approved nationwide, and the cumulative area of soil erosion control was about 1.1 million square kilometers. In 2010-2011, a total of 6.84 billion yuan was invested by the central government, driving local and enterprises to invest more than 40 billion yuan.Focus on supporting the management of mine geological environment in resource-exhausted cities. The second phase of natural forest resources protection was officially launched. In 2011, the total afforestation area in China was 92.07 million mu, up 3.9% year-on-year, and the newly added wetland protection area was 4.95 million mu.

　　　　(6) The nuclear and radiation environment is safe and controllable.

　　　　In 2011, the nuclear facilities in service operated safely, and the quality of nuclear facilities under construction was effectively controlled. There were no safety incidents or accidents of Grade II or above in the operation of nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, radioactive waste storage, treatment and disposal facilities and radioactive materials transportation activities, and the incidents and nonconformities of nuclear facilities in operation and under construction were dealt with in a timely and effective manner. In 2011, the number of nuclear facilities and nuclear technology utilization projects in China increased continuously, and the quality of radiation environment remained good on the whole. The level of environmental ionizing radiation remained stable, and the overall ionizing radiation around nuclear facilities and nuclear technology utilization projects did not change significantly. The overall level of environmental electromagnetic radiation was good, and the overall level of environmental electromagnetic radiation around electromagnetic radiation facilities did not change significantly.

　　　　After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, the state immediately launched an emergency plan, closely tracked and judged the progress of the accident, actively carried out nationwide radiation environmental monitoring, and took effective measures to deal with it. Organize the comprehensive safety inspection of nuclear facilities nationwide, and comprehensively revise the emergency plan and revision instructions for nuclear accidents in the operating units of civil nuclear facilities. Carry out safety inspections on the application of nuclear technology, uranium mining and metallurgy, and transportation of radioactive materials to effectively prevent serious accidents. The quality of radiation environment in China has remained good.

　　　　(seven) policy and legal system, science and technology monitoring and publicity and education work continue to advance.

　　　　Promulgate and implement the Regulations on the Management of Taihu Lake Basin and the Regulations on the Safety Management of Radioactive Waste, and cooperate with the revision of the Environmental Protection Law. The comprehensive list of environmental protection has been updated, and more than 500 kinds of "high pollution and high environmental risk" products, more than 40 kinds of environmentally friendly processes and more than 10 kinds of special equipment for environmental protection have been included in the list. In Beijing, Guangdong and other coal-fired power plants, the denitration electricity price policy of 0.8 cents per kilowatt-hour was tried out. For the first time, a nationwide comprehensive survey on environmental pollution and population health was carried out. The establishment of environmental risk and damage identification and evaluation research center and environmental pollution damage identification technology center. We will promote the identification and assessment of environmental pollution damage in pilot areas, successfully complete the three-year action plan for environmental monitoring quality management, and carry out the pilot assessment of county ecological environment quality and biodiversity monitoring in national key ecological function area for the first time. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development of National Environmental Protection, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Monitoring and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Monitoring in 2011 and 2012 were issued, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Nuclear Safety and Radioactive Pollution Prevention and the Vision for 2020 were compiled, and the first national environmental emergency monitoring drill, the Eleventh Five-Year Environmental Protection Achievement Exhibition and the 12th China International Environmental Protection Exhibition were held.

　　　　(VIII) Environmental protection system, mechanism and capacity building have been strengthened.

　　　　The ranks of nuclear safety regulatory agencies have been further strengthened. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, in conjunction with relevant departments, issued the Medium-and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Ecological Environmental Protection Talents (2010-2020), and trained 52,000 cadres and various talents. Publish the case textbook "Ecological Civilization Construction and Sustainable Development" on the theme of scientific development for leading cadres of party and government all over the country. Actively coordinate for the support of the Ministry of Finance, and the central government will add special funds for lake ecological environment protection to protect high-quality ecological lakes with an area of more than 50 square kilometers. In 2010-2011, a total of 950 million yuan will be arranged to support the protection of eight lakes, including liangzi lake and Erhai. The capacity building of monitoring and law enforcement and environmental monitoring has been further strengthened. Nearly 1.1 billion yuan of infrastructure investment has been allocated for monitoring and law enforcement business housing projects, and 414 million yuan has been allocated for environmental monitoring capacity building, which has supported the standardization construction of more than 930 county (district) environmental monitoring institutions in the central and western regions.

　　　　V. Key Environmental Protection Work in 2012

　　　　(a) to complete the annual major pollutant emission reduction tasks.

　　　　The annual pollution reduction tasks set in 2012 are: compared with 2011, the emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand are reduced by 2%, the emissions of ammonia nitrogen are reduced by 1.5%, and the emissions of nitrogen oxides are zero. In-depth implementation of the three major emission reduction measures, structural emission reduction in a more prominent position, improve the exit mechanism of backward production capacity, and strictly pre-audit the total amount of construction projects to reduce pollution emissions from the source. Continue to strengthen project emission reduction and management emission reduction, speed up pollutant control, key pollution control projects, flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, sewage treatment facilities construction, strengthen motor vehicle emission reduction, and carry out agricultural and rural pollution reduction. Strict supervision, ensure the normal operation of pollution control facilities, tap the potential of pollution control, and improve pollution control efficiency. Enrich and improve the emission reduction policy, further improve the desulfurization electricity price, make good use of the denitrification electricity price, coordinate relevant departments to introduce supervision measures for the operation of denitrification facilities as soon as possible, and study and propose financial incentive policies for emission reduction of agricultural sources and motor vehicles. Study that measure of bringing sludge disposal cost into sewage treatment cost. Guiding opinions on the pilot work of paid use and trading of emission rights were issued.

　　　　(2) Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system.

　　　　Vigorously promote strategic environmental impact assessment, focus on planning environmental impact assessment of industrial parks with high environmental risks such as chemical and petrochemical industries, cascade development of river basins, and construction of important waterways, increase the pilot of planning environmental impact assessment of key environmental protection cities, and improve the linkage mechanism between planning environmental impact assessment and project environmental impact assessment. Take the total emission control index of major pollutants as the precondition for the EIA approval of new reconstruction and expansion projects, strengthen the EIA management of petrochemical, steel and other industries, and establish and improve the environmental risk assessment system of construction projects. Improve the qualification management policy of environmental impact assessment institutions of construction projects. Explore the establishment of the "three simultaneities" execution list and liability certificate system for construction projects, and resolutely implement approval-limiting measures for regions and enterprise groups that have not seriously fulfilled their EIA commitments and caused greater environmental risks and environmental impacts. Comprehensively promote the environmental supervision of construction projects, continue to strengthen the supervision of the whole process of environmental impact assessment, and formulate post-evaluation methods for environmental impact.

　　　　(3) Give priority to solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health.

　　　　Pay close attention to improving the environmental quality evaluation system. With the consent of the State Council, the newly revised national ambient air quality standard has been announced to the public. The focus of future work is to further strengthen the pollution control of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and effectively improve the atmospheric environmental quality. First, improve the joint prevention and control mechanism of the atmosphere, focusing on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and implement coordinated control of multiple pollutants. Intensify industrial adjustment and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. Actively promote clean energy, formulate and implement special emission limits for air pollutants in key industries such as thermal power, steel and petrochemical, and vigorously reduce the total emission of pollutants; Second, effectively strengthen the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution, fully implement the fourth-stage motor vehicle emission standards, implement environmental protection signs for motor vehicles, speed up the elimination of "yellow-label vehicles" and improve the quality of vehicle fuel. Strengthen the capacity building of environmental supervision of motor vehicles, strengthen the supervision of environmental inspection agencies for in-use vehicles, and comprehensively improve the emission level of motor vehicles; The third is to establish a regional atmospheric environmental quality forecasting system to realize the risk information judgment and early warning functions. When heavy polluted weather occurs continuously, the emergency mechanism should be started in time to guide the masses to arrange their travel and life reasonably. In addition, we will do our best to prevent and control heavy metal pollution, strictly manage chemical environment, and continue to do a good job in hazardous waste management.

　　　　(four) continue to strengthen the prevention and control of marine pollution in key river basins.

　　　　Insist on letting rivers and lakes recuperate and improve the quality of water environment. We will do a good job in ensuring the safety of drinking water environment and strictly divide and manage drinking water source protection areas. Accelerate the implementation of the "Measures for Environmental Quality Assessment of Surface Water" and study and introduce policies and measures to strengthen the protection of rural drinking water sources. Promote the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins and improve the assessment mechanism. Take joint pollution control as a breakthrough to improve the environmental quality of the Bohai Sea and the estuaries such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Pearl River. Strengthen lake protection, implement preferential protection and one lake and one policy, and establish a target responsibility system and performance evaluation system. Strengthen the control and management of odor, noise and cooking fume pollution in cities. Strengthen enterprise environmental protection verification and post-supervision.

　　　　(V) Accelerating rural environmental protection and ecological protection.

　　　　Further deepen the policy of "promoting governance with awards" and "replacing compensation with awards". Implement the target responsibility system for comprehensive improvement of rural environment, and conduct performance evaluation and assessment on the implementation of the target responsibility system for comprehensive improvement of rural environment in pilot provinces and cities. Promote the construction of agricultural environmental protection supervision system. Explore the establishment of cross-regional and cross-industry mechanisms to promote the pilot construction of ecological civilization. Implement the Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation in China (2011-2030), and formulate and implement the Measures for Environmental Supervision and Management of Alien Invasive Species. Strengthen supervision over the development and construction of nature reserves, and seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts.

　　　　(six) to strengthen environmental law enforcement and emergency management.

　　　　Continue to maintain the high-pressure situation of environmental law enforcement supervision. We will carry out in-depth special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises to protect people’s health and environmental protection, and resolutely rectify the dumping of heavy metals, chemicals and hazardous wastes. We will carry out pilot projects to evaluate the performance of environmental law enforcement, and improve the regional environmental supervision mechanism and departmental linkage law enforcement mechanism. The implementation of river basin, region, industry approval and supervision supervision system. Improve the working mechanism of risk prevention and emergency management. Improve the ability of environmental emergency monitoring and disposal, and properly handle all kinds of sudden environmental incidents. Strictly implement the information reporting system, implement the main responsibility of enterprise environmental safety, comprehensively investigate the environmental risks of enterprises, and carry out the assessment of enterprise environmental risks.

　　　　(seven) to continuously improve the level of policies and regulations, scientific and technological standards, environmental monitoring, nuclear and radiation safety and publicity and education.

　　　　Cooperate with the revision of the Environmental Protection Law, promote the revision of the Air Pollution Prevention Law, and study and draft laws and regulations on soil environmental protection and nuclear safety. Do a good job in the comprehensive list of environmental protection, improve the information exchange mechanism of green credit, and initially form the ability to identify and evaluate environmental pollution damage. Strengthen scientific and technological support and standard setting, and strengthen environmental monitoring. Strengthen the standardization construction and standard acceptance of monitoring stations, and strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision. Prepare for the fourth national conference on nuclear and radiation safety supervision. Take the operation of nuclear facilities as the supervision object, strengthen the safety review and evaluation of newly built and expanded nuclear facilities, and supervise the implementation of various rectification measures. Accelerate the construction of nuclear and radiation safety supervision technology research and development base. Actively and steadily promote the reform of publishing and newspapers. Popularize nuclear and radiation safety knowledge, deepen environmental publicity and education, and improve the publicity level of major events such as World Environment Day and Earth Day. We will continue to carry out pilot projects of environmental education for all.

　　　　Box 1: All previous environmental protection conferences in China

　　　　Since 1973, China has held seven national environmental protection conferences. All previous national conferences on environmental protection have achieved landmark results, which embodies the development course of China’s environmental protection undertaking that keeps pace with the times and keeps pioneering and innovating. In 1973, the State Council held the first national conference on environmental protection, and put forward the 32-word policy of "overall planning, rational layout, comprehensive utilization, turning harm into benefit, relying on the masses and everyone to protect the environment and benefit the people". The second national conference on environmental protection held in 1983 established environmental protection as a basic national policy, formulated the guiding principle of "economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction should be planned, implemented and developed simultaneously, so as to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits", and defined the three major environmental protection issues of "prevention first, combining prevention with control", "polluter should control" and "strengthening environmental management" The Third National Conference on Environmental Protection held in 1989 put forward the idea of "declaring war on environmental pollution", and actively promoted eight environmental management systems, including the responsibility system for environmental protection objectives, the quantitative assessment system for comprehensive improvement of urban environment, the permit system for pollutant discharge, centralized pollution control, deadline treatment, environmental impact assessment system, the "three simultaneities" system and the sewage charge system. The fourth national conference on environmental protection held in 1996 pointed out that environmental protection is the key to implementing the strategy of sustainable development, and the essence of environmental protection is to protect productive forces. The implementation of the total discharge control plan of major pollutants and the cross-century green project planning are two important measures to improve environmental quality.The fifth national conference on environmental protection held in 2002 called for putting environmental protection on the same important position as developing productive forces, developing environmental protection in accordance with economic laws and taking the road of marketization and industrialization. The Sixth National Environmental Protection Conference held in 2006 clearly pointed out that the key to do a good job in environmental protection under the new situation is to accelerate the realization of "three changes": from emphasizing economic growth to neglecting environmental protection to paying equal attention to environmental protection and economic growth, from environmental protection lagging behind economic development to simultaneous promotion of environmental protection and economic development, and from mainly using administrative measures to comprehensively applying laws, economies, technologies and necessary administrative measures to solve environmental problems. The Seventh National Conference on Environmental Protection held in 2011 emphasized the need to persist in protecting while developing, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health, and strive to create a new situation in environmental protection work.

　　　　Column 2: Actively explore the new road of environmental protection in China.

　　　　Exploring the new road of environmental protection in China originates from the practice of environmental protection in China for more than 30 years. It is a systematic summary of environmental protection practice in China and a clear banner that leads the environmental protection cause to advance continuously. In the study and practice of Scientific Outlook on Development in 2008, the national environmental protection system reached a consensus to explore a new road of environmental protection in China, which was theoretically refined and summarized by the China Environmental Macro-strategy Research approved by the State Council and jointly carried out by China Academy of Engineering and the Ministry of Environmental Protection. At the annual meeting of the China Committee for International Cooperation in Environment and Development in 2011, Chinese and foreign members and experts attending the meeting gave wide approval to the connotation and goal of actively exploring a new road of environmental protection in China. In recent years, under the guidance of actively exploring new ways of environmental protection, new measures such as joint prevention and control of air pollution, cross-border assessment of key river basins, "one lake, one policy" for lake protection, "promoting governance with awards" for rural environmental protection, total pollutant discharge index as a precondition for project approval, regional industry environmental assessment limit, environmental protection verification of key industries, desulfurization electricity price of coal-fired power plants, emission trading and green credit have been continuously introduced, with remarkable results.

　　　　The connotation of the new road of environmental protection is "low cost, good benefit, low emission and sustainability". "Low cost" means to adhere to the coordination between environmental protection and economic development, and support larger-scale economic activities with as little resource and environmental cost as possible; "Good benefit" means to persist in coordinating environmental protection with economic construction and social construction, and seek the best environmental, economic and social benefits; "Low emission" means adhering to the combination of pollution prevention and environmental treatment, keeping pollutant emission at the lowest level, and minimizing the damage to the environment caused by economic and social activities; "Sustainability" means to adhere to the integration of environmental protection and long-term development, and promote sustainable economic and social development by building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

　　　　The fundamental requirement for exploring a new road to environmental protection is to vigorously promote the coordination and integration of environmental protection and economic development. Focusing on the theme of scientific development and the main line of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, environmental protection should be placed in a more important position, giving full play to the leading, expanding, increasing and reversing role of environmental protection in promoting stable and rapid economic development, optimizing regional layout with environmental capacity, optimizing industrial structure with environmental management, optimizing growth mode with environmental cost, and promoting innovative transformation and green development.

　　　　The core of exploring a new road to environmental protection is to pay attention to safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. Strengthen the concept of environmental protection for the benefit of the people, concentrate on solving environmental problems related to people’s livelihood, such as heavy metals, chemicals, hazardous wastes and persistent organic pollutants, severely punish environmental violations, earnestly safeguard the public’s environmental rights and interests, and let the people drink clean water, breathe fresh air, eat safe food, and produce and live in a beautiful and livable environment.

　　　　The goal of exploring a new road to environmental protection is to focus on building six systems. First, the macro-strategic system of environmental protection adapted to China’s national conditions; The second is a comprehensive and efficient pollution prevention and control system; Third, a sound environmental quality evaluation system; Fourth, a sound system of environmental protection laws, regulations, policies and scientific and technological standards; Fifth, a complete environmental management and law enforcement supervision system; Sixth, the social action system with the participation of the whole people.

　　　　Column 3: Vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization

　　　　Building ecological civilization is an important strategic thought and task put forward by our Party, which thoroughly implements Scientific Outlook on Development and is based on the severe reality that the cost of resources and environment is too high in the rapid economic growth. It is an important part of the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great cause, which points out the direction for solving the outstanding contradiction between man and nature in China at present and in the future, and provides a fundamental guarantee for strengthening ecological environment protection and promoting sustainable economic and social development. According to the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "to build an ecological civilization, the industrial structure, growth mode and consumption pattern of saving energy and resources and protecting the ecological environment will basically be formed. Circular economy has formed a large scale, and the proportion of renewable energy has increased significantly. The discharge of major pollutants has been effectively controlled, and the quality of the ecological environment has been significantly improved. The concept of ecological civilization is firmly established in the whole society. " The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward that socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction should be comprehensively promoted, and the construction of ecological civilization should be included in the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out, "The essence of building ecological civilization is to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, guided by the laws of nature and aimed at sustainable development." Promoting the construction of ecological civilization is an effective way to solve the increasing constraints of resources and environment, an objective need to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, an inherent requirement to safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, and a strategic choice to seize the commanding heights of future competition in the post-international financial crisis period.

　　　　Environmental protection is the main position and fundamental measure of ecological civilization construction, and it is also the focus and direction of promoting sustainable development. Building ecological civilization is different from pollution control and ecological restoration in the traditional sense, but a process of correcting the disadvantages of industrial civilization and exploring the road of resource-saving and environment-friendly development. It is necessary to make up for the course of industrial civilization and take the road of ecological civilization. Strengthening ecological environmental protection is not to give up the pursuit of development, but to achieve harmony between man and nature, economy, society and resources and environment at a higher level. We must use the strategic vision, strategic thinking and strategic means of building ecological civilization to plan and solve China’s outstanding environmental problems, and actively explore a new road of environmental protection in China. Any achievement or breakthrough in environmental protection is a positive contribution to the construction of ecological civilization. In recent years, China’s environmental protection work has played an important role in solving outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health, coordinating and promoting the reduction of total discharge of major pollutants, improvement of environmental quality, prevention of environmental risks and equalization of public services for urban and rural environmental protection, and fostering and strengthening the ecological economy, improving the quality of the ecological environment and enhancing the awareness of social ecological civilization.

　　　　Box 4: the State Council’s opinion on strengthening the key work of environmental protection

　　　　In October 2011, the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection, which became a programmatic document to thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and promote the scientific development of environmental protection in China in the new era. The "Opinions" put forward that, first, we should comprehensively improve the level of supervision and management of environmental protection. Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system, continue to strengthen the total emission reduction of major pollutants, strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision, effectively prevent environmental risks and properly handle environmental emergencies; Second, efforts should be made to solve outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health. Effectively strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, strictly manage chemical environment, ensure nuclear and radiation safety, deepen comprehensive prevention and control of pollution in key areas, vigorously develop environmental protection industries, accelerate rural environmental protection, and increase ecological protection; Third, we must reform and innovate the environmental protection system and mechanism. We will continue to push forward the historic transformation of environmental protection, take reform and innovation as the driving force, actively explore a new road of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, implement economic policies conducive to environmental protection, continuously enhance environmental protection capabilities, improve environmental management systems and working mechanisms, and strengthen leadership and assessment of environmental protection work.

　　　　The Opinions put forward a series of innovative measures. In terms of implementing economic policies that are conducive to environmental protection, the Opinions propose to strictly implement the electricity price policy for flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants, formulate the electricity price policy for denitrification, and give priority to online access for renewable energy power generation, waste heat power generation and waste incineration power generation. Implement differential electricity prices for industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, and implement preferential policies for encouraged enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment facilities, desulfurization and denitrification facilities and garbage treatment facilities in non-power industries; In terms of environmental responsibility investigation, the Opinions put forward that illegal acts such as starting construction without approval of environmental impact assessment documents, making major changes without authorization during construction, and putting into production without environmental protection acceptance should be investigated for the responsibility of management departments, related enterprises and personnel according to law, strengthening environmental law enforcement supervision and establishing law enforcement responsibility system; In terms of strict environmental management methods, the Opinions put forward that the EIA procedures must be strictly implemented, and the total discharge index of major pollutants should be taken as the precondition for the EIA approval, and the total discharge of industries should be controlled, so as to improve the environmental access standards and emission standards of key industries, and to formulate and revise relevant laws and regulations, and resolutely prohibit the new expansion and reconstruction of projects that increase the total discharge of heavy metal pollutants in key prevention and control areas; In the development of environmental protection industry, the Opinions proposes to increase policy support, expand market demand, encourage the establishment of environmental protection industry development funds through multiple channels, and broaden financing channels for environmental protection industry development. Implement advanced and applicable technology research and development, technical equipment and demonstration projects, and focus on the development of environmental services.Encourage the use of green signs and environmental certification requirements.

　　　　Box 5: Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection

　　　　In order to promote the scientific development of China’s environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the State Council issued the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection in December 2011. The 12th Five-Year Plan of national environmental protection is an important part of the 12th Five-Year Plan. The Plan takes improving the basic environmental public service system as a key task. By promoting the coordinated development of regional environmental protection, improving the level of rural environmental protection, and strengthening the ability of environmental supervision, it strives to narrow the gap between regions, urban and rural areas in the ability of harmless treatment of sewage and garbage and the ability of environmental monitoring and evaluation, effectively ensuring the safety of drinking water sources in urban and rural areas, so that all citizens can obtain basic environmental public services that are compatible with the level of economic and social development and have roughly equal results. For the first time, the Plan takes strengthening the prevention and control of environmental risks in key areas and maintaining environmental safety as a strategic task, aiming at solving the problem of environmental security in the process of industrialization by improving institutional policies and improving the system of prevention, early warning, response, disposal and recovery. First, strengthen the basic system construction of environmental risk prevention and control. Carry out national environmental risk investigation and assessment, deepen environmental risk management measures, strengthen the foundation of environmental risk management, and improve the security system of full prevention and control. The second is to include heavy metals and chemicals in the focus of risk prevention and control. Strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key industries and regions, intensify the elimination of toxic and harmful chemicals, strictly supervise the chemical environment, and strengthen the prevention and control of chemical risks. The third is to comprehensively strengthen nuclear and radiation safety work.Vigorously improve the safety level of nuclear and radiation, improve the safety level of nuclear energy and nuclear technology utilization, strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision and radioactive pollution prevention and control. Fourth, vigorously promote the treatment and disposal of solid waste from the perspective of preventing environmental risks of hazardous waste. We will comprehensively promote the prevention and control of hazardous waste pollution, intensify the prevention and control of industrial solid waste pollution, and improve the level of domestic waste treatment.