In the past week, the first phase of the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity was successfully held in Kunming, China. However, during this meeting, all parties also noticed that the United States has not completed the ratification procedure for 30 years since it signed the Convention in the 1990s.

　　With a total of 196 parties, the Convention on Biological Diversity has developed into one of the international environmental conventions with the largest number of countries. As one of the most developed countries in the world, the absence of the United States has undoubtedly caused significant damage to the global efforts to protect biodiversity and prevent species extinction.

　　△ Quartz, a business news website, wrote that the refusal of the United States to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity may weaken the protection of biodiversity at home and abroad.

　　Internal party struggles shut out the global environmental protection plan

　　At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, the Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature by all countries. Many countries, including China, signed this historic convention on the spot, but the United States chose to give up at that time.

　　△ At the Rio Conference in 1992, leaders of various countries enthusiastically signed the Convention on Biological Diversity under the witness of then-UN Secretary-General Boutros Ghali (right). However, the then US President George W. Bush did not sign it.

　　The reason for not signing is simple — — 1992 was an election year in the United States.

　　At that time, President George H.W. Bush was fiercely competing with Democrat Clinton for the presidency, and many senators in Bush’s Republican Party opposed signing the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Republican Party, which represents the interests of large enterprises, believes that the Convention will "infringe" US sovereignty, endanger domestic commercial interests and increase the financial burden.

　　Clinton won the election in 1992 and signed the Convention on Biological Diversity shortly after taking office. But signing does not mean joining. If the United States really wants to join the Convention, it still needs the approval of more than two-thirds of the Senate. However, due to the obstruction of the Republican Party, the Convention has not been approved by Congress.

　　△ VOX, an American news website, quoted an expert’s point of view in the article "Why didn’t the United States join the most important treaty to protect nature", pointing out that conservative nationalists in the United States (including the Senate) have long distrusted international agreements and regarded them as "efforts by the United Nations and foreign governments to restrict the independence of the United States Constitution, interfere in the activities of the American private sector and create redistributive plans".

　　Now 30 years later, these people’s ideas have not changed at all. Shortly after Biden took office as president, the American right-wing think tank released a report calling on the Senate to continue to boycott international treaties such as the Convention on Biological Diversity during Biden’s tenure, on the grounds that they "threatened US sovereignty".

　　However, environmental experts point out that there is no evidence to support this statement. What’s more, the Convention on Biological Diversity itself clearly stipulates that countries retain jurisdiction over their own environment.

　　△ Stuart Patrick, director of the International Institutions and Global Governance Program of the American Council on Foreign Relations, clearly emphasized in his book "Sovereign War" that the Convention on Biological Diversity does not pose a threat to US sovereignty.

　　Although environmental supporters have been urging the United States to join the Convention on Biological Diversity as soon as possible for many years, they also realize that in the increasingly polarized United States, the policy direction is completely subject to "veto politics", and conservative politicians simply do not have enough will to fulfill any international obligations.

　　To this end, Sarah Sanders, a researcher at the Audubon Institution in the United States, and Maria Mick, an assistant professor at Michigan State University, jointly published a column warning that the global biodiversity policy is at a critical crossroads. "We (the United States) need a place, otherwise it will be too late."

△ Screenshot of The Hill Report, USA

　　The United States itself has tasted the consequences of arbitrary behavior.

　　The refusal of the United States to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity not only seriously undermined the global biodiversity protection plan, but also made the United States taste the consequences.

　　Federal wildlife officials announced last month that 22 species of wild animals and 1 species of wild plants in the United States, such as ivory-billed woodpecker, will be declared extinct and will be removed from the endangered species list due to poor protection.

△ The New York Times report screenshot

　　According to data provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), nearly 3 billion birds have been lost in North America since 1970. Take Hawaii as an example. There used to be more than 50 species of forest birds in Hawaii, but there are only 17 species left.

△ The New York Times pictures

　　The British "Guardian" recently issued a document summarizing many threats to global biodiversity, and first pointed out "destructive land use". Among them, the outstanding performance is the United States.

　　The article cites the research results of American experts and points out that from 2008 to 2016, 4 million hectares of land in the United States were destroyed. In particular, the destructive development of the prairie in the United States is "equivalent to deforestation of tropical forests." This grassland, once the largest in the world, has now been used for agriculture. However, the recently developed agricultural land has been downgraded to sub-optimal level, and its agricultural output is 70% lower than the national average.

△ "Guardian" report screenshot

　　In fact, apart from the Convention on Biological Diversity, there are many multilateral environmental treaties that the United States has signed but never ratified. What’s more, the United States, as the largest emitter in global history, formally withdrew from the Paris Agreement aimed at tackling global climate change in November last year. This is described by global public opinion as a "major retrogression."

　　It is worth noting that both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change were signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio in 1992. In the eyes of professionals, protecting biodiversity and tackling climate change are global environmental protection issues of equal importance.

　　As Elizabeth Murema, Executive Secretary of the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, said in a recent interview, climate change and biodiversity are interrelated. "When we talk about mountain fires, we are talking about forests, and forests are biodiversity. If biodiversity is not considered, the solution of climate change alone will not help to slow down climate change. "

△ Elizabeth Murema

　　With the upcoming 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, what the United States has done is becoming the biggest uncertainty in the field of global environmental governance.

　　In this regard, Zhao Lijian, a spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry, said a few days ago that the United States should change its utilitarian practices in participating in international affairs as soon as possible, shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations, earnestly proceed from the well-being of people around the world and win the trust of the international community with practical actions.

△ Zhao Lijian

　　But what the world wants to know is, when will the United States, which has refused to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity for decades, retreat when it wants to enter the Paris Agreement … …

　　Planning Wang Jian

　　Reporter Wang Hongling

　　Editor Zhang Han

　　Qian Shen Wang Jian Liu Yiyao

Fang Jianguo shows paper-cutting to foreign friends. Photo courtesy of Fang Jianguo

　　Zhongxin. com, Hangzhou, October 5 th Title: Folk paper-cutting craftsmen: As long as children like it, they are not afraid of successors.

　　"Red ‘ Shou ’ In the word, there are not only national defense elements such as warships and aircraft carriers, but also elements closely related to people’s lives such as high-speed rail and high-rise buildings. These are the achievements made in the 70 years since the founding of New China. " Facing a hollowed-out paper-cut work named Shou, Fang Jianguo, a 65-year-old paper-cut craftsman in Qiantang, Hangzhou, said that it was his personal gift to the 70th anniversary of the founding of New China.

Fang Jianguo’s paper-cut works are popular with students. Photo courtesy of Fang Jianguo

　　Paper-cutting, also called paper cutting, is one of the oldest folk arts of the Han nationality in China. It was invented in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and reached its peak in the Tang Dynasty, with a history of more than 2,000 years. This is also the craft that Fang Jianguo insisted on for most of his life. Although fewer and fewer people cut paper, he is not too worried. "As long as children like it, they are not afraid of no one."

　　Since the 1980s, Fang Jianguo has been cutting paper for nearly 40 years. He is the deputy secretary-general of Zhejiang Folk Art Research Paper-cut Branch and the secretary-general of Hangzhou Paper-cut Art Professional Committee, and he prefers to call himself a "folk paper-cut artist".

Fang Jianguo’s paper-cut works are popular with students. Photo courtesy of Fang Jianguo

　　Put on reading glasses, carve up and down with a carving knife, and sit still all day … … This is the normal state of Fang Jianguo’s creation.

　　“‘ 28, stick grilles ’ In the past, during the Spring Festival, every household would put up various paper-cut patterns to express their wishes and blessings for a better life. As soon as the prosperous window grilles were put up, the taste of the year would be strong. " Fang Jianguo recalled that because his uncle was good at paper-cutting, the window grilles at home were particularly exquisite. "Once I saw my uncle’s work" My Aunt’s Head ",and I was immediately attracted by the works with both form and spirit. I not only became attached to paper-cutting, but I didn’t expect to cut it for a lifetime."

Exhibition of Fang Jianguo’s paper-cut works. Sun niya photo

　　All paper-cutting exhibitions must be present, imitate hard work as soon as they get home, and ask for advice from senior craftsmen humbly … … After several years of study, Fang Jianguo gradually formed a set of paper-cutting methodology of his own. According to its introduction, when creating a paper-cut work, it usually goes through eight steps, including element conception, data verification, composition, sketch, modification, finalization, paper engraving and final product.

　　"Paper-cutting for nearly 40 years, the society is progressing, and my creative content is getting richer and richer. I am no longer limited to window grilles, ‘ Hi ’ Small works such as words, but reflect the changes of the times through paper-cut works and promote the positive energy of society. " In Fang Jianguo’s hands, a series of works combined with the theme of the times are "vividly on the paper", including not only the filial piety work "Family and filial piety first" which reflects the three generations’ washing of their elders’ feet, but also the paper-cut work "Welcome to Hangzhou" of G20 Hangzhou Summit which contains elements such as three pools printing the moon and Hangzhou city logo.

Fang Jianguo’s paper-cut work Shou. Photo courtesy of Fang Jianguo

　　"Paper-cut art is not achieved overnight, and it is a test of skill and patience. If you want to pass on this traditional China arts and crafts better, you must start from the doll. " He said.

　　Nowadays, as a promoter of Qiantang paper-cut intangible cultural heritage, Fang Jianguo will go to schools, children’s palaces and other places in Hangzhou as a public paper-cut training teacher whenever he has time. In 2018 alone, he went to campuses and communities to teach folk paper-cutting techniques 36 times, with nearly 3,000 participants.

　　"Every time I see children’s little faces full of interest, I see the hope of the future of traditional arts and crafts. As long as children like paper cutting ‘ Old foundation ’ Skills, I am not afraid of no one. " Fang Jianguo said. (Author Qian Chenfei Sun Niya)

Environmental protection status

　　　　First, the development of environmental protection in China

　　　　Since the 1970s, China’s environmental protection has made new progress, and experienced a process from scratch, from small to large, from constant exploration to gradual development, which can be roughly divided into three stages.

　　　　The first stage (1973-1993): point source control and system construction.

　　　　At this stage, by continuously strengthening the system construction and carrying out pollution control in key areas, China’s environmental protection has gradually embarked on the legal track.

　　　　In August 1973, the first national environmental protection conference was held in Beijing. In December, 1978, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China approved the Essentials of Environmental Protection Report adopted at the fourth meeting of the State Council Environmental Protection Leading Group. In September, 1979, "People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law (Trial)" was promulgated, which legally required all departments and governments at all levels to consider environmental protection as a whole when formulating national economic and social development plans for the first time, providing legal guarantee for the coordinated development of environment and economy and society. People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Pollution Prevention Law (May, 1984), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Air Pollution Prevention Law (September, 1987), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Grassland Law (June, 1985), People’s Republic of China (PRC) Water Law (January, 1988) and other individual laws and regulations on environmental protection have been formulated and promulgated one after another. In December, 1989, People’s Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Protection Law was formally promulgated and implemented. Since then, environmental protection law has become an important guarantee for China’s environmental protection and an important part of China’s socialist legal system. In 1990, the State Council issued the Decision on Further Strengthening Environmental Protection, emphasizing strict enforcement of environmental protection laws and regulations, taking effective measures to prevent and control industrial pollution according to law, and fully implementing eight environmental management systems, including the environmental protection target responsibility system, the quantitative assessment system for comprehensive improvement of urban environment, the pollutant discharge permit system, centralized pollution control, deadline treatment, environmental impact assessment system, the "three simultaneities" system and the sewage charge system.And put the implementation of environmental protection target responsibility system in a prominent position.

　　　　At this stage, China has made remarkable progress in the field of international cooperation in environmental protection. In 1984, the State Council Environmental Protection Committee was established, and the participation of environmental protection in international cooperation was further strengthened. China has signed environmental cooperation agreements with more than 30 countries, signed 15 agreements on nuclear safety and radiation environment cooperation, and participated in regional environmental cooperation meetings and actions such as Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, Asia-Europe Meeting and Northeast Asia environmental cooperation. In 1992, China International Cooperation Committee on Environment and Development was established, which further expanded the depth and breadth of environmental protection’s participation in international cooperation. CCISUA has become an international cooperation platform that uses international intellectual resources to serve our government’s scientific decision-making, and has promoted the "two-way sharing" of China’s environmental protection experience with other governments and international organizations. In June 1992, Premier Li Peng of the State Council was invited to attend the summit of the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development and delivered an important speech. In August of the same year, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council approved "Ten Countermeasures for Environment and Development in China" and issued "China Agenda for the 21st Century-China White Paper on Population, Resources and Development in the 21st Century". In March, 1993, the National People’s Congress Environment and Resources Protection Committee was established and put forward the "China Environment and Resources Protection Legal System Framework", and China’s environmental resources legislation entered a new stage.

　　　　With the rapid economic development, China’s environmental protection system, institutions and measures have been continuously developed and improved. The theoretical system of environmental protection with environmental protection as the core, the environmental protection system with the sewage charging system, the "three simultaneities" system and the environmental impact assessment system as the main body, and the legal system based on the Environmental Protection Law have been established one after another, laying the foundation for the next stage of large-scale environmental governance.

　　　　The second stage (1994-2004): river basin improvement and strengthening law enforcement.

　　　　In the early 1990s, China entered the first round of heavy chemical industry era, the process of urbanization accelerated, urban life-style pollution intensified, and the structural, compound and compressed characteristics of environmental pollution began to take shape. With the extensive and rapid development of economy, industrial pollution and ecological destruction are generally intensifying, and the problem of agricultural non-point source pollution is prominent. In some areas, environmental pollution and ecological destruction have restricted the sustainable development of economy and society and even posed a threat to public health.

　　　　This stage is an important period to strengthen law enforcement, comprehensively control pollution and protect ecology. On the basis of the formal preparation of the annual national environmental protection work plan in 1992, the five-year national environmental protection plan was formally prepared from the ninth five-year plan period, and the environmental protection plan was incorporated into the overall national economic and social development plan. Environmental protection has expanded from pure industrial pollution control to domestic pollution control, ecological protection, rural environmental protection, nuclear safety supervision, emergency response to sudden environmental incidents and other important fields, and gradually participated in the comprehensive decision-making of national economic and social development. In April, 1998, the State Environmental Protection Agency, which is directly affiliated to the State Council, was upgraded to the State Environmental Protection Administration. In June of the same year, the National Nuclear Safety Administration was merged into the State Environmental Protection Administration, and the internal organization was the Nuclear Safety and Radiation Environment Management Department (National Nuclear Safety Administration). Nuclear and radiation safety supervision became an important function of the environmental protection department. In order to better coordinate relevant departments to jointly promote environmental protection, the State Environmental Protection Administration took the lead in establishing relevant inter-ministerial joint conference systems. In March 2001, the first meeting of the national inter-ministerial joint conference on eco-environment construction was held. In July, the State Environmental Protection Administration established a national inter-ministerial joint conference system for environmental protection. In August, 2003, with the approval of the State Council, the State Environmental Protection Administration formally established the inter-ministerial joint conference system for the protection of biological species resources.

　　　　At this stage, the state put forward the general idea of focusing on key river basin areas in pollution prevention and control, taking key areas as a whole and promoting the national environmental protection work. In June, 1994, the State Environmental Protection Bureau, the Ministry of Water Resources and the four provinces of Henan, Anhui, Jiangsu and Shandong along the Huaihe River jointly promulgated the first rules and regulations for the prevention of water pollution in major rivers in China-Decision on Preventing Sudden Pollution Accidents in the Huaihe River Basin (Trial). In August, 1995, the State Council promulgated the first watershed regulation in China’s history-the Provisional Regulations on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution in Huaihe River Basin, which defined the prevention and control objectives of water pollution in Huaihe River Basin. Driven by relevant laws and regulations, in 1996 alone, more than 4,000 "fifteen small" enterprises were closed in the Huaihe River basin. China’s Cross-century Green Project Plan, which was implemented in 1996, implements comprehensive treatment of watershed water pollution and regional air pollution by stages according to the basic principles of highlighting key points, technical and economic feasibility and giving full play to comprehensive benefits. By 2010, a total of 1,591 projects have been implemented with an investment of 188 billion yuan. The key areas for national pollution prevention and control during the Ninth Five-Year Plan period have been determined successively, namely, "Three Rivers" (Huaihe River, Liaohe River and Haihe River), "Three Lakes" (Taihu Lake, Dianchi Lake and Chaohu Lake), "Two Control Zones" (Sulfur Dioxide Control Zone and Acid Rain Control Zone), "One City" (Beijing) and "One Sea" (Bohai Sea), so as to concentrate on the key areas. At the same time, a new idea of environmental protection work of "one control and two standards" is put forward, that is, to control the total amount of pollutant discharge,The discharge of pollutants from industrial pollution sources should meet the national or local standards; The environmental quality of ambient air and surface water in municipalities directly under the central government, provincial capital cities, special economic zones, coastal open cities and key tourist cities respectively meet the relevant standards stipulated by the state according to functional divisions.

　　　　In the 1990s, China’s pollution control changed from focusing on end treatment to focusing on pollution source treatment, and cleaner production and circular economy developed rapidly. In 1997, the State Environmental Protection Bureau issued "Several Opinions on Promoting Cleaner Production", requiring local environmental protection departments to incorporate cleaner production into existing environmental management policies. In June, 2002, the 28th meeting of the 9th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) passed the Cleaner Production Promotion Law. In addition, through the comprehensive use of environmental protection planning, the implementation of ISO 14000 environmental management system certification, strengthening environmental impact assessment, and gradually establishing an extended producer responsibility system, the whole process control of environmental management has been continuously improved and strengthened.

　　　　In November 1998, the State Council issued the National Ecological Environment Construction Plan and started a series of major ecological protection projects. In 1999, the pilot project of returning farmland to forest and grassland was carried out, and priority was given to returning farmland to forest in areas with ecological sensitivity and important ecological security status. In 2000, the national investment of 100 billion yuan in natural forest protection project was launched in an all-round way, focusing on the protection of natural forest resources in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River and the northeast. In December 2000, the General Office of the State Council issued the National Outline of Ecological Environment Protection. In March, 2002, the State Council approved the Tenth Five-Year Plan of National Ecological Environment Protection. In May, 2003, the State Environmental Protection Administration issued "Indicators for the Construction of Eco-counties, Eco-cities and Eco-provinces (for Trial Implementation)" to further deepen the construction of eco-demonstration areas.

　　　　At the beginning of the 21st century, water pollution in some river basins in China spread from local river sections to the whole basin, and major pollution incidents broke out intensively. Strengthening the prevention of sudden environmental incidents has become an important part of environmental protection at this stage. In March 2002, the State Environmental Protection Administration began to set up an environmental emergency and accident investigation center. In the face of increasing environmental emergencies, the state has formulated and improved a series of emergency plans related to water environment, atmospheric environment, hazardous chemicals (waste chemicals) and nuclear and radiation emergency plans in sensitive waters of key river basins. In 2005, the Chinese government formulated the "National Emergency Plan for Environmental Emergencies", which put forward clear requirements for information reception, reporting, processing, statistical analysis, early warning information monitoring and information release of environmental emergencies.

　　　　At the same time, China’s investment in environmental protection has increased rapidly, and the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP has been increasing. During the Ninth Five-Year Plan period, China’s investment in environmental protection was 2.7 times that of the Eighth Five-Year Plan period, reaching 351.64 billion yuan. In 1999, the proportion of environmental protection investment in GDP exceeded 1.0% for the first time. During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, environmental protection investment accounted for 1.19% of GDP in the same period. The growth of environmental protection investment has accelerated the construction of urban environmental infrastructure and improved the treatment rate of urban sewage and garbage. With the increasing attention of governments at all levels to pollution prevention and control work and the increasing investment in environmental protection, pollution prevention and control work has gradually shifted from the industrial field to cities, and the comprehensive improvement of urban environment has made positive progress.

　　　　The third stage (2005-present): full prevention and control, and optimized growth.

　　　　Since 2005, China has entered a period of high incidence of environmental pollution accidents, and environmental incidents have shown a trend of high frequency, wide geographical area, great influence and wide coverage. The problem of environmental pollution damaging human health has become increasingly prominent, and the group incidents caused by environmental problems have shown an accelerated upward trend. From 2005 to 2009, a series of major pollution incidents occurred successively, such as serious water pollution in Songhua River in Jilin, cadmium pollution in Beijiang River in Guangdong, cyanobacteria outbreak in Taihu Lake in Wuxi, Jiangsu, and arsenic pollution in Yangzonghai, Yunnan, which had a serious impact on regional economic and social development and public life, and environmental problems increasingly became major social problems.

　　　　In December 2005, the State Council issued the Decision on Strengthening Environmental Protection in Scientific Outlook on Development, which established the environmental protection purpose of putting people first and protecting the environment for the people, and became a programmatic document guiding the coordinated development of China’s economy, society and environment. The 11th Five-Year Plan outlines the strategic tasks and specific measures for building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society in view of the increasing pressure on resources and environment in China. In April, 2006, the 6th National Environmental Protection Conference was held in the State Council, and the strategic idea of "three changes" was put forward, which was "from attaching importance to economic growth and neglecting environmental protection to paying equal attention to environmental protection and economic growth, from environmental protection lagging behind economic development to simultaneous promotion of environmental protection and economic development, and from mainly using administrative measures to comprehensively using laws, economy, technology and necessary administrative measures to solve environmental problems". Since then, China’s environmental protection has entered a new stage of optimizing economic development by protecting the environment. In October 2007, the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China made the first ecological civilization construction a strategic task and the new goal of building a well-off society in an all-round way clear. In 2009, the study of China’s environmental macro-strategy put forward an important theoretical and practical proposition of actively exploring a new road of environmental protection in China. In 2011, the State Council held the seventh national conference on environmental protection, and issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection, which laid a solid foundation for promoting the scientific development of environmental protection.

　　　　Two, "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, China’s environmental protection has made remarkable achievements.

　　　　(1) The task of pollution reduction was overfulfilled.

　　　　Energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection have become a highlight in the implementation of Scientific Outlook on Development. The State Council set up a leading group to deal with climate change and energy conservation and emission reduction, and issued the Comprehensive Work Plan for Energy Conservation and Emission Reduction. Local governments at all levels and relevant departments decompose and implement emission reduction tasks at different levels, strengthen responsibility assessment, and intensify structural emission reduction, project emission reduction, and management of emission reduction. In 2010, the total chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions in China decreased by 12.45% and 14.29% respectively compared with 2005, exceeding the emission reduction task. During the 11th Five-Year Plan period, the central government’s investment in environmental protection reached 156.6 billion yuan, nearly three times that of the 10th Five-Year Plan period, which drove the whole society’s investment in environmental protection to 2.16 trillion yuan, effectively pushing the construction of environmental infrastructure into the fast lane. A total of 2,832 urban sewage treatment plants have been built, with a daily sewage treatment capacity of 125 million tons and a new sewage pipe network of about 60,000 kilometers. The national urban sewage treatment rate has increased from 52% to 77%. A total of 578 million kilowatts of coal-fired desulfurization units have been built, and the proportion of desulfurization units has increased from 12% to 82.6%. A total of 76.825 million kilowatts of small thermal power units were shut down nationwide, and 120 million tons of ironmaking, 72 million tons of steelmaking and 370 million tons of cement were eliminated. In 2010, the proportion of I-III water quality sections in the national surface water monitoring section was 51.9%, an increase of 14.4 percentage points over 2005; The proportion of sections with inferior grade V water quality was 20.8%, which was 6.6 percentage points lower than that in 2005.The average annual concentrations of sulfur dioxide and inhalable particulate matter in urban ambient air in China decreased by 26.3% and 12% respectively.

　　　　(B) environmental protection on the transformation of the mode of economic development has gradually emerged.

　　　　The State Council issued the Decision on Strengthening Environmental Protection in Scientific Outlook on Development, the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection, and the Plan for National Major Functional Zones, making it clear that economic construction must meet the requirements of environmental protection. We will adjust and improve the catalogue of prohibited processing trade, cancel export tax rebates for more than 200 kinds of products with high pollution and high environmental risks, and refuse to increase loans for projects that do not meet the requirements of energy conservation and environmental protection. Complete the strategic environmental assessment of the development of key industries in five major regions, including Bohai Rim and Chengdu-Chongqing. Strictly control the "two high-tech and one capital", low-level redundant construction and overcapacity projects, and make decisions such as not accepting, suspending approval or not approving the environmental protection documents of 822 projects that do not meet the requirements, involving an investment of 3.18 trillion yuan. In-depth promotion of pollution prevention in key industrial sectors, strengthening environmental verification and post-inspection of listed companies, actively promoting cleaner production, vigorously developing circular economy, and promoting the transformation of economic development mode.

　　　　(3) Let the strategy of rivers and lakes rest and recuperate be comprehensively promoted.

　　　　Implement the interim measures for the assessment of the implementation of the special plan for the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins, and establish a cross-provincial water quality assessment system. The completion rate of special planning projects for water pollution prevention and control in key river basins in the Eleventh Five-Year Plan was 87%, 22.8 percentage points higher than that in the Tenth Five-Year Plan, and the accumulated investment was 138.9 billion yuan. Strengthen the protection of drinking water sources, improve the water quality compliance rate of key cities to 84.8%, and solve the problem of unsafe drinking water for 215 million rural people. Promote marine environmental protection and implement the Bohai Sea Environmental Protection Master Plan. Organize the investigation and evaluation of ecological security of 12 key lakes and reservoirs, work out the ecological security guarantee scheme, and initially establish the technical system of ecological security management of lakes and reservoirs.

　　　　(4) The joint prevention and control mechanism for air pollution has been gradually established.

　　　　The General Office of the State Council issued guidance on promoting joint prevention and control of air pollution and improving regional air quality, which effectively guaranteed the environmental quality during the Beijing Olympic Games, the Shanghai World Expo and the Guangzhou Asian Games. Key clean energy projects such as "West-to-East Gas Transmission" and "West-to-East Power Transmission" were implemented. Compared with 2005, about 110 million tons of standard coal was replaced by new clean energy. Carry out clean energy transformation of coal-fired boilers in an all-round way, encourage the development of cogeneration and central heating, and the national central heating area exceeds 3 billion square meters. Strictly control the environmental protection standards of new vehicles and introduce subsidy policies to speed up the elimination of old vehicles. In 2010, the emission of new cars in China decreased by more than 90% compared with 2000.

　　　　(5) The centralized remediation of outstanding environmental problems such as heavy metals that harm people’s health has achieved initial results.

　　　　The General Office of the State Council issued guidance on strengthening the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, and defined the objectives, tasks, work priorities and relevant policies and measures of heavy metal prevention and control. The central government added a special project to prevent and control heavy metal pollution. In 2010, it allocated 1.5 billion yuan to support the comprehensive prevention and control of key prevention and control areas and the demonstration and popularization of new technologies. The central budget was allocated to invest 52.5 billion yuan to support the construction of urban sewage and garbage treatment facilities, which led to local investment of more than 300 billion yuan, and the harmless treatment rate of urban garbage reached 72.4%, an increase of 20 percentage points over the end of the Tenth Five-Year Plan. Strengthen the environmental management of hazardous chemicals and eliminate nine pesticide persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as DDT and chlordane. Strengthen the supervision and management of urban noise environment and strive to solve the problem of noise disturbing people. More than 2 billion yuan was invested in the comprehensive improvement of chromium slag pollution, and 3.3 million tons of chromium slag accumulated in history were disposed of. Implementing the "trade-in" policy for household appliances, since 2009, more than 29 million used household appliances have been recycled.

　　　　(VI) Ecological protection and rural environmental protection were further strengthened.

　　　　The State Council established the China National Committee for the 2010 International Year of Biodiversity. The General Office of the State Council issued Opinions on Strengthening Rural Environmental Protection, Notice on Strengthening the Protection and Management of Biological Species Resources and Notice on Doing a Good Job in the Management of Nature Reserves. The State Council approved the publication of the Outline of the National Plan for the Protection and Utilization of Biological Species Resources (2006-2020) and the Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation in China (2011-2030). A total of 2,588 nature reserves have been established, covering an area of 1,494,400 square kilometers, accounting for 14.9% of the land area. The central government allocated 4 billion yuan to implement rural environmental protection "promoting governance with awards, replacing compensation with awards", supporting more than 6,600 villages and towns to carry out comprehensive improvement of rural environment and ecological demonstration construction, driving local investment of more than 8 billion yuan, and directly benefiting more than 24 million rural people. More than 1,000 counties (cities, districts) across the country have established ecological counties (cities, districts), 11 counties (cities) have built ecological cities and counties, and 18 ecological civilization construction pilots have carried out ecological civilization construction exploration, and the number of national organic food bases has reached 68.

　　　　(7) Nuclear safety and prevention and control of radioactive pollution have been steadily advanced.

　　　　The State Council promulgated the Regulations on the Safety Management of Radioactive Materials Transportation and the Regulations on the Safety Supervision and Management of Civil Nuclear Safety Equipment, and formulated a series of supporting administrative regulations and management guidelines. During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, the safety performance of nuclear power units operating in mainland China was good, and the discharge of gaseous and liquid effluents was far below the national standard limit. The quality assurance system of nuclear power units under construction is operating effectively, and the technical level of engineering construction keeps pace with the international level; The research reactor is in a state of safe operation or safe shutdown. Nuclear fuel production, processing, storage and reprocessing facilities are kept in safe operation. Deepen the supervision of nuclear technology utilization, implement the whole process control of radioactive sources, carry out special rectification of radiation devices to prevent jamming sources, recover waste radioactive sources in time, and retire a number of old radiation devices, which improves the inherent safety level of radioisotope and radiation device utilization projects, effectively reduces the incidence of radiation accidents, and promotes the healthy and sustainable development of nuclear technology utilization industry. The design, manufacture, installation and nondestructive inspection of nuclear safety equipment are fully incorporated into nuclear safety supervision.

　　　　In recent years, the state has continuously strengthened the prevention and control of radioactive pollution. Early decommissioning of nuclear facilities and the treatment of radioactive waste left over from history have been steadily advanced; Build a number of medium and low level waste treatment facilities; Complete a number of closed uranium geological exploration, decommissioning of mining and smelting facilities and environmental improvement projects; The national centralized repository of waste radioactive sources and the temporary repositories of radioactive wastes in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) have been basically completed; Establish a national radiation environment monitoring network and carry out supervisory monitoring of the surrounding environment of key nuclear facilities. The monitoring results show that the national radiation environment quality is good and the radiation level remains within the natural background fluctuation range. The average radiation dose of employees is far below the national limit.

　　　　(8) The system of laws, regulations and policy standards has been continuously improved.

　　　　The National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) has revised the Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution, enacted the Law on Promotion of Circular Economy, made relevant provisions on environmental protection in the Property Law, the Criminal Law Amendment and other relevant laws, and carried out supervision and inspection on the implementation of environmental protection-related laws such as prevention and control of water, air and solid waste pollution and cleaner production. The State Council promulgated eight administrative regulations on environmental protection, such as Regulations on Planning Environmental Impact Assessment and Regulations on Management of Waste Electrical and Electronic Products Recycling, introduced a series of policies, such as desulfurization electricity price, green credit and green securities, and carried out pilot projects such as paid use and trading of emission rights, ecological compensation and environmental pollution liability insurance. Government procurement of environmental labeling products was carried out. The national environmental protection standard system was initially established, with more than 1,300 existing standards.

　　　　(nine) to strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision and capacity building.

　　　　Every year, a special environmental protection campaign is launched to "rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health". Since 2006, more than 80,000 enterprises with environmental violations have been investigated and dealt with, and 7,294 enterprises have been banned and closed. The information on environmental violations of enterprises has been incorporated into the bank credit information system. During the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" period, a total of 10.034 billion yuan of environmental protection budget was issued, 4.71 times that of the "Tenth Five-Year Plan". Full-caliber central environmental protection investment reached 156.4 billion yuan, nearly three times that of the tenth five-year plan. The central government arranged more than 7 billion yuan of special funds for emission reduction of major pollutants, supported the standardized construction of 52% county-level environmental monitoring stations nationwide, and initially established an environmental monitoring and pollution source automatic monitoring network. The first national survey of pollution sources and the study of China’s environmental macro-strategy were completed, and major scientific and technological projects for water pollution control and treatment achieved initial results.

　　　　(10) International cooperation in the environment has been gradually deepened.

　　　　During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, China’s international environmental cooperation achieved remarkable results. Negotiations on multilateral environmental conventions are progressing smoothly, the level of bilateral environmental cooperation has been comprehensively upgraded, and cooperation with international organizations has been continuously strengthened. Environmental cooperation has become an important part of bilateral cooperation such as the China-US Strategic and Economic Dialogue, the China-US Joint Commission on Commerce and Trade, and the China-Japan High-level Economic Dialogue, covering pollution prevention, ecological protection and nuclear safety. It has successively signed bilateral environmental cooperation agreements or memorandums of understanding with 35 countries including the United States, Japan, Canada and Russia, and carried out a number of environmental cooperation projects with more than 10 countries and international organizations including the European Union, Japan, Germany and Canada under bilateral free aid projects. Attach great importance to environmental cooperation and exchanges with developing countries, especially African countries, and promote "South-South" environmental cooperation. Actively participated in the institutionalization of regional cooperation, and successively led and participated in the mechanism of China-Japan-ROK Environment Ministers Meeting, Greater Mekong Subregion Environmental Cooperation Mechanism, ASEAN-China (10+1), ASEAN-China-Japan-ROK (10+3) Mechanism, Asia-Europe Environment Ministers Meeting Mechanism, China-EU Ministerial Dialogue on Environmental Policy and other cooperation.

　　　　III. Objectives and tasks of China’s environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period

　　　　(A) the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" environmental protection objectives

　　　　By 2015, the total discharge of major pollutants will be significantly reduced, with the total discharge of chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide reduced by 8% and the total discharge of ammonia nitrogen and nitrogen oxides reduced by 10% respectively compared with 2010. The environmental safety of drinking water sources in urban and rural areas has been effectively guaranteed, and the water quality has been greatly improved. The proportion of surface water quality in state-controlled sections is less than 15%, the proportion of water quality in state-controlled sections of seven major water systems is better than that in class III is over 60%, and the proportion of air quality in cities above prefecture level is over 80%. Heavy metal pollution has been effectively controlled, and the prevention and control of pollution such as persistent organic pollutants, dangerous chemicals and hazardous wastes has achieved remarkable results; The construction and operation level of urban and rural environmental infrastructure has been improved; The deterioration trend of ecological environment has been reversed; The ability of nuclear and radiation safety supervision has been significantly improved, and the level of nuclear and radiation safety has been further improved; The environmental supervision system has been improved.

　　　　(II) General requirements for environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period

　　　　Guided by Deng Xiaoping Theory and Theory of Three Represents, we will thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, adhere to protection in development and development in protection, take environmental protection as an important starting point for stabilizing growth and restructuring, give top priority to solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health, carry out reform and innovation in all fields of environmental protection, strengthen institutional innovation and capacity building, deepen pollution reduction, prevent environmental risks and improve environmental quality. We will comprehensively push forward the historic transformation of environmental protection, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, strive to achieve win-win economic benefits, social benefits and resource and environmental benefits, and promote long-term stable and rapid economic development and social harmony and progress.

　　　　(3) Carefully coordinating the four major events

　　　　First, actively explore new ways of environmental protection as the main body of practice, and enrich and improve the theoretical system of environmental protection. We will continue to deepen our understanding of promoting the historic transformation of environmental protection, allowing important ecosystems such as rivers and lakes to recuperate and build ecological civilization, deepening our understanding of the relationship between environmental protection and economic and social development, deepening our understanding of the laws of natural ecological environment succession, comprehensive pollution prevention and ecological environment management, and consolidating the theoretical foundation of environmental protection.

　　　　The second is to comprehensively construct the framework of environmental laws and regulations with the revision of the environmental protection law as the leading factor. Cooperate with the National People’s Congress to revise the Environmental Protection Law, focus on solving some local governments’ environmental protection responsibilities, insufficient judicial support, some systems that are not in line with the current reality and are not connected with individual laws and regulations, further strengthen the basic position and role of the environmental protection law, and comprehensively promote the construction of environmental protection laws and regulations, policy systems and environmental standards.

　　　　Third, take the introduction of the organizational regulations of the Ministry of Environmental Protection as an opportunity to rationalize and improve the environmental protection function and organizational system. Explore the implementation of a large-scale system with organically unified functions, and encourage qualified areas to carry out comprehensive reform of the environmental protection system. Strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision functions and team building. Further improve the system and mechanism of environmental monitoring and supervision, and strengthen the national environmental monitoring function. Implement the development plan of ecological environmental protection talents and strengthen the construction of environmental protection team.

　　　　Fourth, to complete energy conservation and emission reduction as the main task, and strive to promote the obvious improvement of environmental quality. During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, the pollution reduction targets have been expanded from two to four, and the fields have been extended from industries and towns to transportation and rural areas. It is more difficult and stressful to accomplish the task of reducing pollution, and it is also a hot spot of social concern. It is necessary to continue to strengthen the three major emission reduction measures, to make room for structural emission reduction, to make potential for project emission reduction, to make benefits from management emission reduction, to resolutely complete the task of total reduction, and to promote the obvious improvement of environmental quality.

　　　　IV. Progress of China’s Environmental Protection Work in 2011

　　　　In 2011, the State Council held the seventh national conference on environmental protection, and issued Opinions on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection, which laid the foundation for the great development of environmental protection in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan.

　　　　(A) the role of environmental protection in promoting the transformation of economic development mode has been further strengthened.

　　　　In accordance with the unified arrangements of the central government, 14 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) were supervised and inspected to speed up the transformation of economic development mode, and policies and measures for environmental protection and pollution reduction were urged to be implemented, which effectively promoted the transformation of local mode and structure. The Ministry of Environmental Protection and the National Development and Reform Commission issued the Notice on Further Strengthening the Planning Environmental Impact Assessment, strengthening the environmental impact assessment, focusing on strengthening the planning environmental impact assessment in river basins, water conservancy and hydropower fields, and further improving the supervision ability of the whole process of construction project environmental impact assessment. In 2011, the Ministry of Environmental Protection approved a total of 291 project EIA documents, involving an investment of 1.46 trillion yuan. 44 projects with a total investment of nearly 250 billion yuan, involving "two highs and one capital", low-level redundant construction and overcapacity, were returned to the report, rejected or suspended for approval. 63 national environmental protection standards were issued to promote the upgrading of pollution prevention and control level in the industry and the adjustment of industrial structure. Strictly carry out environmental verification of key industries such as tanning, rare earth, steel, citric acid, monosodium glutamate, alcohol, starch, etc., announce the list of enterprises that meet environmental protection requirements, and promote the transformation of the development mode of rare earth industry. Through the organization of environmental verification of rare earth enterprises, the rare earth industry has been encouraged to invest more than 2 billion yuan in environmental protection. Strictly carry out environmental protection verification and post-inspection. In 2011, 88 companies that applied to the Ministry of Environmental Protection for listing environmental protection verification added a total of 9.97 billion yuan in environmental protection investment during the verification period, and completed 916 environmental protection projects.

　　　　(2) The emission reduction of major pollutants has been solidly promoted.

　　　　The compilation of the Plan for Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Areas (2011-2015) requires the establishment of a joint prevention and control mechanism for regional air pollution with the aim of improving air quality and the coordinated control of multiple pollutants, so as to do a solid job in air pollution prevention and control in key areas during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period. Drawing lessons from the successful experience of air quality assurance in Beijing Olympic Games, Shanghai World Expo and Guangzhou Asian Games, we implemented joint prevention and control measures for regional air pollution, and successfully completed the air quality assurance task of the "Green Universiade". Promote the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution, organize the implementation of the national four standards for light gasoline vehicles and heavy diesel vehicles and the emission standards for off-road mobile machinery, actively promote the low sulfur of motor vehicle fuel, organize the self-inspection activities of the national motor vehicle environmental inspection agencies, and go to nine provinces in six groups to conduct on-site inspections. Six major power groups, 16 pilot power plants and a total of 32 coal-fired units were selected to carry out the pilot work of preventing and controlling atmospheric mercury pollution in coal-fired power plants. Organize and complete the dynamic update survey of pollution source census in 2010, and form a pollution source emission database, which laid the foundation for determining the emission reduction base in the Twelfth Five-Year Plan. Formulate the total amount control plan of major pollutants in each region during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan, determine the total amount control indicators in each region, and decompose the emission reduction tasks into specific projects. Shanxi, Hunan and other provinces list characteristic pollutants as binding indicators for emission reduction. At the Seventh Environmental Protection Conference, entrusted by the State Council, the Ministry of Environmental Protection signed a letter of responsibility for total emission reduction targets with provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps and relevant central enterprises.Continue to promote the three major measures of project emission reduction, structural emission reduction and management emission reduction. Start the pilot project of pollution reduction performance management. In 2011, the national emissions of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia nitrogen and sulfur dioxide continued to decline, but the emissions of nitrogen oxides rose instead of falling.

　　　　(3) Risk management of outstanding environmental problems such as heavy metal pollution that seriously damages people’s health has been effectively strengthened.

　　　　The State Council approved the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Heavy Metal Pollution and the Implementation Plan for Heavy Metal Pollution Control in Xiangjiang River Basin, and identified five key prevention and control industries and 138 key prevention and control areas. The central government issued 2.5 billion yuan to support 26 provinces to carry out heavy metal pollution control, and made the rectification of environmental violations of lead-acid battery enterprises the primary task of the special environmental protection action in 2011. Deepen the management of PVC production by calcium carbide method, mercury catalyst production and waste mercury catalyst recycling. Implement a statistical reporting system for persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and initially establish a long-term monitoring mechanism for POPs. We will carry out in-depth special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection. We deployed special inspections on environmental management of chemicals and hazardous wastes nationwide, established a standardized management and supervision and assessment mechanism for hazardous wastes, and conducted spot checks and assessments on pollution prevention and control of hazardous waste generating, utilizing and disposing units in all provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities). More than 9 million tons of hazardous waste have been used and disposed of by units holding hazardous waste business licenses nationwide. 53 million sets of used household appliances were recycled and disposed of nationwide. Deploy the national special inspection of chemical environmental management and organize five special law enforcement inspections. In-depth special actions were carried out to rectify illegal sewage enterprises and protect people’s health and environmental protection. More than 2.7 million people were dispatched nationwide, more than 1.07 million enterprises were inspected, more than 10,000 environmental illegal enterprises were investigated, and more than 2,000 environmental illegal cases were listed and supervised. A total of 12,137 heavy metal emission enterprises in key industries were investigated, and the most severe measures were taken to rectify lead battery enterprises.More than 80% have been shut down or stopped production, and the intensity of rectification has never been greater. Effectively curbed the high incidence of blood lead incidents in lead-acid battery enterprises, and promoted the optimization and upgrading of the industry and sustainable development.

　　　　(D) The prevention and control of pollution in key river basins has been deepened.

　　　　The National Plan for Prevention and Control of Groundwater Pollution was issued, and the environmental conditions of more than 800 centralized drinking water sources were evaluated, and interviews were conducted with 13 cities with outstanding problems. Organize the preparation of the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Reconstruction and Construction of Urban Water Supply Facilities and the Vision of 2020, and conduct a general survey of all 106 water quality indicators of the discharged water from urban public water supply plants nationwide. The implementation of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan for water pollution prevention and control in 22 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) in key river basins was assessed, and the assessment results were regarded as an important factor in the allocation of funds for water pollution prevention and control. The "Water Pollution Prevention and Control Plan for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (2011-2015)" was issued. The quality of surface water in China continues to improve. We will carry out pilot projects to protect the ecological environment of lakes with good water quality. Vigorously promote cleaner production, issued the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Industrial Cleaner Production", issued a total of cleaner production technology implementation plans for 27 key industries such as PVC, and arranged 220 million yuan to support the construction of 33 cleaner production demonstration projects. Compile the National Circular Economy Development Plan, release 60 typical cases of circular economy, carry out pilot projects of comprehensive utilization of industrial solid wastes in 12 regions including Chengde in Hebei and Shuozhou in Shanxi, and determine the first batch of pilot projects of comprehensive utilization and harmless treatment of kitchen wastes in 33 cities (regions). Supervise and guide the central enterprises to set an example and promote the innovation and popularization of energy conservation, emission reduction, comprehensive utilization and cleaner production technology.

　　　　(5) Rural environmental improvement and ecological protection have been effectively strengthened.

　　　　Nine new demonstration provinces (regions) have been established to improve rural environment, and 4 billion yuan of special funds for rural environmental protection have been arranged, of which 3.6 billion yuan will be used to support the improvement of rural environment. By 2011, a total of 8 billion yuan of special funds for rural environmental protection had been arranged to support 16,300 villages to carry out comprehensive improvement of rural environment and ecological demonstration construction, benefiting 37,290,600 people. Actively carry out the prevention and control of agricultural non-point source pollution, and vigorously promote the technology of saving fertilizer and medicine. The number of counties (fields) for soil testing and formula fertilization projects has reached 2,498, and the technology promotion area has reached 1.1 billion mu, reducing unreasonable fertilization by 5.8 million tons. China National Committee for the International Year of Biodiversity in 2010 was officially renamed as China National Committee for Biodiversity Protection, with Vice Premier Li Keqiang as its chairman. The remote sensing survey and evaluation project of the ten-year change of the national ecological environment (2000-2010) was launched. Do a good job in the management of nature reserves, build 16 national nature reserves and build 335 national nature reserves. Further standardize the management of ecological construction demonstration areas, add 27 ecological cities (counties) and 34 ecological civilization construction pilots. At present, there are 15 provinces and more than 1000 regions in China to establish ecological provinces, cities and counties. Soil erosion in key river basins has been effectively controlled. By 2011, about 300,000 soil and water conservation schemes had been approved nationwide, and the cumulative area of soil erosion control was about 1.1 million square kilometers. In 2010-2011, a total of 6.84 billion yuan was invested by the central government, driving local and enterprises to invest more than 40 billion yuan.Focus on supporting the management of mine geological environment in resource-exhausted cities. The second phase of natural forest resources protection was officially launched. In 2011, the total afforestation area in China was 92.07 million mu, up 3.9% year-on-year, and the newly added wetland protection area was 4.95 million mu.

　　　　(6) The nuclear and radiation environment is safe and controllable.

　　　　In 2011, the nuclear facilities in service operated safely, and the quality of nuclear facilities under construction was effectively controlled. There were no safety incidents or accidents of Grade II or above in the operation of nuclear power plants, research reactors, nuclear fuel cycle facilities, radioactive waste storage, treatment and disposal facilities and radioactive materials transportation activities, and the incidents and nonconformities of nuclear facilities in operation and under construction were dealt with in a timely and effective manner. In 2011, the number of nuclear facilities and nuclear technology utilization projects in China increased continuously, and the quality of radiation environment remained good on the whole. The level of environmental ionizing radiation remained stable, and the overall ionizing radiation around nuclear facilities and nuclear technology utilization projects did not change significantly. The overall level of environmental electromagnetic radiation was good, and the overall level of environmental electromagnetic radiation around electromagnetic radiation facilities did not change significantly.

　　　　After the Fukushima nuclear accident in Japan, the state immediately launched an emergency plan, closely tracked and judged the progress of the accident, actively carried out nationwide radiation environmental monitoring, and took effective measures to deal with it. Organize the comprehensive safety inspection of nuclear facilities nationwide, and comprehensively revise the emergency plan and revision instructions for nuclear accidents in the operating units of civil nuclear facilities. Carry out safety inspections on the application of nuclear technology, uranium mining and metallurgy, and transportation of radioactive materials to effectively prevent serious accidents. The quality of radiation environment in China has remained good.

　　　　(seven) policy and legal system, science and technology monitoring and publicity and education work continue to advance.

　　　　Promulgate and implement the Regulations on the Management of Taihu Lake Basin and the Regulations on the Safety Management of Radioactive Waste, and cooperate with the revision of the Environmental Protection Law. The comprehensive list of environmental protection has been updated, and more than 500 kinds of "high pollution and high environmental risk" products, more than 40 kinds of environmentally friendly processes and more than 10 kinds of special equipment for environmental protection have been included in the list. In Beijing, Guangdong and other coal-fired power plants, the denitration electricity price policy of 0.8 cents per kilowatt-hour was tried out. For the first time, a nationwide comprehensive survey on environmental pollution and population health was carried out. The establishment of environmental risk and damage identification and evaluation research center and environmental pollution damage identification technology center. We will promote the identification and assessment of environmental pollution damage in pilot areas, successfully complete the three-year action plan for environmental monitoring quality management, and carry out the pilot assessment of county ecological environment quality and biodiversity monitoring in national key ecological function area for the first time. The Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Scientific and Technological Development of National Environmental Protection, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Monitoring and the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Monitoring in 2011 and 2012 were issued, the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for Nuclear Safety and Radioactive Pollution Prevention and the Vision for 2020 were compiled, and the first national environmental emergency monitoring drill, the Eleventh Five-Year Environmental Protection Achievement Exhibition and the 12th China International Environmental Protection Exhibition were held.

　　　　(VIII) Environmental protection system, mechanism and capacity building have been strengthened.

　　　　The ranks of nuclear safety regulatory agencies have been further strengthened. The Ministry of Environmental Protection, in conjunction with relevant departments, issued the Medium-and Long-Term Plan for the Development of Ecological Environmental Protection Talents (2010-2020), and trained 52,000 cadres and various talents. Publish the case textbook "Ecological Civilization Construction and Sustainable Development" on the theme of scientific development for leading cadres of party and government all over the country. Actively coordinate for the support of the Ministry of Finance, and the central government will add special funds for lake ecological environment protection to protect high-quality ecological lakes with an area of more than 50 square kilometers. In 2010-2011, a total of 950 million yuan will be arranged to support the protection of eight lakes, including liangzi lake and Erhai. The capacity building of monitoring and law enforcement and environmental monitoring has been further strengthened. Nearly 1.1 billion yuan of infrastructure investment has been allocated for monitoring and law enforcement business housing projects, and 414 million yuan has been allocated for environmental monitoring capacity building, which has supported the standardization construction of more than 930 county (district) environmental monitoring institutions in the central and western regions.

　　　　V. Key Environmental Protection Work in 2012

　　　　(a) to complete the annual major pollutant emission reduction tasks.

　　　　The annual pollution reduction tasks set in 2012 are: compared with 2011, the emissions of sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand are reduced by 2%, the emissions of ammonia nitrogen are reduced by 1.5%, and the emissions of nitrogen oxides are zero. In-depth implementation of the three major emission reduction measures, structural emission reduction in a more prominent position, improve the exit mechanism of backward production capacity, and strictly pre-audit the total amount of construction projects to reduce pollution emissions from the source. Continue to strengthen project emission reduction and management emission reduction, speed up pollutant control, key pollution control projects, flue gas desulfurization and denitrification, sewage treatment facilities construction, strengthen motor vehicle emission reduction, and carry out agricultural and rural pollution reduction. Strict supervision, ensure the normal operation of pollution control facilities, tap the potential of pollution control, and improve pollution control efficiency. Enrich and improve the emission reduction policy, further improve the desulfurization electricity price, make good use of the denitrification electricity price, coordinate relevant departments to introduce supervision measures for the operation of denitrification facilities as soon as possible, and study and propose financial incentive policies for emission reduction of agricultural sources and motor vehicles. Study that measure of bringing sludge disposal cost into sewage treatment cost. Guiding opinions on the pilot work of paid use and trading of emission rights were issued.

　　　　(2) Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system.

　　　　Vigorously promote strategic environmental impact assessment, focus on planning environmental impact assessment of industrial parks with high environmental risks such as chemical and petrochemical industries, cascade development of river basins, and construction of important waterways, increase the pilot of planning environmental impact assessment of key environmental protection cities, and improve the linkage mechanism between planning environmental impact assessment and project environmental impact assessment. Take the total emission control index of major pollutants as the precondition for the EIA approval of new reconstruction and expansion projects, strengthen the EIA management of petrochemical, steel and other industries, and establish and improve the environmental risk assessment system of construction projects. Improve the qualification management policy of environmental impact assessment institutions of construction projects. Explore the establishment of the "three simultaneities" execution list and liability certificate system for construction projects, and resolutely implement approval-limiting measures for regions and enterprise groups that have not seriously fulfilled their EIA commitments and caused greater environmental risks and environmental impacts. Comprehensively promote the environmental supervision of construction projects, continue to strengthen the supervision of the whole process of environmental impact assessment, and formulate post-evaluation methods for environmental impact.

　　　　(3) Give priority to solving outstanding environmental problems that harm people’s health.

　　　　Pay close attention to improving the environmental quality evaluation system. With the consent of the State Council, the newly revised national ambient air quality standard has been announced to the public. The focus of future work is to further strengthen the pollution control of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and effectively improve the atmospheric environmental quality. First, improve the joint prevention and control mechanism of the atmosphere, focusing on Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and Pearl River Delta regions, and implement coordinated control of multiple pollutants. Intensify industrial adjustment and accelerate the elimination of backward production capacity. Actively promote clean energy, formulate and implement special emission limits for air pollutants in key industries such as thermal power, steel and petrochemical, and vigorously reduce the total emission of pollutants; Second, effectively strengthen the prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution, fully implement the fourth-stage motor vehicle emission standards, implement environmental protection signs for motor vehicles, speed up the elimination of "yellow-label vehicles" and improve the quality of vehicle fuel. Strengthen the capacity building of environmental supervision of motor vehicles, strengthen the supervision of environmental inspection agencies for in-use vehicles, and comprehensively improve the emission level of motor vehicles; The third is to establish a regional atmospheric environmental quality forecasting system to realize the risk information judgment and early warning functions. When heavy polluted weather occurs continuously, the emergency mechanism should be started in time to guide the masses to arrange their travel and life reasonably. In addition, we will do our best to prevent and control heavy metal pollution, strictly manage chemical environment, and continue to do a good job in hazardous waste management.

　　　　(four) continue to strengthen the prevention and control of marine pollution in key river basins.

　　　　Insist on letting rivers and lakes recuperate and improve the quality of water environment. We will do a good job in ensuring the safety of drinking water environment and strictly divide and manage drinking water source protection areas. Accelerate the implementation of the "Measures for Environmental Quality Assessment of Surface Water" and study and introduce policies and measures to strengthen the protection of rural drinking water sources. Promote the prevention and control of water pollution in key river basins and improve the assessment mechanism. Take joint pollution control as a breakthrough to improve the environmental quality of the Bohai Sea and the estuaries such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River and the Pearl River. Strengthen lake protection, implement preferential protection and one lake and one policy, and establish a target responsibility system and performance evaluation system. Strengthen the control and management of odor, noise and cooking fume pollution in cities. Strengthen enterprise environmental protection verification and post-supervision.

　　　　(V) Accelerating rural environmental protection and ecological protection.

　　　　Further deepen the policy of "promoting governance with awards" and "replacing compensation with awards". Implement the target responsibility system for comprehensive improvement of rural environment, and conduct performance evaluation and assessment on the implementation of the target responsibility system for comprehensive improvement of rural environment in pilot provinces and cities. Promote the construction of agricultural environmental protection supervision system. Explore the establishment of cross-regional and cross-industry mechanisms to promote the pilot construction of ecological civilization. Implement the Strategy and Action Plan for Biodiversity Conservation in China (2011-2030), and formulate and implement the Measures for Environmental Supervision and Management of Alien Invasive Species. Strengthen supervision over the development and construction of nature reserves, and seriously investigate and deal with illegal acts.

　　　　(six) to strengthen environmental law enforcement and emergency management.

　　　　Continue to maintain the high-pressure situation of environmental law enforcement supervision. We will carry out in-depth special actions to rectify illegal sewage enterprises to protect people’s health and environmental protection, and resolutely rectify the dumping of heavy metals, chemicals and hazardous wastes. We will carry out pilot projects to evaluate the performance of environmental law enforcement, and improve the regional environmental supervision mechanism and departmental linkage law enforcement mechanism. The implementation of river basin, region, industry approval and supervision supervision system. Improve the working mechanism of risk prevention and emergency management. Improve the ability of environmental emergency monitoring and disposal, and properly handle all kinds of sudden environmental incidents. Strictly implement the information reporting system, implement the main responsibility of enterprise environmental safety, comprehensively investigate the environmental risks of enterprises, and carry out the assessment of enterprise environmental risks.

　　　　(seven) to continuously improve the level of policies and regulations, scientific and technological standards, environmental monitoring, nuclear and radiation safety and publicity and education.

　　　　Cooperate with the revision of the Environmental Protection Law, promote the revision of the Air Pollution Prevention Law, and study and draft laws and regulations on soil environmental protection and nuclear safety. Do a good job in the comprehensive list of environmental protection, improve the information exchange mechanism of green credit, and initially form the ability to identify and evaluate environmental pollution damage. Strengthen scientific and technological support and standard setting, and strengthen environmental monitoring. Strengthen the standardization construction and standard acceptance of monitoring stations, and strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision. Prepare for the fourth national conference on nuclear and radiation safety supervision. Take the operation of nuclear facilities as the supervision object, strengthen the safety review and evaluation of newly built and expanded nuclear facilities, and supervise the implementation of various rectification measures. Accelerate the construction of nuclear and radiation safety supervision technology research and development base. Actively and steadily promote the reform of publishing and newspapers. Popularize nuclear and radiation safety knowledge, deepen environmental publicity and education, and improve the publicity level of major events such as World Environment Day and Earth Day. We will continue to carry out pilot projects of environmental education for all.

　　　　Box 1: All previous environmental protection conferences in China

　　　　Since 1973, China has held seven national environmental protection conferences. All previous national conferences on environmental protection have achieved landmark results, which embodies the development course of China’s environmental protection undertaking that keeps pace with the times and keeps pioneering and innovating. In 1973, the State Council held the first national conference on environmental protection, and put forward the 32-word policy of "overall planning, rational layout, comprehensive utilization, turning harm into benefit, relying on the masses and everyone to protect the environment and benefit the people". The second national conference on environmental protection held in 1983 established environmental protection as a basic national policy, formulated the guiding principle of "economic construction, urban and rural construction and environmental construction should be planned, implemented and developed simultaneously, so as to achieve the unity of economic benefits, social benefits and environmental benefits", and defined the three major environmental protection issues of "prevention first, combining prevention with control", "polluter should control" and "strengthening environmental management" The Third National Conference on Environmental Protection held in 1989 put forward the idea of "declaring war on environmental pollution", and actively promoted eight environmental management systems, including the responsibility system for environmental protection objectives, the quantitative assessment system for comprehensive improvement of urban environment, the permit system for pollutant discharge, centralized pollution control, deadline treatment, environmental impact assessment system, the "three simultaneities" system and the sewage charge system. The fourth national conference on environmental protection held in 1996 pointed out that environmental protection is the key to implementing the strategy of sustainable development, and the essence of environmental protection is to protect productive forces. The implementation of the total discharge control plan of major pollutants and the cross-century green project planning are two important measures to improve environmental quality.The fifth national conference on environmental protection held in 2002 called for putting environmental protection on the same important position as developing productive forces, developing environmental protection in accordance with economic laws and taking the road of marketization and industrialization. The Sixth National Environmental Protection Conference held in 2006 clearly pointed out that the key to do a good job in environmental protection under the new situation is to accelerate the realization of "three changes": from emphasizing economic growth to neglecting environmental protection to paying equal attention to environmental protection and economic growth, from environmental protection lagging behind economic development to simultaneous promotion of environmental protection and economic development, and from mainly using administrative measures to comprehensively applying laws, economies, technologies and necessary administrative measures to solve environmental problems. The Seventh National Conference on Environmental Protection held in 2011 emphasized the need to persist in protecting while developing, actively explore new ways of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, effectively solve outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health, and strive to create a new situation in environmental protection work.

　　　　Column 2: Actively explore the new road of environmental protection in China.

　　　　Exploring the new road of environmental protection in China originates from the practice of environmental protection in China for more than 30 years. It is a systematic summary of environmental protection practice in China and a clear banner that leads the environmental protection cause to advance continuously. In the study and practice of Scientific Outlook on Development in 2008, the national environmental protection system reached a consensus to explore a new road of environmental protection in China, which was theoretically refined and summarized by the China Environmental Macro-strategy Research approved by the State Council and jointly carried out by China Academy of Engineering and the Ministry of Environmental Protection. At the annual meeting of the China Committee for International Cooperation in Environment and Development in 2011, Chinese and foreign members and experts attending the meeting gave wide approval to the connotation and goal of actively exploring a new road of environmental protection in China. In recent years, under the guidance of actively exploring new ways of environmental protection, new measures such as joint prevention and control of air pollution, cross-border assessment of key river basins, "one lake, one policy" for lake protection, "promoting governance with awards" for rural environmental protection, total pollutant discharge index as a precondition for project approval, regional industry environmental assessment limit, environmental protection verification of key industries, desulfurization electricity price of coal-fired power plants, emission trading and green credit have been continuously introduced, with remarkable results.

　　　　The connotation of the new road of environmental protection is "low cost, good benefit, low emission and sustainability". "Low cost" means to adhere to the coordination between environmental protection and economic development, and support larger-scale economic activities with as little resource and environmental cost as possible; "Good benefit" means to persist in coordinating environmental protection with economic construction and social construction, and seek the best environmental, economic and social benefits; "Low emission" means adhering to the combination of pollution prevention and environmental treatment, keeping pollutant emission at the lowest level, and minimizing the damage to the environment caused by economic and social activities; "Sustainability" means to adhere to the integration of environmental protection and long-term development, and promote sustainable economic and social development by building a resource-saving and environment-friendly society.

　　　　The fundamental requirement for exploring a new road to environmental protection is to vigorously promote the coordination and integration of environmental protection and economic development. Focusing on the theme of scientific development and the main line of accelerating the transformation of economic development mode, environmental protection should be placed in a more important position, giving full play to the leading, expanding, increasing and reversing role of environmental protection in promoting stable and rapid economic development, optimizing regional layout with environmental capacity, optimizing industrial structure with environmental management, optimizing growth mode with environmental cost, and promoting innovative transformation and green development.

　　　　The core of exploring a new road to environmental protection is to pay attention to safeguarding and improving people’s livelihood. Strengthen the concept of environmental protection for the benefit of the people, concentrate on solving environmental problems related to people’s livelihood, such as heavy metals, chemicals, hazardous wastes and persistent organic pollutants, severely punish environmental violations, earnestly safeguard the public’s environmental rights and interests, and let the people drink clean water, breathe fresh air, eat safe food, and produce and live in a beautiful and livable environment.

　　　　The goal of exploring a new road to environmental protection is to focus on building six systems. First, the macro-strategic system of environmental protection adapted to China’s national conditions; The second is a comprehensive and efficient pollution prevention and control system; Third, a sound environmental quality evaluation system; Fourth, a sound system of environmental protection laws, regulations, policies and scientific and technological standards; Fifth, a complete environmental management and law enforcement supervision system; Sixth, the social action system with the participation of the whole people.

　　　　Column 3: Vigorously promote the construction of ecological civilization

　　　　Building ecological civilization is an important strategic thought and task put forward by our Party, which thoroughly implements Scientific Outlook on Development and is based on the severe reality that the cost of resources and environment is too high in the rapid economic growth. It is an important part of the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s great cause, which points out the direction for solving the outstanding contradiction between man and nature in China at present and in the future, and provides a fundamental guarantee for strengthening ecological environment protection and promoting sustainable economic and social development. According to the report of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, "to build an ecological civilization, the industrial structure, growth mode and consumption pattern of saving energy and resources and protecting the ecological environment will basically be formed. Circular economy has formed a large scale, and the proportion of renewable energy has increased significantly. The discharge of major pollutants has been effectively controlled, and the quality of the ecological environment has been significantly improved. The concept of ecological civilization is firmly established in the whole society. " The Fourth, Fifth and Sixth Plenary Sessions of the Seventeenth Central Committee of the Communist Party of China clearly put forward that socialist economic construction, political construction, cultural construction, social construction and ecological civilization construction should be comprehensively promoted, and the construction of ecological civilization should be included in the overall layout of Socialism with Chinese characteristics’s cause. General Secretary Hu Jintao pointed out, "The essence of building ecological civilization is to build a resource-saving and environment-friendly society based on the carrying capacity of resources and environment, guided by the laws of nature and aimed at sustainable development." Promoting the construction of ecological civilization is an effective way to solve the increasing constraints of resources and environment, an objective need to accelerate the transformation of economic development mode, an inherent requirement to safeguard and improve people’s livelihood, and a strategic choice to seize the commanding heights of future competition in the post-international financial crisis period.

　　　　Environmental protection is the main position and fundamental measure of ecological civilization construction, and it is also the focus and direction of promoting sustainable development. Building ecological civilization is different from pollution control and ecological restoration in the traditional sense, but a process of correcting the disadvantages of industrial civilization and exploring the road of resource-saving and environment-friendly development. It is necessary to make up for the course of industrial civilization and take the road of ecological civilization. Strengthening ecological environmental protection is not to give up the pursuit of development, but to achieve harmony between man and nature, economy, society and resources and environment at a higher level. We must use the strategic vision, strategic thinking and strategic means of building ecological civilization to plan and solve China’s outstanding environmental problems, and actively explore a new road of environmental protection in China. Any achievement or breakthrough in environmental protection is a positive contribution to the construction of ecological civilization. In recent years, China’s environmental protection work has played an important role in solving outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health, coordinating and promoting the reduction of total discharge of major pollutants, improvement of environmental quality, prevention of environmental risks and equalization of public services for urban and rural environmental protection, and fostering and strengthening the ecological economy, improving the quality of the ecological environment and enhancing the awareness of social ecological civilization.

　　　　Box 4: the State Council’s opinion on strengthening the key work of environmental protection

　　　　In October 2011, the State Council issued the Opinions on Strengthening the Key Work of Environmental Protection, which became a programmatic document to thoroughly implement the Scientific Outlook on Development and promote the scientific development of environmental protection in China in the new era. The "Opinions" put forward that, first, we should comprehensively improve the level of supervision and management of environmental protection. Strictly implement the environmental impact assessment system, continue to strengthen the total emission reduction of major pollutants, strengthen environmental law enforcement supervision, effectively prevent environmental risks and properly handle environmental emergencies; Second, efforts should be made to solve outstanding environmental problems that affect scientific development and harm people’s health. Effectively strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution, strictly manage chemical environment, ensure nuclear and radiation safety, deepen comprehensive prevention and control of pollution in key areas, vigorously develop environmental protection industries, accelerate rural environmental protection, and increase ecological protection; Third, we must reform and innovate the environmental protection system and mechanism. We will continue to push forward the historic transformation of environmental protection, take reform and innovation as the driving force, actively explore a new road of environmental protection with low cost, good benefits, low emissions and sustainability, implement economic policies conducive to environmental protection, continuously enhance environmental protection capabilities, improve environmental management systems and working mechanisms, and strengthen leadership and assessment of environmental protection work.

　　　　The Opinions put forward a series of innovative measures. In terms of implementing economic policies that are conducive to environmental protection, the Opinions propose to strictly implement the electricity price policy for flue gas desulfurization in coal-fired power plants, formulate the electricity price policy for denitrification, and give priority to online access for renewable energy power generation, waste heat power generation and waste incineration power generation. Implement differential electricity prices for industries with high energy consumption and high pollution, and implement preferential policies for encouraged enterprises such as sewage treatment, sludge harmless treatment facilities, desulfurization and denitrification facilities and garbage treatment facilities in non-power industries; In terms of environmental responsibility investigation, the Opinions put forward that illegal acts such as starting construction without approval of environmental impact assessment documents, making major changes without authorization during construction, and putting into production without environmental protection acceptance should be investigated for the responsibility of management departments, related enterprises and personnel according to law, strengthening environmental law enforcement supervision and establishing law enforcement responsibility system; In terms of strict environmental management methods, the Opinions put forward that the EIA procedures must be strictly implemented, and the total discharge index of major pollutants should be taken as the precondition for the EIA approval, and the total discharge of industries should be controlled, so as to improve the environmental access standards and emission standards of key industries, and to formulate and revise relevant laws and regulations, and resolutely prohibit the new expansion and reconstruction of projects that increase the total discharge of heavy metal pollutants in key prevention and control areas; In the development of environmental protection industry, the Opinions proposes to increase policy support, expand market demand, encourage the establishment of environmental protection industry development funds through multiple channels, and broaden financing channels for environmental protection industry development. Implement advanced and applicable technology research and development, technical equipment and demonstration projects, and focus on the development of environmental services.Encourage the use of green signs and environmental certification requirements.

　　　　Box 5: Twelfth Five-Year Plan of National Environmental Protection

　　　　In order to promote the scientific development of China’s environmental protection during the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, the State Council issued the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for National Environmental Protection in December 2011. The 12th Five-Year Plan of national environmental protection is an important part of the 12th Five-Year Plan. The Plan takes improving the basic environmental public service system as a key task. By promoting the coordinated development of regional environmental protection, improving the level of rural environmental protection, and strengthening the ability of environmental supervision, it strives to narrow the gap between regions, urban and rural areas in the ability of harmless treatment of sewage and garbage and the ability of environmental monitoring and evaluation, effectively ensuring the safety of drinking water sources in urban and rural areas, so that all citizens can obtain basic environmental public services that are compatible with the level of economic and social development and have roughly equal results. For the first time, the Plan takes strengthening the prevention and control of environmental risks in key areas and maintaining environmental safety as a strategic task, aiming at solving the problem of environmental security in the process of industrialization by improving institutional policies and improving the system of prevention, early warning, response, disposal and recovery. First, strengthen the basic system construction of environmental risk prevention and control. Carry out national environmental risk investigation and assessment, deepen environmental risk management measures, strengthen the foundation of environmental risk management, and improve the security system of full prevention and control. The second is to include heavy metals and chemicals in the focus of risk prevention and control. Strengthen the prevention and control of heavy metal pollution in key industries and regions, intensify the elimination of toxic and harmful chemicals, strictly supervise the chemical environment, and strengthen the prevention and control of chemical risks. The third is to comprehensively strengthen nuclear and radiation safety work.Vigorously improve the safety level of nuclear and radiation, improve the safety level of nuclear energy and nuclear technology utilization, strengthen nuclear and radiation safety supervision and radioactive pollution prevention and control. Fourth, vigorously promote the treatment and disposal of solid waste from the perspective of preventing environmental risks of hazardous waste. We will comprehensively promote the prevention and control of hazardous waste pollution, intensify the prevention and control of industrial solid waste pollution, and improve the level of domestic waste treatment.

In Langlujiayuan Community, Nanshan District, the staff of the garbage removal company are sorting and collecting garbage and transporting it to professional places for further treatment. Shenzhen Special Zone Daily reporter Jong Li correspondent Chen Jiashe

Original title: One-point garbage disposal saves major events. Professionals say that garbage sorting can save a lot of costs from transportation to terminal treatment.

Shenzhen Special Zone News August 17, 2019 Recently, this newspaper reported four modern environmental protection power plants in Shenzhen, which aroused widespread concern in society. Some citizens are wondering, since Shenzhen has such a large amount of garbage incineration and advanced technology, is it necessary to classify garbage? In interviews and surveys, professionals in garbage disposal emphasized that garbage disposal costs a lot, and the mixed garbage disposal process is more complicated. Garbage classification not only saves resources but also reduces the burden of garbage disposal. Only when everyone cares about garbage disposal and starts to do garbage sorting well can the dilemma of "garbage besieged city" be fundamentally alleviated and social spiritual civilization be promoted.

The road from the community to the terminal facilities is long.

The high cost of garbage disposal calls for classification.

The daily average domestic garbage removal in Shenzhen increased from 7.5 tons in 1979 to 19,000 tons in 2018, exceeding 2,500 times, with an annual growth rate of 6%, and with the rapid development of Shenzhen, the growth rate is still increasing year by year. It is understood that some landfills are designed to have a service life of up to ten years or even decades, but they can’t resist the growing amount of garbage. Some landfills are filled in advance and garbage incineration plants are overloaded.

The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau said that while building garbage disposal facilities, the amount of garbage has increased. For many years, Shenzhen garbage disposal facilities have encountered difficulties in site selection, landing and construction. Zhong Rigang, deputy general manager of Shenzhen Energy and Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., who is responsible for the construction and operation of four energy and ecological parks in our city, also believes that "building garbage disposal facilities will cost a lot, not only spending money, but also occupying social resources."

There is still a long journey from the community to the terminal treatment facilities. From the community, it will be transported to the garbage transfer station in the form of vehicle-mounted drums or vehicle-mounted bags, and then it will be reduced in water and compressed, and then it will be pulled to the garbage incineration power plant or sanitary landfill for final treatment by the garbage truck.

"Every link will generate costs. In order to prevent the impact on residents’ lives and the urban environment, in the transportation process, the garbage with odor is transported by special closed vehicles." Zhong Rigang believes that if citizens can reduce their sources at home, they will not use so many more expensive closed cars.

"Garbage came in and was destroyed? Garbage disposal is very complicated. " Zhong Rigang analyzed that if the garbage is not classified as mixed garbage, the treatment standard will be determined according to the most dangerous components, the treatment process is more complicated, and more environmental protection facilities and materials are invested. Despite the garbage disposal facilities, Zhong Rigang appealed that everyone is a garbage producer and should actively participate in garbage sorting, reduce garbage production at the source and share the pressure of garbage disposal. Sorted garbage is more convenient to transport and treat, and reduces the cost.

More than 100 enterprises participate in transportation processing.

Put an end to garbage before sorting and then mixing.

Large pieces of garbage, glass plastic paper, kitchen waste, waste lamps, waste batteries … The reporter saw in Langlujiayuan Community of Nanshan District that these classified garbage were collected and transported by vehicles with different logos and different enterprises. This scene is the normal state of garbage removal in the community that promotes garbage sorting in Shenzhen.

How to ensure classified transportation of classified garbage? Will the garbage that residents have worked hard to sort out be taken away by a car? Huang Zhibin, director of the comprehensive department of Shenzhen Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Management Affairs Center, said that the removal unit was invited by the district governments and had certain qualifications. All kinds of garbage were removed by different removal companies. According to the contract, the types of garbage cleaned by each removal company were different, and the mixed collection and transportation of garbage was eliminated from the system. Due to the different operation projects of enterprises, collecting garbage collected and transported by non-self enterprises will not generate benefits, and enterprises are not driven by interests.

It is reported that there are more than 10 enterprises responsible for the collection, transportation and treatment of waste furniture, waste battery lamps, waste glass plastic paper, annual oranges, waste fabrics, green garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and kitchen garbage in Futian District, more than 20 enterprises in Luohu District, more than 50 enterprises in Baoan District and 10 enterprises in Longgang District, and more than 100 enterprises are responsible for the classified transportation, classified treatment and recycling of garbage in the city.

Remove the floor trash can before the end of the year.

Citizens need to go downstairs and throw garbage.

As early as 2015, Shenzhen began to fully implement garbage sorting. After the garbage is sorted, how to throw it away? In order to improve the participation rate and accuracy of residents, after repeated exploration, Shenzhen is now vigorously promoting the residential waste classification model of "centralized classified delivery+regular fixed-point supervision", that is, there is no trash can on the floor, and centralized classified delivery points are set downstairs. Arrange supervisors to conduct on-site supervision at the centralized waste sorting and dropping point in the community from 7: 00 to 9: 00 every night.

In the first half of 2019, the city built 805 residential areas with the mode of "centralized classified delivery+regular and fixed-point supervision", and implemented the classified delivery of kitchen waste at regular and fixed points (7: 00-9: 00 every night), and recruited party member, volunteers, enthusiastic residents and property managers as supervisors. At present, there are 2,671 supervisors in the city to conduct on-site supervision at 2,630 centralized delivery points in 805 communities, covering a total of 452,000 households and 1.53 million residents, and each centralized delivery point serves about 172 households on average.

According to the Municipal Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, by the end of the year, this model will be extended to all 3,600 residential areas with property management in the city. This means that in many communities where garbage bins are placed on the floors, all these bins should be removed, and garbage sorting points should be set up again in the communities, and the garbage should be carried downstairs for sorting.

At present, Shenzhen is carrying out the action of removing barrels, and strives to completely remove the garbage bins on the residential floors before the end of this year. Although not every residential area has garbage bins on the floor, some residential areas have no garbage bins on the floor since they first moved in. It is necessary to change the habit of throwing garbage when they go out for many years, especially in high-rise residential buildings. Whether residents will adapt and support the withdrawal of buckets will test the relevant departments of the district and street. (Shenzhen Special Zone Daily reporter Lin Qingrong)

　　According to the websites of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council, with the approval of the CPC Central Committee, it was decided to launch a national commendation activity for advanced collectives and individuals working in Taiwan. Guided by the Supreme Leader’s Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the New Era, the selection work thoroughly implements the important exposition of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on Taiwan’s work and the decision-making arrangements of the CPC Central Committee on Taiwan’s work, meets the important instructions of the Supreme Leader’s General Secretary on "loyalty to the party, professionalism and strict discipline", and strictly implements the procedures of grassroots recommendation and "two trials and three publicity". According to the standards of strong leadership, good team building, outstanding work performance and good response from the masses, 20 units including Taiwan Province Work Office of Xicheng District Committee of the Communist Party of China were selected as "advanced collectives in the national Taiwan work system", and 50 comrades including Jin Xiuqing were selected as "advanced individuals in the national Taiwan work system" according to the standards of excellent political quality, outstanding professional ability, exemplary compliance with the system regulations and recognition by cadres and the masses.

　　Carrying out the national commendation activities for Taiwan’s work system fully reflects the great importance attached by the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core to Taiwan’s work, and the cordial care and encouragement for all comrades in the Taiwan work system. Under the guidance of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought of the Supreme Leader in the New Era, all comrades in the work system for Taiwan should fully implement the spirit of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China and the Second, Third, Fourth and Fifth Plenary Sessions of the 19th Congress, unite more closely around the CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the core, further strengthen the "four consciousnesses", strengthen the "four self-confidences" and achieve the "two safeguards", and constantly improve political judgment, political understanding and political execution. Take the commended units and individuals as examples, learn from the advanced, strive to be the advanced, always adhere to the political character of loyalty to the party, professional expertise and strict discipline, and always maintain the spirit of taking responsibility, pioneering and pioneering, so as to promote the peaceful development and integrated development of cross-strait relations, promote the process of peaceful reunification of the motherland and contribute to the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.

　　Annex: 1. Advanced collective of the national Taiwan work system

　　2. Advanced individuals in the national Taiwan work system

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Taiwan Province Work Office Taiwan Province Affairs Office of the State Council

　　October 15, 2021

　　Annex 1

　　Advanced collective of the national Taiwan work system

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of Xicheng District Committee of CPC Beijing Municipality

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of Tianjin Binhai New Area Committee of CPC

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of Qiqihar Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China

　　Party Committee of Taiwan Province Work Office of CPC Shanghai Municipal Committee

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of Huaian Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of Jiaxing Municipal Committee of CPC

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of Hefei Municipal Committee of CPC

　　CPC Xiamen Haicang District Committee, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Work Office

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of CPC Nanchang Municipal Committee

　　Shandong Province Ji ‘nan Jiyang District Taiwan Economic Development Service Center

　　Publicity Office of Taiwan Province Work Office of CPC Henan Provincial Committee

　　CPC Huangshi Municipal Committee Taiwan Province Work Office

　　Dongguan Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Work Office

　　Haikou Taiwan Province Affairs Office

　　Taiwan Province Work Office of CPC Lanzhou Municipal Committee

　　The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China Taiwan Province work office secretariat.

　　Department of Utilization of Foreign Capital and Overseas Investment of National Development and Reform Commission (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office) Overseas Investment Division 4

　　Department of International Cooperation and Exchange of Ministry of Education (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office) Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Office

　　Taiwan Province Office of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Department of Commerce

　　Association of Medical Exchanges Across the Taiwan Straits

　　Annex 2

　　Advanced individuals in the national Taiwan work system

　　Jin Xiuqing (female)Director of the Second Division of the Taiwan Affairs Office of Beijing Municipal Committee, Deputy Secretary of the Party Committee and Secretary of the Discipline Inspection Commission.

　　Jia YufeiChief, Comprehensive Section, Taiwan Affairs Office, Haidian District Committee, Beijing

　　Liu YuDeputy Director of the United Front Work Department of Tianjin Heping District Committee and Director of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the District Committee

　　Han minghuiChief, United Front Work Section, United Front Work Department, Xingtai Municipal Committee, Hebei Province

　　Feng Yanqin (female)Deputy Director of Yuci District People’s Government Office, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, Director of District Taiwan Affairs Office

　　Shi hongbinChief of Section 6 of United Front Work Department of Wulanchabu Municipal Committee of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region

　　Liu WeiminDirector of Party Committee Office (Secretariat) of Taiwan Affairs Office of Liaoning Provincial Committee

　　Ma PengfeiDirector of Taiwan Exchange and Communication Department and Taiwan Propaganda Department of United Front Work Department of Jilin Municipal Committee, Jilin Province

　　Sun YichangFirst-level Director of Liaison Office of Taiwan Affairs Office of Shanghai Municipal Committee

　　He Wenqian (female)Shanghai Taiwan compatriots service center publicity and exchange section management level 8 staff

　　Hu Jinmei (female)Director of the Secretariat of Taiwan Affairs Office of Nanjing Municipal Committee of Jiangsu Province

　　He Rongrong (female)Director of Taiwan Affairs Office of Kunshan Municipal Committee, Jiangsu Province

　　ZhujiangchuanDirector of Taiwan Affairs Office of Beilun District Committee, Ningbo City, Zhejiang Province

　　Huang xuemingDeputy Director, Changxing County Committee Office, Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province

　　Wu Zhoumei (female)Director of Taiwanese Business Service Center in Maanshan City, Anhui Province

　　Chen Shaocong (female)Director of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of Taijiang District Committee, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province

　　Chen YuzhongChief of Liaison Section, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office, Quanzhou Municipal Committee, Fujian Province

　　Wu JialiangDeputy Director of Jinxi County Committee Office, Fuzhou City, Jiangxi Province

　　Liu Bing (female)Chief, Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Section, Taiwan Affairs Office, Huangdao District Committee, Qingdao, Shandong Province

　　Li Na (female)Chief, Taiwan Province Affairs Section, United Front Work Department, Jingzhou Municipal Committee, Hubei Province

　　RongyiDirector of Taiwan Compatriots Reception Office, Zhuzhou City, Hunan Province

　　Li Jia (female)Head of Foreign Affairs, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Province Affairs Group, Xiangtan County Committee Office, Xiangtan City, Hunan Province

　　Lin QingheDirector of Taiwan Affairs Office of Zhongshan Municipal Committee of Guangdong Province

　　Deng Hongping (female, Zhuang nationality)Executive Deputy Minister and Director of Taiwan Affairs Office of the United Front Work Department of Longlin Autonomous County Committee, Baise City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

　　Jiang Xin (female)First-level Director of Personnel Secretariat of Taiwan Affairs Office of Chongqing Municipal Committee

　　Zhang tongChief of Liaison Section, Taiwan Affairs Office, Yuzhong District Committee, Chongqing Municipality

　　Chen ZhilongSecond-level Director, Comprehensive Research Division, Taiwan Affairs Office of Sichuan Provincial Committee

　　Wang liancaoChief of Taiwan Economic Section, Taiwan Affairs Office, Yibin Municipal Committee, Sichuan Province

　　Wang Ruoyi (Miao nationality)Chief, United Front Work Section, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, United Front Work Department, Anshun Municipal Committee of Guizhou Province

　　Zhao Chunli (female)Chief, Taiwan Affairs Section, United Front Work Department, Baoshan Municipal Committee, Yunnan Province

　　Liu ChangfengDeputy Director of Taiwan Province Work Department of United Front Work Department of Xizang Autonomous Region Party Committee

　　Wang Ling (female)Taiwan Province Affairs Section Chief, Taiwan Affairs Office, Ankang Municipal Committee, Shaanxi Province

　　Qiang Ying (female)Director of Taiwan Affairs Office of United Front Work Department of Yan ‘an Municipal Committee of Shaanxi Province

　　Ye Qing (female, Tu nationality)Third-level Chief Clerk of Comprehensive Section (Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs Section) of Taiwan, Hong Kong and Macao Affairs Office of Xining Municipal Committee, Qinghai Province

　　Wang Yang (female)Deputy Director of Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Affairs Office of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region Committee

　　Cha Rong (female)Third-level Director of Economic Exchange Department of Taiwan Affairs Office of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Committee

　　Chen Lijuan (female)Section Chief, United Front Work Department (Taiwan Affairs Office), Shihezi Municipal Committee, Eighth Division, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps

　　Lu YulinFirst-class director of the research department of the Taiwan Affairs Department of the Liaison Office of Hong Kong

　　Wang XinFirst-level Director of Propaganda and Research Department of Taiwan Affairs Department of Liaison Office of Macao.

　　Xiao Mingjuan (female)Director of the Second Division of the Research Bureau of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee

　　Tan Cai (female)First-level director of the Party Committee Office of the Taiwan Affairs Office of the Central Committee

　　Chen Xiaoxing (female)Senior Editor, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan Department, Overseas Edition of People’s Daily

　　Liu Chaonan (female)The Taiwan Affairs Office of the All-China Federation of Trade Unions manages seven-level staff.

　　Luo Yanwen (female)Secretary of the Communist Youth League Committee of Kunshan Economic Development Zone, Jiangsu Province

　　Li yujunProject Director of China International Science and Technology Exchange Center

　　Xu RongkunAssistant to the second-level judge of the trial court of Taiwan-related cases in Xiamen Intermediate People’s Court, Fujian Province

　　Zhao Ying (female)Technical Director of China Institute of Electronic Technology Standardization

　　Xia yongxingDeputy Chief of the Office of National Security Corps of Chongqing Public Security Bureau

　　Fu Shuangqi (female)Senior reporter of Xinhua news agency’s foreign news editorial department

　　Chen xuanshiReporter of Chinese Global Program Center of Central Radio and Television General Station

　　"I am a magnet to attract money … …” In the venue of a hotel in Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, more than 100 "students" from the audience shouted together with Yang Taoming, the "master of success" on the stage. In the student’s description, Yang Taoming claimed that he could sell a hair for 60,800 yuan.

　　On April 16th, Beijing Youth Daily reporter learned from the police that Yang Taoming, a "master of success", and his team had been investigated for fraud by Haishu Branch of Ningbo Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province, and more than 30 people had been detained by the police. According to the police handling the case of the Economic Investigation Brigade of Haishu Public Security Bureau, Yang Taoming is a pseudonym, and he only has a high school education.

　　After claiming to transmit "cosmic energy", students can swallow torches and step on charcoal.

　　On February 22nd, a training course entitled "Super Persuasion" led by Yang Taoming, a master of success, and sponsored by Zhejiang Attractive Culture Communication Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as Attractive Company) was held in Ningbo, Zhejiang, with hundreds of participants.

　　The company once published an article claiming that Yang Taoming is "a world-renowned speaker, an authority on the potential development of Chinese in the world, a best-selling author, a mentor for small and medium-sized enterprises, and the chairman of Attractive Culture Communication Co., Ltd., a piece of white paper can be sold for 40,000 yuan, a doll for 46,000 yuan, and a hair for 60,000 yuan … …”

　　The article also said that Yang Taoming was promoted by the world’s top experts, which stimulated his potential, detonated his inner energy and changed his life.

　　Another article, "Teacher Yang Tao (Tao) Ming started to register at the fire-fighting meeting in December, breaking through inner fears and inspiring unlimited potential! The article pointed out that the way for Yang Taoming to stimulate his potential is that after he passed on "cosmic energy" to the students, the students can swallow torches, female students chop boards, and step on hot coals barefoot … …

　　Both articles are accompanied by an advertisement to sign up for the lecture of "Master of Success".

　　The reporter of Beiqing Daily interviewed several students who had taken the Yang Taoming course. They all said, "These disguises are the beginning of a trap. He (Yang Taoming) only taught us how to brag and then followed his words ‘ Pull the head ’ To attract more people to attend classes. "

　　Yang Xiao (a pseudonym) is a treasure mother. She attended Yang Taoming’s "Success Speech" for three consecutive days from February 22nd. Yang Xiao said that during these three days, nearly 700 students (including old students) participated, and the daily course time lasted from 9 am to 12: 30 pm.

　　Yang Xiao said that the courses taught these days are mainly "10 steps of persuasion". In the process of sharing these contents, the other party will also be interspersed with many so-called success stories. There are "so-and-so earned 2,000 yuan a month before, and now he earns 100,000 yuan a month after he tried his best to attend my class" and "so-and-so immediately talked about a big bill of more than 1 million yuan after listening to the class" … … There will also be students talking about how successful they have become after signing up for courses in Yang Taoming.

　　"He never talks about how to succeed, but keeps stressing ‘ After this man studied with me, he succeeded and became rich ’ 。” She said, "even if you talk about the content, it is only the basic marketing knowledge and politeness."

　　Constantly selling credit cards to buy classes ranges from 5,800 yuan to 600,000 yuan.

　　For the purpose of training courses, Yang Xiao thinks that it is to let students buy training courses in Yang Taoming. She said that the first afternoon, she was invited to the stage.

　　"I didn’t know what I was going to do when I went to the stage. Later, I learned that it was originally necessary for us to swipe our cards to buy classes." She told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that after the students took the stage, the staff would lead the students under the stage and once again improve the recognition of the students on the stage. The "mentor" on the stage would also constantly emphasize that "as long as you sign up for my class, you have already succeeded. Half", so that the students on the stage will always be excited and recognized, and constantly encourage them to swipe their cards to learn the following courses.

　　Xiang Yang (a pseudonym) from Jiangsu is Yang Xiao’s fellow "students" and was assigned to different groups. She was introduced by a friend. She showed several live videos to the reporter of Beiqing Daily. In the video, the students were grouped and sat in the center of the venue, and a staff member stood by every few rows. Yang Taoming shouted on the stage, "Raise your hand if you have the courage to let everyone know!"

　　Many people in the audience raised their hands and rushed straight to the stage. Others raised their hands and quickly put them down. At this time, the staff standing by came forward to persuade the "students" who had raised their hands to take the stage.

　　"As long as you have the courage to come to power, you can increase your chances of success … …” Encouraged by the enthusiastic "students" on and off the stage, several people got on the stage.

　　"Friends who are on stage today have a special reward." Yang Taoming said that he had a 7-day training in the near future, and the price was 70,000 yuan. "And friends who came to power today, I only charge you 30,000 yuan!"

　　In the video, a student said that he had financial difficulties. Yang Taoming said to him, "We all know your situation. In the past, I had a student who wanted to attend a class, and then signed up with a credit card. Eight credit cards were maxed out. After listening to the class, he later succeeded." Under the contrast of the audience, the students on the stage had to promise to pay the money.

　　Yang Xiao said that he was recommended a course of 5,800 yuan, and the course of 30,000 yuan the next day. After that, there were courses of 50,000 yuan and 140,000 yuan to choose from, among which the most expensive "one-to-one course" was as high as 600,000 yuan.

　　Yang Xiao and Xiang Yang told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that on February 22nd, they saw about 30 people who bought a course with a credit card of 5,800 yuan, and there may be more than 20 people who bought a course with a credit card of 30,000 yuan on the 23rd, and several students bought a course with a credit card of 140,000 yuan privately. Yang Xiao said that there is an elder sister in her group, claiming that she also bought a successful course for her husband and daughter, which cost a total of 720,000 yuan.

　　The two recalled that after experiencing the speech of the "Master of Success", the whole person’s brain and body were in a state of serious exhaustion. "We didn’t have time to think, just followed their emotions on the spot, and we didn’t have time to think about what we had learned. We either paid for it with the help of the team, or we stepped down despondently." Yang Xiao said, especially after getting out of that exciting and passionate environment, he realized the horror of this "speech". He said, "Some students in the audience will cry bitterly, and some will stand on the stool and cheer."

　　Later, with the help of "Li Xu Anti-transmission and Fraud Prevention Team", she and several students reported the case to Ningbo police, believing that these training courses were suspected of pyramid selling and were harmful training.

　　In April last year, Mr. He, the husband of Ms. Liu from Zhejiang, fell into a "lecture on success" in Yang Taoming, and has not returned since she left home.

　　Ms. Liu said, "When he (my husband) went, he first paid a registration fee of 2,000 yuan, and later paid 60,000 yuan to those people by swiping a credit card." Ms. Liu told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that she reported the case when she found something was wrong, but after that, the couple quarreled every day because of this matter.

　　By the end of September last year, Mr. He left home in a fit of pique, and so far he hasn’t come home. No matter how to persuade his family, it’s useless. After Ms. Liu sent him some information, all the contact information of Ms. Liu was blacked out. For those who advised him to return to his family, he left a sentence: "There are many kinds of people, I will filter them, I will absorb what is useful to me, and I will ignore what is useless. What about you, you are a person who will hit a person when he is down." And said, "I am very grateful to Teacher Yang".

　　More than 30 "successful masters" and their team were arrested by the police for alleged fraud.

　　"In fact, let us brainwash ourselves first." Mr. He, a former "disciple" of Yang Taoming, told the reporter of Beiqing Daily that he originally had his own career, but later he was introduced to study in Yang Taoming because of operational difficulties. He was also brainwashed in the activity, and he paid the money in a muddle. He can learn the content, but how to "pull the head" through the script and guide the students to pay the money on stage.

　　Later, Mr. He showed the contents of the script to the reporter of Beiqing Daily. The first article of the "Top Ten Success Rules of the Company" was "Company First, Teacher Yang First". The script described in detail the different reasons for dealing with different students and how to guide them to pay the money, and mentioned "gratitude" and "success" many times … … The number of words in the whole speech script is as high as 16 thousand words.

　　"They verbally promised that as long as the head is pulled and the deal is made, it will give a certain cash back, or become a benchmark created by Teacher Yang. Now think about it, it is brainwashing and cheating! Teach us to brag and eat. " Mr. He said that many so-called Yang Taoming disciples were brainwashed into abandoning their homes and careers, constantly inventing success stories and frantically urging newcomers to pay.

　　With the same experience, Ms. Zhang from Quzhou, Zhejiang Province, signed up for a course in Yang Taoming in order to lay a foundation for her own business, and paid tens of thousands of yuan in tuition fees on the spot. "In the future, every time we participated in the training, we were asked to pay in various ways. Later, I even mortgaged the property and paid a total of 240,000 yuan." Ms. Zhang said that after that, the only training Yang Taoming gave her was "pulling people’s heads".

　　On April 16th, the reporter of Beiqing Daily learned that Yang Taoming and his team, the "master of success", have been investigated for fraud by Haishu Branch of Ningbo Public Security Bureau, Zhejiang Province, and more than 30 people have been detained by the police.

　　According to the police handling the case of the Economic Investigation Brigade of Haishu Public Security Bureau, Yang Taoming is a pseudonym, and he only has a high school education. "At present, we are visiting victims all over the country to collect evidence. This stage will last for a long time, and the specific details of the case are not convenient to disclose." He said. (Text/Reporter Wang Haoxiong Coordinator/Sun Huili)

"Since the 1960s, the light industrial products produced in Shanghai have experienced unprecedented prosperity in the next 30 years, just like the sudden arrival of midsummer, the irresistible bright sun."

In the memory of Chen Danyan, a Shanghai writer, once all China sneakers were the best-looking warrior in Shanghai, all China butterscotch was the most fragrant white rabbit in Shanghai, and all China quilts and quilts were more respectable and solid in Shanghai. Gradually, Phoenix brand bicycles replaced British Blue Ridge bicycles, Butterfly brand sewing machines replaced American Singer sewing machines, and Shanghai brand films replaced European and American Aikefa and Kodak. A foreigner will take home all the daily necessities he bought in Shanghai. The travel bag he uses is light and strong, with the skyline of the Bund printed on it. The bag is also from Shanghai and is called "Shanghai Brand".

It is these local brands in Shanghai that jointly safeguarded the decency of Chinese people’s daily life in the last century. Now it’s been 30 years, what about those old brands in Shanghai? Since the second half of 2019, Chen Danyan has successively investigated the history and present situation of 40 old brands of light industry in Shanghai, and found that some of them have opened up a new world in line with the trend of the times, some have disappeared in the years, and some have struggled to make ends meet. As a supplement to the new edition of Shanghai in Chen Danyan, this part is presented in an independent chapter.

On February 25th, "What’s Shanghai like in Chen Danyan?" The sharing meeting will be held in the library. Looking at Chen Danyan’s "Shanghai brand all-steel watch", "Butterfly brand sewing machine", "Phoenix brand bicycle" and "Jinxing brand TV set" released in PPT, the readers were full of enthusiasm. Some of them are Shanghai natives, and they talk about what they saw when they were children. Some came from other places, saying that her parents had recalled the scene of shopping in Shanghai when they got married, and the couple specially came to Shanghai to buy a pair of Shanghai brand watches when she got married; Some were German students who came to China in the 1970s, and he still brings back several big bags of white rabbit toffee at the request of German relatives and friends. Others even suggested that Shanghai should set up a museum of light industrial products, and display all the old objects produced in Shanghai one by one, so as to jointly commemorate the time when materials were scarce but practical and romantic.

The life of an era

In fact, these 40 old brands can be found in Chen Danyan’s works. In Shanghai’s nonfiction trilogy (Shanghai’s romance, Shanghai’s golden branches and jade leaves, Shanghai’s legacy of beauty) and the Bund’s nonfiction trilogy (The Bund: Images and Legends, The Maze of Public Gardens, Becoming a Peace Hotel), Chen Danyan intentionally or unintentionally left many detailed and accurate information about objects.

For example, The Bund: Images and Legends published in 2008 wrote: "Her fiance bought a full set of high-quality household items in the Friendship Store for her family: Shanghai brand all-steel watch, Butterfly brand sewing machine, Phoenix brand bicycle and Venus brand TV set." Another example is: "Countless quilts with blue uniforms and red flowers are flying in the wind, and sometimes you can see the pure wool blanket of Phoenix brand, weaving a pattern of small flowers on all sides of a big flower group. That was the most conspicuous blanket of the year, because it was the blanket laid on the bed when Jinjiang Hotel received the President of the United States. "　

"When I first wrote these six books, I didn’t expect that one day, I would get to the bottom of these old Shanghai brands that appeared in the books. At that time, they were written in detail, mainly because they were non-fiction works and demanded more details than novels. When I did a good job of research and wrote a sentence of comments for them, I found that we could gain insight into the face of Shanghai living in that era. " Chen Danyan told The Paper that they are not only the material life of Shanghainese, but also the spirit of Shanghai.

In the process of investigation, she found Huang Mingxu, the former party secretary of Shanghai Pencil Factory No.2, to check the historical materials. Huang Mingxu is over the age of seventy, and he doesn’t know much about computers. However, he was very excited when he learned about Chen Danyan’s purpose, and told her that he would definitely help her, because no writer had ever asked him to know about the history of light industry in Shanghai-even though it was a glorious history.

Huang Mingxu is still the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Light Industry Chronicle, and he is in charge of tracing the history of Shanghai Light Industry.　

"Most of these old Shanghai brands emerged around the 1960s. At that time, everyone had a strong desire to contribute more to the construction of this country." Later, Chen Danyan discovered that there was an almost naive optimism, a kind of temperament of "let’s paddle" desperately. This spirit and temperament are shown in bright blue, red, yellow and changeable green. Especially for the use of green, grass green reminds people of the genuine trousers of teenagers in the 1970s, while gray green reminds people of the special green in the Shanghai Month brand.

"Shanghai is a city that maintains and respects daily life, but its spirit has always had the ideal of being one in the world and walking side by side with Britain and the United States." Chen Danyan said.

A simple and naive beauty

In Chen Danyan’s view, Shanghai’s light industrial products and handicrafts have actually provided a socialist city lifestyle in the long process of urbanization transformation in China. However, after the reform and opening up, the lifestyle brought by China’s own handicrafts and light industrial products, as well as people’s thinking and practice in daily life, gradually disappeared from the products provided by supermarkets and luxury goods markets all over the world.

Let’s talk about the "Shanghai bag" that is all the rage. With the gradual opening of the luggage market in 1990s, brands all over the world sold in Chinese mainland, and Shanghai brand bags were gradually discontinued. When Chen Danyan began to look for its trademark right, it found that "Shanghai Brand Bags" did not exist and could not register trademark patents. Later, she went to find its manufacturer, and also found the Shanghai Leather Luggage Factory, which was the most likely and should be the manufacturer in that year. But no one in the whole factory knew the production details, except that it was the planned economy era in Shanghai when this kind of bag was sold nationwide, and the Shanghai Light Industry Bureau sent orders to various factories in Shanghai for production, and the products were uniformly distributed and sold by the state.　

Many other old brands that have existed so far have also changed from the original "trendy benchmark" to "standard for middle-aged and elderly people". "At that time, the economic life was not developed, and the product first pursued practicality and durability, and then it was fashionable and beautiful." So she thought, is it possible to make those once popular products fashionable and beautiful, and make them become brands acceptable to everyone, especially young people?

In this way, Chen Danyan began his first attempt-redoing the bag printed with the word "Shanghai". In The Bund: Images and Legends, she once wrote about this kind of Shanghai brand bag: "The sketches of the skyline of the Bund buildings were printed on all kinds of artificial leather bags produced in Shanghai from 1960s to 1980s for the first time, and the word’ Shanghai’ was printed above the skyline. This style is simple, strong and durable, and it is equipped with zippered bags and travel bags. Because of its good quality, it is welcomed by Chinese. In the deep hinterland of China, it is a symbol of fashion. "

Chen Danyan’s new bag still uses the word "Shanghai", but it has made changes in shape and accessories to adapt to the current aesthetics, and has also made more explorations in material diversification. "When people see it at first sight, they will immediately feel that this is the bag my mother took when she was a child. This is the bag my father took when he was a child. There are very warm memories of our generation. I will think that when this bag is opened, it is the big steamed bread they brought back from the canteen, then the Reference News, and occasionally the white rabbit toffee. "　

"I think we can slowly leave the part of our lifestyle that has a common memory. They are urban heritages that are easier to disappear than buildings, but more likely to resonate. If we can do this, the lifestyle of this city is both economical and practical, as well as our simple and naive beauty. " She told the The Paper reporter, "I hope that our domestic products in Shanghai can return again and be regarded as the national trend by more young people. Only in this way can these old brands consciously adapt to the current aesthetics, not only satisfied with’ living’, but also pursuing’ living well’. "　

[Attachment] Notes made by Chen Danyan for Shanghai brand in Shanghai, Chen Danyan (part)

Shanghai brand watch

In July, 1955, the Shanghai Light Industry Bureau organized 58 masters in the watch industry in Shanghai to fight day and night for more than 50 days, and made 18 prototypes of fine horse and waterproof mechanical watches by hand, which should be regarded as the ancestor of China watches. In 1958, Shanghai Watch Factory officially established a factory and produced the first batch of Shanghai brand watches. On July 1st, 1958, Shanghai brand watches were listed in the third department store in Shanghai, and customers queued to buy them, which became a fashion in China for a while. In the late 1960s, the technicians of the watch factory selected a word "Shang" and a word "Hai" from Mao Zedong’s handwriting, and put them together into a hair style. This "Shanghai" trademark has been in use ever since. In the 1960s, Chinese, who wore a watch, had a Shanghai brand watch flashing "self-reliance" on every four wrists.　

Seagull license camera

In the early 1960s, China’s national defense, public security, news, medical care, scientific research, sports and other fields urgently needed domestic advanced SLR cameras. In the case of a rather weak industrial base, Shanghai Camera Factory was ordered to successfully develop the first advanced SLR camera in China-Shanghai DF-7 in 1964. As the first advanced SLR camera in China, Seagull camera has been well-known at home and abroad since 1960s. In that era when food and entertainment were scarce, owning a seagull license camera could make you the coolest person in Shanghai.　

Phoenix bicycle

Phoenix bicycle originated from Tongchang bicycle shop, the first bicycle shop in China in 1897, with a history of one hundred years. In May 1958, Shanghai No.3 Bicycle Factory was established, and the brand was born in the late 1950s. In the process of development, its technology is mainly independent research and development, pursuing innovation. In 2010, we reformed the system, built our own production base, and built a perfect production and supply system. Since the trademark "Phoenix" was marked on January 1, 1959, nearly 200 million consumers around the world have chosen Phoenix bicycle products.　

Butterfly sewing machine

In 1927, China’s first domestic sewing machine was born in Xiechang Sewing Machine Factory, named "Red Lion Brand". In 1940, "Red Lion" was renamed "Golden Lion". In 1946, the "Golden Lion Brand" was renamed as "Invincible Brand", which means "Beating the invincible hand in the world". In 1966, in order to avoid the suspicion of "four old" and to unify the names of Chinese and English trademarks in domestic and foreign trade, "Invincible Brand" was renamed "Butterfly Brand". In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a great honor for anyone to have a butterfly or bee sewing machine, and they were also the most important dowry for a married woman.　

Jinxing brand color TV

Jinxing brand color TV is a famous brand product of the former Shanghai TV Machine Factory (now Shanghai Radio and Television Group Co., Ltd.), which once had quite high praise and popularity. In 1978, the state approved Shanghai TV Machine Factory to introduce the first color TV production line in China. In October 1982, the color TV production line was officially completed, producing Jinxing brand color TV. Since then, Venus, as a landmark product in Shanghai, has won various national honors. In 2000, Jinxing brand color TV was eliminated in the market competition. In 2003, Jinxing brand color TV stopped production.

Baiyu toothpaste

Baiyu toothpaste is the oldest domestic toothpaste sold in the market so far, with a history of nearly 90 years, which is produced by Shanghai Toothpaste Factory. Its predecessor was China Chemical Industry Society founded in 1912. The first toothpaste in China-Samsung brand toothpaste is produced by this factory. In 1967, it was changed to Shanghai Toothpaste Factory, which is the birthplace of China Toothpaste Industry. Toothpastes with different names were produced all over China in 1950s, and most of them were obtained from Shanghai Toothpaste Factory.　

Taikang yellow card spicy soy sauce

At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, the use of spicy soy sauce was extended from western food to other foods in Shanghai. Spicy soy sauce is used in fried pork chops in Shanghai western food and in Luo Songtang. Local food, such as raw fried steamed bread, ribs rice cake and dry fried hairtail, is sometimes dipped in spicy soy sauce. In 1933, Meilin Canning Co., Ltd. first produced spicy soy sauce in Shanghai, using Meilin brand Golden Shield trademark; In 1960, the spicy soy sauce product line of Meilin Canning Co., Ltd. was handed over to Taikang Food Factory for production, renamed as "Shanghai Spicy Soy Sauce" and changed to Jinji brand trademark. In 1990, the Golden Rooster brand of Taikang Factory was changed to Taikang Yellow Card and Taikang Blue Card. Taikang spicy soy sauce is still produced and sold in Shanghai.　

Sullivan cookies from Yimin food factory

Sullivan biscuit is a biscuit brand produced by American Sullivan Candy and Biscuit Co., Ltd., which was founded in 1922. Sullivan Company mainly produces and distributes candy, biscuits, bread and other foods, which are very popular in Shanghai. In 1954, Sullivan Company was renamed Shanghai Yimin No.4 Food Factory. Most of Sullivan biscuits were renamed Taikang biscuits and continued to be welcomed by the public. In 1997, Yimin No.7 Factory and other parts were reorganized into Shanghai Guanshengyuan Yimin Food Co., Ltd. to continue to produce biscuits and sweets.　

strauss

Shanghai is the birthplace of Chinese musical instrument manufacturing industry. Shanghai Piano Co., Ltd., founded in 1895, is the first piano manufacturing enterprise in China. In 1916, Strauss piano registered its trademark in Shanghai. In 1958, the first piano produced by China’s national industry, the Strauss piano, was born here. In 1963, the company presided over the drafting and formulation of the first piano industry standard in China.

Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, July 25th (Reporter Gong Bing, Wan Pung Chow, Zhao Yan) The Tokyo Olympic Games, which was postponed for one year, finally opened, and the athletes who had been preparing for the war for five years finally had a chance to display their fists and feet. Whether it’s the joy of Sun Yiwen’s sword to seal his throat or the frustration of two-time Olympic champion Wu Jingyu who missed the medal, it’s all part of life.

Sticking to Tokyo is a blessing for athletes and even more so for sports.

The same is true for rowers, who are dormant for five years and released once. 522 athletes are competing in the Haizhisen Water Arena, which is located between two reclamation areas in Tokyo Bay. This figure ranks among the top in the number of individual athletes in the Olympic Games. Rowing, kayaking and sailing share the reputation of water-based sports (a total of 40 gold medals).

Rowing is not well-known in China, and people may still leave the impression that Tang Bin, Jin Ziwei, Xi Aihua and Zhang Yangyang won the first gold medal in rowing in China in the women’s quadruple sculls final at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. But rowing enjoys a high reputation in the international sports world, as well as in the Olympic Games.

Want to know the story behind the rowing boat? Let the reporter tell you the correct way to open the rowing boat.

Knowledge point 1: It has a long history.

Rowing originated in England. In 1775, Britain formulated the first competition rules and established a rowing club. In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition on the Thames, which is regarded as the origin of modern rowing, and this competition continues to this day.

Rowing was originally included in the first Olympic Games in 1896. Although it could not be held because of the weather, rowing has entered the history of modern Olympic Games. At the 1900 Paris Olympic Games, the men’s rowing competition was held. In 1976, the Montreal Olympic Games set up a women’s rowing event.

On July 20th, the men’s quadruple sculls of China rowing team were in training. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zheng Huansong photo

In 1892, the International Rowing Federation was established in Italy and became the first member of the International Olympic Committee. Coubertin, the second president of the International Olympic Committee and the father of the modern Olympic movement, was a rower.

Rowing is one of the earliest modern sports in China. In 1859, there was rowing in the modern sports competition held in Waitanyuan, the intersection of Huangpu River and Suzhou River.

Knowledge point 2: Evergreen

There is no fierce physical confrontation in rowing competition, rather than a contest between opponents, it is a process of surpassing oneself. Rowers often have a long sports career, and athletes who have participated in more than three Olympic Games can be found everywhere. They became famous when they were young, and they still galloped in the field when they were not confused.

Redgrave, a famous British rower, won gold medals in five consecutive Olympic Games. Olaf Tift, a 45-year-old Norwegian rower, appeared in the Tokyo Olympic Games, which was his seventh Olympic Games.

Knowledge point 3: the pearl in the crown

There are 14 events in the Olympic rowing competition, including single, double, four and eight events, including single paddle and double paddle, which not only tests individuals, but also competes with teams.

Among them, the best rowers often appear in the single sculls event, which is the only event that relies entirely on the athletes’ strong personal ability. Players who win Olympic gold medals usually enjoy heroic honors.

But to say who is the jewel in the crown, it must be an eight-person boat.

Eight-person boat is the only rowing event in the Olympic Games that retains the helmsman. Because rowers compete with their backs to the finish line, the helmsman becomes the only one facing the finish line, so the eight-person boat is actually a cooperative project of nine athletes. The helmsman is the soul of the team, controlling the direction, grasping the rhythm, judging the situation and inspiring teammates. The eighth position closest to the helmsman is often the core member of the eight-person boat, which controls the paddle frequency rhythm of the whole boat. The rowers in the middle are called power rowers, and they need to paddle powerfully to make the rowing boat move forward quickly. At the No.1 and No.2 positions near the bow, the rowers should keep the balance of the boat while rowing. Eight-person boat is the perfect combination of athletes’ individual ability and team spirit.

The eight-person boat has the fastest speed, the neatest cooperation and the strongest strength display in rowing. If you overlook the game from the air by aerial photography, the appreciation of the final of the eight-person boat can only be described in one word: awesome! The final of the eight-person boat has always been the finale of the Olympic Games.

On July 24th, the players of China team competed in the women’s eight-person single-paddle helmsman preliminary round. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zheng Huansong photo

Rowing competition is often fierce, and the medals in an Olympic Games are usually scattered. If you can win two or three gold medals, you will be regarded as a rowing power.

Knowledge point 4: aristocratic movement? Civilian movement?

In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition on the Thames, which was regarded by many as the origin of modern rowing. Since then, modern rowing has been inseparable from prestigious schools, which are closely related to the aristocratic class. Rowing is highly respected by the upper and middle class in Britain. This kind of team event requires tacit cooperation and etiquette of the players, as well as the support of family members. Rowing provides a social place for the upper class.

Different from the previous aristocratic and elite, rowing has become a national sport in Britain after entering the modern society. There are hundreds of rowing clubs in Britain, most of which are located in communities. Many British middle schools regard rowing as one of the important extracurricular activities for students.

In China, rowing is no longer as hard to reach as it used to be. There is a rowing club in Shunyi Olympic Water Park, and the holding of events such as land rowing, enterprise masters and prestigious schools has also stimulated people’s interest in rowing. On the one hand, rowing keeps its "aristocratic attribute" of respecting etiquette, on the other hand, it is accelerating the popularization and marketization, and the development space is increasingly broad.

Knowledge point 5: Olympic love

China rowing has won 1 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze in previous Olympic Games, involving 23 athletes. Among them, the first medal was won in 1988, and the first gold medal was won in 2008. After 13 years, is China rowing expected to see gold again?

On July 20th, the women’s quadruple sculls of China rowing team were in training. Xinhua News Agency reporter Du Yiyi photo

Judging from the current situation, the women’s quadruple sculls team of China, the world champion in 2019, advanced directly to the finals of Group A in the Olympic preliminaries, and the lead over the second place in the group was as high as 4.30 seconds, so there is great hope for winning gold.

Editor: Wang Qinou, Yu Sihui, Zhao Jiantong and Zhang Yueyuan (internship)

Produced by Xinhua News Agency Tokyo Olympic Games Reporting Group

　　The number of scoring subjects in the middle school entrance examination was reduced to six, the scores of history, geography, chemistry and biology were presented in grades, the written examination of morality and rule of law was adjusted from closed book to open book, and the experimental operation of physics subjects was included in the senior high school entrance examination score … …

　　On September 26th, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission held a press conference to release and interpret the "Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting the Examination Enrollment Reform in Senior High Schools" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").

　　The scoring subject has been "greatly subtracted"

　　Li Wei, director of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, introduced that this reform aims to continue to implement the requirements of the Ministry of Education on the junior high school level examination, which is "open for all subjects and use for all examinations". According to the characteristics of different disciplines, the junior high school level examination subjects are divided into three categories: examination, examination and assessment.

　　According to the requirements of the Opinions, the reform of the senior high school entrance examination will be implemented from the current eighth-grade students.

　　After the reform, the subjects of the senior high school entrance examination include morality and rule of law, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, physics, physical education and health. The scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages are all 100 points, including 60 points for written foreign languages and 40 points for listening and speaking tests. Morality and rule of law score 80 points, including 70 points for written test and 10 points for comprehensive quality evaluation. Physical score is 80, including 70 for written test and 10 for experimental operation. The score of sports and health is 70 points, including 30 points for on-site examination and 40 points for process assessment.

　　The examination subjects include history, geography, chemistry and biology, and the grades are presented in grades, which are divided into A, B, C and D from high to low. The examination subjects are used for graduation and reference in further studies.

　　The examination subjects include information technology, art, labor and comprehensive practical activities, and the results are presented as qualified or unqualified for graduation and reference in further studies.

　　In terms of organization and implementation, the examination subjects will be unified by the whole city and graded by districts. The written examination of ethics and rule of law, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages and physics is arranged in the second semester of grade nine. The physical education and health examination is implemented step by step in accordance with the Beijing Compulsory Education Physical Education and Health Assessment Scheme. The foreign language listening and speaking test adopts the computer test method, which is separated from the written test and has two test opportunities, which has not changed compared with the past.

　　Returning to subject accomplishment and doing "small addition"

　　It is worth noting that in the subjects of the reformed senior high school entrance examination, the written examination of morality and rule of law has been adjusted from closed book to open book, and the comprehensive quality evaluation has been included in the results of the senior high school entrance examination; Physics subjects include experimental operations in the results of the senior high school entrance examination.

　　Li Wei introduced that morality and rule of law should pay attention to students’ good moral quality and behavior development. Open-book examination is not to let students look up answers from books, but to give new situations, new materials and real questions. If the answers are reasonable, they will be given points. The physics experiment operation is included in the results of the senior high school entrance examination, aiming at guiding the cultivation of children’s practical ability and innovative consciousness through scene and experiential physics learning.

　　In this reform, history, geography, chemistry and biology were changed from examination subjects to examination subjects, and the results were presented in the form of grades. Li Wei introduced that the adjustment of examination subjects is comprehensively determined according to the subject characteristics, class schedule and course standard requirements of related subjects in junior high school. In junior high school, these four subjects are mainly to stimulate students’ interest in learning and cultivate subject thinking, thus laying the foundation for senior high school learning. The purpose of adjusting these four subjects into examination subjects is to get rid of the examination and return to the teaching itself, encourage teachers to better organize teaching activities from the characteristics of disciplines and students’ cognitive laws, guide students to maintain curiosity and thirst for knowledge, learn to find and solve problems in real situations, and have the ability to explore and innovative spirit.

　　Take multiple measures to ensure the effectiveness of the policy

　　Is it necessary to learn the subjects that are no longer included in the senior high school entrance examination results? Will it cause the separation of junior high school and senior high school subjects?

　　He Shanshan, a chemistry teacher in Beijing No.171 Middle School with 25 years’ teaching experience, told reporters that the reform of the senior high school entrance examination has adjusted the chemistry subject into an examination subject, reduced the burden of students’ examination, further promoted teachers and students to return to chemistry learning itself, and inspired teachers to better organize teaching activities from the characteristics of the subject and the cognitive laws of students. In view of how to do a good job in chemistry teaching under the background of senior high school entrance examination reform, He Shanshan suggested that experiments should be taken as the starting point to guide students to find and solve problems in experimental inquiry activities, build and use models, understand the ins and outs of knowledge, understand the subject thinking methods and develop innovative thinking ability. We should take practical activities as the carrier, explore the establishment of interdisciplinary and project-based learning methods, and make good use of the 10 interdisciplinary practical activities suggested in the new curriculum standard to stimulate students’ independent practical exploration spirit and learning enthusiasm.

　　According to reports, Beijing will further standardize curriculum teaching, requiring junior high schools to strictly implement compulsory education curriculum plans and curriculum standards, and must not arbitrarily increase or decrease class hours, change the difficulty, speed up the progress, and must not finish classes in advance to prepare for exams and strengthen supervision and evaluation; Further improve the quality of proposition, focusing on the ability of students to analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned; Further optimize the enrollment mechanism, combine the diversified development of high school, and deepen the organic combination of multiple evaluation methods and enrollment methods.

　　"At present, we are simultaneously improving the multi-channel and new carrier enrollment and training methods, deepening the reform and collectivization of running schools in district system, promoting the integration of talent training, and providing students with diversified ways of further studies and diversified growth paths." Li Wei said.

　　 　(Beijing, September 26 th, our reporter Dong Cheng)

　　Affected by the rising pressure of comprehensive operating costs, more and more third-party payment channels begin to charge fees for credit card repayment. But at the same time, we should also see that there are many repayment channels for credit cards at present, and the channels such as bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still free — —

　　For users who use third-party payment channels to repay bank credit cards, a new change is about to happen: from March 26th, Alipay will charge a service fee for credit card repayment, and WeChat has charged for credit card repayment since August 1st last year, which means another "free lunch" for Internet services has ended.

　　Next, how will you choose the credit card repayment channel? What else do you need to pay attention to when using third-party payment to repay credit cards? Has Internet service entered the era of charging?

　　Alipay VS wechat

　　At present, users and the market are most concerned about the similarities and differences between Alipay and WeChat for credit card repayment charges.

　　In fact, repaying bank credit cards through third-party payment institutions is a new thing that has only appeared in recent years. In contrast, bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still the traditional mainstream channels for credit card repayment, and this channel does not charge extra for the single act of "repayment".

　　According to industry insiders, the so-called "credit card repayment service" paid by a third party means that the third party payment company deducts the corresponding money from the cardholder’s change account, debit card and other channels for credit card repayment according to his transaction instructions.

　　It is understood that "integrated management" is the main reason why some users choose to repay their credit cards through third-party payment channels.

　　"At present, I use the credit cards of ICBC, China Merchants Bank and Minsheng Bank at the same time. When I used mobile banking to repay, I would log in to the apps of these three banks respectively, and I also need to remember different repayment dates." Cui Jinqing, a young white-collar worker who works in a large central enterprise in Beijing, said that later, Alipay’s "credit card repayment" function was used to integrate the management of three credit cards. On one interface, the details such as which credit cards you bound, their repayment dates and their repayment amounts were clear at a glance.

　　Under the influence of integrated management, path dependence and other factors, the "credit card repayment" function of Alipay and WeChat gradually accumulated some users, but the increase in business volume also led to an increase in comprehensive operating costs, because there would be a payment channel fee behind each repayment.

　　When third-party payment institutions no longer invest in cost subsidy fees, "charging" will become the general trend. So for users, what are the similarities and differences between Alipay and WeChat after charging?

　　After comparison, the reporter found that from the charging standard, Alipay and WeChat are both one thousandth (0.1%) of the repayment amount, but Alipay has reserved two "free paths" for users.

　　Specifically, the first is to provide a free quota of 2000 yuan per person per month. Suppose the monthly repayment amount of users is 3,000 yuan, and the handling fee of Alipay is one thousandth of that of 1000 yuan, namely 1 yuan, but that of WeChat is one thousandth of 3,000 yuan, namely 3 yuan.

　　The second is to allow users to increase their free quota through two methods: "redemption of Alipay membership points" and "borrowing the free quota of relatives and friends".

　　"It is worth noting that if all your money is in Yu ‘ebao, you can withdraw it to your debit card first, which is free. Then log in to the bank’s online banking and pay back the credit card with the money from the debit card. There is no cost in the whole process. " The relevant person in charge of Alipay said.

　　Five aspects should be noted.

　　In addition to charging, compared with online banking, there are many matters needing attention in the "credit card repayment" service paid by third parties, which are mainly manifested in five aspects: determination of responsibility and right, repayment currency, single limit, repayment reminder and repayment appointment function.

　　The first is the issue of "determination of responsibility and right". It should be noted that the third-party payment institution is only the executor of the user’s credit card repayment instruction, and it will not be responsible for the losses caused by the user’s use of this service unless it does not follow the user’s instruction or the operation instruction is wrong.

　　The second is the issue of "repayment currency" and "bill inquiry currency". At present, the credit card repayment services of Alipay and WeChat only support RMB repayment, not foreign currency repayment. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the bill information that users can query through the above two methods is only RMB bills, and the foreign currency bills queried are for reference only, and accurate information still needs to be obtained through the issuing bank.

　　The third is the issue of "single limit". Wechat clearly stated in the agreement that when users make credit card repayments through Tenpay’s platform, they should still abide by the restrictions imposed by the repayment source bank on the maximum amount of their single transfer and the maximum amount of daily cumulative transfer; Tenpay is not responsible for the failure of repayment caused by this restriction.

　　The fourth is the issue of "repayment reminder". It is worth noting that even if users set up a credit card "repayment reminder" on the third-party payment platform, they still need to make repayment according to their agreement with the credit card issuer. The above settings are only used as a reference for repayment time and amount, not as a basis for whether or not to repay.

　　The fifth is the issue of "prepayment function". Wechat clearly stated in the agreement that "if you use the scheduled repayment function, Tenpay will provide you with repayment service according to the billing information provided by the issuing bank of your credit card, and Tenpay does not guarantee the authenticity, completeness and timeliness of this information". That is to say, if the user suffers losses due to the incorrect billing information, including but not limited to economic losses, late payment fees, reduced credit evaluation, etc., it will be settled by the user and the issuing bank.

　　Bank online banking channel is still free.

　　In the face of the above changes, many insiders said that the overall impact on users is limited. On the one hand, compared with services such as consumption and wealth management, credit card repayment is a function with lower frequency; On the other hand, at present, there are many repayment channels for credit cards. Although Alipay and WeChat charge, these channels such as bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still free.

　　In addition, Alipay also suggested in the announcement of "Adjustment of Credit Card Repayment Service Rules" that if it is a large repayment, users can choose to repay free of charge through channels such as bank online banking.

　　In fact, for commercial banks, retail business has always played the role of profit stabilizer, and credit card business is an important part of retail business.

　　Usually, when applying for a bank’s credit card, users need to have the bank’s debit card and use it as a repayment account. In this way, banks can not only improve customer stickiness through credit card business, but also form stable capital precipitation and repayment cash flow.

　　For this reason, for a long time, the online banking and mobile banking apps of various banks have not charged extra fees for the single act of "repayment" for the credit cards issued by the bank, but if users have overdue and installment repayment, they will charge other kinds of fees.

　　In recent years, many banks have even supported users to repay their credit cards through "debit cards from other banks" without charging any handling fees for the time being, in order to increase repayment channels for users and increase the frequency of their use of our credit cards.

　　It is worth noting that with WeChat and Alipay charging for "credit card repayment" one after another, the discussion about "whether Internet service has entered the charging era" has once again started in the society.

　　It is undeniable that in the past few years, more and more services on the Internet have begun to charge. According to a survey by the National Copyright Administration of China, in 2017, fee-based content accounted for almost half of the Internet content market in China.

　　At the same time, in the face of charging, users have gradually changed from "unaccustomed" in the early days to "accustomed". The financial report of iQiyi in the third quarter of 2018 shows that as of September 30, 2018, the number of subscribed members of iQiyi has reached 80.7 million, of which paying members account for more than 98%; The income from membership service was 2.9 billion yuan, up 78% year-on-year, which exceeded the income from online advertising service of 2.4 billion yuan.

　　"There is no eternal free model in any industry. In a fully competitive market, charging or not ultimately depends on whether the services provided by enterprises are worth paying for, and the charging price will gradually become reasonable in the competition. " The relevant person in charge of Alipay said.