In the e-commerce industry, not only Taobao, Tmall, JD.COM and so on are known to us, but in fact, the e-commerce industry can be divided into two directions: domestic trade e-commerce and foreign trade e-commerce, among which foreign trade e-commerce is also called cross-border e-commerce, while domestic trade e-commerce refers to Tmall, Taobao, JD.COM and so on. This article will mainly focus on "What is cross-border e-commerce? What platforms do cross-border e-commerce have? " To describe it.

The term "cross-border e-commerce" (full name: cross-border electronic commerce) appeared in 2011, which refers to an international business activity in which transactions are concluded by means of e-commerce, online ordering, payment and settlement, and goods are delivered through cross-border logistics, cleared through customs and finally delivered.

In terms of transaction mode, China’s cross-border e-commerce can be divided into business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) trade modes.

Under the B2B mode, enterprises use e-commerce mainly by advertising and information release, and the transaction and customs clearance processes are basically completed offline, which is still a traditional trade in essence and has been included in the general trade statistics of customs. Under the B2C model, Chinese enterprises directly face foreign consumers, mainly selling personal consumer goods, and the logistics mainly adopts air parcels, mail, express delivery, etc. The main body of customs declaration is postal or express delivery companies, and most of them are not included in customs registration at present.

From the perspective of import and export, cross-border e-commerce can be divided into export cross-border e-commerce and import cross-border e-commerce.

1. Amazon (Amazon)

Founded in 1995, Amazon is the originator of the world’s e-commerce industry, with its founder Jeff Bezos (known as "brother-in-law"). At present, Amazon has become the world’s largest online retailer with the largest variety of goods and the second largest Internet company in the world. Amazon and other vendors provide customers with millions of unique new, renovated and second-hand goods, such as books, movies, music and games, digital downloads, electronics and computers, home gardening supplies, toys, baby products, food, clothing, shoes and jewelry, health and personal care products, sports and outdoor products, toys, automobiles and industrial products. If you plan to be a seller of Amazon, you must ensure the quality of the goods and take the products as the king.

2.eBay（Chinese Electronic Bay, Yibei, Yi Bei)

Ebay was founded on September 4, 1995, and was named after Auctionweb by Pierre Omidyar. Ebay is the American version of Taobao. It is an online auction and shopping website that allows people all over the world to buy and sell goods online. People can sell goods online on eBay. At present, eBay has 120 million active users worldwide and more than 400 million products published by individuals or businesses, among which brand-new "one-price" products are the main ones. EBay is not opening the China market now. Compared with Amazon, it is relatively easy to open a store on eBay, but it also needs to provide a lot of relevant information, such as bank transaction records and invoices. And although there is no money to open a shop, there is a separate charge for each item on the shelf. It should be noted that eBay prefers buyers.

3.wish

Wish was established on July 4th, 2010, and belongs to the mobile trading platform. Its main market is customers in Europe and America. Women account for about 80% of the wish platform, and they are between 18 and 30 years old. The reason why people choose wish for shopping is not only the convenience on the mobile phone, but also the overall cheap price. In addition, Wish’s unique browsing and recommendation mechanism ensures the quality and attractiveness of goods. As a friend of wish seller, we must grasp the direction of product selection.

4. GlobalAliExpress (AliExpress)

Established in April 2010, AliExpress is a platform owned by Alibaba, which is called "international Taobao". AliExpress is a foreign trade online trading platform that Alibaba helps small and medium-sized enterprises to contact terminal wholesale retailers, sell quickly in small batches and batches, and expand profit margins. At present, the Russian market is the main market, and the opening conditions are simple and easy to operate, which is suitable for newcomers and self-employed.

5. Dunhuang Net

Founded in 2004, Dunhuang Network is the world’s leading online foreign trade trading platform. Its CEO Wang Shutong is one of the earliest e-commerce actors in China. Dunhuang Network is the first website in China to provide B2B online transactions for small and medium-sized enterprises. It adopts a commission system. From February 20, 2019, new sellers began to charge fees for registration, and only after the successful transaction between buyers and sellers. Dunhuang Network is committed to helping small and medium-sized enterprises in China to enter the global market through the cross-border electronic commerce platform.

6.light in the box

Founded in 2007, LightInTheBox is an online B2C cross-border e-commerce company with technology-driven and big data as the breakthrough point and integrated supply chain ecosystem services. Engaged in the wholesale of electronic products, mechanical equipment, Wujinjiaodian, household appliances, textiles, clothing, daily necessities, arts and crafts, jewelry (excluding gold and loose diamonds), cultural and sports supplies and equipment, building materials (excluding steel) and chemical products (excluding dangerous chemicals); Commission agency (except auction), import and export and related supporting business. Electronic accessories have become the largest category of Lanting, accounting for 39.1%, and the clothing category dominated by wedding dresses accounts for 30.7%, in addition to small accessories, small commodities, home and gardening and other products. Lanting Jishi requires platform sellers to provide enterprise three certificates, business license, tax registration and organization code. Electronic products should provide category safety certification, and brand products should submit brand qualification, trademark registration certificate or brand authorization. Lanting Jishi doesn’t charge the platform seller the platform entry fee or service fee, but it will charge 15% commission and 3% transaction fee.

7.Shopee

Shopee ("Shrimp Skin" for short) was founded in 2015 and belongs to Sea Group. Shopee, headquartered in Singapore, is an e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia and Taiwan, China. At present, Shopee shrimp skin can be sold in seven sites in these countries and regions: Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Viet Nam and the Philippines. Among them, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines have opened cross-border seller business. Shopee has a wide range of products, from consumer electronics to home life, beauty, maternal and child, fashion and fitness equipment.

8.Lazada

Lazada (Chinese name "Lai Zanda") was established in 2012 and is one of the largest online shopping websites in Southeast Asia. With the support of SamwerBrothers, a German business incubator, Lazada platform has more than 155,000 sellers, including more than 3,000 brand suppliers and 560 million users. The main target markets are six countries in Southeast Asia, namely, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Main products: 3C electronics, household goods, toys, fashion clothes, sports equipment, etc. Lazada is called "Amazon in Southeast Asia". The first condition that needs to be met if you want to open a shop in lazada is that the enterprise needs to have a legal business license; Individuals need to use Malaysia’s National Identity Card Number (NRIC).

9.Alibaba.com

"Alibaba International Station" is an export marketing promotion service to help small and medium-sized enterprises expand international trade. Based on the trading platform of Alibaba International Station, the world’s leading inter-enterprise e-commerce website, it shows and promotes suppliers’ enterprises and products to overseas buyers, and then obtains trade opportunities and orders. It is one of the first choice network platforms for export enterprises to expand international trade. To put it simply, Alibaba International Station is mainly engaged in foreign trade, that is, all in English, mainly for export. Which is for the whole world to see. The international station starts with www, and the domestic china starts with Alibaba, which is mainly a Chinese domestic trade station.

10.Newegg

Newegg (newegg, China) was founded in 2001, which is a new generation of professional e-commerce consumer service website based on the famous newegg. Mainly engaged in online sales of 3C products such as computers, consumer electronics and communications. The best-selling categories are automobile supplies, sporting goods and office supplies. It is particularly noteworthy that most consumers are men, but female consumers are also growing rapidly.

11.Souq

Souq.com (the Middle East version of Amazon e-commerce website) was established in 2005, with 6 million users and 10 million unique visitors every month. According to the current situation of the website, Souq has begun to consider expanding other businesses. For example, Souq has established its own logistics system QExpress and payment system PayFort. Moreover, Souq also launched its own brand of tablet computers. Souq.com, Cobone.com and Sukar.com are the three largest local e-commerce websites in the Middle East.

Related recommendations:What are the cross-border e-commerce platforms? Cross-border e-commerce export platform ranking

Zhang Xinghua

Cctv newsZhang Xinghua, born in 1988, is now the assistant to the squadron leader of the First Squadron of Dongchuan Brigade of Xining Public Security Fire Brigade. Since the police, he has been rated as an advanced individual in Yushu earthquake relief of the Fire Department of the Ministry of Public Security, and won the third-class merit twice. He is like a screw that never loosens, always escorting the property safety of the people.

Dedicate yourself to the police camp.

Zhang Xinghua was born in an ordinary peasant family. Joining the army was his childhood dream and his greatest wish since then. Since the day he became a soldier, he has the expectation of his hometown elders and is determined to make a career in the army.

Since joining the army, he has to get up half an hour earlier than others every morning, cleaning and doing chores. He has done everything in an orderly way and left his shadow in every corner of the army camp.

During his tenure as an assistant to the squadron leader, he insisted on training, working and studying with the soldiers, and often used his rest time to have heart-to-heart talks with other comrades, to understand the soldiers’ family life, personal hobbies, plans to come to the army, etc., and to accurately understand the ideological pulse of the whole team at any time.

Give up one’s life and forget one’s death.

At 2 pm on October 16th, 2012, a thrilling scene happened on the fifth floor of Building 7, Qingyiyuan Community, Xiadu Street, Chengdong District, Xining City. A man was sitting in the fifth floor window with his one-year-old daughter in his arms because of a family dispute, threatening to jump off the building and commit suicide. He was so excited that he could jump at any time.

At the critical moment, Zhang Xinghua jumped down from the sixth floor, pushed the man into the house with a precise foot, and then quickly entered the house from the window to control him. After this video was exposed on the Internet, it was quickly reprinted by many websites, and the reputation of Xining Fire Fighting "Flying Brother" spread like wildfire.

Train hard, devote yourself to fire fighting and strive for honor

In view of the actual situation of the squadron, Zhang Xinghua made careful preparations and scientific training, rationally arranged the training time and progress, carried out training in various forms, increased ideological education and publicity of tournament competition, popularized advanced training experience and practices, and solved the training problems. He knew how heavy the burden was on his shoulders. When the leader asked him if he could carry two burdens on one shoulder, his answer was only hit the floor’s words: "Ensure to complete the task!"

In participating in the 100-meter attack skill project, Zhang Xinghua quickly completed every small movement with the accumulated experience of long-term training, refined and beautifully transported the last bottle, and with super physical strength and tenacious perseverance, he successfully completed the competition project with a good score of 1 minute and 19 seconds. It has achieved the first good result in this subject in the province, adding a heavy sum to the group points of the squadron.

Under his leadership, the squadron stood out among the 34 participating teams, and the double trunk water supply exercise won the first place in the province and finally won the third place in the group, making a historic breakthrough.

Rescue, no regrets, youth casting police soul.

During the "April 14th" Yushu earthquake in 2010, Zhang Xinghua rushed to Yushu Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Qinghai Province to participate in earthquake relief under the unified mobilization of the Provincial Fire Corps. During the 72 hours of gold rescue, Zhang Xinghua worked closely with his squadron comrades to fight day and night, excavating 11 victims and saving about 400,000 yuan of people’s property.

During the flood control and flood fighting in Golmud in July, 2010, Zhang Xinghua was brave and tenacious, charging ahead, risking his life again and again with his comrades, charging at the forefront of flood fighting and rescue, braving wind and rain, coping with floods, building dams, fighting disasters and rescuing on water, and building a series of safety dams. He transported sand and gravel with his comrades-in-arms. When there were not enough people to fill the sand and gravel, he simply bandaged his finger when compiling the barbed wire and continued to work. In this harsh climate and difficult conditions, he fought for seven days in a row and blocked the breach dam with his comrades-in-arms for more than 700 meters.

In the past 10 years, Zhang Xinghua has successively completed more than 680 rescues such as Yushu earthquake relief, Golmud flood control, Zhouqu mudslide in Gansu, and 4.9 textile building fire, rescued and evacuated more than 360 people trapped, and saved more than 35 million yuan in economic losses for the country and people. He explained a soldier’s devotion to fire fighting with practical actions. (Source: Ministry of Public Security)

　　[car home Information] At the beginning of the article, let’s sell it first. In this article, you will see the introduction of all the core new models of Huawei system, and we will also show the family map in the article. This paper will introduce you from three parts: sales volume, new technology and new models. Without further ado, let’s start the text.

　　In the first half of 2024, Huawei HarmonyOS Zhixing refreshed everyone’s cognition: a new car was launched less than one year after it was launched, and the speed of pushing new products did not lose digital products at all. (|), M7 push new models every year, and every time it is not as small as traditional car companies push new models. This time, the new model M7 () has optimized the front face, replaced with 192-line laser radar, upgraded the sound system, upgraded the seat, and added CDC continuous variable damping shock absorber.

　　Even more outrageous is the intellectual S7. Due to Chery’s production capacity, the car was delayed, and after Chery adjusted its "status", Huawei held a press conference for it and upgraded its products. The two conferences were separated by just over four months, which was an unprecedented operation in the automobile circle.

● Sales volume: I didn’t expect it to be the best-selling model of Huawei.

"Ask the world M9"

　　Of course, there is something even more amazing. In the 136 days since its listing, the M9 has definitely exceeded 80,000 units. Treasures! This is a car with a price as high as 469,800-569,800 yuan. According to the latest data, in May, the M9 sold 16,462 units in a single month, which is the only brand in China. The era of BBA lying down to make money is really over!

"Sales List of 500-100 Million Yuan Models"

　　If you open the car home sales list and choose the price range of 500,000-100,000 yuan, the sales volume of M9 in the world is "far ahead", even surpassing the Audi A6L, which ranks first in the list all the year round. The reason is that the M9 has the largest size and the most configuration among the same price models. Of course, Huawei is deeply involved in this car from research and development to sales. It is also a model with a high amount of "Hua" and can attract a lot of attention.

"HarmonyOS Zhixing Vehicle Sales List"

　　The M7 also has a monthly sales of over 10,000, which is a very cost-effective product in this price range. Intellectual S7 also has a good sales performance, and it has also created a good record shortly after its listing. Of course, not all models advertised as Huawei sell well. For example, the performance of the M5, which overlaps with the price of the M7, is relatively average. In addition, Aouita and Polar Fox, who chose Huawei HI mode, did not have much surprise in sales.

"Aouita Vehicle Sales List"

　　On the whole, I believe many people didn’t expect that the best-selling model among Huawei’s cooperative models turned out to be the most expensive model. We found that products with high content of "Hua" really sell well, technologically advanced models are highly sought after, unique products are easier to win, and hybrid models are more popular than pure electric models. Then, how many exciting new technologies and products are there in the "Huawei Family"? We will reveal them to you one by one.

● New technology: "Far ahead" again? Can parking spaces from the ground to the underground in the park also automatically assist driving?

　　Before talking about new products, it is necessary to talk about Huawei’s smart car solution Gankun, which is the latest technology that will be cited by smart car selection mode and HI mode cooperative models. The brands involved will include the current intellectual, intellectual and enjoyment circles of smart cars, as well as new brands that may be named as proud circles, and also include HI-mode Extremely Fox, Aouita, Deep Blue, Chuanqi, Lantu and Warrior.

　　Core highlight solutions include Gankun Intelligent Driving, HarmonyOS Cockpit, Gankun Vehicle Lighting, Gankun Vehicle Control and Gankun Vehicle Cloud Service. Of course, the most important thing here is Gankun Zhijia. Recently, ADS 3.0 has been newly upgraded. Compared with ADS 2.0, upgrading the GOD general obstacle detection network based on the integration of BEV bird’s eye view network will have stronger recognition and processing capabilities.

　　If expressed in Huawei’s way, it will continue to be "far ahead" in the field of smart driving. After this upgrade, the intelligent driving system has a faster response speed, and AEB is safer, which can truly realize the automatic driving from destination to destination. In addition, automatic parking is more powerful, and you can drive into the underground garage parking space without memory.

　　The new intelligent driving system can drive more like a real person, improve the traffic efficiency, improve the pass rate of complex intersections by 96%, and the end-to-end architecture can be enabled when there is a road. With the cooperation of 192-line laser radar and 4D high-precision millimeter-wave radar, it can cope with intelligent driving above L3 level, and it can also easily cope with rainy and foggy weather. At the same time, ADS 3.0 can realize intelligent driving and pilot NCA from parking space to parking space, and can reach with one button, and can realize automatic assisted driving from open roads to park roads and from the ground of the park to underground parking spaces. When everyone is still driving in NOA city, Huawei has already rolled into a new realm of "end-to-end" in advance.

　　At the same time, parking supports leaving the car, and these operations do not need to remember parking, and even can be parked in extremely narrow parking spaces that old drivers can’t complete. When the braking distance of AEB is not enough, the system can avoid obstacles under the premise of safety, and can be upgraded from forward object recognition to oblique crossing and crossing bicycles. This seems to be more in line with the road conditions in China. Automatic parking and AEB can no longer be used under certain conditions, and their practicability is greatly enhanced.

　　HarmonyOS cockpit is the most impressive one for everyone. This time, we upgraded the model of Qianwu engine, which can sense every passenger in the car and accurately push preferences. Gankun Audio brings an immersive experience, and can actively reduce noise, and can realize front and rear isolation sound shields, and the video in the front row and the back row is complementary to each other. Gankun car smart screen has a comprehensive screen with 2K resolution and 87% screen ratio. Needless to say, the operation of HarmonyOS cockpit, this upgrade, will bring a better audio-visual effect experience.

　　The vehicle-mounted lighting in Gankun is reflected in three aspects. The intelligent car light module can be projected to the corresponding warning picture on the road to remind pedestrians or drivers, and can also be used as a slide projector to project to the black-and-white image picture on the wall. The second is augmented reality head-up display, which can provide route display of AR real-life navigation in combination with real scenes, which is more intuitive. The third is the light field screen, which can break through the physical space limitation in the car and realize the imaging of 40-inch super-large frame at 3 meters. It is also a profound experience.

　　Gankun vehicle control is intelligent, providing a safe, comfortable and energy-saving driving experience. Gankun Che Yun is to build intelligent, safe and reliable cloud services for smart cars.

　　In general, the most eye-catching technology is still ADS 3.0. Huawei Gankun ADS 3.0 has laid the foundation for the continuous evolution of the end-to-end architecture. Relevant persons said that end-to-end will bring about a double improvement in the autopilot experience and performance, and consumers will be more willing to accept autonomous driving, thus increasing the penetration rate of autonomous driving. End-to-end can think like human beings and give the best solution. At present, Tesla FSD V12 has realized the end-to-end neural network model. Musk also said that its subscription volume has greatly increased after V12 was pushed, and the industry speculated that the proportion of its subscribers has increased from 2% to 20%, which proves that such a smart driving system is more practical.

　　These new technologies will be applied to new models regardless of smart car selection or HI mode. In addition to the models we know at present, many new models have been added, and many HI models have been added.

● New models: HarmonyOS Zhixing (intelligent car selection) +HI mode Next, 13 new products will be announced.

　　We have probably drawn the current cooperative models of Huawei and the new models that are known to be launched at present, reaching a total of 20 models. After all the models are listed, the scale is really huge, covering more than 100,000 to one million models at all levels. Let’s take a look at the brands one by one. First, let’s take a look at the new products of HarmonyOS Zhixing (intelligent car selection mode).

HarmonyOS Zhixing (Zhixuanche)

○ Cyrus and Huawei
AITO Boundaries M8(5-seat Edition Boundaries M9)
Price:It is estimated that the sale will start at 400,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:Listing during the year (guess)
Energy type:Pure electric, extended range hybrid

　　After Celestial and Huawei launched the new model M5, M7 and M9 in the past six months, it is expected to launch a model M8. Although this car has not been made public, its spy photos have been flying all over the sky. According to a sales representative of HarmonyOS Zhixing, this car may be a new version of M9, a smaller M9, and it will be named M8 according to the internet.

"Ask the world M8"

　　Judging from the spy photos, its design is highly similar to that of the asking world M9. It is a five-seat version of the asking world M9, and its front, rear and interior are highly similar to that of the asking world M9. I didn’t expect that Cyrus, who challenged the ideal all the way, also embarked on the route of "nesting dolls". The positioning of M9 and M8 is very similar to L9 and L8, which will also use all the most advanced technologies of Huawei, including smart lens headlights, HarmonyOS cockpit, rear projection, car refrigerator, Turing chassis, ADS 3.0 intelligent driving and so on. Of course, make a bold prediction, will the starting price of M8 be less than 400,000 yuan? What do you think? Of course, this may also be another ideal model of Huawei.

Chery and Huawei
Zhijie R7
Level:Medium and large SUV
Price:Estimated 300,000-400,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:Recently listed
Energy type:Pure electric

　　After the launch of S7 by Chery and Huawei’s Zhijie, the second car is a very dynamic SUV R7, which adopts a coupe body design and is expected to sell for 300,000-400,000 yuan. However, considering that the price of Zhijie S7 is against Tesla Model 3, the final pricing of Zhijie R7 is likely to be against Tesla Model Y, which may bring us price surprises.

『Zhijie R7』

　　Of course, the size of this car is 4956mm and the wheelbase is 2950mm, which is obviously larger than Model Y. However, in design, the intellectual realm R7 is more like the elevated intellectual realm S7, and the design language is exactly the same. Judging from the exposed interior, it is also highly similar to S7. Of course, the new car will also be equipped with Huawei’s latest technologies, such as ADS 3.0 Intelligent Driver, a new generation of HarmonyOS Cockpit, Car Cloud Service 3.0, brand-new AR-HUD, Megapixel Intelligent Lamp Module, etc. At the same time, it will also be equipped with an 800V silicon carbide high-voltage platform as standard as S7. Obviously, this car is aimed at Tesla Model Y. At present, HarmonyOS Zhixing is one of the biggest markets for cakes, which must not be missed.

○ BAIC and Huawei
Xiangjie S9
Level:Medium and large car
Price:The pre-sale price is 450,000-550,000 yuan.
Time to market:Listed in August
Energy type:Pure electric

　　Enjoy the world S9 is another new member of Smart Car, which is jointly launched by BAIC and Huawei. Its pre-sale price is 450,000-550,000 yuan, and it will be listed in early August. Enjoy the world S9 body size of 5160/1987/1486mm, wheelbase of 3050mm, and this car size is relatively close to the model is Weilai ET7, positioning medium and large cars.

『Xiangjie S9』

　　Turing chassis, ADS 3.0 intelligent driver and brand-new HarmonyOS cockpit will not be absent from this car, and it is expected to be the same as the M9, but its rear row will provide more luxurious equipment. From the information that has been exposed, the rear row of the new car will adopt a four-seat layout, equipped with zero-gravity seats, with massage, heating and ventilation functions, and the rear row seats are expected to be "flat" with a large inclination angle, providing a small table and a warm and cold armrest box. At the same time, the rear row will be equipped with a car-gauge laser projector, electric projection curtain and HUAWEI SOUND SUPERIOR panoramic sound, and all four windows will be equipped with double-layer laminated sound insulation glass. Power on the new car to provide single and double motor version, the maximum battery life of more than 800km. At present, the middle and high-end electric cars have not sold particularly well, and the Enjoy S9 is a breakthrough. Of course, its strength will be the same as that of the Ask M9, relying on all the new technologies of Huawei to attract consumers.

Huawei and JAC
Aojie (unnamed)
Price:Million level
Level:Medium and large MPV
Time to market:Listed in the spring of 2025
Energy type:Pure electric

　　Huawei and JAC are another member of Smart Car. Previously, it was rumored that the new brand was called Aojie, and the products would be millions. According to the EIA report released by JAC, the cooperation project with Huawei will be built on the brand-new X6 luxury new energy platform, and the models will cover B-class to D+ class, including cars, SUVs, MPVs, crossover vehicles, sports vehicles, etc., sharing platform development.

『Jianghuai product planning』

　　According to the plan, the first model produced by X6 platform may be an MPV with a length of 5.2 meters and a wheelbase of 3.2 meters. The planned annual production capacity is 35,000 vehicles, and the new car will be launched in the spring of 2025. This news was also confirmed by a HarmonyOS Zhixing salesman, and the new car will be a million-level MPV. At present, Huawei does not have a million-class model. This MPV will be a brand-new attempt. Of course, this car will definitely have a surprising product experience. We look forward to the official answer.

　　In terms of intelligent car selection, HarmonyOS Zhixing has covered all aspects. Aojie mainly focuses on millions of consumption, and Wenjie M9, Wenjie M8 and Xiangjie S9 mainly focus on the middle and high-end luxury car market of 400,000-500,000 yuan, while Zhijie S7, Zhijie R7, Wenjie M5 and Wenjie M7 mainly focus on the entry-level luxury car market of 250,000-400,000 yuan. Cars, SUVs and MPVs have been fully covered. Of course, for Huawei, it is not enough. Next, let’s take a look at the cooperation of HI mode. Although it is not sold in HarmonyOS Zhixing terminal, it will also match Huawei’s latest technology.

HI mode

○ GAC Chuanqi and Huawei
The first car:Large coupe
Time to market:Listed in the first quarter of 2025
Energy type:Pure electric (guess)
Other models:Large pure electric SUV and large pure electric MPV

　　At this year’s Beijing Auto Show, the new model of Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi Spoiler will be equipped with Huawei’s latest Gankun smart car solution, using Gankun ADS 3.0 and a new generation of HarmonyOS cockpit. Subsequently, large cars, large SUVs and large MPVs based on Huawei’s next-generation technology will be launched, and the first model will be launched and delivered in the first quarter of 2025.

『Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi and Huawei Product Planning』

『Guangzhou Automobile Chuanqi and HuaweiConcept car design of the first model』

　　Just a few days ago, GAC Chuanqi revealed the concept car design of the first model, which looks more like a two-door coupe. Of course, this is only a concept car. The production version is expected to be a five-door model with a high probability, but it shows that this car will be a coupe design concept. Compared with several smart cars, this model is more distinctive, showing the unique product characteristics of GAC Chuanqi. At present, there is no specific price positioning of this model, but it may be a model with the same positioning as the Enjoy World S9 by visual inspection, which will produce differentiated products.

Deep blue and Huawei
Deep blue L07
Level:in-between car
Price:Estimated 150,000-200,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:Listed during the year
Energy type:Pure electric, extended range hybrid

　　After Aouita, Deep Blue also joined Huawei’s camp. Of course, Deep Blue is also a HI model. The first cooperative model L07 looks very close to Deep Blue SL03. Deng Chenghao, CEO of Deep Blue Auto, said that compared with SL03, L07 has a new appearance, a new interior, a new power and a new configuration ratio. SL03 focuses on sports technology and L07 focuses on intelligent technology. However, from the official map of L07, it is more like an improved product of SL03.

Deep blue L07』

　　The official said that the L07 is a model with deep cooperation with Huawei, with intelligent technology as the core, giving users a refreshing intelligent driving experience. The landing of Deep Blue L07 will become the most intimate product equipped with Huawei intelligent system, which may cost as little as 100,000 yuan. Of course, considering the price factor, it may not be equipped with Huawei Gankun ADS 3.0, but Huawei has also launched an ADS SE version for low-end models, which will have no urban intelligent driving and support high-speed NCA and intelligent parking. It is expected that Deep Blue L07 will probably be equipped with this system, and it is also expected to introduce HarmonyOS cars.

　　Deep Blue L07 will be Huawei’s first model with a price of more than 100,000 yuan. Its listing will go deep into BYD’s current main market. Comparatively speaking, BYD’s current weakness is in the field of intelligent driving. Of course, BYD has spent a lot of money on research and development. In this gap period, Huawei models still have a chance to get a share.

○ Aouita and Huawei
Aouita 07
Level: medium SUV
Price: estimated 250,000-350,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:Listed in the third quarter
Energy type:Pure electric, extended range hybrid

　　Aouita was one of the earliest car companies to cooperate with Huawei. Compared with Extreme Fox, Aouita has made every product equipped with Huawei’s intelligent driving system, and the following new products will continue this feature. The good news is that Aouita will start the route of extended-range vehicles, and the price is expected to be further reduced. Both Aouita 11 and 12 will launch extended-range hybrid vehicles. According to the declared information, the two models will use 1.5T engines as the range extender.

"Aouita 07"

　　At the same time, Aouita will also launch an SUV model Aouita 07 with a slightly larger size than Tesla Model Y. In terms of body size, its length, width and height are 4825/1980/1620(1610)mm and its wheelbase is 2940mm respectively. It will also have HarmonyOS cockpit and Huawei advanced intelligent driver, and its price will be much lower than that of Aouita 11. At the same time, this model will also be driven by extended range and pure electric. The pure electric version provides two-wheel drive models and four-wheel drive models. The former is equipped with a driving motor with a maximum of 252 kW, and the latter is equipped with a dual motor with 188 kW before and 252 kW after. The extended-range version is equipped with a 1.5T engine with a maximum power of 115kW. As for the motor, the two-wheel drive version is equipped with a single motor with a maximum power of 231kW, and the four-wheel drive version is equipped with a dual motor with a maximum power of 131kW and a maximum power of 231kW.

　　Aouita 07 is another model aiming at Tesla Model Y besides Zhijie R7. At the same time, it also has extended-range models, and it can grab some markets of ideal L6 together with Wenjie M7, killing two birds with one stone.

Aouita 08 (guess) code E16
Level:Medium coupe
Price:Estimated 230,000-330,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:Listed during the year
Energy type:Pure electric, extended range hybrid

　　In addition, Aouita will launch a model with the benchmark Tesla Model 3, which is cheaper than the model 12. The power form of E16 is also expected to include pure electricity and extended range. Please refer to Aouita 07.

Aouita E16』

　　At the end of last year, Huawei and Changan set up a joint venture company to jointly develop intelligent driving solutions, intelligent cockpit, intelligent digital platform, intelligent Che Yun, AR-HUD and intelligent lights. Huawei will further cooperate with Changan to create customized products for Changan.

○ Lan Tu and Huawei
Lan tu zhi yin
Level:Medium SUV
Price:It is expected to be sold within 200,000 (guess)
Time to market:Released this year
Energy type:Pure electric

　　This year, Lantu has publicly stated that the new pure electric SUV model built by Lantu and Huawei will be released this year, and this model is likely to be a bosom friend. At the same time, Lantu Dreamer, the industry’s first MPV model equipped with Huawei’s intelligent driving and intelligent cockpit, will also be launched in the first half of next year.

"Lan Tu bosom friend"

　　According to Lu Fang, CEO of Lantu Automobile, Lantu Zhiyin will be equipped with the strongest Sandian in the industry, the strongest cockpit in Lantu and the strongest intelligent driving in the world. From the description point of view, its high probability is the SUV that Lantu cooperates with Huawei. And the map said that this SUV will help increase the sales of the map, indicating that this model may have a more surprising price. With reference to the pricing of the map FREE, this car is likely to start selling within 200,000 yuan because of its smaller size.

　　Zhiyinhui is a brand-new entry-level product of Lantu. Its model size is 4725/1900/1636(1653)mm, and its wheelbase is 2900 mm.. Its size is obviously smaller than that of Lantu FREE, which is close to that of Tesla Model Y, and it is positioned as a medium-sized SUV. The interior design of the car is also relatively simple, with only a central control panel and a narrow dashboard. At present, it is known that this model will be a pure electric model with a 230 kW motor.

　　Companion will probably become another SUV model with a price of 200,000 yuan after Deep Blue L07. Of course, its pricing may be higher than that of Deep Blue L07, and there will be no direct competition. The price of the main model may still exceed 200,000 yuan.

Lan tu Meng Jia Hua Wei zhi Jia ban
Level:Medium and large MPV
Price:Estimated 350,000-450,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:The first half of 2025
Energy type:Pure electric and plug-in hybrid

"Lan Tu Dreamer"

　　Lantu Dreamer will also be equipped with ADS 3.0 and a new generation of HarmonyOS cockpit, which will also become the first MPV in Huawei’s intelligent driving system. Dreamer is also expected to be the first MPV cooperated by Huawei. After cooperating with Huawei, the product competitiveness of Dreamer will be greatly enhanced, and it will attack the MPV market that Tengshi D9 has been occupying.

Warrior and Huawei
Warrior 917 Huawei Intelligent Driving Edition (guess)
Level:Large SUV
Price:Estimated 650,000-700,000 yuan (guess)
Time to market:Release this year (guess)
Energy type:Pure electric

　　The new products of Warrior and Huawei have not been officially disclosed yet, but the official said that the cooperation between Warrior and Huawei will open a new era of luxury electric off-road intelligence in China. Therefore, the cooperative model will still be a model that deeply cultivates the luxury off-road market. It may be a 917, or it may be a new model. It will make off-road vehicles more intelligent and enter the previous blank market.

Warrior 917

　　It can be seen that after the HI model is joined, the product prices of Huawei cooperation will be more comprehensive, especially in the price range of 150,000-300,000 yuan, and more products will be launched. At the same time, compared with the similar product styles of HarmonyOS Zhixing family, HI mode models will also introduce more differentiated models, bringing more products and forming complementary advantages.

　　In addition to the above products and models, Huawei has previously signed contracts with brands such as Zero Run and Kaiyi, but the scope of cooperation will be smaller and will not involve the research and development of vehicle products. Zero Run will enable HarmonyOS native Application development on its app. Kaiyi jointly develops smart car life services based on Huawei’s terminal cloud application ecology, AI and smart full-scenario services, and payment services.

Write at the end:

　　Huawei’s family is growing and becoming a force to be reckoned with in the industry. Both HarmonyOS Zhixing and Hi model have rapidly expanded Huawei’s influence in the automobile industry, and indeed brought many phenomenal products. And perhaps the models we introduced today are just the tip of the iceberg. With the breakthrough of sales of more Huawei models, perhaps more new models will join. (Text/car home Qin Chao)

　　() The Record Form of Investor Relations Activities was released on November 28th. On November 24th, 2022, the company was investigated by eight institutions, including other institutions, fund companies and securities companies.

　　The main contents of investor relations activities are introduced:

　　The main contents of this investor relations activity are as follows (in the form of questions from research institutions and answers from company executives):

　　Q: What are the opportunities and growth points of the company’s financial technology business under the background of localization?

　　A: The company is determined to be a full-stack solution provider of "terminal+application+service development", further promoting the strategic layout and key research and development work of innovative projects such as digital currency, supply chain finance, and localization project of OpenHarmony system. Relying on the technology and precipitation capacity accumulated in the field of financial technology since its establishment, the company has strengthened independent innovation of financial digital technology and promoted the transformation of results and business development. Continuously enhance the company’s market position and influence in the industry, and help the company achieve the medium and long-term goal of "developing into a head enterprise in the self-help and payment market segment in the field of financial technology" faster.

　　(1) In 2021, the company has established in-depth cooperation with Tongxin, completed the compatibility test of CPU manufacturers, terminal adaptation and product pilot work of big banks such as China Bank, and made breakthrough progress in the market expansion of Xinchuang products of many small and medium-sized commercial banks.

　　In addition, the company joined the Innovation Working Committee led by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Financial Innovation Ecological Laboratory led by the People’s Bank of China, and became a member unit, actively participating in the work of various working groups and the discussion of standards. The company actively laid out the Xinchuang industry and launched a full-stack solution from product design, hardware research and development, software platform and application deployment.

　　(2) The company has built its own operating system for Xinchuang Cloud, and participated in the formulation of standards for Xinchuang Cloud in Hunan Province. The operating system has built an IAAS layer operating service platform for cloud computing that can support multiple services, upgraded and expanded cloud products and services based on state secrets such as Zhengtong Cloud Stack, Cloud Pool, Cloud Fixation, Cloud Monitoring, Cloud Number and Yuntai, and is committed to providing customers with safe, independent, controllable and credible cloud hosts and platforms.

　　(3) With the increasing number of pilot projects in digital currency and the popularization of scenario-based applications, the related transformation needs of existing systems and business processes will appear intensively, which will bring a lot of opportunities to companies related to the industrial chain and be conducive to the development of the company’s financial technology business.

　　The company has carried out a complete set of research work on digital currency’s secure payment scheme around key areas such as encryption algorithm in digital currency, digital wallet equipment and its application, payment module and payment equipment in digital currency, and bill acquiring equipment in digital currency, and can provide application development solutions for connecting digital RMB payment to banking system according to customers’ needs. At present, it has been successfully applied by a number of merchants in large commercial centers, and is actively promoting the pilot construction of more scenarios such as gas stations, medical health, and supermarket services, and exploring more value-added services of financial technology.

　　(4) The company joined the Open Atomic Open Source Foundation as a silver donor in 2021, and officially became a member of the OpenHarmony ("Open Source HarmonyOS") project group. At present, the company is a member of the OpenHarmony Ecological Committee and a vice president of the Financial Payment Committee. Up to now, the company’s existing financial intelligent terminal ZT8669 equipment, telemedicine intelligent terminal KS8123, commercial application intelligent terminal ZT8623 and special secure payment suite ZT925 have passed the compatibility XTS test of the Open Atomic Foundation and obtained the compatibility certificate of the OpenHarmony ecological products. At the same time, the company also released the release of "Zhengtong SecOS" financial IoT operating system. After the release passed the compatibility evaluation, the company quickly developed the cloud horn product KS8303 based on this release and passed the compatibility evaluation. At present, the cloud horn product based on "Zhengtong SecOS" has been put into practice in the market.

　　Based on the precise application requirements of scene-based financial services, ZT8669 intelligent terminal and telemedicine service terminal KS8123 built by the company innovatively integrated the full-scene payment capabilities (bank card, passbook, code scanning, face brushing, digital RMB, etc.), realizing the business expansion and innovation of payment+industry, adopting modular integration technology, and supporting the configuration of different interactive components (card readers such as social security card, gas card and electricity card) for different industries. ZT8669 is based on image system, equipped with AI, big data and other innovative technologies, combined with business process reengineering, improves the closed-loop ecology of financial services, forms the integration of "production, supply, marketing and loans" in economies of scale industries, implements the development strategy of digital villages in the State Council, and undertakes the mission of revitalizing inclusive finance and rural areas.

　　Q: Does the company’s financial technology business expand in other industries besides banks?

　　A:The company uses "scenario"+Strategy promotes the design, research and development, sales and operation and maintenance of self-service terminal products.serviceThe ability to innovate, and constantly optimize the "product"+Scheme "mode, enrich products andserviceBased on the application scenario, the paper constructs the hardware customization, software.platformThe whole process integration of terminal manufacturing, supply chain management and information system maintenance.Service platform.

　　The company gives full play to the advantages of technology and safe payment in flexible customized production of self-service terminals, and constantly explores new markets in the business field of self-service terminals. The business field gradually expands from banking to finance, banking, real estate, transportation, lottery, government affairs and other industries. Provide customers with self-service terminal products such as intelligent teller machines, intelligent government affairs terminals, intelligent banking and medical terminals, intelligent counters, financial space capsules, and smart real estate.

　　This year, the company provided smart real estate and other self-service terminal products for well-known real estate customers to help customers realize intelligent transformation in real estate sales, property management and other processes, reduce related labor costs, and achieve cost reduction and efficiency improvement. By radiating customer service management centers and after-sales service outlets across the country, the company provides customers with accurate, timely and professional after-sales service, payment terminal outsourcing service and outsourcing operation service, which enhances the added value of financial technology products and services, enhances the stickiness with customers, and further increases the market competitiveness of the company’s main business.

　　Q: Is there any further plan for the company’s financial technology business to go to sea?

　　A: With the rapid increase of overseas mobile payment penetration, the number of overseas electronic payment users is increasing, and the electronic payment scenarios are constantly enriched. The demand for smart POS terminals, mobile POS terminals and tax-controlled POS terminals in the international market is growing steadily.

　　This year, the company established the International Business Development Department of the Financial Technology Security Payment Division, opened a new business layout on the basis of the original overseas business, increased the construction of overseas localization teams, actively explored overseas markets and new sales channels of financial technology business in Europe, South America and Africa under the current international environment, built brand awareness, exported advanced technologies and services such as () payment to overseas markets, and provided customers with a "cloud+network+terminal" comprehensive financial technology solution to create financial technology.

　　Q: What is the company’s business in rural revitalization?

　　A: The company actively responded to the deployment requirements of the national rural revitalization strategy and the Opinions on Financial Support to Consolidate and Expand the Achievements of Poverty Alleviation and Promote Rural Revitalization in an All-round Way. Relying on the company’s technology and accumulation in the field of financial technology, based on the physical environment and actual needs of rural financial services, combined with the development trend of Bank inclusive finance and Bank4.0, the company cooperated with banks to develop products such as "Yunongtong", which was equipped with various businesses such as finance, government affairs, social security, medical care and public services, and was obtained in rural areas. In the future, the company will continue to strengthen cooperation with various banking institutions, research and develop corresponding smart financial payment terminals and supporting services and applications, and help customers of financial institutions such as banks to promote inclusive finance services and rural financial services to the vast rural areas and serve rural revitalization.

　　Q: What is the planning and layout of the company’s IDC business?

　　A: The company adheres to the "IDC+" strategy and focuses on the first-line data center market. It has invested in seven energy-efficient data centers in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the central region, and has about 17,500 4.4kW standard cabinets with operating conditions, of which about 12,000 are located in the core cities of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area (Shenzhen, Guangzhou and Dongguan), with obvious scale advantages and location advantages. Tencent, Ping An Communication, Baidu, Ali and Dongguan.

　　The company insists on being a service provider of cloud operators, and will fully expand and reserve more high-quality data center resources by revitalizing endogenous resources and taking the opportunity to carry out outreach acquisitions, so as to consolidate the company’s large-scale competitive advantage in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area and the central region. At the same time, according to the needs of cloud operators and the company’s business development, the company will continuously optimize the regional layout of data centers, expand the data center resources of core node cities such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta and western China in a timely manner, and better provide basic IDC services for cloud operators.

　　At the same time, the company actively responded to the requirements of national policies such as "peak carbon dioxide emissions" and "carbon neutrality", promoted the construction of green data centers, and took a green development path of high efficiency, low carbon, intensive and recycling. In 2021, the company continued to strengthen the refined management of data center operation and maintenance, and the overall PUE value of the company’s data center decreased by about 0.07 compared with 2020. Shayungu Data Center, the head of the company, was awarded as "National Green Data Center", and the project of Smart Bright Cloud Data Center adopted the solution that indirect evaporative cooling units were used in series with precision air conditioning. After it was put into production, it could effectively realize energy saving and emission reduction, and the designed PUE value was not higher than 1.25.

　　In addition, the Operation and Maintenance Management of Evaporative Cooling Air Conditioning System in Data Center, which was drafted by the company, was officially released and implemented, which stipulated the objectives, scope and methods of operation and maintenance management of evaporative cooling air conditioning system in data center, and played a normative and guiding role in realizing the standardization, safety and timeliness of operation and maintenance of evaporative cooling air conditioning system in data center. The company continues to strengthen the refined management of data center operation and maintenance, optimize the operation parameters of HVAC equipment through self-developed energy management system, purchase energy-saving products such as magnetic suspension refrigerator and widely use cooling technologies such as indirect evaporative refrigeration, plate replacement and liquid cooling to continuously optimize energy-saving effectiveness and achieve cost reduction and efficiency increase;

　　The main businesses of Shenzhen Zhengtong Electronics Co., Ltd. are financial technology business, IDC and cloud computing business, and lighting technology business. The company’s main products include IDC business, cloud computing business, self-service terminal, payment products (including cloud horn, face recognition payment terminal, financial POS, smart POS, secure payment suite, scanning terminal, desktop intelligent terminal, etc.), encrypted keyboard, tax control terminal, intelligent network integrated service platform, electronic fiscal and taxation equipment management platform, contract energy management, urban road lighting project, landscape lighting project and related derivative engineering business. The company is one of the earliest high-tech enterprises to research and develop financial electronic equipment in China. It owns the Shenzhen Municipal Research and Development Center, is the designated unit for research and development, production and sales of national commercial password products and the national industrialization base for financial payment information security products, and has accumulated strong technical research and development strength in the field of financial technology.

　　Details of participating institutions are as follows:

　　On March 28th, 2023, local time in Seoul, South Korea, Ren Zhuyuan, spokesman of the Korean Foreign Ministry, answered questions about the examination and approval results of Japanese government primary school textbooks. Vision china diagram

　　On March 28th, local time, the South Korean Foreign Ministry summoned the Japanese general minister to lodge a solemn protest against the Japanese government’s approval of textbooks containing "improper claims". The South Korean side pointed out that these textbooks "distorted history" and played down the crimes committed during the Japanese aggression. At the same time, they advocated Japan’s sovereignty over Dokdo (called Zhudao in Japan). The South Korean side deeply regretted it and asked Japan to correct it.

　　Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology announced earlier that day that 149 primary school textbooks had been approved and will be used in the 2024 school year.

　　After analyzing the sample books, Yonhap News Agency found that the Japanese side played down what it did during its colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula from 1910 to 1945 in the new textbooks. For example, when describing Koreans who were forcibly recruited into the army, the new textbook changed to the word "joining the army", which is consistent with the Japanese claim that these people "voluntarily" joined the army.

　　In another textbook, Japan called Zhudao its inherent territory, which was illegally occupied by South Korea at this stage.

　　This island is located in the eastern waters of the Korean peninsula, covering an area of about 0.18 square kilometers. South Korea, North Korea and Japan all claim sovereignty over it. At present, the island is actually controlled by South Korea.

　　In addition, the South Korean side also pointed out that the new Japanese textbooks downplayed the relevant expressions of forced labor during World War II.

　　On the 28th, Zhao Xiandong, the first official of the South Korean Foreign Ministry, summoned Naoki Kumatani, the Japanese ambassador to South Korea, to protest against the Japanese practice. According to South Korean media, due to the temporary return of Japanese ambassador to South Korea Xiang Xing Koichi, the South Korean side summoned Naoki Kumatani as the temporary charge d ‘affaires instead. On-site photos show that Naoki Kumatani walked into the South Korean Foreign Ministry building in Seoul with a serious expression.

　　South Korean Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Lin Zhu Yong said in a statement that Japan’s claim to have sovereignty over Dokdo is "unreasonable" and unacceptable. South Korea deeply regrets and urges Japan to show sincerity and correct the problem.

　　An official of the South Korean Foreign Ministry said that although relations between South Korea and Japan have improved recently, territorial disputes, textbooks and "comfort women" between the two countries have not been resolved, and this has not changed. The ROK will continue to communicate with the Japanese side through diplomatic channels and demand that the textbook issue be corrected.

　　In response to the request of the ROK, the Japanese side has not responded.

　　This is not the first time that a "textbook storm" has occurred in Korea and Japan. In April, 2021, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan approved the application of five publishing houses to modify or delete the related expressions of "comfort women" in textbooks, and agreed to change "comfort women with the army" into "comfort women" and "forced removal" into "forced mobilization" or "expropriation" in an attempt to wash away the Japanese war crimes. The South Korean Foreign Ministry deeply regrets this and urges Japan to show its sincerity in solving historical problems between the two countries.

　　Medical technicians in Cihu High-tech Zone, Ma ‘anshan City, Anhui Province are developing COVID-19 pharmaceutical core intermediates. Wang Wensheng photo/bright picture

　　Workers of a pharmaceutical company in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province work in the pharmaceutical production workshop. Xinhua news agency

　　　 [Endeavour, New Journey, New Era, Great Change]

　　　 Since the reform of evaluation in 2015, National Medical Products Administration has approved 95 innovative drugs and approved 155 innovative medical devices to be listed.

　　　 Five Covid-19 vaccines were approved for conditional marketing, two Covid-19 vaccines were approved for emergency use, and 34 vaccine varieties with five technical routes entered clinical trials.

　　　 106 novel coronavirus detection reagents were approved, including 38 nucleic acid detection reagents, 37 antibody detection reagents and 31 antigen detection reagents.

　　　 "The quality of registration application materials is not high, and it needs to be supplemented and improved many times during the review process, which seriously affects the efficiency of review and approval; Repeated construction and application of generic drugs, vicious competition in the market, and the quality of some generic drugs is far from the international advanced level; The listing approval time of new drugs urgently needed in clinic is too long, and drug research and development institutions and researchers cannot apply for drug registration, which affects the enthusiasm of drug innovation. "

　　　 This is a frank and incisive analysis of drugs and medical devices related to people’s lives and health in a the State Council document seven years ago. This analysis resonates with the confusion of the people: Why are some drugs "slower" to market in China than in foreign countries? Why do some people go overseas to purchase medicines?

　　　 The full name of the the State Council document is Opinions on Reforming the Examination and Approval System of Medicines and Medical Devices, which was issued in August 2015, thus kicking off the reform of the examination and approval system of medicines and medical devices in China (hereinafter referred to as the examination and approval reform). Especially since its establishment in 2018, National Medical Products Administration has continuously deepened the reform of evaluation, encouraged the innovation of drugs and medical devices, improved the quality of drugs and medical devices, increased effective supply, and effectively guaranteed people’s health and life safety.

1. The backlog of registration applications has been solved.

　　　 The quality of drugs and medical devices is related to everyone’s health and safety, which is the original intention of implementing the review and approval system. However, if the evaluation efficiency is too low, it will lead to the lag of product listing time, which will also affect people’s health and safety. After all, disease waits for no one.

　　　 Take drugs as an example. In the past, the backlog of drug registration applications in China was serious, with a maximum of 22,000 applications. Many drugs have to wait several years for approval after they apply for registration. Pharmaceutical companies are helpless and patients are miserable.

　　　 How to speed up the review? This is the first problem to be solved in the reform. The drug regulatory authorities, seeing the move, launched a series of powerful measures — —

　　　 Full implementation of the implied license system for 60-day expiration of drug clinical trials, which is one-third shorter than the 90-day review time limit before the reform.

　　　 We will establish and improve the procedures for accelerating the listing and registration of drugs, optimize the review and approval process, and give priority to the clinical shortage of drugs, anticancer drugs, drugs for children, drugs for rare diseases, drugs for major infectious diseases, vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control, and innovative high-end medical devices, thus greatly shortening the review time limit.

　　　 Drugs that show efficacy in early clinical trials can be conditionally approved for marketing and used in urgent need patients who can’t wait any longer.

　　　 … … … …

　　　 As a drug technical evaluation institution, National Medical Products Administration Drug Evaluation Center has also strengthened the management of evaluation items, refined the evaluation sequence, strengthened the management of time limit, set up special groups, increased reviewers, revised the evaluation points, standardized technical requirements, etc., and the evaluation standards, quality and efficiency of drugs have been greatly improved.

　　　 "From the peak in 2015, there was a backlog of more than 20,000 applications. By 2018, more than 90% of them were reviewed within the time limit, and China’s drug review and approval entered the fast lane." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Drug Registration of National Medical Products Administration told the reporter that, for example, in terms of new drugs urgently needed overseas, by the end of 2021, 51 new drugs urgently needed overseas were approved for listing, among which the review of rare diseases drugs was completed within 3 months, and the review of other drugs urgently needed clinically was completed within 6 months, which greatly shortened the time for listing new drugs urgently needed overseas in China.

2. The innovation enthusiasm of the pharmaceutical industry has been stimulated.

　　　 The backlog of applications has been solved, and the speed of drug listing has been accelerated. However, in order to meet the people’s drug demand, new drugs need to be put on the market continuously. Encouraging drug innovation is the core of evaluation reform.

　　　 In 2015, the Opinions on Reforming the Examination and Approval System of Drugs and Medical Devices raised the standards for drug approval, and changed the new drugs from "drugs that were not marketed in China" to "drugs that were not marketed in China or abroad", that is, "global new". Two years later, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, and made special arrangements for the innovation of pharmaceutical and medical devices.

　　　 The reporter learned that in order to encourage the research and development of innovative drugs and medical devices, National Medical Products Administration not only gave support in priority evaluation, but also formulated a series of technical guiding principles, such as "Technical Requirements for Application for Pharmaceutical Common Problems in Phase I Clinical Trials of Innovative Chemicals", to guide the application for research and development of innovative products. Reviewers will also take the initiative to communicate with R&D producers in key review links such as pre-clinical, clinical and pre-listing, so as to avoid detours.

　　　 "The review reform encourages clinical value-oriented drug innovation, optimizes the review and approval procedures for innovative drugs, and accelerates the review of innovative drugs that are urgently needed in clinic, which greatly stimulates the research and development vitality of pharmaceutical companies." The relevant person in charge of Renfu Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. told reporters that in recent years, a number of new drugs have been approved for listing in this enterprise, and new breakthroughs have been achieved in innovation capability.

　　　 Among many reform measures, the system of drug marketing license holders deserves attention. Previously, only pharmaceutical manufacturers could apply for drug registration. In order to register drugs, researchers and research institutions must first invest and build factories themselves. This management system of product registration and production license is not conducive to drug innovation. In 2015, China launched a pilot system of drug marketing license holders in 10 provinces and cities, and drug research and development institutions and researchers can apply for registered drugs. Expert analysis pointed out that this move reduced the capital investment and time cost of drug developers, and new drugs could be listed three to five years in advance. In 2019, the drug marketing license holder system was written into the newly revised drug administration law and was fully implemented nationwide.

　　　 According to National Medical Products Administration, in recent years, China has made great progress in the development of innovative drugs. From 2018 to 2021, the number of innovative drugs approved for marketing increased year by year, with 11, 12, 20 and 45, respectively, including Covid-19 vaccines and clinically urgent therapeutic drugs in the fields of tumors, immune system diseases and rare diseases. The pace of medical device innovation is also accelerating. In 2021, 35 innovative medical devices were approved for listing, which is the largest number of innovative products approved in recent years.

3. Consistency evaluation improves the efficacy of generic drugs.

　　　 In recent years, many drugs that were originally expensive began to reduce their prices. Careful observation shows that there is a "hero" behind the decline in drug prices — — Generic drugs.

　　　 Innovative drugs provide new options for treating diseases and saving lives, but for the vast majority of patients, generic drugs are their life. According to National Medical Products Administration, China’s modern pharmaceutical industry started late, and the production of drugs is mainly imitation. More than 95% of the chemicals that have been approved for marketing are generic drugs.

　　　 Generic drugs are imitations of the original drug after the patent protection period expires, and the price is much lower than that of the original drug. In the past, China’s generic drug evaluation and approval standards were not high, and there was a lack of high-quality generic drugs, and the curative effect was very different from that of the original drug.

　　　 Improving the quality and efficacy of generic drugs is an important goal of evaluation reform, and the solution is the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy — — For generic drugs that have been approved for marketing, the evaluation should be carried out according to the principle of consistency with the quality and efficacy of the original drug. The core is that generic drugs should reach the level consistent with the original drug in quality and efficacy, and can replace the original drug in clinic.

　　　 "There are several key issues in carrying out consistency evaluation, one is the selection and determination of reference preparations, the other is the determination of technical standards, and the third is to strictly follow the procedures." According to the person in charge of National Medical Products Administration, the Bureau ensured the smooth development of generic drug conformity evaluation by improving the evaluation system, strictly evaluating standards, strengthening service guidance and optimizing the workflow. At present, 4677 specifications of generic reference preparations have been published, and 2044 specifications and 437 varieties have been applied for through consistency evaluation.

　　　 Consistency evaluation puts generic drugs on the right track, and ultimately benefits the people. Since the pilot of centralized drug procurement and use organized by the state was launched nationwide in 2019, a number of domestic generic drugs won the bid. Medical insurance, health insurance and other departments have organized medical institutions to carry out research on 14 representative generic drugs that won the bid, and confirmed that these 14 generic drugs that passed the consistency evaluation are clinically equivalent to the original drugs. Generic drugs with the same efficacy as the original drug are not only cheaper, but also further reduce the price of the original drug under competitive pressure, greatly reducing the burden of patients.

4, emergency review and approval for epidemic prevention and control to provide a strong guarantee.

　　　 4 days, which is the time for China to complete the review and approval of the first Covid-19 nucleic acid detection reagent and sequencing reagent in the world.

　　　 On January 20, 2020, National Medical Products Administration Instrument Center started the emergency work overnight, and the reviewers stayed up all night to connect with the enterprises one by one, and the review and research and development were carried out simultaneously. On January 26th, the first batch of four in vitro diagnostic reagent products were approved for marketing, which provided an effective detection method for the first line of anti-epidemic.

　　　 The outbreak of epidemic situation in COVID-19 challenges the evaluation reform. Xu Jinghe, deputy director of National Medical Products Administration, said at the Boao Forum for Asia in 2021 that the role of drug supervision departments in epidemic prevention and control has changed, from reviewers to instructors, working with enterprises to speed up product listing.

　　　 It is understood that National Medical Products Administration made every effort to carry out emergency review and approval during the epidemic. Five Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing, two Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use, and 34 vaccine varieties from five technical routes have entered clinical trials. Organized the formulation of three technical guidelines for research and development of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19, approved 58 applications for clinical trials of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19, and approved the registration and listing of Qingfei Detoxification Granules, Huashi Detoxification Granules and Xuanfei Detoxification Granules. 106 novel coronavirus detection reagents were approved to effectively meet the needs of epidemic prevention and control.

　　　 The epidemic is not over yet, and the emergency review and approval is still going on. As long as people’s health needs it, the evaluation reform will not stop. The drug supervision departments and reviewers have been speeding up on the road of realizing healthy China, so as to run out of acceleration for people’s health.

　　　 (Reporter Chen Haibo)

Zhongxin. com, Chengdu, September 6 (Reporter He Yuqing) The reporter learned from the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League on the 6 th that the Sichuan Youth Development Foundation, the Sichuan Youth Federation and the Sichuan Young Entrepreneurs Association jointly issued the "Proposal for Emergency Relief Action of the" 9.5 "Luding Earthquake Hope Project in Sichuan Province" on the same day, urging caring enterprises and individuals from all walks of life to donate generously and actively support the earthquake-stricken areas. The proposal also announced the donation method and contact information of material donation.

　　The original text of the proposal is as follows:

　　Proposal for Emergency Relief Action of Hope Project of "9.5" Luding Earthquake in Sichuan Province

　　At 12: 52 on September 5, 2022, an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred in Luding County, Sichuan Province, with a focal depth of 16 kilometers. The disasters in Luding County of Ganzi Prefecture and Shimian County of Ya ‘an City in our province were serious. Sichuan people once again face the pain of the earthquake. At this moment, the disaster area needs our help!

　　In order to help teenagers and families with special difficulties in disaster areas get out of the shadow of the earthquake as soon as possible, return to school, resume production and rebuild their hopes, Sichuan Youth Development Foundation, Sichuan Youth Federation and Sichuan Young Entrepreneurs Association jointly launched "Sichuan Province ‘ 9·5’ Luding Earthquake Hope Project Emergency Relief Action ",mobilizing caring enterprises and individuals from all walks of life to support the earthquake-stricken areas. According to the current situation, the three contents of this emergency relief operation are drawn up: first, to raise much-needed living security materials for the disaster-stricken areas; The second is to raise funds to carry out humanistic and mental health care for the people in the disaster areas; The third is to raise grants and relief funds for young students in disaster areas (donate 1000 yuan to fund a primary school or junior high school student in disaster areas; Donate 3000 yuan to support a high school or vocational school student in the disaster area; Donate 5000 yuan to help a college freshman in the disaster area; Donate 10000 yuan to help a student and family with special difficulties in the disaster area.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law

(Adopted at the Second Session of the 14th the NPC Standing Committee on April 26th, 2023)

　　catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevent and control ecological risks, ensure ecological security, build a highland of national ecological civilization, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to activities related to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Where there are no provisions in this law, the provisions of other relevant laws shall apply.

　　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as mentioned in this Law refers to all administrative regions of Xizang Autonomous Region and Qinghai provinces and relevant county-level administrative regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Yunnan Province.

　　Article 3 The ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall respect, conform to and protect nature. Adhere to ecological protection first, natural restoration first, and keep the natural ecological security boundary; Adhere to overall coordination, classified policies, scientific prevention and control, and systematic governance.

　　Article 4 The State shall establish a coordination mechanism for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make overall guidance and comprehensive coordination for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, review major policies, major plans and major projects for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, coordinate major issues across regions and departments, and supervise and inspect the implementation of relevant important work.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

　　Article 5 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall implement the responsibilities of ecological protection and restoration, prevention and control of ecological risks, optimization of industrial structure and layout, and maintenance of ecological security on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Relevant places on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen cooperation in the formulation of local regulations and local government rules, planning, supervision and law enforcement as needed, and jointly promote ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 6 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall incorporate the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into the national economic and social development plan.

　　According to the division of responsibilities, the relevant departments of the State Council organize the preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the implementation of major ecological restoration projects, and promote the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, organize the implementation of relevant special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in their respective administrative areas. The preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be scientifically demonstrated and evaluated.

　　Article 7 The State shall strengthen the investigation on the natural resources and ecological environment of the land, forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts, wild animals and plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, carry out the evaluation on the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment and the suitability of national space development, improve the monitoring network system of ecological environment, natural resources, biodiversity, hydrology, meteorology, geology, soil and water conservation and natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and promote comprehensive monitoring, collaborative monitoring and normalization monitoring. Investigation, evaluation and monitoring information shall be shared in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 8 The State encourages and supports scientific investigation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strengthens research on major scientific and technological issues and major scientific and technological infrastructure construction in the fields of climate change, biodiversity, ecological protection and restoration, hydrology and water resources, snow mountain glacier frozen soil, soil and water conservation, desertification control, river and lake evolution, geological environment, natural disaster monitoring, early warning and prevention, development, utilization and protection of energy and climate resources, carbon sequestration of ecosystems, etc., and promotes long-term research work to master the ecological background and changes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state makes overall arrangements for the scientific and technological innovation platform for ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increases the training of scientific and technological professionals, makes full use of the scientific investigation and research achievements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, popularizes and applies advanced and applicable technologies, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and gives full play to the supporting role of science and technology in ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 9 Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels shall take effective measures to protect the traditional ecological and cultural heritage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and promote the excellent ecological culture of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the publicity and education of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, spread the concept of ecological civilization, advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, improve the quality of ecological civilization of the whole people, and encourage and support units and individuals to participate in activities related to ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The news media should take various forms to carry out propaganda and reports on ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and supervise the illegal activities by public opinion according to law.

　　Tenth units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Article 11 The state shall make overall plans for the ecological security layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promote the comprehensive management, systematic management and source management of grass, sand and ice in mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes, implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, optimize the ecological security barrier system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with water conservation, biodiversity protection, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and carbon sequestration of ecosystems as its main ecological functions, improve the quality, diversity, stability and sustainability of ecosystems, enhance the supply capacity of ecological products and the service function of ecosystems, and build a national ecological security barrier strategy.

　　Article 12 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize the compilation of the territorial space planning of their respective administrative areas, and shall implement the relevant requirements of the state for the development and protection of the territorial space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make detailed arrangements for the functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology and towns, and make overall plans to delimit cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, the red line of ecological protection and the development boundary of cities and towns. The special planning involving the use of land and space in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be linked with the land and space planning.

　　Thirteenth Qinghai-Tibet Plateau land space development and utilization activities should meet the requirements of land space use control. The conversion of uses in the ecological space of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be conducive to enhancing the ecological functions of forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts and other ecosystems.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the supervision and management of human activities within the red line of ecological protection and regularly evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection.

　　Article 14 The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the ecological environment and the utilization of resources in their respective administrative areas, and in accordance with the requirements of the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality and the on-line utilization of resources, strictly formulate the ecological environment zoning control plan and the ecological environment access list, and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record before implementation. Eco-environmental zoning control scheme and eco-environmental access list should be connected with national land spatial planning.

　　Article 15 The state strengthens the protection of forests, alpine meadows, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, plateau permafrost, deserts, spring areas and other ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Consolidate and upgrade the ecological function areas of grassland meadow wetland in Sanjiangyuan (the birthplace of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River), Zoige grassland wetland ecological function area, Gannan Yellow River important water supply ecological function area, Qilian Mountain glacier and water conservation ecological function area, Altun grassland desertification control ecological function area, Sichuan-Yunnan forest and biodiversity ecological function area, forest ecological function area on the edge of southeast Tibet Plateau, Qiangtang Plateau desert ecological function area in northwest Tibet, Ecological functions of national key ecological function area, such as water conservation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, etc.

　　Article 16 The State supports the construction of a nature reserve system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. People’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have set up national parks, nature reserves, natural parks and other nature reserves in the complete distribution areas of important typical ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, sensitive areas of ecological environment, natural concentrated distribution areas of rare, endangered or endemic wild animals and plants, important habitats, important natural relics and important natural landscapes, and promoted the construction of nature reserves such as Sanjiangyuan, Qilian Mountain, Qiangtang, Mount Everest, Gaoligongshan and Gongga Mountain to maintain important natural ecosystems.

　　Article 17 The industrial structure and layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be compatible with the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, resources and environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the requirements of national spatial planning, adjust the industrial structure, optimize the layout of productive forces, give priority to the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly industries, moderately develop eco-tourism, characteristic culture, characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry, ethnic handicrafts and other regional characteristic eco-industries, and establish and improve a green, low-carbon and circular economy system.

　　The construction and expansion of industrial projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the functional orientation of the regional main body and the requirements of the national industrial policy, and strictly implement the provisions on natural resource development, industrial access and exit.

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Article 18 The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, adheres to the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, sand and ice, and implements the systematic management of giving priority to natural restoration and combining natural restoration with artificial restoration.

　　Article 19 The relevant departments and local people’s governments in the State Council shall strengthen the ecological protection and restoration work in the Three Rivers source area, systematically protect and classify the national parks established according to law, scientifically adopt measures such as grazing prohibition and enclosure, intensify the control of degraded grasslands, degraded wetlands, desertified land and soil erosion, and comprehensively rectify severely degraded land; All kinds of resource development and utilization activities that destroy ecological functions or do not meet the requirements of differentiated management and control are strictly prohibited.

　　Article 20 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the protection system of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and strengthen the monitoring, early warning and systematic protection of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should include large-scale ice cap glaciers and small-scale glaciers in the red line of ecological protection, implement closed protection for important snow-capped glaciers, and take effective measures to strictly control human disturbance.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall delimit the scope of protection of permafrost regions, strengthen the protection of permafrost regions and mid-deep seasonal permafrost regions, strictly control the development of resources in permafrost regions, and strictly examine and approve major engineering projects such as town planning, transportation, pipelines and power transmission and transformation in permafrost regions.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out the coordinated protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and the surrounding ecosystems, and maintain the natural ecological environment conducive to the protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil.

　　Article 21 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the management and protection system for rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the system of long rivers and lakes, and increase the protection of key rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, and key lakes such as Qinghai Lake, Zhaling Lake, Ering Lake, Selinchuo, Namco, Yangzhuo Yongcuo and Mapang Yongcuo.

　　The management scope of rivers and lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be scientifically delineated and promulgated by the relevant local people’s governments at or above the county level according to law. It is forbidden to illegally use or occupy rivers, lakes and coastlines on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 22 The development and utilization of water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the comprehensive planning of river basins, adhere to scientific development and rational utilization, coordinate all kinds of water demand, give consideration to the interests of upstream and downstream, main tributaries and left and right banks, give full play to the comprehensive benefits of water resources, and ensure water safety and ecological safety.

　　Article 23 The state strictly protects natural grasslands in important ecological locations such as the source of great rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and classifies grasslands that play the most basic and important role in safeguarding national ecological security and ensuring the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry as basic grasslands according to law. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the protection of grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implement stricter protection and management of basic grasslands, and ensure that the area is not reduced, the quality is not degraded, and the use is not changed.

　　The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of alpine meadows and grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should optimize the construction of grassland fences, take effective measures to protect the original vegetation of grasslands, scientifically promote the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, and implement comprehensive management of degraded grasslands such as black soil beaches.

　　Article 24 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall coordinate the grassland ecological protection and the development of animal husbandry in an overall way, and, in light of the local actual conditions, regularly check the carrying capacity of grasslands, implement the balance between grass and livestock, scientifically delimit grazing prohibition areas, and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Grassland severely degraded, desertified, salinized and rocky desertification and grassland in ecologically fragile areas shall be prohibited from grazing and closed for grazing.

　　Grassland contractors shall make rational use of grasslands and shall not exceed the approved livestock carrying capacity of grasslands; Measures such as planting and storing forage, increasing forage supply, adjusting livestock and optimizing herd structure are taken to keep the balance between forage and livestock.

　　Article 25 The state comprehensively strengthens the protection of natural forests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strictly restricts the cutting of natural forests, strengthens the protection of native zonal vegetation, optimizes the structure of forest ecosystem, and improves the shelter forest system in important river basins. The people’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall demarcate public welfare forests in important ecological areas and ecologically fragile areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law and implement strict management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments should scientifically implement land greening, adjust measures to local conditions, rationally allocate arbor, shrub and grass vegetation, give priority to the use of native tree species and grass seeds, improve the quality of greening, and strengthen pest control and forest and grassland fire prevention.

　　Article 26 The State strengthens the protection and restoration of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, enhances the ecological functions of wetlands such as water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity protection, and enhances the carbon sequestration capacity of wetlands.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the coordination of wetland protection, take effective measures, implement the requirements of the total wetland area control target, optimize the spatial layout of wetland protection, strengthen the overall protection of river sources, upper and middle reaches and peat swamp wetlands, and comprehensively rectify and restore wetlands with serious ecological degradation.

　　It is forbidden to exploit peat in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige. It is forbidden to open (enclose) reclamation, drain natural wetlands and other acts that destroy wetlands and their ecological functions.

　　Article 27 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall implement the strictest farmland protection system, take effective measures to improve the basic fertility of cultivated land, enhance the ecological function of cultivated land, and protect and improve the ecological environment of cultivated land; Encourage and support agricultural producers and operators to adopt the methods of combination of cultivation and utilization, saline-alkali land improvement, ecological cycle and comprehensive utilization of wastes, scientifically utilize cultivated land, popularize the use of green and efficient agricultural production technologies, strictly control the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and scientifically dispose of agricultural wastes such as agricultural films and crop straws.

　　Article 28 The competent departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture and rural areas of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, conduct a survey of wildlife species, put forward opinions on implementing protection measures according to the survey, improve the relevant directory system, and strengthen the protection of important habitats of wildlife, migration routes and original habitats of wild plants. Key protection will be given to wild yak, Tibetan antelope, Przewalski’s gazelle, snow leopard, giant panda, Gaoligong white-browed gibbon, black-necked crane, Hucho taiwanensis, yellow river fish with bony lips, black-spotted pheasant, flat-nosed fish, naked carp and Rhodiola crenulata, Cyperaceae in Tibet, snow rabbit and other rare and endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state supports the development of wild animal rescue and breeding bases and the construction of botanical gardens and plateau biological germplasm resources banks, and strengthens the rescue and ex-situ protection of rare, endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize relevant units and individuals to actively carry out comprehensive prevention and control of wildlife damage. If wildlife causes casualties or losses to livestock, crops or other property, compensation shall be given according to law.

　　Article 29 The State strengthens the protection of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements major projects for biodiversity protection, and prevents the destruction of biodiversity.

　　Relevant departments in the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to establish and improve ecological corridors and enhance the integrity and connectivity of ecosystems.

　　Article 30 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their departments in charge of forestry and grassland shall take measures such as the closure and protection of desertified land, the protection and restoration of vegetation, and strengthen the ecological protection of desert and the comprehensive management of desertified land.

　　Article 31 The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take measures such as closed cultivation, rotational grazing, and resettlement, and implement key control projects such as plateau mountains, farmland sand belt, river bank belt, and ecological protection belt to enhance the function of soil and water conservation.

　　Article 32 The water administrative department of the State Council and the people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take effective measures to strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion in the headwaters of the three rivers, the Heihe River Basin of Qilian Mountain, the upper reaches of Jinsha River and Minjiang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the areas where the Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River are in parallel, as well as the key prevention areas and control areas of soil erosion, and the valley areas with relatively dense population.

　　It is forbidden to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is really necessary to build because of the national development strategy and the national economy and people’s livelihood, it should be scientifically demonstrated, and the examination and approval procedures should be handled according to law, and the disturbance scope should be strictly controlled.

　　Article 33 The establishment of exploration rights and mining rights on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the requirements of national spatial planning and mineral resources planning. It is prohibited by law to engage in sand mining and mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in the nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River.

　　Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the prospecting and mining rights holders shall adopt advanced and applicable technologies, equipment and products, and choose environmentally friendly and safe exploration and mining technologies and methods to avoid or reduce the damage to mineral resources and ecological environment; It is forbidden to use technologies, equipment and products that have been explicitly eliminated by the state. Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in eco-environment sensitive areas shall comply with relevant control requirements and take protective measures such as avoidance, mitigation and timely restoration and reconstruction to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　Article 34 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take measures such as eliminating hidden dangers of geological disasters, land reclamation, vegetation restoration and pollution prevention and control according to local conditions, speed up the ecological restoration of mines left over from history, strengthen the supervision and management of mines under construction and operation, and urge mining rights holders to fulfill their responsibilities of mine pollution prevention and ecological restoration according to law.

　　Mining mineral resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should scientifically compile the mining plan of mineral resources and the ecological restoration plan of mining areas. New mines shall be planned, designed, constructed and operated in strict accordance with the standards for green mine construction. Production mines should implement green upgrading, strengthen the operation and management of tailings ponds, and prevent and resolve environmental and safety risks.

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Article 35 The State shall establish and improve the ecological risk prevention and control system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, take effective measures to improve the ability and level of ecological risk prevention and control such as natural disaster prevention and climate change response, and ensure the ecological security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 36 The State shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters such as earthquakes, avalanches, ice collapses, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, glacial lake bursts, frozen soil melting, forest and grassland fires, heavy rains (snows), droughts, etc.

　　When engineering construction is carried out in areas prone to geological disasters, the risk assessment of geological disasters shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, and measures such as project management or relocation and avoidance shall be taken in time.

　　Article 37 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the comprehensive management of natural disasters, raise the standards of natural disaster prevention projects such as earthquakes, mountain torrents, glacial lake bursts and geological disasters, and establish natural disaster prevention projects and non-engineering systems that are compatible with the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Construction and operation units of infrastructure projects such as transportation, water conservancy, electric power, municipal administration and border crossings shall undertake the obligation of prevention and control of natural disasters according to law, take comprehensive control measures, strengthen the prevention and control of natural disasters during project construction and operation, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　Article 38 If major engineering construction may cause ecological and geological environmental impacts, the construction unit shall, according to the conditions of sensitive and fragile areas along the engineering line, formulate ecological and geological environmental monitoring programs along the line and carry out full-life cycle monitoring of ecological and geological environmental impacts, including background monitoring before the project starts, ecological and geological environmental impact monitoring during the engineering construction, and follow-up monitoring of ecological and geological environmental changes and protection and restoration during the engineering operation period.

　　Major projects should avoid important habitats of wild animals, migration routes and natural concentrated distribution areas of national key protected wild plants; If it is impossible to avoid it, measures such as building wildlife passages and ex situ conservation should be taken to avoid or reduce the impact on natural ecosystems and wildlife.

　　Thirty-ninth local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the protection and management of the germplasm resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the investigation and collection of the germplasm resources, and improve the relevant resources protection facilities and databases.

　　It is forbidden to collect or cut natural germplasm resources under special state protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is necessary to collect or cut for scientific research, pest control, natural disaster prevention, etc., approval shall be obtained according to law.

　　Article 40 The relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, make overall plans to promote the prevention and control of alien invasive species in the region, implement the management of examination and approval of alien species introduction, strengthen the prevention and control of alien invasive species at ports, and strengthen the investigation, monitoring, early warning, control, evaluation, removal and ecological restoration of alien invasive species.

　　No unit or individual may introduce, release or discard alien species without approval.

　　Article 41 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of climate change and its comprehensive impact, establish a forecasting system for the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem, climate system, water resources, rare and endangered or endemic wildlife, snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and natural disasters, improve the ecological risk reporting and early warning mechanism, and strengthen the assessment of the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of plateau ecosystem.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out monitoring and risk assessment of the impact of melting and degradation of frozen soil in snow-capped mountains on regional ecosystems.

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Article 42 The State shall increase financial investment in ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the central government shall allocate special funds for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevention and control of ecological risks, etc. The investment in the central budget will tilt the infrastructure and basic public service facilities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should increase capital investment and focus on supporting the construction of ecological protection and restoration projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 43 The State shall increase the financial transfer payment, and compensate the areas with important ecological functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and adding ecological and environmental protection expenditure. The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should fully incorporate the areas with important ecological functions into the scope of compensation transfer payment for ecological protection at the provincial level, and promote the combination of ecological protection and improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　By carrying out the unified registration of natural resources, the state explores and determines the ownership of ecological products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improves the management and development mechanism of ecological products, encourages the creation of regional public brands of ecological products with characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and forms a diversified path to realize the value of ecological products.

　　Article 44 The state provides support for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements financial and tax policies conducive to water conservation, energy conservation, soil and water conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and encourages the development of financial products such as green credit, green bonds and green insurance.

　　The state encourages and supports non-profit organizations and social capital to participate in the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to carry out activities such as ecological product development, industrial development, scientific and technological innovation and technical services.

　　Article 45 The state supports the construction of an energy system based on wind power, photovoltaic power generation, hydropower, water and wind complementary power generation, light and heat, geothermal and other clean energy sources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to local conditions, strengthens the construction of clean energy transmission channels, and promotes the green and low-carbon transformation of energy sources.

　　In addition to ensuring residents’ electricity consumption and consolidating border defense needs, it is forbidden to build new small hydropower projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 46 The development of eco-tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should meet the requirements of resource and ecological protection, respect and maintain local traditional culture and customs, and protect and rationally utilize tourism resources.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, scientifically develop eco-tourism products on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, design tourist routes, and reasonably control the number of tourists and the scale of related infrastructure construction.

　　Organizing or participating in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tourism, mountain outdoor sports and other activities shall abide by safety regulations and civilized behavior norms, and meet the requirements of regional eco-tourism and mountain outdoor sports control and norms; It is forbidden to destroy the natural landscape and grassland vegetation, hunt and collect wild animals and plants.

　　Organize or participate in activities such as tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and outdoor sports in mountainous areas, and should take away the garbage generated by themselves or put it in designated places; It is forbidden to dump or scatter domestic garbage at will.

　　Article 47 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, make overall plans to promote the construction of major infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy and energy, and environmental infrastructure such as the collection and treatment of domestic sewage and garbage, strengthen the ecological protection and restoration in cities and neighboring areas, make overall plans for the construction of comprehensive service facilities in urban and rural communities, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.

　　The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to promote the treatment of rural domestic sewage and garbage, promote the renovation of rural sanitary toilets and rural greening, continuously improve the rural living environment, shape the rural landscape, and build an ecologically livable beautiful countryside.

　　Article 48 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, supervise and inspect various activities of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, investigate and deal with illegal acts, disclose relevant information on ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, and improve the procedures for public participation.

　　Units and individuals have the right to report and accuse illegal acts that pollute the environment and destroy the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law.

　　Article 49 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the capacity building of ecological protection supervision and management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the level of science and technology and informatization, establish a law enforcement coordination mechanism, and carry out joint law enforcement for major illegal cases and illegal cases across administrative regions and ecologically sensitive areas according to law.

　　Article 50 The state implements the performance evaluation system of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and includes the improvement of environmental quality, the effectiveness of ecological protection and the supply capacity of ecological products in the index system.

　　Article 51 The State strengthens the construction of judicial guarantee for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and encourages relevant units to provide legal services for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Administrative law enforcement organs, people’s courts and people’s procuratorates at all levels in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the process of investigating and handling illegal acts of ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, or handling compensation litigation and public interest litigation for damage to natural resources and ecological environment, shall transfer criminal clues to organs with investigation and investigation powers.

　　Article 52 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall regularly report to the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by the people’s governments at the corresponding levels.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 53 If the relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments violate the provisions of this Law and commit dereliction of duty, abuse of power and malpractice in performing relevant duties, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning, demerit, gross demerit or demotion according to law; If serious consequences are caused, he shall be dismissed or expelled, and the principal responsible person shall take the blame and resign.

　　Article 54 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations:

　　(a) engaged in resource development and utilization activities in national parks, causing ecological damage;

　　(2) Exploitation of peat or reclamation and drainage of natural wetlands in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige;

　　(three) to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology;

　　(4) Collecting or cutting natural germplasm resources under special state protection;

　　(5) Introducing, releasing or discarding alien species without authorization;

　　(six) the destruction of natural landscape or grassland vegetation;

　　(7) Hunting and collecting wildlife under special state or local protection.

　　Article 55 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses or occupies rivers, lake waters and coastlines of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be ordered by the water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, dismantle it within a time limit and restore it to its original state, and be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan; If it is not removed or restored to its original state within the time limit, it will be forcibly removed or restored to its original state on its behalf, and the expenses required will be borne by the offender.

　　Article 56 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources and ecological environment to make corrections according to the division of responsibilities, and the illegal income and equipment and tools directly used for illegal mining shall be confiscated; Illegal income of more than one hundred thousand yuan, and impose a fine of ten times more than twenty times the illegal income; If the illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed.

　　Article 57 Where a construction unit builds a small hydropower project in violation of the provisions of this Law, it shall be ordered by the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the construction, and shall be ordered to restore the original state according to the illegal circumstances and harmful consequences, and a fine of not less than 1% but not more than 5% shall be imposed on the construction of total investment of the project.

　　Article 58 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, dumps or scatters domestic garbage at will during tourism and outdoor sports in mountainous areas shall be ordered by the competent department of environmental sanitation or the department designated by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and the individual shall be fined from 100 yuan to 500 yuan, and if the circumstances are serious, a fine of from 500 yuan to 10,000 yuan shall be imposed; A fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit.

　　Article 59 If anyone pollutes the environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or destroys the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and causes damage to others, the infringer shall bear the tort liability.

　　In case of damage to the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau caused by violation of state regulations, the organ prescribed by the state or the organization prescribed by law shall have the right to request the infringer to bear the responsibility for repair, compensate the losses and related expenses.

　　Article 60 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a violation of public security administration shall be given administrative penalties for public security according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 61 The relevant county-level administrative regions stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of this Law shall be determined by the departments authorized by the State Council.

　　Article 62 Provinces, autonomous regions, cities divided into districts and autonomous prefectures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may formulate specific measures for ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in light of local conditions.

　　Article 63 This Law shall come into force as of September 1, 2023.

　　I. Basic functions and main work

　　(1) Main functions

　　Sichuan Writers Association is a people’s organization headed by the provincial party committee and entrusted by the propaganda department of the provincial party committee. It is a bridge and link between the provincial party committee and the provincial government and writers and literary workers. It is also an important social force to prosper the socialist literary and artistic undertakings and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

　　(II) Completion of key tasks in 2016

　　1. Literary activities are rich and colorful. First, key literary activities have high specifications and great influence, and successfully held major literary activities such as the 2016 Xichang Qionghai "Silk Road" International Poetry Week; Second, there are many forms and wide participation in activities such as literary collection and creation of works, and more than 40 times of various theme collection activities such as "commemorating the 95 th anniversary of the founding of the Party and the 80 th anniversary of the victory of the Long March" and "taking the Long March Road again" were organized; Third, the literary exchange activities have a wide coverage and a wide field of vision. We have held discussions and interactions with writers from Hubei, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Xizang and other provinces, held the 2016 writing camp for young writers across the Taiwan Strait, and organized many writers from our province to go to South Korea, Taiwan Province, the United States, Russian and other countries for literary exchanges.

　　2. The effectiveness of training has been enhanced. First, hold six classes of business training in a solid manner; The second is to improve the training methods and take the political theory counseling report as the required content; Third, more than 20 people were actively sent to participate in various business trainings, and their business ability was comprehensively improved.

　　3. Carefully organize and hold the eighth provincial representative meeting. Orderly organized more than 400 representatives to hold 20 consecutive meetings, deliberated and adopted work reports and amendments to the articles of association, elected a new leadership of the Writers’ Association, and formulated work plans for the next five years. The meeting was a complete success and was widely praised by all sectors of society.　

　　4. Literary creation is fruitful. First, the "Deep-rooted" activity gave birth to excellent works, invited grass-roots writers to participate in collecting ideas, revising manuscripts and holding symposiums, organized 13 writers’ teams to go to 20 poverty-stricken counties to carry out activities of "Deep-rooted" collecting ideas, literary lectures, donations and other activities to benefit the people, opened a column of "Deep-rooted" works in the newspaper "Three Journals and One Newspaper", and published more than 1,000 outstanding works of "Deep-rooted" in literary newspapers and periodicals at all levels throughout the year. Second, literary awards are frequently reported. According to incomplete statistics, writers in our province won more than 50 national literary awards throughout the year. Third, the number of important domestic journals publishing and highlighting Sichuan writers’ works has increased significantly. In the whole year, the members of writers’ associations at all levels in the province published a total of 485 literary works, with an annual increase of 11.7%; National key literary journals published 65 literary works (first), with an annual increase of 13.2%; The number of reprinted works in selected periodicals of national key literature increased by 23.5% annually. Fourth, the momentum of online literature creation has not diminished. Two online writers were on the list of online writers in the first half of 2016. The number of film and television transformations of online writers’ works in our province increased, and the comprehensive strength of online literature jumped to the third place in the country.

　　5. Literary positions and the construction of literary industrialization have been vigorously promoted. The position of literature continued to be consolidated, Sichuan Literature, Star Poetry, Contemporary Literary World and Sichuan Writers completed the publishing task according to quality and quantity, and the revision of Sichuan Writers’ Network was completed. The film and television transformation of literary works was accelerated. Three major theme scripts of Alai Studio were created simultaneously.

　　6. Literary criticism and literary combing are more pragmatic. Strengthen the research and discussion on the works of local key writers, publish three series of Studies on Contemporary Writers in Sichuan, and organize more than 30 seminars and revision meetings on Sichuan prose, novels and poems. Comprehensively sort out the general situation of the annual literature, complete the compilation of the 2015 Sichuan Literature Annual Report, and publish the "2015 Sichuan Literature Influence Ranking".

　　7. The goal of "precise poverty alleviation" is clear. Around the goal of "getting rid of poverty in 2017", more than 100 leading cadres and workers visited the help points in depth to express their condolences to poor farmers and form a "pair" with 63 poor households. More than 200,000 yuan of funds and materials were raised to renovate the village weir and pond, repair the office buildings of the village committee, build the drinking water project, build the village cultural room and present a batch of books.

　　Second, the department profile

　　Sichuan Writers Association has six secondary budget units, including one administrative unit and five other institutions.

　　Third, the overall situation of revenue and expenditure accounts

　　In 2016, the annual income of the Provincial Writers Association totaled 27.611 million yuan, of which: the financial allocation income was 24.4704 million yuan, accounting for 88.62%; Business income was 2,461,400 yuan, accounting for 8.91%; Other income was 679,900 yuan, accounting for 2.46%. In 2016, the total revenue of this year decreased by 1,802,600 yuan compared with that of 2015, down by 6.13%. The main reason for the change was the decrease of one-time project funds in the financial allocation revenue in 2016, and the decrease of business and other income was due to the decrease of business publications and sponsorship income.

　　In 2016, the total expenditure of the Provincial Writers Association this year was 28.2218 million yuan, of which: the basic expenditure was 16.8919 million yuan, accounting for 59.85%; The project expenditure is 11,329,900 yuan, accounting for 40.45%. In 2016, the total expenditure of this year decreased by 2.444 million yuan compared with that of 2015, down by 7.38%. The main reason for the change was that the one-time project activities were reduced in 2016, and the expenditure was also reduced accordingly.

　　Iv. final accounts of financial appropriations

　　The total final accounts of the provincial writers association’s 2016 financial appropriation income and expenditure were 24.5095 million yuan. Compared with 2015, the total revenue and expenditure of financial allocation decreased by 2.89 million yuan, down by 11.79%.

　　Five, the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　(a) the overall situation of the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　In 2016, the provincial writers association allocated 24,509,500 yuan in general public budget, accounting for 86.85% of the total expenditure this year. Compared with 2015, the financial allocation of the general public budget decreased by 2.89 million yuan, down by 11.79%.

　　(two) the structure of the final accounts of the general public budget.

　　In 2016, the provincial writers’ association allocated 24,509,500 yuan from the general public budget, which was mainly used in the following aspects: education expenditure was 493,300 yuan, accounting for 2.01%; Expenditure on culture, sports and media was 18.2922 million yuan, accounting for 74.63%; Expenditure on social security and employment was 3,055,100 yuan, accounting for 12.46%; Medical and health expenditure was 597,900 yuan, accounting for 2.44%; Expenditure on housing security was 2,071,000 yuan, accounting for 8.45%.

　　(three) the specific situation of the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　1. Expenditure (item) on education (category) further education and training (paragraph) training: The final account in 2016 was 493,300 yuan, accounting for 92.87% of the budget. The main reason why the final account was less than the budget was to practise economy, strictly control the cost and pay attention to the efficiency in the use of project funds during training, so we saved money while successfully completing this year’s training plan.

　　2. Administrative operation of culture, sports and media (category) culture (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 4,648,800 yuan, accounting for 99.20% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the daily public expenditure was slightly reduced.

　　3. General administrative affairs (items) of culture, sports and media (category) culture: In 2016, the final accounts were 845,000 yuan, accounting for 89.82% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was the reduction of the operation and maintenance fees and official reception fees for official vehicles.

　　4. Other cultural expenditures (items) for culture, sports and media (category) culture: In 2016, the final accounts were 6,924,400 yuan, accounting for 90.94% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the literary activities of some projects were reduced and the expenditures were reduced accordingly.

　　5. Expenditure on culture, sports and media (category) Other culture, sports and media (item) Special expenditure on publicity and cultural development (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 5,334,900 yuan, accounting for 88.26% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that some special activities were not carried out as originally planned in the implementation process.

　　6. Expenditure on culture, sports and media (category) Other expenditures on culture, sports and media (item) Special expenditures for cultural industry development (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 539,100 yuan, accounting for 21.23% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the project activities were not carried out as originally planned.

　　7. Social security and employment (category) Retirement from administrative institutions (item) Retirement from public institutions (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 85.72 yuan, and the budget was 98.68%. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the retirement fees were not adjusted accurately after the retirees’ wages were uniformly paid by social security.

　　8. Retirement of social security and employment (category) administrative institutions (funds) Retirement of administrative units that are not under centralized management (items): The final accounts for 2016 were 60.25 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　9. Social security and employment (category) Retirement (section) Expenditure of basic old-age insurance for institutions and institutions (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 84.30 yuan, accounting for 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year.

　　10. Social security and employment (category) Retirement (paragraph) Expenditure on occupational annuity payment of government agencies and institutions (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 30.22 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　11. Social security and employment (category) pension (item) death pension (item): The final account in 2016 was 23.15 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　12. Social security and employment (category) Other social security and employment expenditures (item) Other social security and employment expenditures (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 21.87 yuan, accounting for 98.07% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was the death of retirees and the corresponding subsidies were not paid.

　　13. Medical care and family planning (class) medical security (section) Medical care (section) of administrative units: The final account for 2016 was 265,900 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　14. Medical care and family planning (class) medical security (section) Medical care (section) of public institutions: The final accounts in 2016 were 241,300 yuan, accounting for 93.56% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the corresponding expenses were reduced due to the reduction of personnel in the middle of the year.

　　15. Medical care and family planning (category) medical security (item) Medical subsidy for civil servants (item): The final account for 2016 was 90,700 yuan, accounting for 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year.

　　16. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (item) Housing accumulation fund (item): The final account in 2016 was 655,400 yuan, accounting for 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year.

　　17. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (item) Housing subsidy (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 1,415,600 yuan, and the budget was 91.05%. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that individual personnel could not approve the amount, so they did not pay the housing subsidy.

　　Six, the general public budget financial allocation of basic expenditure accounts

　　In 2016, the provincial writers’ association allocated 13,987,400 yuan in general public budget, including:

　　The personnel expenses are 12,099,300 yuan, mainly including: basic salary, allowances and subsidies, bonuses, performance salary, basic old-age insurance contributions of institutions, occupational annuity contributions, other social security contributions, other salary and welfare expenditures, retirement expenses, pensions, living allowances, medical expenses, bonuses, housing accumulation fund, housing subsidies and other subsidies for individuals and families.

　　The public funds are 1,888,100 yuan, mainly including: office expenses, printing fees, water charges, electricity charges, post and telecommunications fees, travel expenses, maintenance (protection) fees, conference fees, training fees, labor fees, entrusted business fees, trade union funds, welfare fees, other transportation fees, and other goods and services expenditures.

　　Seven, "three public funds" financial allocation expenditure accounts

　　(a) the overall situation of the final accounts of the financial allocation of the "three public funds"

　　In 2016, the final accounts of the "three public" funds allocated by the Provincial Writers Association were 130,200 yuan, accounting for 57.92% of the budget, including: no expenses for going abroad on business; The final accounts of official vehicle purchase and operation and maintenance expenses were 113,100 yuan, accounting for 65% of the budget; The final account of official reception expenses was 17,100 yuan, accounting for 34% of the budget. The main reasons why the final accounts of the "three public" expenditures in 2016 were less than the budget were: the vehicles were in good running condition in 2016 and the maintenance expenditures were reduced; Under the premise of ensuring the normal literary exchange activities, our unit tries to reduce the official reception of literary exchange; The subordinate departments ask for instructions and report by telephone, fax, mail and electronic documents as far as possible, so the official reception expenses are reduced.

　　In 2016, the final accounts of the "three public" funds decreased by 86,800 yuan compared with 2015, a decrease of 40%, of which: there was no expenditure on going abroad (border) in 2015 and 2016; The final accounts of official vehicle purchase and operation and maintenance expenses decreased by 69,500 yuan, down by 38.06%; The final accounts of official reception expenses decreased by 17,300 yuan, down by 50.59%. The main reason for the increase or decrease is that after the implementation of the bus reform, the actual number of vehicles in our unit has decreased by one, so the operation and maintenance costs of official vehicles have decreased. In 2016, the number of receptions and reception standards were strictly controlled, and the number of reception batches and people decreased significantly compared with 2015, so the expenses for official reception have decreased.

　　(two) the "three public funds" financial allocation expenditure accounts specific instructions.

　　In the final accounts of the financial allocation expenditure of the "three public" funds in 2016, there was no final account expenditure for going abroad (border) expenses; The final accounts of official vehicle purchase and operation and maintenance expenses are 113,100 yuan, accounting for 86.87%; The final account of official reception expenses was 17,100 yuan, accounting for 13.13%. The details are as follows:

　　

　　1. Going abroad on business (border) funds

　　In 2016, our unit had no expenses for going abroad on business.

　　2. Official car purchase and operation and maintenance fees

　　In 2016, the purchase, operation and maintenance cost of official vehicles was 113,100 yuan. By the end of December 2016, the company had 4 official vehicles, including 3 cars and 1 passenger car. It is mainly used to guarantee the expenses of fuel, maintenance, road and bridge crossing, insurance and other expenses for official vehicles, such as daily public use, literature collection and literature exchange, sending literature to the countryside, accurate poverty alleviation, and "going deep into life and taking root in the people" theme practice activities.

　　3. Official reception fee

　　In 2016, the official reception fee was 17,100 yuan. It is mainly used for transportation expenses and meals for official duties and business activities. There were 14 batches of official receptions with 156 people in China, with a total expenditure of 17,100 yuan. The specific contents included: (1) In February 2016, Southwest University of Science and Technology Writers Association reported the work with an amount of 1,170 yuan; (2) In February 2016, Quxian Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau reported the poverty alleviation work in 2015 and the Spring Festival condolences, amounting to 301 yuan; ⑶. In May 2016, a series of public speaking activities for Mao Dun Prize winners of "Literature China Everyone’s Vision", with the amount of 800 yuan; (4) In June, 2016, the Malaysian Writers’ Group held a literary exchange activity, with an amount of 1111 yuan; 5. In June 2016, the Chinese Writers Association went to Sichuan for a special investigation, amounting to 500 yuan; [6]. In June 2016, the Chinese Writers Association organized writers to go to Sichuan to carry out the theme of "Re-taking the Long March Road" (Red Fourth Army), with an amount of 3,254 yuan; (7) In June, 2016, the Western Literature Summit Forum and the preparatory activities for the annual meeting, with an amount of 1,052 yuan; (8) In June 2016, the Chinese Writers Association held a symposium on deepening the reform of the writers association system in Sichuan, with an amount of 3,000 yuan; ⑼. In July 2016, Korean writers’ literary exchange and visit activities amounted to 1922 yuan; ⑽. In July 2016, China Writers Publishing Group filmed "China Famous Writers Image Library" with an amount of 444 yuan; ⑾. In July 2016, Jiangsu Writers Association went to Sichuan Writers Association to study and exchange activities, with an amount of 286 yuan;⑿. In November 2016, Yunnan Writers Association visited Bajin Exhibition Hall in Sichuan, with an amount of 745 yuan; [13]. In December, 2016, Aba County Writers Association reported the training of ethnic minorities, and Xingwen Writers Association contacted the composition contest and creation base, with an amount of 1,634 yuan; [14]. In December 2016, Dazhou Writers Association reported its work, with an amount of 894 yuan. Among them: 2 batches of foreign affairs reception, 18 people, with a total expenditure of 3033 yuan, mainly used to receive literary exchange activities of Malaysian writers’ groups; Korean writers’ literary exchange visits.

　　Eight, the government fund budget expenditure accounts.

　　In 2016, the Provincial Writers’ Association had no government fund budget.

　　IX. Description of other important matters

　　(a) the operating expenses of the organs

　　In 2016, the operating expenses of the provincial writers association were 1.049 million yuan, an increase of 452,000 yuan or 78.06% over 2015.

　　(B) Government procurement expenditure

　　In 2016, the total government procurement expenditure of the Provincial Writers Association was 407,000 yuan, including 322,000 yuan for government procurement of goods and 84,000 yuan for government procurement of services. Mainly used to ensure the normal operation of vehicles, meetings and daily office needs.

　　(three) the possession and use of state-owned assets

　　As of December 31, 2016, there were 4 public vehicles owned by the Provincial Writers Association, all of which were general official vehicles, with no general equipment with a unit price of more than 500,000 yuan and no special equipment with a unit price of more than 1 million yuan.

　　(IV) Budget performance

　　According to the requirements of budget performance management, this department carried out performance target management for general public budget expenditure in 2016, and compiled 37 performance targets, involving 13,832,600 yuan of financial funds, with a coverage rate of 100%.

　　According to the standard of "2016 departmental expenditure performance evaluation index system", the total score of our unit’s comprehensive indicators at all levels is 99 points. The outstanding problems are: the management of internal control system needs to be strengthened; The progress of budget implementation is uneven, individual projects are not implemented, "emphasizing budget and neglecting management", neglecting the management of budget implementation, insufficient preliminary work, unrealistic budget arrangement, and untimely work.

　　In the future, our unit needs to strengthen the forward-looking budgeting. According to the relevant provisions of the new Budget Law and its implementing regulations, according to the policy provisions and the development plan of this department, combined with the budget implementation in the previous year and the factors of budget revenue and expenditure changes in this year, we need to prepare the budget scientifically and reasonably, so as to avoid the inaccurate division between project expenditure and basic expenditure or the large deviation between budget expenditure and actual implementation. If it is really necessary to adjust the budget during the implementation, it shall be reported for approval according to the prescribed procedures. Efforts should be made to strengthen system construction, improve system and mechanism, improve working methods, improve management performance, and improve the scientific and refined level of departmental budget management. Make departmental expenditure performance more scientific and reasonable, and improve departmental financial management level.

　　X. Explanation of Nouns

　　1. Financial appropriation income: refers to the funds allocated by the provincial finance in the current year.　

　　2. Business income: refers to the income obtained by institutions from professional business activities and auxiliary activities. For example, the publication distribution income of the institutions affiliated to the Provincial Writers Association.

　　3. Other income: refers to income other than the above-mentioned "financial appropriation income", "business income" and "operating income". Mainly refers to interest income, sponsorship income, etc.　

　　4. Making up the balance of payments with public funds: refers to the funds that institutions use the public funds accumulated in previous years (funds drawn by public institutions in accordance with state regulations after making up the balance of payments in the current year) to make up the balance of payments in future years when the financial allocation income, business income, operating income and other income in the current year are insufficient to arrange the expenditures in the current year.　

　　5. Carry-over and balance at the beginning of the year: refers to the funds that have not been completed in the previous year and are carried forward to continue to be used in this year according to relevant regulations.　

　　6. Education (category) further education and training (paragraph) Training expenditure (item): refers to the corresponding training expenses of the training courses organized by the unit.

　　7. Culture, sports and media (category) culture (item) administrative operation (item): refers to the salary of the staff of the institution and the basic expenses required for the normal operation and performance of duties.

　　8. General administrative affairs (items) of culture, sports and media (category) culture: refers to general project expenditures such as property management fees, class II and above conference fees, official vehicle operation and maintenance fees, and official reception fees.

　　9. Culture, sports and media (category) culture (item) Other cultural expenditures (item): refers to the special funds for literary creation of provincial writers’ associations, personnel expenses of subordinate institutions, daily public expenditures, etc.

　　10. Expenditure on culture, sports and media (category) Other culture, sports and media (paragraph) Special expenditure on propaganda and cultural development (item): it mainly refers to the special expenditure on propaganda and cultural development used by the Provincial Writers Association according to regulations.

　　11. Culture, sports and media (category) Other culture, sports and media expenditures (paragraph) Special expenditures for cultural industry development (item): mainly refers to the special expenditures for cultural industry development used by provincial writers’ associations according to regulations.

　　12. Social security and employment (category) Retirement from administrative institutions (paragraph) Retirement from institutions (item): Retirement fee for retirees from institutions affiliated to major provincial writers’ associations.

　　13. Social security and employment (category) Retirement from administrative institutions (paragraph) Retirement from administrative units that are not under centralized management (item): refers to the retirement expenses of retirees from provincial writers’ associations.

　　14. Social security and employment (category) Retirement of administrative institutions (paragraph) Expenditure of basic old-age insurance for institutions (item): refers to the expenditure of old-age insurance premiums actually paid by institutions when they implement the old-age insurance system.

　　15. Social security and employment (category) Retirement of administrative institutions (paragraph) Occupational annuity payment expenditure of government institutions (item): refers to the occupational annuity expenditure actually paid by the institutions when they implement the old-age insurance system.

　　16. Social security and employment (category) pension (item) Death pension (item): refers to the one-time and regular pension and funeral subsidy for the family members of the deceased according to regulations.

　　17. Social security and employment (category) Other social security and employment expenditures (paragraph) Other social security and employment expenditures (item): refers to the difficult subsidies for retirees and living allowances for survivors of institutions and institutions of this unit.

　　18. Medical care and family planning (class) medical security (paragraph) Medical care of administrative units (item): refers to the funds for the payment of basic medical insurance of administrative units arranged by the financial department.

　　19. Medical care and family planning (category) medical security (paragraph) Medical care of public institutions (item): refers to the basic medical insurance payment funds of public institutions arranged centrally by the financial department.

　　20. Medical care and family planning (category) medical security (paragraph) Medicaid for civil servants (item): refers to the Medicaid funds for civil servants arranged by the financial department.

　　21. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (item) Housing accumulation fund (item): refers to the housing accumulation fund paid by administrative institutions for employees according to the basic salary, allowances and subsidies stipulated by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance.

　　22. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (paragraph) Housing purchase subsidy (item): refers to the subsidy paid by administrative institutions to eligible employees (including retirees) for housing purchase according to the housing reform policy.

　　23. Balance distribution: refers to the employee welfare fund, institution fund and income tax paid by institutions according to regulations, as well as the balance funds of capital construction projects that should be returned by the construction unit according to regulations.

　　24. End-of-year carry-over and balance: refers to the funds arranged in the budget of this year or previous years, which cannot be implemented according to the original plan due to changes in objective conditions, and need to be postponed to future years to continue to use according to relevant regulations.

　　25. Basic expenditure: refers to personnel expenditure and public expenditure incurred to ensure the normal operation of institutions and complete daily tasks.

　　26. Project expenditure: refers to the expenditure incurred to complete specific administrative tasks and career development goals in addition to basic expenditure.　

　　27. "Three Public Funds": The "three public funds" included in the management of provincial financial budget and final accounts refer to the expenses for going abroad (territory) on business, the purchase and operation expenses of official vehicles and the official reception expenses arranged by the department with financial allocations. Among them, the expenses for going abroad on business reflect the international travel expenses, inter-city transportation expenses, accommodation expenses, meals, training fees, public miscellaneous expenses and other expenses of the unit going abroad on business; The purchase and operation expenses of official vehicles reflect the purchase expenses of official vehicles (including vehicle purchase tax) and expenses such as rental fees, fuel fees, maintenance fees, crossing fees, insurance fees and safety incentive fees; The official reception fee reflects all kinds of official reception (including foreign guests’ reception) expenses of the unit according to the regulations.

　　28. Operating expenses of organs: funds used for purchasing goods and services to ensure the operation of administrative units (including institutions managed according to the Civil Service Law), including office and printing expenses, post and telecommunications expenses, travel expenses, conference expenses, trade union funds, welfare expenses, daily maintenance expenses, office space utilities, other transportation expenses and other expenses.

Department Final Statement of Sichuan Writers Association in 2016