At 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

　　[concern]

　　The relevant state departments decided to file an investigation into the alleged damage to the legitimate rights and interests of Chinese users by FedEx.

　　Recently, FedEx did not deliver the express mail according to the name and address in China, which seriously damaged the legitimate rights and interests of users and violated the relevant laws and regulations of China’s express delivery industry. The relevant state departments decided to file an investigation.

　　Great joy! Mother-daughter traffickers were sentenced to death, and buyers were also jailed.

　　On May 31st, the Intermediate People’s Court of Yangquan City, Shanxi Province publicly pronounced the case of 12 people abducting and selling abducted children across provinces. The defendants Wang Xi ‘e and Liu Liping were sentenced to death for crime of trafficking in children.

　　It was found through trial that since 2015, Shanxi defendants Wang Xi ‘e, Liu Liping and some family members have bought a large number of babies through various channels in order to seek illegal interests, and sent them to Shandong for sale through Shandong defendants Wang Chuanbin, Li Xiushan and Xu Qingquan. Shandong defendants Xu Qingquan, Yan Shaofu and Chen Guangzhou knew that they were trafficked children, but they still bought them themselves or helped their relatives buy them for adoption.

　　According to the number of abducted children in this case, combined with the nature, circumstances, degree of social harm and guilty attitude of each defendant, Yangquan Intermediate People’s Court sentenced the defendants Wang Xi ‘e and Liu Liping to death, deprived them of political rights for life and confiscated all their personal property. Sentenced the defendant Wang Chuanbin to life imprisonment, deprived of political rights for life, and confiscated all personal property; The remaining defendants were sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment ranging from 15 years to 6 months, and property or fines were also confiscated.

　　[domestic]

　　The exhibition center of Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games is open to primary and secondary school students for the first time.

　　On June 1st, more than 200 students from Beijing sang songs such as "We are successors of communism" and My People，My Country in front of the exhibition center of Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games, and the door of the exhibition hall slowly opened with their loud songs. Under the guidance of the commentator, the children learn about the progress of the preparations for the Beijing Winter Olympics, learn Olympic culture and knowledge, and be familiar with the Winter Olympics and Paralympic Games.

　　For the first time, BOCOG opened the exhibition center of Beijing Winter Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games to primary and secondary school students. From June 1st, primary and middle school students in China can visit the exhibition center in an organized way through the education administrative department.

　　Investigation on 108 Black and Evil "Umbrella" Cases in Zhaotong, Yunnan Province

　　According to the website of the Yunnan Provincial Commission for Discipline Inspection and Supervision, up to now, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province has filed an investigation on 108 people suspected of being involved in black, evil and corruption and acting as "protective umbrellas" for evil forces. 53 people have been dealt with, including 27 people who have been punished by party discipline and government affairs, and 26 people who have been dealt with by organization and accountability; Fifteen people were detained, and four people were transferred to judicial organs for review and prosecution according to law.

　　Forbes China list of scientific and technological women: Tu Youyou and other 50 people were selected.

　　Forbes published the "China list of scientific and technological women" for the first time, and 50 women including Tu Youyou, lifelong researcher and chief researcher of Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chinese Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine; He Tingbo, president of Huawei Hisilicon; Ge Yue, vice president and managing director of Greater China of Apple; Du Hong, president of Sina /COO; and Liu Qing, president of Didi Chuxing, entered the list. Forbes China said that the list is a ranking-free evaluation of 50 outstanding women in science and technology. They are founders, executives, front-line R&D engineers or pioneers of technological innovation.

　　Haikou duty-free shop opened in the second phase, with a business area of 22,000 square meters.

　　The second phase of Haikou Duty Free Shop opened on June 1st. So far, Haikou’s only duty-free shop with a business area of 22,000 square meters has been fully opened. Haikou Duty Free Shop is located in Riyue Square of the city, with a second-phase operation area of 9,000 square meters. At present, the duty-free shops are selling nearly 200 internationally renowned brands of duty-free goods.

　　[international]

　　Gun case in the United States: one injured person died, and the number of victims rose to 12.

　　According to comprehensive reports, a large-scale shooting incident occurred in Virginia, USA. As one injured person died on the way to hospital, the number of victims in this incident rose to 12, and many others were injured. In addition, the gunman also died after exchanging fire with the police.

　　The identity of the seven victims of the Hungarian shipwreck was confirmed. The captain denied the violation.

　　A tourist boat collided with a cruise ship in the Danube waters of Budapest, Hungary, killing seven Koreans on board. Recently, the South Korean Foreign Ministry said that the identity of the victims has been confirmed. In addition, the captain of the cruise ship was arrested, but he denied breaking any regulations or breaking the law.

　　The new zip line project of Eiffel Tower is hard for tourists to experience.

　　According to British media reports, a zip line with a height of 377 feet (about 115 meters) and a length of 2,600 feet (about 792 meters) has been built on the Eiffel Tower, a landmark building in Paris, France, for visitors to experience the thrill of crossing the sky quickly. It is understood that the project is "one ticket is hard to find": those who want to participate need to register on the homepage of brand social media, and the lucky ones are randomly selected.

　　Society

　　Tricycle stole 1 ton of stone lion. Thieves and cultural relics dealers were all detained.

　　A few days ago, a quadrangle in Dongcheng District of Beijing was stolen, and a stone drum and a stone lion weighing nearly a meal were stolen at the door. After investigation, five men stole the stone drum lion with an electric tricycle and sold it to Liu, a cultural relic dealer. On June 1, Dongcheng police reported that the stolen stone drum was identified as a cultural relic. At present, five men who stole cultural relics were criminally detained according to law on suspicion of stealing cultural relics and collecting stolen goods.

　　Guangdong police cracked a huge case of false invoicing, involving more than 5.3 billion yuan.

　　According to the Guangdong Provincial Public Security Bureau, police in Shenzhen, Guangdong Province recently busted a criminal gang that falsely invoiced ordinary VAT invoices, arrested seven people involved and found out more than 900 units that falsely invoiced, involving more than 5.3 billion yuan.

　　Nanning police quickly handle a hostage-taking case. Police stormed and subdued the suspect.

　　Xixiangtang Branch of Nanning Public Security Bureau of Guangxi reported on the 1st that on May 31st, the bureau, together with the special police detachment of Nanning Public Security Bureau and other units, quickly handled a sudden case of hostage-taking, arrested the suspect Zhou on the spot, and the detained person Wei was safely rescued. After preliminary investigation, the case was triggered by a family dispute. The public security organs are currently further investigating the case.

　　Hunan: Arrested 46 telecom fraud suspects, involving millions of yuan.

　　Recently, the People’s Procuratorate of Furong District of Changsha City approved the arrest of 46 suspects, including Yang Moumou, on suspicion of fraud. At present, this case is under further investigation. Since February 2019, in the name of the company, Yang Moumou and others have organized employees to falsely register female accounts through social software and add netizens. After gaining the trust of the victim, the criminal suspect induced the victim to register and recharge the "five-point lottery" on the Star Road Entertainment website. The criminal suspect defrauded others of money by manipulating the results of the "five-point lottery" in the background, involving millions of yuan.

　　[Sports]

　　Ma Long/Wang Chuqin won the runner-up in the men’s doubles final of 2019 China Table Tennis Open.

　　On June 1st, in the men’s doubles final of the ITTF World Tour 2019 China Table Tennis Open in Shenzhen, China team Malone/Wang Chuqin lost to German team Boer/Francesca 0-3 and won the runner-up.

　　[face]

　　[Zhan Guangwei] The teacher "Frozen Man" has been sticking to the podium for more than 20 years.

　　More than 20 years ago, Zhan Guangwei, who first came to the podium, was diagnosed with "progressive muscular dystrophy", commonly known as "frozen person". With the continuous deterioration of the disease, from being able to walk by yourself, to needing help, and then to sitting in a wheelchair … … Nowadays, he even has a hard time getting textbooks and teaching AIDS. However, this teacher still sticks to the front line of education and continues to "radiate heat" in the classroom.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor: Zhu Xinyu

　　"The monthly container production capacity has increased to 500,000 TEUs, and the shortage of empty containers in major ports in China has dropped to 1.3% in May, which has gradually eased." On June 24th, at the press conference held by the State Council Office, foreign trade logistics became one of the hot spots. In fact, tight logistics and rising freight rates have always been difficult problems faced by foreign trade enterprises in the near future, and they are also the focus of the work of relevant departments.

　　The reporter of the Economic Information Daily noticed that in just two days, at the the State Council executive meeting, the press conference of the State Council Office and the press conference of the Ministry of Commerce, a number of authoritative departments voiced their voices one after another, focusing on strengthening cross-border logistics cooperation, increasing transport capacity guarantee, freight rate supervision, strengthening supply and price stability, and stabilizing exchange rate, and brewing more support policies to help foreign trade enterprises develop and promote the stability and quality of China’s foreign trade.

　　All parties actively respond to ease the pressure on foreign trade enterprises.

　　"The capacity of 23 million TEUs is now put into shipping except for about 1% of the ships under repair, and even some non-container ships come to carry containers." At the press conference of the State Council Office on the 24th, Zhao Chongjiu, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Transport, introduced it.

　　On the same day, Gao Feng, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, said that Guangdong Province is taking effective measures to co-ordinate the prevention and control of epidemic situation and smooth the international logistics work, and do its utmost to solve the problem of ships pressing on Hong Kong. From 0: 00 on the 24th, the overall operation of Shenzhen Yantian Port was fully restored.

　　The reporter saw at the scene of Yantian Port that there are berths in 20 berths in the central and western port areas, and all the operating shore cranes have been fully opened.

　　These are just the epitome of all parties helping import and export enterprises to solve problems. Since last year, the shortage of international logistics has become a headache for foreign trade enterprises. "Some customers with relatively weak strength can’t bear the cost pressure caused by this, and the goods can’t be shipped out and piled up in the warehouse, which increases the inventory and turnover cycle." Chloe Wang, vice chairman of the board of directors of Shengwei International Holdings (China) Co., Ltd., told the Economic Information Daily.

　　"This year’s sales have increased a lot compared with the same period of last year, but the profit side is not very optimistic." A person in charge of a foreign trade enterprise in Ningbo said frankly that the increase in freight and raw material prices squeezed the profit margin.

　　Gao Shiwang, director of the Industry Development Department of the China Chamber of Commerce for Import and Export of Mechanical and Electrical Products, told the Economic Information Daily that these factors have a great impact on foreign trade enterprises, especially some industries where raw materials account for a high proportion of costs, such as household appliances, low-voltage electrical appliances, machinery and tools. The transportation problem increases the inventory cost, and demurrage, container pressing and overnight expenses add up to be a big burden.

　　Solving these problems requires many efforts. In terms of customs clearance convenience, the General Administration of Customs has recently jointly launched 18 policy measures with the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Transport, the General Administration of Market Supervision and other departments, focusing on optimizing processes, reducing costs, reducing time and improving efficiency, etc., and making efforts to solve the blocking points, pain points and difficult problems that the current market players are concerned about.

　　Some measures have achieved initial results. The reporter learned at Nanjing Customs that the customs introduced Yangshan — The new supervision mode of "joint loading and unloading, treating as one port" in Taicang Port realizes one-time declaration, one-time inspection and one-time release of container goods, effectively improving customs clearance efficiency.

　　In beibu gulf port, through scientific and reasonable organization of production and overall coordination of production resources in the three ports, the shortage of shipping space on ocean routes has been effectively alleviated. From January to May, the container throughput of this port increased by 29.5% year-on-year.

　　Li Jinhua, Marketing Manager of China Qinzhou Ocean Shipping Agency Co., Ltd., said that customers have been giving full play to the developed domestic transportation system and flexibly choosing delivery points. "Customers in the southwest area may have taken Qinzhou Port more, and now they will take Guangzhou Port or Shanghai Port, which is equivalent to an internal resource optimization and allocation."

　　Multi-sector intensive deployment, stable foreign trade, and policy strengthening

　　It is worth noting that stabilizing foreign trade will usher in more favorable policies. The executive meeting in the State Council on 23rd decided to take measures to accelerate the development of new foreign trade formats and new models, promote the upgrading of foreign trade and foster new competitive advantages. The meeting proposed to strengthen international cooperation in the fields of intellectual property protection and transnational logistics.

　　Multiple deployments are also carried out at the ministerial level. On the 24th, Gao Feng said that the Ministry of Commerce, together with the People’s Bank of China and the State Administration of Foreign Exchange, promoted financial institutions to continuously optimize exchange rate hedging products and services, and actively promoted the Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Enterprise Exchange Rate Hedging Business Manual to provide targeted guidance for enterprises to hedge. He also made it clear that he will continue to pay attention to the exchange rate fluctuations and help foreign trade enterprises actively respond.

　　Earlier, in response to a reporter’s question from the Economic Information Daily, Gao Feng said that recently, the Ministry of Commerce, together with relevant departments, conducted in-depth research on 7,500 foreign trade enterprises through the foreign trade and foreign investment platform, and took measures together with relevant departments and local institutions, such as promoting import diversification and building stable trade channels for bulk commodities. In the next step, we will further optimize and improve the trade policy toolbox to help foreign trade enterprises reduce costs and expand the market.

　　The Ministry of Transport has made it clear that it will work with the Ministry of Commerce and other departments to continue to implement relevant measures to stabilize foreign trade, guide international liner companies to continuously increase the supply of Chinese mainland’s export routes, improve the container turnover efficiency, and guide local transportation departments to ensure the stability and smoothness of the international logistics supply chain while doing a good job in epidemic prevention and control. In terms of price, it will cooperate with the market supervision department to strengthen the supervision of maritime port charges and investigate and deal with illegal charges according to law.

　　The General Administration of Customs has previously stated that the next step will be to fill the "short board" in terms of port collaborative governance, deep cooperation between enterprises and enterprises, and cross-departmental data sharing.

　　Business associations are also actively taking measures. Gao Shiwang said that with the support of the Ministry of Commerce, various import and export chambers of commerce have strengthened communication and cooperation with shipowners’ associations and China Shipping Remote Control, and are seeking more effective solutions for foreign trade enterprises.

　　Seize the opportunity of development and accelerate the transformation and upgrading

　　Regarding the situation faced by China’s foreign trade, Pang Chaoran, an associate researcher at the Research Institute of the Ministry of Commerce, believes that the recent recovery of external demand and the return of orders have driven China’s export growth, while short-term unfavorable factors such as exchange rate, inflation, shipping, chip supply and rising labor costs have increased the cost of export enterprises. "But these disturbing factors are exogenous, phased and temporary in general." He told reporters.

　　Liu Xingguo, a researcher from the Research Department of china enterprise confederation, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that at present, China’s foreign trade enterprises not only have to deal with many challenges, but also face greater opportunities, with both favorable and unfavorable factors.

　　In Pang Chaoran’s view, relevant departments and foreign trade enterprises should seize the opportunity to accelerate the process of moving towards the high-end link of the industrial chain and continuously enhance their foreign trade competitiveness in the process of continuous transformation and upgrading of domestic production capacity.

　　Pang Chaoran suggested that from the policy point of view, all departments should still pay close attention to the changes in the situation, find out the emerging and trend problems in time, make pre-judgment and early warning, and provide stable policy support for the sustained and healthy development of foreign trade enterprises; Enterprises should accelerate transformation and upgrading, constantly improve the international competitiveness and bargaining power of products, promote short orders to become long orders, and prevent price changes from affecting profits.

　　Liu Xingguo believes that while government departments take appropriate measures, enterprises should also take the initiative to seize the opportunity to accelerate development: First, strengthen cost management and maximize the pressure of cost increase; Second, scientifically and cautiously use innovative tools in international financial markets to partially eliminate the impact of RMB exchange rate fluctuations; The third is to speed up innovation and development, transformation and upgrading, and enhance the bargaining power of foreign trade enterprises in international trade with high-quality products.

　　In fact, foreign trade enterprises are already taking active actions. Chloe Wang said that overall, the export market is expanding this year, and the company is further expanding its production capacity and intensifying supply chain integration. "In order to cope with the uncertainty in the future, the company will improve product competitiveness and expand more international markets as an important task in the second half of the year."

　　Core tips

　　Some of them insist on racing against time in the laboratory, some insist on answering questions on online science popularization, and some go all out to protect people’s health … This Spring Festival, many researchers are still fighting in their respective posts in different ways. Their figure is a vivid footnote that Henan is playing the "strongest sound" of scientific and technological innovation, and it is also a microcosm of the struggle of all walks of life and all fronts to inspire the spirit of Dragon and Horse and create a better future.

　　Every second counts for a doctor’s heart

　　At 7 o’clock in the morning, I rushed to the hospital, went to the clinic for a first-line inspection, then got into the laboratory to discuss the experimental progress with my colleagues … After the work plan for one day was completed, there were thousands of lights outside the window.

　　This is the daily life of Yu Zujiang, vice president of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University and director of the genetic testing center of the hospital during the Spring Festival holiday.

　　"There is little difference between the Spring Festival and peacetime, because the disease is not’ holiday’, and our medical workers have to race against time." Yu Zujiang said.

　　In Yu Zujiang’s eyes, this year’s Spring Festival can already be described as "relaxed". Although he is at work most of the time, he still has time to eat with his family. Previously, as a member of the expert group on epidemic prevention and control in COVID-19, he was busy in epidemic prevention and control for several consecutive Spring Festival.

　　At 10: 00 am on February 16th, at the Sub-center of the National Key Laboratory of Innovative Drugs for Antiviral Infectious Diseases (hereinafter referred to as the Sub-center) located in the East Campus of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, when the reporter saw Yu Zujiang, he was discussing the experimental progress with two colleagues enthusiastically.

　　On the electronic screen of the sub-center, the word "Happy New Year 2024" in gold on a red background reveals a strong flavor of the year. During the Spring Festival holiday, Yu Zujiang’s team has people on duty here every day.

　　"Before the Spring Festival, we found four new anti-tumor drug targets, and during the Spring Festival, we screened them in the molecular drug library." Yu Zujiang introduced.

　　"Because drug screening and verification and cell culture are a continuous process, we can’t stop during the Spring Festival." Yu Zujiang said that they are conducting "life-saving" research. If they can produce results early, they can help more patients find hope for life as soon as possible.

　　As an expert in the field of infectious diseases, Yu Zu Jiangdu has been "fighting" with liver diseases for 20 years.

　　Previously, Yu Zujiang led the team to study hard for nearly 10 years, and found a drug named trimetazidine, which can become a new target drug for treating liver diseases, and successfully completed the patent transformation with a transfer amount of 2.34 million US dollars.

　　At present, the new clinical indication of trimetazidine in the treatment of chronic and acute liver failure has applied for an international invention patent and obtained the qualification certification of "orphan drug" (rare drug) from FDA of the United States.

　　"At present, the experiment being carried out in our laboratory is to find more new drugs for cancer patients." Yu Zujiang said that although these experiments need to go through numerous "trial and error" and may not break through for a long time, as long as there is a glimmer of hope, they will go all out and explore without stopping. (Reporter Li Xiaomin)

　　Online classes often cultivate "golden" flowers.

　　During the Spring Festival holiday, the WeChat group of Professor Li Yongchao, the chief science popularization expert of the province and the head of the provincial Chinese herbal medicine industry science and technology correspondent service group (Fengqiu), was particularly lively:

　　"Teacher Li, my family’s heavy-haired flowers have been planted for seven or eight years. What should I pay attention to when pruning?"

　　"Thank you, Mr. Li. Every year, we quarrel about cutting two branches of flowers. Last time you came to class and said you couldn’t cut them again, he finally listened this year."

　　Most of the 267 friends added by Li Yong’s ultramicro letter "Fengqiu Honeysuckle Development Group" are growers. It is a compulsory course for him to reply and answer questions every day during the Spring Festival.

　　"The temperature in winter is below 0℃, and the plant nutrient solution does not flow out after honeysuckle pruning, so the pruning effect is the best around beginning of spring." On February 17, Li Yongchao told reporters. On the 28th day of the twelfth lunar month, he also went to fengqiu county with members of the service group to give special training on pruning techniques to the technical backbone of local growers.

　　As an academic and technical leader in the scientific and technological research of flower Chinese herbal medicines and the promotion and service of agricultural science and technology in our province, Li Yongchao has been giving technical guidance in fengqiu county since 2012.

　　"The golden flowers are silvery, and the vines are clustered. Fengqiu county is the best suitable area for honeysuckle, and the cultivated honeysuckle has good appearance and excellent quality, and the price per catty is one or twenty yuan more expensive than that in other regions. " Li Yongchao introduced that honeysuckle is a real "rich flower".

　　"The honeysuckle will not enter the full flowering period until the fourth year. According to the technology taught by Teacher Li, I not only took care of Ben in the first three years, but also made a slight surplus. " Cui Jiuhong, a grower in Yingju Town, said excitedly that the 10 mu of honeysuckle he planted now can earn more than 100,000 yuan a year. "The neighbors still use the old method, and their growth is incomparable with mine."

　　"Smell the flowers and see the industry." As the authentic hometown of honeysuckle in China, the planting area of honeysuckle in fengqiu county is stable at 100,000 mu at present. Since the service group of science and technology commissioners came to Fengqiu in 2018 to carry out technical guidance and training, the technical radiation area in the county has reached more than 5,000 mu, and it is growing at an annual promotion rate of 2,000 mu.

　　"Everyone can see the effect of advanced technology, so the enthusiasm is particularly high. Now almost every other week, we will go to Fengqiu for on-site guidance. " Li Yongchao said, "We should pay attention to the prevention of aphids in March. I just informed everyone in the group that we will open another training class before the fifteenth day of the first month." (Reporter Yin Jiangyong)

　　Scientific research "fireworks" are both happy.

　　On the gate, the red Spring Festival couplets convey the joy and hope of the Spring Festival. In the study, quiet meditation and heated online discussion "record" the persistence and dedication of researchers.

　　Yu Chen, vice president of zhengzhou institute of aeronautical industry management Institute of Electronic Information, kept switching between "fireworks" and "scientific research".

　　"Chinese New Year, you must take time to spend more time with your family and bring more children. However, scientific research work is daily for us, and holidays can’t fall. " On February 16th, Yu Chen told reporters that the team teachers were not idle during the Spring Festival.

　　Zhengzhou institute of aeronautical industry management is speeding up the construction of Zhengzhou University of Aeronautics and Astronautics. The School of Electronics and Information has put forward the plan of "standing on top of the world" to make up for the shortcomings of the university’s construction of aeronautics and astronautics, conform to the development direction of the national "aerospace" strategy, and combine the automobile and aerospace construction plan of our province’s "14 th Five-Year Plan" to carry out technical research and strengthen organized scientific research aiming at key issues.

　　Scientific research is a protracted war, and it is always a race against time.

　　As the head of the unmanned platform team in the air and space, when talking about the scientific research during the Spring Festival, Yu Chen said more: "We mainly have four research directions. One is’ Dingtian’, actively integrating into the aerospace industry chain, facing the commercial needs of the ground TT&C operation and maintenance business of satellite launch and long-term on-orbit operation, and carrying out innovative research and development of the baseband equipment software and hardware system of the vehicle-mounted satellite ground station integrating TT&C, data transmission, arrow and remote control; The second is’ site’, which is deeply integrated into the unmanned vehicle industry chain. Facing the problems of unmanned vehicle automatic driving and comprehensive planning and scheduling, the unmanned vehicle terminal is developed, and a big data platform for comprehensive planning and scheduling is built based on multi-source fusion positioning, vehicle-road coordination and environmental awareness; Third, to solve the problem of "data island" of manufacturing enterprises, build a collaborative manufacturing platform of data space and network, realize the whole process integration value chain collaboration and the whole cycle data interconnection; The fourth is to continue to carry out research and development of software and hardware systems for autonomous flying drones, and solve the problem of over-the-horizon autonomous flight and optimal allocation of multi-objective tasks for multi-UAVs. "

　　The boring technical terms in the eyes of ordinary people are extremely "cute" in the eyes of scientific researchers. Although it is hard to explore the unknown scientific research work, they find Yu Chen more interesting.

　　"A year’s plan lies in spring. In the new year, we will continue to deepen our efforts in the fields of aerospace technology such as UAV navigation guidance and control, key technologies of satellite ground stations, networked unmanned vehicle terminals and big data platforms. " Yu Chen said with a smile, in fact, every fruitful day is a festival worth celebrating for researchers. (Reporter Shi Xiaoqi)

　　The flag of spring stands up

　　During the Spring Festival holiday, Zhang Weixian, director of the Academic Committee of Henan Institute of Animal Husbandry and Economics, rarely spent the next year with his family in Zhengzhou.

　　But he’s not really idle. Jiaozuo, Zhoukou, Xinyang … Every day, many farmers from all over the province call for advice-what should I do if the broiler market keeps fluctuating? Do you want to adjust the breeding varieties? Is there any room for feed cost to fall?

　　As an animal husbandry expert, Zhang Weixian patiently analyzed and answered questions for them, while incorporating the feedback from farmers from the production line into his own research.

　　"The market situation is often affected by many factors. What we scientists and technicians should consider is how to promote the high-quality development of animal husbandry through scientific and technological innovation." In Zhang Weixian’s view, the current problems of animal husbandry boil down to two major aspects, one is germplasm resources, and the other is feed.

　　In recent years, feed prices have continued to rise and feeding costs have been increasing. Is there a cheap "flat substitute" for imported feed from protein? Zhang Weixian aimed at the research direction of crop straw.

　　"On the one hand, many straw resources are treated as waste; On the other hand, the shortage of forage resources in animal husbandry has caused the rising cost of breeding, which is simply’ begging for food with a golden rice bowl’. " In order to recycle the straws of these crops, he served as the director of the Key Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Unconventional Feed Resources in Henan Province, and led the team to carry out research on the efficient conversion of crop straws into high-quality feed for livestock and poultry, such as peppers, peanuts and sweet potatoes.

　　"Taking peppers as an example, the planting area of peppers in Henan is about 3 million mu, ranking second in the country, and it can produce about 30 million tons of green pepper stalks every year. We conducted experiments on feeding herbivorous livestock through processing methods such as crushing, biological fermentation, silage and yellow storage, and obtained reliable scientific data. " Zhang Weixian introduced that pepper straw contains 4.1% essential amino acids and is rich in nutrients such as carotene and vitamin C. It is a feed resource with great application prospects, and its economic value after being processed into high-quality feed is even higher than that of pepper itself.

　　During the Spring Festival this year, Zhang Weixian also received two papers from top international journals, which can be published after revision. At the age of 63, like his own students, he kept writing in front of the computer every day, demonstrating the team’s method of analyzing the nutritional value of feed with polymer spectroscopy.

　　"I learned a lot of new words from students. When spring comes, I also set a flag. I hope our research methods can form a subversive innovation and provide strong support for the development of animal husbandry." He said. (Reporter Shi Zhe)

　　Holiday scientific research "does not close"

　　On the morning of February 17, the traffic on the University Road outside the south campus of Zhengzhou University was woven and full of flavor. Shan Chongxin, vice president of Zhengzhou University, walked through the quiet campus and came to the office of the Key Laboratory of Physical Materials, Ministry of Education, and started a day’s work.

　　Just after the Spring Festival, Shan Chongxin has already started the "working mode" on the third day of the New Year’s Eve. "Scientific research needs to be focused, and you can concentrate on doing something when you go to the office." He said with a smile.

　　The laboratory is not deserted. Half of the members of the diamond photoelectric materials and devices team led by Shan Chongxin have been "returned" one after another. Holiday research "does not close". Dong Lin, a member of the team and a professor at the School of Physics of Zhengzhou University, said: "As soon as I have time at home, I log on to the school computer remotely and look at the materials and documents. I came to the laboratory in the third grade."

　　Indeed, for many years, Shan Chongxin and his team members have almost no concept of weekends and holidays. They are always with diamonds, take the laboratory as their home, take root in the field of diamond photoelectric materials and devices, and devote themselves to scientific research and make unremitting efforts.

　　Predicted the Rabi oscillation of nitrogen vacancy color center in diamond without microwave excitation, which was confirmed by international peer experiments. High-quality diamond and high-purity diamond Raman crystal were synthesized, and 2-inch optical diamond crystal was developed … Just because of persistent research, the team made a series of heavy innovation breakthroughs in just a few years, which made Henan diamond "shine in the world".

　　"In the process of scientific research and innovation, any lag may lead to the loss of opportunities. We must continue to tackle key problems with a sense of urgency and speed up the seizure of the commanding heights of science and technology." At the annual summary meeting a few days before the Spring Festival, Shan Chongxin encouraged the team to say.

　　After the summary meeting, Shan Chongxin and everyone were busy until the New Year’s Eve, and then they put down their work and rushed back to their hometown in Changyuan to reunite with their loved ones for the New Year.

　　Attachment to his hometown, reluctance to give up his hometown, and wanting to do something for his hometown are also the feelings of Shan Chongxin when he chose to return to Henan nine years ago. "Now Henan attaches more importance to scientific and technological innovation than ever before, and has built a platform for scientific researchers to start businesses. Diamond is a dominant industry in Henan, and it is very happy to be able to do something for the country with what I have learned as my hometown." Shan Chongxin said.

　　At present, Shan Chongxin’s team is aiming at the forefront of diamond materials and devices development in China, focusing on the key scientific problems of high-quality diamond synthesis and application, and climbing to a higher scientific peak. "It is our direction and goal to break through the technical bottleneck of diamond application in semiconductor, electricity, optics, heat, quantum sensing and other fields." Shan Chongxin said.

　　In the evening, Shan Chongxin walked out of the office and looked at the stars above the city. He firmly believed that the diamonds in Henan would certainly shine more brightly in the future. (Reporter Ping Cao)

　　Illustration/Wang Weibin

When US Republican presidential candidate Trump welcomed his new running mate in Milwaukee last week, the video clip showed that "the weak Biden struggled to climb the short boarding ladder of Air Force One on his way to further isolation."

This is a bleak scene described in Washington post’s article "Behind the scenes: Biden loses control of the Democratic Party" on July 19th. A person familiar with the matter said that aides forwarded the video in frustration.

According to the report, just four months before the presidential election, Biden’s control of his party suddenly collapsed, which is unprecedented in history. Just a month ago, all these people were United behind Biden, and the mantra of former House Speaker nancy pelosi (Democrat of California) was: "Diversity is our strength. Unity is our strength. "

A source familiar with the situation told Reuters: Biden planned to continue to challenge for re-election as president until last night, but at 1: 45 pm the next day, he suddenly told his senior staff that he decided to withdraw from the election. Biden’s decision caught many White House aides off guard, and several people expressed shock at the news. Because just a few hours ago, Biden’s campaign team was still denying reports that Biden was considering withdrawing from the presidential election.

"The US presidential election has been messed up." A senior consultant who participated in the Democratic Party’s campaign for many years told The Paper that it was hard to hide his disappointment. "You can say anything, predict anything, and draw any conclusions. All in all, this country (election operation mechanism) is out of order. " However, Casey Burghardt, director of the legislative affairs program at George Washington University’s Graduate School of Political Management, recently told The Paper that if properly controlled, the (substitution) procedure can provide an opportunity for the Democratic Party to have a useful debate on its future direction and priorities, and the potential possibility is that it will result in a re-bonded and more strategic party platform.

"Many voters will be ignited by a young candidate who has a better chance of winning." He said, "Almost all Democrats will unite on the first priority: to prevent Trump from winning the second presidential term."

"Make sure he is angry and upset."

As of Saturday (20th) afternoon, 32 Democratic congressmen and four senators have publicly called on Biden not to seek re-election. Among the more than 200 Democrats in the House of Representatives and 51 Democrats in the Senate, this is still a minority. However, Democratic Party officials and party strategists generally believe that the actual number of people who want Biden to withdraw from the election is much higher.

"I’m sure he’s angry and upset." Meghan Hays, who served in the White House until 2022, told NBC that Biden understood the political reality, that is, "he is famous for not holding grudges."

As more and more news revealed that Biden would soon accept the idea of "having to withdraw from the election", The New York Times quoted a person close to Biden as saying on the 19th that in the previous three weeks, the President had insisted that almost nothing could make him withdraw from the election.

According to the report, Mike Donilon, Biden’s long-term senior adviser and one of his most loyal confidants, told him that despite the doubts of the Democratic Party and the pessimistic results of some opinion polls, the competition was still fierce, and he insisted that there was still a chance to win. The president’s family also supported him in sticking it out and pointed out that he had a tradition of overcoming difficulties and not being afraid of questioning.

However, the Democrats behind the scenes and people working in the government described the first three weeks of July as a nightmare-too unusual, too unexpected and unbelievable.

Important members of the presidential campaign team and the White House team privately said that after the disastrous debate on June 27, confidence in Biden began to waver, and the big "money owner" withheld funds and demanded changes.

Then, on a live TV broadcast on July 13th, a more terrible assassination of Trump happened. The former president "magically" escaped the assassination in the attention of the whole world-holding his fist high and his face was still dripping with blood. Biden’s poll remained stable at first, but then began to decline.

Then, when the 81-year-old president went to the election campaign to try to prove his vitality, he was infected with Covid-19 again.

Just this weekend, Biden, who is still isolated from his seaside villa in Delaware because of Covid-19’s infection, got some good news. The former President Clintons, who are still a powerful force in Democratic politics, expressed their support for him privately, and have been actively encouraging donors to support the president, and kept in touch with the White House and offered help within their capacity.

However, former President Clinton and former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton supported their Democratic colleagues to become news themselves, highlighting Biden’s growing isolation in his own party.

A series of actions and policies are hard to turn the tide.

The first week after the debate didn’t go well, and Biden’s team decided to let him "go out" more.

The president participated in three interviews in succession, including the program of Lester Holt, the anchor of NBC Evening News. In the interview, he once showed a combative mood. Although he can’t suddenly look younger, Biden wants to prove his courage and determination to try his best to replace everyone’s image of being old on the night of the debate.

Within 48 hours, Biden also talked with the Congressional Asia Pacific Caucus (CAPAC), the New Democracy Party Alliance, the Congressional Progress Caucus and the Congressional Hispanic Caucus, and won some support.

The White House distributed a list of about 20 other leaders with whom the President talked on the plane or on the trip. About 75 members of Congress reiterated their support for him. "Can you hear the helicopter in the background?" Biden shouted to Reverend Al Al Sharpton on the phone as he was about to board a helicopter to Nevada to win his support. "We must move on, Al."

Sharpton is a famous American black civil rights activist and Biden’s long-term ally. His support is particularly important at all critical moments.

However, a congressman who recently took Air Force One revealed to Washington post that he only recently realized the change of the president after meeting with him many times in the past four years. Biden spoke so softly that he could hardly hear the voice across the table. Another congressman who interacted with Biden recently described him as weak but quick-thinking and seriously considered staying in office.

At the White House, Biden administration officials are also moving quickly. The policy department began to rapidly advance the long-term brewing plan, including drawing up a blueprint for the term limit of the Supreme Court; A legislative proposal has been finalized to set the ceiling of rent increase for business landlords at 5% nationwide in the United States, which may be a large-scale new federal intervention aimed at reversing the main driving factor of inflation.

Politico, an American political news website, reported in mid-July that the aides of Biden’s government had been working behind the scenes all week, showing that the inflation situation finally slowed down through opinion polls and economic data, and appeasing wavering supporters. They hoped that the president’s appearance at the high-profile NATO summit would show his work in strengthening the alliance system.

Members of Congress, allies and presidential aides pay close attention to Biden’s risk points at the press conference. Some of his gaffes provided material for critics, including calling Ukrainian President Zelensky "President Putin" before the press conference, and then correcting and joking about the mistake. Later, he called Vice President Harris "Vice President Trump".

Biden seems to feel the pressure and his temper has become grumpy. The New York Times reported on the 17th that on Saturday (July 13th), Biden lashed out at Representative Jason Crowe of Colorado during a video call with moderate Democrats in the House of Representatives. Crowe, who served in the army and won a medal in Iraq, questioned Biden’s ability to impress voters.

Emotion within the team changed from regret to complaint.

Some people are still cheering, trying to blow the assembly number. "Keep faith." Andrew Bates, senior deputy press secretary of the White House, posted on social media on the 18th.

In the West Wing of the White House (the office of President spin doctor), Washington post’s in-depth report reveals that the loyalty principle that has long accompanied Biden’s actions seems to be disintegrating. According to a Biden administration official familiar with the situation, some consultants turned their attention from planning their second term to planning how to lock in the policy victory "before Trump took office". Other officials said that more efforts are still being put into planning the future agenda.

Among those who are committed to Biden’s campaign, the atmosphere is also deteriorating: they are panicked in private and don’t care about anything.

The crisis seems to be intensifying on all fronts. Democrats are struggling in key States, Biden’s support rate has dropped sharply in all swing States, and long-term donors have warned that Biden’s financial support has dried up.

"The presidential campaign is not over yet. They have no money. " A Democratic Party donation consultant said, "Usually, grassroots funds are expensive and need a lot of (donor) funds to raise these funds, so it is crazy for them to use grassroots funds to make up for the high (donor)."

A senior aide to Biden said that in the campaign team, senior staff were increasingly worried that Biden might lose Virginia. The last time the state supported a Republican presidential candidate was 20 years ago, and now it is usually no longer regarded as a battlefield for presidential elections.

A campaign aide told Washington post that junior and even some senior staff knew nothing about how Biden wanted to advance the campaign. Text messages circulated among Capitol Hill, government officials and others, trying to figure out what happened.

"What’s interesting is that suddenly there seem to be many’ Biden insiders’, whose voices are exactly the same as those of those who blindly quoted and doubted us in successive victories for five years." Bates said.

Some consultants accuse senior assistants of "no longer being loyal, selfish and ambitious" without evidence. A few days later, these slanders even appeared on MSNBC’s "Good Morning Joe" morning news program, which was Biden’s favorite TV talk show.

The New York Times reported that Democrats used to feel sorry for Biden. Although they hoped that he would leave the stage gracefully, now they are increasingly resentful of him, complaining that the president they admired was arrogant and selfish. They feel that he will not only return the White House to Trump, but also drag down other candidates of the Democratic Party.

The call for him to step down is getting louder and louder, not from marginal figures, but from people in the Democratic Party who have been very important to him in the past few years.

The American media found that Biden spent more time with his two longest-serving and most loyal advisers: senior campaign adviser Mike Donilon and presidential adviser Steve Ricchetti. They think their professional knowledge is more popular, and both think that opinion polls have become less meaningful.

The internally monitored poll data comforted the Democratic campaign team. The data shows that most of the supporters Biden lost since the day of the presidential debate are unlikely to vote for Trump, which indicates that they may change their minds.

"I think he bought us some time at the NATO press conference." A campaign consultant revealed to the media that many campaign assistants thought that Biden gave a series of stable and powerful answers after watching the press conference, which eliminated people’s concerns about his health and demonstrated his foreign policy talents. "That night, everyone breathed a sigh of relief. If things don’t go well, I think we all think things will end in 24 hours. "

But the most senior American party political observer can’t deny that no one can force him to submit. "It’s just pure emotion. This is not a strong data-driven action. " A Democratic strategist said that the fate of the Democratic Party depends on the intuition of a person who has been committed to national politics for the past 52 years.

　　At 8 o’clock, witness the news every day. CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours for you.

　　[Concern of the two sessions]

　　These people were disqualified from being CPPCC members.

　　The press conference of the second session of the 13th Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference was held in the Great Hall of the People on the afternoon of March 2nd. Guo Weimin, spokesman of the conference, introduced the relevant information of the conference to Chinese and foreign media and answered questions from reporters.

　　A reporter asked how many CPPCC members were disqualified from Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference last year. Guo Weimin said that as of March 1, 2019, Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference had revoked three members’ qualifications, namely Ceng Zhiquan, former member of the Standing Committee of the Guangdong Provincial Party Committee and former Minister of the United Front Work Department; Meng Hongwei, former deputy minister of the Ministry of Public Security and member of the Party Committee; and Shu Yuhui, chairman of Quanjian Group Co., Ltd. Two members were ordered to resign, one was Xue Cheng, former president of the Chinese Buddhist Association, and the other was Du Jiangtao, chairman of the board of directors of Junzheng Group.

　　The 15 th spokesman of the CPPCC National Committee appeared.

　　On March 2, the first press conference of the two sessions was held. This year, the spokesman of the CPPCC National Committee changed. Guo Weimin, 60, deputy director of the State Council Press Office, was sitting on the rostrum of the conference. He was also a member of Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Foreign Affairs Committee. Since 1983, when the press spokesman system was first established in Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, Guo Weimin was the 15th press spokesman of the conference.

　　The Heilongjiang delegation took the lead in becoming the first delegation from outside Beijing to arrive in Beijing.

　　On March 2, with Harbin — The Z16 train from Beijing entered Beijing Railway Station, and the Heilongjiang delegation attending the Second Session of the 13th National People’s Congress arrived in Beijing. This is the first delegation from outside Beijing to arrive in Beijing.

　　[domestic]

　　Supreme Law: Last year, the national courts accepted more than 26,000 criminal cases of environmental resources.

　　Jiang Bixin, deputy party secretary and vice president of China the Supreme People’s Court, said on the 2nd that in 2018, the national courts accepted 26,481 criminal cases of environmental resources in the first instance and concluded 25,623 cases. Compared with 2017, the number of acceptances increased by 3,752, up by 16.51%; The number of cases concluded increased by 2,986, up by 13.19%.

　　China-Europe Banlie (Zhengzhou) Cross-border E-commerce Special Line opens to sell goods to 28 European countries.

　　The first cross-border e-commerce "Cainiao" special line opened in land port, Zhengzhou on the 2nd. This special train runs twice a week from here to Liege, Belgium. This line is also the first cross-border e-commerce commodity logistics line opened in central China.

　　Zheng Tie police Spring Festival travel rush cracked more than 60 criminal cases.　

　　During the 40 days in Spring Festival travel rush, railway police, Zhengzhou focused on cracking down on scalping and stealing passengers’ property, and carried out a number of special actions such as "cleaning up" and "winter". This year, in Spring Festival travel rush, more than 60 scalping and criminal cases were cracked, including 44 scalping cases, 2,189 tickets of various types, 45 online fugitives and 2,600 grams of heroin.

　　[international]

　　Foreign media: Kim Jong-un ended his four-day trip to Vietnam and boarded the return train.　

　　According to foreign media reports, Kim Jong-un, the top leader of North Korea, boarded the return train on the 2 nd and ended his four-day trip to Vietnam. From March 1 ST to 2 nd, Kim Jong-un opened an official goodwill visit to Vietnam.

　　An earthquake of magnitude 5.8 occurred off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan with a focal depth of 10 kilometers.　

　　China Seismological Network officially determined that an earthquake of magnitude 5.8 occurred at 11: 22 on March 2 in the far sea off the coast of Hokkaido, Japan (41.96 degrees north latitude and 146.93 degrees east longitude) with a focal depth of 10 kilometers.

　　India and Pakistan exchanged fire and shelled again, causing civilian casualties.　

　　According to Pakistani media reports, on the morning of the 2nd local time, India and Pakistani border guards exchanged fire near the actual control line again. It was reported that the shelling from India caused two civilians to die on the Pakistani side and many houses were destroyed.

　　Society

　　The cause of the accident at Zilong Expressway in Sichuan Province, where 4 people were killed and 1 injured, is under investigation.　

　　Weibo, the official of the Third Detachment of Sichuan High-speed Traffic Police, announced on the 2nd that at about 0: 10 on the 2nd, a minibus driven by Wu collided with a heavy-duty special-structure truck driven by Li on the Zilong Expressway in S22, killing four people and injuring one. At present, the cause of the accident is being further investigated.

　　Ofo responded to "deposit upgrade mall gold coins": protect user rights as much as possible.

　　Recently, ofo sharing bicycles launched the service of "Gold coins for deposit upgrade discount mall". On March 2, ofo sharing bicycles said that all users will have the right to choose independently after being fully informed, and do everything possible to protect the rights and interests of users.

　　[Entertainment]

　　Beijing "Love Ear Day" public welfare concert held.　

　　　On the eve of the 20th national "Love Ear Day", last night, a national "Love Ear Day" public welfare concert jointly organized by 12 ministries and commissions including China Disabled Persons’ Federation, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Civil Affairs and Health and Health Commission was held in the National Grand Theatre.

　　[Sports]

　　Luneng fans cheered while infusion: I am from Shandong and love Taishan team.

　　Shandong Luneng beat Beijingers 4-0 at home in the first reserve match of the new season. In the stands of Luneng base, a Luneng fan hung a bottle to cheer for Taishan team’s reserve team and became "online celebrity" for a time.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor: Zhu Xinyu

　　On March 28th, 2023, local time in Seoul, South Korea, Ren Zhuyuan, spokesman of the Korean Foreign Ministry, answered questions about the examination and approval results of Japanese government primary school textbooks. Vision china diagram

　　On March 28th, local time, the South Korean Foreign Ministry summoned the Japanese general minister to lodge a solemn protest against the Japanese government’s approval of textbooks containing "improper claims". The South Korean side pointed out that these textbooks "distorted history" and played down the crimes committed during the Japanese aggression. At the same time, they advocated Japan’s sovereignty over Dokdo (called Zhudao in Japan). The South Korean side deeply regretted it and asked Japan to correct it.

　　Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology announced earlier that day that 149 primary school textbooks had been approved and will be used in the 2024 school year.

　　After analyzing the sample books, Yonhap News Agency found that the Japanese side played down what it did during its colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula from 1910 to 1945 in the new textbooks. For example, when describing Koreans who were forcibly recruited into the army, the new textbook changed to the word "joining the army", which is consistent with the Japanese claim that these people "voluntarily" joined the army.

　　In another textbook, Japan called Zhudao its inherent territory, which was illegally occupied by South Korea at this stage.

　　This island is located in the eastern waters of the Korean peninsula, covering an area of about 0.18 square kilometers. South Korea, North Korea and Japan all claim sovereignty over it. At present, the island is actually controlled by South Korea.

　　In addition, the South Korean side also pointed out that the new Japanese textbooks downplayed the relevant expressions of forced labor during World War II.

　　On the 28th, Zhao Xiandong, the first official of the South Korean Foreign Ministry, summoned Naoki Kumatani, the Japanese ambassador to South Korea, to protest against the Japanese practice. According to South Korean media, due to the temporary return of Japanese ambassador to South Korea Xiang Xing Koichi, the South Korean side summoned Naoki Kumatani as the temporary charge d ‘affaires instead. On-site photos show that Naoki Kumatani walked into the South Korean Foreign Ministry building in Seoul with a serious expression.

　　South Korean Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Lin Zhu Yong said in a statement that Japan’s claim to have sovereignty over Dokdo is "unreasonable" and unacceptable. South Korea deeply regrets and urges Japan to show sincerity and correct the problem.

　　An official of the South Korean Foreign Ministry said that although relations between South Korea and Japan have improved recently, territorial disputes, textbooks and "comfort women" between the two countries have not been resolved, and this has not changed. The ROK will continue to communicate with the Japanese side through diplomatic channels and demand that the textbook issue be corrected.

　　In response to the request of the ROK, the Japanese side has not responded.

　　This is not the first time that a "textbook storm" has occurred in Korea and Japan. In April, 2021, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan approved the application of five publishing houses to modify or delete the related expressions of "comfort women" in textbooks, and agreed to change "comfort women with the army" into "comfort women" and "forced removal" into "forced mobilization" or "expropriation" in an attempt to wash away the Japanese war crimes. The South Korean Foreign Ministry deeply regrets this and urges Japan to show its sincerity in solving historical problems between the two countries.

　　Medical technicians in Cihu High-tech Zone, Ma ‘anshan City, Anhui Province are developing COVID-19 pharmaceutical core intermediates. Wang Wensheng photo/bright picture

　　Workers of a pharmaceutical company in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province work in the pharmaceutical production workshop. Xinhua news agency

　　　 [Endeavour, New Journey, New Era, Great Change]

　　　 Since the reform of evaluation in 2015, National Medical Products Administration has approved 95 innovative drugs and approved 155 innovative medical devices to be listed.

　　　 Five Covid-19 vaccines were approved for conditional marketing, two Covid-19 vaccines were approved for emergency use, and 34 vaccine varieties with five technical routes entered clinical trials.

　　　 106 novel coronavirus detection reagents were approved, including 38 nucleic acid detection reagents, 37 antibody detection reagents and 31 antigen detection reagents.

　　　 "The quality of registration application materials is not high, and it needs to be supplemented and improved many times during the review process, which seriously affects the efficiency of review and approval; Repeated construction and application of generic drugs, vicious competition in the market, and the quality of some generic drugs is far from the international advanced level; The listing approval time of new drugs urgently needed in clinic is too long, and drug research and development institutions and researchers cannot apply for drug registration, which affects the enthusiasm of drug innovation. "

　　　 This is a frank and incisive analysis of drugs and medical devices related to people’s lives and health in a the State Council document seven years ago. This analysis resonates with the confusion of the people: Why are some drugs "slower" to market in China than in foreign countries? Why do some people go overseas to purchase medicines?

　　　 The full name of the the State Council document is Opinions on Reforming the Examination and Approval System of Medicines and Medical Devices, which was issued in August 2015, thus kicking off the reform of the examination and approval system of medicines and medical devices in China (hereinafter referred to as the examination and approval reform). Especially since its establishment in 2018, National Medical Products Administration has continuously deepened the reform of evaluation, encouraged the innovation of drugs and medical devices, improved the quality of drugs and medical devices, increased effective supply, and effectively guaranteed people’s health and life safety.

1. The backlog of registration applications has been solved.

　　　 The quality of drugs and medical devices is related to everyone’s health and safety, which is the original intention of implementing the review and approval system. However, if the evaluation efficiency is too low, it will lead to the lag of product listing time, which will also affect people’s health and safety. After all, disease waits for no one.

　　　 Take drugs as an example. In the past, the backlog of drug registration applications in China was serious, with a maximum of 22,000 applications. Many drugs have to wait several years for approval after they apply for registration. Pharmaceutical companies are helpless and patients are miserable.

　　　 How to speed up the review? This is the first problem to be solved in the reform. The drug regulatory authorities, seeing the move, launched a series of powerful measures — —

　　　 Full implementation of the implied license system for 60-day expiration of drug clinical trials, which is one-third shorter than the 90-day review time limit before the reform.

　　　 We will establish and improve the procedures for accelerating the listing and registration of drugs, optimize the review and approval process, and give priority to the clinical shortage of drugs, anticancer drugs, drugs for children, drugs for rare diseases, drugs for major infectious diseases, vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control, and innovative high-end medical devices, thus greatly shortening the review time limit.

　　　 Drugs that show efficacy in early clinical trials can be conditionally approved for marketing and used in urgent need patients who can’t wait any longer.

　　　 … … … …

　　　 As a drug technical evaluation institution, National Medical Products Administration Drug Evaluation Center has also strengthened the management of evaluation items, refined the evaluation sequence, strengthened the management of time limit, set up special groups, increased reviewers, revised the evaluation points, standardized technical requirements, etc., and the evaluation standards, quality and efficiency of drugs have been greatly improved.

　　　 "From the peak in 2015, there was a backlog of more than 20,000 applications. By 2018, more than 90% of them were reviewed within the time limit, and China’s drug review and approval entered the fast lane." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Drug Registration of National Medical Products Administration told the reporter that, for example, in terms of new drugs urgently needed overseas, by the end of 2021, 51 new drugs urgently needed overseas were approved for listing, among which the review of rare diseases drugs was completed within 3 months, and the review of other drugs urgently needed clinically was completed within 6 months, which greatly shortened the time for listing new drugs urgently needed overseas in China.

2. The innovation enthusiasm of the pharmaceutical industry has been stimulated.

　　　 The backlog of applications has been solved, and the speed of drug listing has been accelerated. However, in order to meet the people’s drug demand, new drugs need to be put on the market continuously. Encouraging drug innovation is the core of evaluation reform.

　　　 In 2015, the Opinions on Reforming the Examination and Approval System of Drugs and Medical Devices raised the standards for drug approval, and changed the new drugs from "drugs that were not marketed in China" to "drugs that were not marketed in China or abroad", that is, "global new". Two years later, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, and made special arrangements for the innovation of pharmaceutical and medical devices.

　　　 The reporter learned that in order to encourage the research and development of innovative drugs and medical devices, National Medical Products Administration not only gave support in priority evaluation, but also formulated a series of technical guiding principles, such as "Technical Requirements for Application for Pharmaceutical Common Problems in Phase I Clinical Trials of Innovative Chemicals", to guide the application for research and development of innovative products. Reviewers will also take the initiative to communicate with R&D producers in key review links such as pre-clinical, clinical and pre-listing, so as to avoid detours.

　　　 "The review reform encourages clinical value-oriented drug innovation, optimizes the review and approval procedures for innovative drugs, and accelerates the review of innovative drugs that are urgently needed in clinic, which greatly stimulates the research and development vitality of pharmaceutical companies." The relevant person in charge of Renfu Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. told reporters that in recent years, a number of new drugs have been approved for listing in this enterprise, and new breakthroughs have been achieved in innovation capability.

　　　 Among many reform measures, the system of drug marketing license holders deserves attention. Previously, only pharmaceutical manufacturers could apply for drug registration. In order to register drugs, researchers and research institutions must first invest and build factories themselves. This management system of product registration and production license is not conducive to drug innovation. In 2015, China launched a pilot system of drug marketing license holders in 10 provinces and cities, and drug research and development institutions and researchers can apply for registered drugs. Expert analysis pointed out that this move reduced the capital investment and time cost of drug developers, and new drugs could be listed three to five years in advance. In 2019, the drug marketing license holder system was written into the newly revised drug administration law and was fully implemented nationwide.

　　　 According to National Medical Products Administration, in recent years, China has made great progress in the development of innovative drugs. From 2018 to 2021, the number of innovative drugs approved for marketing increased year by year, with 11, 12, 20 and 45, respectively, including Covid-19 vaccines and clinically urgent therapeutic drugs in the fields of tumors, immune system diseases and rare diseases. The pace of medical device innovation is also accelerating. In 2021, 35 innovative medical devices were approved for listing, which is the largest number of innovative products approved in recent years.

3. Consistency evaluation improves the efficacy of generic drugs.

　　　 In recent years, many drugs that were originally expensive began to reduce their prices. Careful observation shows that there is a "hero" behind the decline in drug prices — — Generic drugs.

　　　 Innovative drugs provide new options for treating diseases and saving lives, but for the vast majority of patients, generic drugs are their life. According to National Medical Products Administration, China’s modern pharmaceutical industry started late, and the production of drugs is mainly imitation. More than 95% of the chemicals that have been approved for marketing are generic drugs.

　　　 Generic drugs are imitations of the original drug after the patent protection period expires, and the price is much lower than that of the original drug. In the past, China’s generic drug evaluation and approval standards were not high, and there was a lack of high-quality generic drugs, and the curative effect was very different from that of the original drug.

　　　 Improving the quality and efficacy of generic drugs is an important goal of evaluation reform, and the solution is the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy — — For generic drugs that have been approved for marketing, the evaluation should be carried out according to the principle of consistency with the quality and efficacy of the original drug. The core is that generic drugs should reach the level consistent with the original drug in quality and efficacy, and can replace the original drug in clinic.

　　　 "There are several key issues in carrying out consistency evaluation, one is the selection and determination of reference preparations, the other is the determination of technical standards, and the third is to strictly follow the procedures." According to the person in charge of National Medical Products Administration, the Bureau ensured the smooth development of generic drug conformity evaluation by improving the evaluation system, strictly evaluating standards, strengthening service guidance and optimizing the workflow. At present, 4677 specifications of generic reference preparations have been published, and 2044 specifications and 437 varieties have been applied for through consistency evaluation.

　　　 Consistency evaluation puts generic drugs on the right track, and ultimately benefits the people. Since the pilot of centralized drug procurement and use organized by the state was launched nationwide in 2019, a number of domestic generic drugs won the bid. Medical insurance, health insurance and other departments have organized medical institutions to carry out research on 14 representative generic drugs that won the bid, and confirmed that these 14 generic drugs that passed the consistency evaluation are clinically equivalent to the original drugs. Generic drugs with the same efficacy as the original drug are not only cheaper, but also further reduce the price of the original drug under competitive pressure, greatly reducing the burden of patients.

4, emergency review and approval for epidemic prevention and control to provide a strong guarantee.

　　　 4 days, which is the time for China to complete the review and approval of the first Covid-19 nucleic acid detection reagent and sequencing reagent in the world.

　　　 On January 20, 2020, National Medical Products Administration Instrument Center started the emergency work overnight, and the reviewers stayed up all night to connect with the enterprises one by one, and the review and research and development were carried out simultaneously. On January 26th, the first batch of four in vitro diagnostic reagent products were approved for marketing, which provided an effective detection method for the first line of anti-epidemic.

　　　 The outbreak of epidemic situation in COVID-19 challenges the evaluation reform. Xu Jinghe, deputy director of National Medical Products Administration, said at the Boao Forum for Asia in 2021 that the role of drug supervision departments in epidemic prevention and control has changed, from reviewers to instructors, working with enterprises to speed up product listing.

　　　 It is understood that National Medical Products Administration made every effort to carry out emergency review and approval during the epidemic. Five Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing, two Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use, and 34 vaccine varieties from five technical routes have entered clinical trials. Organized the formulation of three technical guidelines for research and development of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19, approved 58 applications for clinical trials of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19, and approved the registration and listing of Qingfei Detoxification Granules, Huashi Detoxification Granules and Xuanfei Detoxification Granules. 106 novel coronavirus detection reagents were approved to effectively meet the needs of epidemic prevention and control.

　　　 The epidemic is not over yet, and the emergency review and approval is still going on. As long as people’s health needs it, the evaluation reform will not stop. The drug supervision departments and reviewers have been speeding up on the road of realizing healthy China, so as to run out of acceleration for people’s health.

　　　 (Reporter Chen Haibo)

Zhongxin. com, Chengdu, September 6 (Reporter He Yuqing) The reporter learned from the Sichuan Provincial Committee of the Communist Youth League on the 6 th that the Sichuan Youth Development Foundation, the Sichuan Youth Federation and the Sichuan Young Entrepreneurs Association jointly issued the "Proposal for Emergency Relief Action of the" 9.5 "Luding Earthquake Hope Project in Sichuan Province" on the same day, urging caring enterprises and individuals from all walks of life to donate generously and actively support the earthquake-stricken areas. The proposal also announced the donation method and contact information of material donation.

　　The original text of the proposal is as follows:

　　Proposal for Emergency Relief Action of Hope Project of "9.5" Luding Earthquake in Sichuan Province

　　At 12: 52 on September 5, 2022, an earthquake of magnitude 6.8 occurred in Luding County, Sichuan Province, with a focal depth of 16 kilometers. The disasters in Luding County of Ganzi Prefecture and Shimian County of Ya ‘an City in our province were serious. Sichuan people once again face the pain of the earthquake. At this moment, the disaster area needs our help!

　　In order to help teenagers and families with special difficulties in disaster areas get out of the shadow of the earthquake as soon as possible, return to school, resume production and rebuild their hopes, Sichuan Youth Development Foundation, Sichuan Youth Federation and Sichuan Young Entrepreneurs Association jointly launched "Sichuan Province ‘ 9·5’ Luding Earthquake Hope Project Emergency Relief Action ",mobilizing caring enterprises and individuals from all walks of life to support the earthquake-stricken areas. According to the current situation, the three contents of this emergency relief operation are drawn up: first, to raise much-needed living security materials for the disaster-stricken areas; The second is to raise funds to carry out humanistic and mental health care for the people in the disaster areas; The third is to raise grants and relief funds for young students in disaster areas (donate 1000 yuan to fund a primary school or junior high school student in disaster areas; Donate 3000 yuan to support a high school or vocational school student in the disaster area; Donate 5000 yuan to help a college freshman in the disaster area; Donate 10000 yuan to help a student and family with special difficulties in the disaster area.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law

(Adopted at the Second Session of the 14th the NPC Standing Committee on April 26th, 2023)

　　catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevent and control ecological risks, ensure ecological security, build a highland of national ecological civilization, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to activities related to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Where there are no provisions in this law, the provisions of other relevant laws shall apply.

　　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as mentioned in this Law refers to all administrative regions of Xizang Autonomous Region and Qinghai provinces and relevant county-level administrative regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Yunnan Province.

　　Article 3 The ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall respect, conform to and protect nature. Adhere to ecological protection first, natural restoration first, and keep the natural ecological security boundary; Adhere to overall coordination, classified policies, scientific prevention and control, and systematic governance.

　　Article 4 The State shall establish a coordination mechanism for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make overall guidance and comprehensive coordination for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, review major policies, major plans and major projects for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, coordinate major issues across regions and departments, and supervise and inspect the implementation of relevant important work.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

　　Article 5 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall implement the responsibilities of ecological protection and restoration, prevention and control of ecological risks, optimization of industrial structure and layout, and maintenance of ecological security on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Relevant places on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen cooperation in the formulation of local regulations and local government rules, planning, supervision and law enforcement as needed, and jointly promote ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 6 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall incorporate the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into the national economic and social development plan.

　　According to the division of responsibilities, the relevant departments of the State Council organize the preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the implementation of major ecological restoration projects, and promote the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, organize the implementation of relevant special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in their respective administrative areas. The preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be scientifically demonstrated and evaluated.

　　Article 7 The State shall strengthen the investigation on the natural resources and ecological environment of the land, forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts, wild animals and plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, carry out the evaluation on the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment and the suitability of national space development, improve the monitoring network system of ecological environment, natural resources, biodiversity, hydrology, meteorology, geology, soil and water conservation and natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and promote comprehensive monitoring, collaborative monitoring and normalization monitoring. Investigation, evaluation and monitoring information shall be shared in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 8 The State encourages and supports scientific investigation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strengthens research on major scientific and technological issues and major scientific and technological infrastructure construction in the fields of climate change, biodiversity, ecological protection and restoration, hydrology and water resources, snow mountain glacier frozen soil, soil and water conservation, desertification control, river and lake evolution, geological environment, natural disaster monitoring, early warning and prevention, development, utilization and protection of energy and climate resources, carbon sequestration of ecosystems, etc., and promotes long-term research work to master the ecological background and changes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state makes overall arrangements for the scientific and technological innovation platform for ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increases the training of scientific and technological professionals, makes full use of the scientific investigation and research achievements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, popularizes and applies advanced and applicable technologies, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and gives full play to the supporting role of science and technology in ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 9 Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels shall take effective measures to protect the traditional ecological and cultural heritage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and promote the excellent ecological culture of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the publicity and education of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, spread the concept of ecological civilization, advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, improve the quality of ecological civilization of the whole people, and encourage and support units and individuals to participate in activities related to ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The news media should take various forms to carry out propaganda and reports on ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and supervise the illegal activities by public opinion according to law.

　　Tenth units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Article 11 The state shall make overall plans for the ecological security layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promote the comprehensive management, systematic management and source management of grass, sand and ice in mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes, implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, optimize the ecological security barrier system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with water conservation, biodiversity protection, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and carbon sequestration of ecosystems as its main ecological functions, improve the quality, diversity, stability and sustainability of ecosystems, enhance the supply capacity of ecological products and the service function of ecosystems, and build a national ecological security barrier strategy.

　　Article 12 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize the compilation of the territorial space planning of their respective administrative areas, and shall implement the relevant requirements of the state for the development and protection of the territorial space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make detailed arrangements for the functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology and towns, and make overall plans to delimit cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, the red line of ecological protection and the development boundary of cities and towns. The special planning involving the use of land and space in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be linked with the land and space planning.

　　Thirteenth Qinghai-Tibet Plateau land space development and utilization activities should meet the requirements of land space use control. The conversion of uses in the ecological space of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be conducive to enhancing the ecological functions of forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts and other ecosystems.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the supervision and management of human activities within the red line of ecological protection and regularly evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection.

　　Article 14 The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the ecological environment and the utilization of resources in their respective administrative areas, and in accordance with the requirements of the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality and the on-line utilization of resources, strictly formulate the ecological environment zoning control plan and the ecological environment access list, and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record before implementation. Eco-environmental zoning control scheme and eco-environmental access list should be connected with national land spatial planning.

　　Article 15 The state strengthens the protection of forests, alpine meadows, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, plateau permafrost, deserts, spring areas and other ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Consolidate and upgrade the ecological function areas of grassland meadow wetland in Sanjiangyuan (the birthplace of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River), Zoige grassland wetland ecological function area, Gannan Yellow River important water supply ecological function area, Qilian Mountain glacier and water conservation ecological function area, Altun grassland desertification control ecological function area, Sichuan-Yunnan forest and biodiversity ecological function area, forest ecological function area on the edge of southeast Tibet Plateau, Qiangtang Plateau desert ecological function area in northwest Tibet, Ecological functions of national key ecological function area, such as water conservation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, etc.

　　Article 16 The State supports the construction of a nature reserve system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. People’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have set up national parks, nature reserves, natural parks and other nature reserves in the complete distribution areas of important typical ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, sensitive areas of ecological environment, natural concentrated distribution areas of rare, endangered or endemic wild animals and plants, important habitats, important natural relics and important natural landscapes, and promoted the construction of nature reserves such as Sanjiangyuan, Qilian Mountain, Qiangtang, Mount Everest, Gaoligongshan and Gongga Mountain to maintain important natural ecosystems.

　　Article 17 The industrial structure and layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be compatible with the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, resources and environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the requirements of national spatial planning, adjust the industrial structure, optimize the layout of productive forces, give priority to the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly industries, moderately develop eco-tourism, characteristic culture, characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry, ethnic handicrafts and other regional characteristic eco-industries, and establish and improve a green, low-carbon and circular economy system.

　　The construction and expansion of industrial projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the functional orientation of the regional main body and the requirements of the national industrial policy, and strictly implement the provisions on natural resource development, industrial access and exit.

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Article 18 The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, adheres to the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, sand and ice, and implements the systematic management of giving priority to natural restoration and combining natural restoration with artificial restoration.

　　Article 19 The relevant departments and local people’s governments in the State Council shall strengthen the ecological protection and restoration work in the Three Rivers source area, systematically protect and classify the national parks established according to law, scientifically adopt measures such as grazing prohibition and enclosure, intensify the control of degraded grasslands, degraded wetlands, desertified land and soil erosion, and comprehensively rectify severely degraded land; All kinds of resource development and utilization activities that destroy ecological functions or do not meet the requirements of differentiated management and control are strictly prohibited.

　　Article 20 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the protection system of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and strengthen the monitoring, early warning and systematic protection of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should include large-scale ice cap glaciers and small-scale glaciers in the red line of ecological protection, implement closed protection for important snow-capped glaciers, and take effective measures to strictly control human disturbance.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall delimit the scope of protection of permafrost regions, strengthen the protection of permafrost regions and mid-deep seasonal permafrost regions, strictly control the development of resources in permafrost regions, and strictly examine and approve major engineering projects such as town planning, transportation, pipelines and power transmission and transformation in permafrost regions.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out the coordinated protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and the surrounding ecosystems, and maintain the natural ecological environment conducive to the protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil.

　　Article 21 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the management and protection system for rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the system of long rivers and lakes, and increase the protection of key rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, and key lakes such as Qinghai Lake, Zhaling Lake, Ering Lake, Selinchuo, Namco, Yangzhuo Yongcuo and Mapang Yongcuo.

　　The management scope of rivers and lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be scientifically delineated and promulgated by the relevant local people’s governments at or above the county level according to law. It is forbidden to illegally use or occupy rivers, lakes and coastlines on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 22 The development and utilization of water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the comprehensive planning of river basins, adhere to scientific development and rational utilization, coordinate all kinds of water demand, give consideration to the interests of upstream and downstream, main tributaries and left and right banks, give full play to the comprehensive benefits of water resources, and ensure water safety and ecological safety.

　　Article 23 The state strictly protects natural grasslands in important ecological locations such as the source of great rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and classifies grasslands that play the most basic and important role in safeguarding national ecological security and ensuring the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry as basic grasslands according to law. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the protection of grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implement stricter protection and management of basic grasslands, and ensure that the area is not reduced, the quality is not degraded, and the use is not changed.

　　The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of alpine meadows and grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should optimize the construction of grassland fences, take effective measures to protect the original vegetation of grasslands, scientifically promote the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, and implement comprehensive management of degraded grasslands such as black soil beaches.

　　Article 24 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall coordinate the grassland ecological protection and the development of animal husbandry in an overall way, and, in light of the local actual conditions, regularly check the carrying capacity of grasslands, implement the balance between grass and livestock, scientifically delimit grazing prohibition areas, and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Grassland severely degraded, desertified, salinized and rocky desertification and grassland in ecologically fragile areas shall be prohibited from grazing and closed for grazing.

　　Grassland contractors shall make rational use of grasslands and shall not exceed the approved livestock carrying capacity of grasslands; Measures such as planting and storing forage, increasing forage supply, adjusting livestock and optimizing herd structure are taken to keep the balance between forage and livestock.

　　Article 25 The state comprehensively strengthens the protection of natural forests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strictly restricts the cutting of natural forests, strengthens the protection of native zonal vegetation, optimizes the structure of forest ecosystem, and improves the shelter forest system in important river basins. The people’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall demarcate public welfare forests in important ecological areas and ecologically fragile areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law and implement strict management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments should scientifically implement land greening, adjust measures to local conditions, rationally allocate arbor, shrub and grass vegetation, give priority to the use of native tree species and grass seeds, improve the quality of greening, and strengthen pest control and forest and grassland fire prevention.

　　Article 26 The State strengthens the protection and restoration of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, enhances the ecological functions of wetlands such as water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity protection, and enhances the carbon sequestration capacity of wetlands.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the coordination of wetland protection, take effective measures, implement the requirements of the total wetland area control target, optimize the spatial layout of wetland protection, strengthen the overall protection of river sources, upper and middle reaches and peat swamp wetlands, and comprehensively rectify and restore wetlands with serious ecological degradation.

　　It is forbidden to exploit peat in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige. It is forbidden to open (enclose) reclamation, drain natural wetlands and other acts that destroy wetlands and their ecological functions.

　　Article 27 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall implement the strictest farmland protection system, take effective measures to improve the basic fertility of cultivated land, enhance the ecological function of cultivated land, and protect and improve the ecological environment of cultivated land; Encourage and support agricultural producers and operators to adopt the methods of combination of cultivation and utilization, saline-alkali land improvement, ecological cycle and comprehensive utilization of wastes, scientifically utilize cultivated land, popularize the use of green and efficient agricultural production technologies, strictly control the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and scientifically dispose of agricultural wastes such as agricultural films and crop straws.

　　Article 28 The competent departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture and rural areas of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, conduct a survey of wildlife species, put forward opinions on implementing protection measures according to the survey, improve the relevant directory system, and strengthen the protection of important habitats of wildlife, migration routes and original habitats of wild plants. Key protection will be given to wild yak, Tibetan antelope, Przewalski’s gazelle, snow leopard, giant panda, Gaoligong white-browed gibbon, black-necked crane, Hucho taiwanensis, yellow river fish with bony lips, black-spotted pheasant, flat-nosed fish, naked carp and Rhodiola crenulata, Cyperaceae in Tibet, snow rabbit and other rare and endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state supports the development of wild animal rescue and breeding bases and the construction of botanical gardens and plateau biological germplasm resources banks, and strengthens the rescue and ex-situ protection of rare, endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize relevant units and individuals to actively carry out comprehensive prevention and control of wildlife damage. If wildlife causes casualties or losses to livestock, crops or other property, compensation shall be given according to law.

　　Article 29 The State strengthens the protection of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements major projects for biodiversity protection, and prevents the destruction of biodiversity.

　　Relevant departments in the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to establish and improve ecological corridors and enhance the integrity and connectivity of ecosystems.

　　Article 30 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their departments in charge of forestry and grassland shall take measures such as the closure and protection of desertified land, the protection and restoration of vegetation, and strengthen the ecological protection of desert and the comprehensive management of desertified land.

　　Article 31 The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take measures such as closed cultivation, rotational grazing, and resettlement, and implement key control projects such as plateau mountains, farmland sand belt, river bank belt, and ecological protection belt to enhance the function of soil and water conservation.

　　Article 32 The water administrative department of the State Council and the people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take effective measures to strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion in the headwaters of the three rivers, the Heihe River Basin of Qilian Mountain, the upper reaches of Jinsha River and Minjiang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the areas where the Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River are in parallel, as well as the key prevention areas and control areas of soil erosion, and the valley areas with relatively dense population.

　　It is forbidden to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is really necessary to build because of the national development strategy and the national economy and people’s livelihood, it should be scientifically demonstrated, and the examination and approval procedures should be handled according to law, and the disturbance scope should be strictly controlled.

　　Article 33 The establishment of exploration rights and mining rights on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the requirements of national spatial planning and mineral resources planning. It is prohibited by law to engage in sand mining and mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in the nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River.

　　Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the prospecting and mining rights holders shall adopt advanced and applicable technologies, equipment and products, and choose environmentally friendly and safe exploration and mining technologies and methods to avoid or reduce the damage to mineral resources and ecological environment; It is forbidden to use technologies, equipment and products that have been explicitly eliminated by the state. Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in eco-environment sensitive areas shall comply with relevant control requirements and take protective measures such as avoidance, mitigation and timely restoration and reconstruction to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　Article 34 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take measures such as eliminating hidden dangers of geological disasters, land reclamation, vegetation restoration and pollution prevention and control according to local conditions, speed up the ecological restoration of mines left over from history, strengthen the supervision and management of mines under construction and operation, and urge mining rights holders to fulfill their responsibilities of mine pollution prevention and ecological restoration according to law.

　　Mining mineral resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should scientifically compile the mining plan of mineral resources and the ecological restoration plan of mining areas. New mines shall be planned, designed, constructed and operated in strict accordance with the standards for green mine construction. Production mines should implement green upgrading, strengthen the operation and management of tailings ponds, and prevent and resolve environmental and safety risks.

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Article 35 The State shall establish and improve the ecological risk prevention and control system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, take effective measures to improve the ability and level of ecological risk prevention and control such as natural disaster prevention and climate change response, and ensure the ecological security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 36 The State shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters such as earthquakes, avalanches, ice collapses, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, glacial lake bursts, frozen soil melting, forest and grassland fires, heavy rains (snows), droughts, etc.

　　When engineering construction is carried out in areas prone to geological disasters, the risk assessment of geological disasters shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, and measures such as project management or relocation and avoidance shall be taken in time.

　　Article 37 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the comprehensive management of natural disasters, raise the standards of natural disaster prevention projects such as earthquakes, mountain torrents, glacial lake bursts and geological disasters, and establish natural disaster prevention projects and non-engineering systems that are compatible with the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Construction and operation units of infrastructure projects such as transportation, water conservancy, electric power, municipal administration and border crossings shall undertake the obligation of prevention and control of natural disasters according to law, take comprehensive control measures, strengthen the prevention and control of natural disasters during project construction and operation, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　Article 38 If major engineering construction may cause ecological and geological environmental impacts, the construction unit shall, according to the conditions of sensitive and fragile areas along the engineering line, formulate ecological and geological environmental monitoring programs along the line and carry out full-life cycle monitoring of ecological and geological environmental impacts, including background monitoring before the project starts, ecological and geological environmental impact monitoring during the engineering construction, and follow-up monitoring of ecological and geological environmental changes and protection and restoration during the engineering operation period.

　　Major projects should avoid important habitats of wild animals, migration routes and natural concentrated distribution areas of national key protected wild plants; If it is impossible to avoid it, measures such as building wildlife passages and ex situ conservation should be taken to avoid or reduce the impact on natural ecosystems and wildlife.

　　Thirty-ninth local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the protection and management of the germplasm resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the investigation and collection of the germplasm resources, and improve the relevant resources protection facilities and databases.

　　It is forbidden to collect or cut natural germplasm resources under special state protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is necessary to collect or cut for scientific research, pest control, natural disaster prevention, etc., approval shall be obtained according to law.

　　Article 40 The relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, make overall plans to promote the prevention and control of alien invasive species in the region, implement the management of examination and approval of alien species introduction, strengthen the prevention and control of alien invasive species at ports, and strengthen the investigation, monitoring, early warning, control, evaluation, removal and ecological restoration of alien invasive species.

　　No unit or individual may introduce, release or discard alien species without approval.

　　Article 41 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of climate change and its comprehensive impact, establish a forecasting system for the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem, climate system, water resources, rare and endangered or endemic wildlife, snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and natural disasters, improve the ecological risk reporting and early warning mechanism, and strengthen the assessment of the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of plateau ecosystem.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out monitoring and risk assessment of the impact of melting and degradation of frozen soil in snow-capped mountains on regional ecosystems.

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Article 42 The State shall increase financial investment in ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the central government shall allocate special funds for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevention and control of ecological risks, etc. The investment in the central budget will tilt the infrastructure and basic public service facilities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should increase capital investment and focus on supporting the construction of ecological protection and restoration projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 43 The State shall increase the financial transfer payment, and compensate the areas with important ecological functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and adding ecological and environmental protection expenditure. The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should fully incorporate the areas with important ecological functions into the scope of compensation transfer payment for ecological protection at the provincial level, and promote the combination of ecological protection and improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　By carrying out the unified registration of natural resources, the state explores and determines the ownership of ecological products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improves the management and development mechanism of ecological products, encourages the creation of regional public brands of ecological products with characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and forms a diversified path to realize the value of ecological products.

　　Article 44 The state provides support for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements financial and tax policies conducive to water conservation, energy conservation, soil and water conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and encourages the development of financial products such as green credit, green bonds and green insurance.

　　The state encourages and supports non-profit organizations and social capital to participate in the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to carry out activities such as ecological product development, industrial development, scientific and technological innovation and technical services.

　　Article 45 The state supports the construction of an energy system based on wind power, photovoltaic power generation, hydropower, water and wind complementary power generation, light and heat, geothermal and other clean energy sources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to local conditions, strengthens the construction of clean energy transmission channels, and promotes the green and low-carbon transformation of energy sources.

　　In addition to ensuring residents’ electricity consumption and consolidating border defense needs, it is forbidden to build new small hydropower projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 46 The development of eco-tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should meet the requirements of resource and ecological protection, respect and maintain local traditional culture and customs, and protect and rationally utilize tourism resources.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, scientifically develop eco-tourism products on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, design tourist routes, and reasonably control the number of tourists and the scale of related infrastructure construction.

　　Organizing or participating in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tourism, mountain outdoor sports and other activities shall abide by safety regulations and civilized behavior norms, and meet the requirements of regional eco-tourism and mountain outdoor sports control and norms; It is forbidden to destroy the natural landscape and grassland vegetation, hunt and collect wild animals and plants.

　　Organize or participate in activities such as tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and outdoor sports in mountainous areas, and should take away the garbage generated by themselves or put it in designated places; It is forbidden to dump or scatter domestic garbage at will.

　　Article 47 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, make overall plans to promote the construction of major infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy and energy, and environmental infrastructure such as the collection and treatment of domestic sewage and garbage, strengthen the ecological protection and restoration in cities and neighboring areas, make overall plans for the construction of comprehensive service facilities in urban and rural communities, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.

　　The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to promote the treatment of rural domestic sewage and garbage, promote the renovation of rural sanitary toilets and rural greening, continuously improve the rural living environment, shape the rural landscape, and build an ecologically livable beautiful countryside.

　　Article 48 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, supervise and inspect various activities of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, investigate and deal with illegal acts, disclose relevant information on ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, and improve the procedures for public participation.

　　Units and individuals have the right to report and accuse illegal acts that pollute the environment and destroy the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law.

　　Article 49 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the capacity building of ecological protection supervision and management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the level of science and technology and informatization, establish a law enforcement coordination mechanism, and carry out joint law enforcement for major illegal cases and illegal cases across administrative regions and ecologically sensitive areas according to law.

　　Article 50 The state implements the performance evaluation system of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and includes the improvement of environmental quality, the effectiveness of ecological protection and the supply capacity of ecological products in the index system.

　　Article 51 The State strengthens the construction of judicial guarantee for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and encourages relevant units to provide legal services for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Administrative law enforcement organs, people’s courts and people’s procuratorates at all levels in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the process of investigating and handling illegal acts of ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, or handling compensation litigation and public interest litigation for damage to natural resources and ecological environment, shall transfer criminal clues to organs with investigation and investigation powers.

　　Article 52 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall regularly report to the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by the people’s governments at the corresponding levels.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 53 If the relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments violate the provisions of this Law and commit dereliction of duty, abuse of power and malpractice in performing relevant duties, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning, demerit, gross demerit or demotion according to law; If serious consequences are caused, he shall be dismissed or expelled, and the principal responsible person shall take the blame and resign.

　　Article 54 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations:

　　(a) engaged in resource development and utilization activities in national parks, causing ecological damage;

　　(2) Exploitation of peat or reclamation and drainage of natural wetlands in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige;

　　(three) to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology;

　　(4) Collecting or cutting natural germplasm resources under special state protection;

　　(5) Introducing, releasing or discarding alien species without authorization;

　　(six) the destruction of natural landscape or grassland vegetation;

　　(7) Hunting and collecting wildlife under special state or local protection.

　　Article 55 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses or occupies rivers, lake waters and coastlines of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be ordered by the water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, dismantle it within a time limit and restore it to its original state, and be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan; If it is not removed or restored to its original state within the time limit, it will be forcibly removed or restored to its original state on its behalf, and the expenses required will be borne by the offender.

　　Article 56 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources and ecological environment to make corrections according to the division of responsibilities, and the illegal income and equipment and tools directly used for illegal mining shall be confiscated; Illegal income of more than one hundred thousand yuan, and impose a fine of ten times more than twenty times the illegal income; If the illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed.

　　Article 57 Where a construction unit builds a small hydropower project in violation of the provisions of this Law, it shall be ordered by the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the construction, and shall be ordered to restore the original state according to the illegal circumstances and harmful consequences, and a fine of not less than 1% but not more than 5% shall be imposed on the construction of total investment of the project.

　　Article 58 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, dumps or scatters domestic garbage at will during tourism and outdoor sports in mountainous areas shall be ordered by the competent department of environmental sanitation or the department designated by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and the individual shall be fined from 100 yuan to 500 yuan, and if the circumstances are serious, a fine of from 500 yuan to 10,000 yuan shall be imposed; A fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit.

　　Article 59 If anyone pollutes the environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or destroys the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and causes damage to others, the infringer shall bear the tort liability.

　　In case of damage to the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau caused by violation of state regulations, the organ prescribed by the state or the organization prescribed by law shall have the right to request the infringer to bear the responsibility for repair, compensate the losses and related expenses.

　　Article 60 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a violation of public security administration shall be given administrative penalties for public security according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 61 The relevant county-level administrative regions stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of this Law shall be determined by the departments authorized by the State Council.

　　Article 62 Provinces, autonomous regions, cities divided into districts and autonomous prefectures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may formulate specific measures for ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in light of local conditions.

　　Article 63 This Law shall come into force as of September 1, 2023.