In the e-commerce industry, not only Taobao, Tmall, JD.COM and so on are known to us, but in fact, the e-commerce industry can be divided into two directions: domestic trade e-commerce and foreign trade e-commerce, among which foreign trade e-commerce is also called cross-border e-commerce, while domestic trade e-commerce refers to Tmall, Taobao, JD.COM and so on. This article will mainly focus on "What is cross-border e-commerce? What platforms do cross-border e-commerce have? " To describe it.

The term "cross-border e-commerce" (full name: cross-border electronic commerce) appeared in 2011, which refers to an international business activity in which transactions are concluded by means of e-commerce, online ordering, payment and settlement, and goods are delivered through cross-border logistics, cleared through customs and finally delivered.

In terms of transaction mode, China’s cross-border e-commerce can be divided into business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) trade modes.

Under the B2B mode, enterprises use e-commerce mainly by advertising and information release, and the transaction and customs clearance processes are basically completed offline, which is still a traditional trade in essence and has been included in the general trade statistics of customs. Under the B2C model, Chinese enterprises directly face foreign consumers, mainly selling personal consumer goods, and the logistics mainly adopts air parcels, mail, express delivery, etc. The main body of customs declaration is postal or express delivery companies, and most of them are not included in customs registration at present.

From the perspective of import and export, cross-border e-commerce can be divided into export cross-border e-commerce and import cross-border e-commerce.

1. Amazon (Amazon)

Founded in 1995, Amazon is the originator of the world’s e-commerce industry, with its founder Jeff Bezos (known as "brother-in-law"). At present, Amazon has become the world’s largest online retailer with the largest variety of goods and the second largest Internet company in the world. Amazon and other vendors provide customers with millions of unique new, renovated and second-hand goods, such as books, movies, music and games, digital downloads, electronics and computers, home gardening supplies, toys, baby products, food, clothing, shoes and jewelry, health and personal care products, sports and outdoor products, toys, automobiles and industrial products. If you plan to be a seller of Amazon, you must ensure the quality of the goods and take the products as the king.

2.eBay（Chinese Electronic Bay, Yibei, Yi Bei)

Ebay was founded on September 4, 1995, and was named after Auctionweb by Pierre Omidyar. Ebay is the American version of Taobao. It is an online auction and shopping website that allows people all over the world to buy and sell goods online. People can sell goods online on eBay. At present, eBay has 120 million active users worldwide and more than 400 million products published by individuals or businesses, among which brand-new "one-price" products are the main ones. EBay is not opening the China market now. Compared with Amazon, it is relatively easy to open a store on eBay, but it also needs to provide a lot of relevant information, such as bank transaction records and invoices. And although there is no money to open a shop, there is a separate charge for each item on the shelf. It should be noted that eBay prefers buyers.

3.wish

Wish was established on July 4th, 2010, and belongs to the mobile trading platform. Its main market is customers in Europe and America. Women account for about 80% of the wish platform, and they are between 18 and 30 years old. The reason why people choose wish for shopping is not only the convenience on the mobile phone, but also the overall cheap price. In addition, Wish’s unique browsing and recommendation mechanism ensures the quality and attractiveness of goods. As a friend of wish seller, we must grasp the direction of product selection.

4. GlobalAliExpress (AliExpress)

Established in April 2010, AliExpress is a platform owned by Alibaba, which is called "international Taobao". AliExpress is a foreign trade online trading platform that Alibaba helps small and medium-sized enterprises to contact terminal wholesale retailers, sell quickly in small batches and batches, and expand profit margins. At present, the Russian market is the main market, and the opening conditions are simple and easy to operate, which is suitable for newcomers and self-employed.

5. Dunhuang Net

Founded in 2004, Dunhuang Network is the world’s leading online foreign trade trading platform. Its CEO Wang Shutong is one of the earliest e-commerce actors in China. Dunhuang Network is the first website in China to provide B2B online transactions for small and medium-sized enterprises. It adopts a commission system. From February 20, 2019, new sellers began to charge fees for registration, and only after the successful transaction between buyers and sellers. Dunhuang Network is committed to helping small and medium-sized enterprises in China to enter the global market through the cross-border electronic commerce platform.

6.light in the box

Founded in 2007, LightInTheBox is an online B2C cross-border e-commerce company with technology-driven and big data as the breakthrough point and integrated supply chain ecosystem services. Engaged in the wholesale of electronic products, mechanical equipment, Wujinjiaodian, household appliances, textiles, clothing, daily necessities, arts and crafts, jewelry (excluding gold and loose diamonds), cultural and sports supplies and equipment, building materials (excluding steel) and chemical products (excluding dangerous chemicals); Commission agency (except auction), import and export and related supporting business. Electronic accessories have become the largest category of Lanting, accounting for 39.1%, and the clothing category dominated by wedding dresses accounts for 30.7%, in addition to small accessories, small commodities, home and gardening and other products. Lanting Jishi requires platform sellers to provide enterprise three certificates, business license, tax registration and organization code. Electronic products should provide category safety certification, and brand products should submit brand qualification, trademark registration certificate or brand authorization. Lanting Jishi doesn’t charge the platform seller the platform entry fee or service fee, but it will charge 15% commission and 3% transaction fee.

7.Shopee

Shopee ("Shrimp Skin" for short) was founded in 2015 and belongs to Sea Group. Shopee, headquartered in Singapore, is an e-commerce platform in Southeast Asia and Taiwan, China. At present, Shopee shrimp skin can be sold in seven sites in these countries and regions: Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Thailand, Viet Nam and the Philippines. Among them, Singapore, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines have opened cross-border seller business. Shopee has a wide range of products, from consumer electronics to home life, beauty, maternal and child, fashion and fitness equipment.

8.Lazada

Lazada (Chinese name "Lai Zanda") was established in 2012 and is one of the largest online shopping websites in Southeast Asia. With the support of SamwerBrothers, a German business incubator, Lazada platform has more than 155,000 sellers, including more than 3,000 brand suppliers and 560 million users. The main target markets are six countries in Southeast Asia, namely, Malaysia, Indonesia, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam and the Philippines. Main products: 3C electronics, household goods, toys, fashion clothes, sports equipment, etc. Lazada is called "Amazon in Southeast Asia". The first condition that needs to be met if you want to open a shop in lazada is that the enterprise needs to have a legal business license; Individuals need to use Malaysia’s National Identity Card Number (NRIC).

9.Alibaba.com

"Alibaba International Station" is an export marketing promotion service to help small and medium-sized enterprises expand international trade. Based on the trading platform of Alibaba International Station, the world’s leading inter-enterprise e-commerce website, it shows and promotes suppliers’ enterprises and products to overseas buyers, and then obtains trade opportunities and orders. It is one of the first choice network platforms for export enterprises to expand international trade. To put it simply, Alibaba International Station is mainly engaged in foreign trade, that is, all in English, mainly for export. Which is for the whole world to see. The international station starts with www, and the domestic china starts with Alibaba, which is mainly a Chinese domestic trade station.

10.Newegg

Newegg (newegg, China) was founded in 2001, which is a new generation of professional e-commerce consumer service website based on the famous newegg. Mainly engaged in online sales of 3C products such as computers, consumer electronics and communications. The best-selling categories are automobile supplies, sporting goods and office supplies. It is particularly noteworthy that most consumers are men, but female consumers are also growing rapidly.

11.Souq

Souq.com (the Middle East version of Amazon e-commerce website) was established in 2005, with 6 million users and 10 million unique visitors every month. According to the current situation of the website, Souq has begun to consider expanding other businesses. For example, Souq has established its own logistics system QExpress and payment system PayFort. Moreover, Souq also launched its own brand of tablet computers. Souq.com, Cobone.com and Sukar.com are the three largest local e-commerce websites in the Middle East.

Related recommendations:What are the cross-border e-commerce platforms? Cross-border e-commerce export platform ranking

Special feature of 1905 film network After five years, the sequel and the second part of the prequel series will finally meet the mainland audience this Friday. Can’t you wait to go to the cinema to see if the great director ridley scott is body of work? Don’t worry, please enjoy the following trailer first and feel the explosive tension and extreme panic in the film.

　

Although all kinds of alien eggs, face-hugging insects and chest-broken people are "beautiful" to the extreme,Although the "wrinkled version" of the biochemical man played by "Shark of Law" is so handsome that he has no friends, what makes me hold my breath most is the paragraph at the beginning of the trailer.

　

Karin, the crew member, brought her infected companions back to the Contract, and Farris, who stayed on the ship, put them in the medical warehouse to ensure the safety of the ship. For the life of more than 20 people on the whole ship, whether to sacrifice Karin or not, Farris outside the door is suffering. If you walk into the cinema, you will see that Farris failed to bear the pain of conscience and opened the door, but nearly half of the crew were killed by aliens.

　

Similar choices are common in science fiction films and disaster films, such as the one released not long ago.Do you want to rescue the microbiologist Hugh from the laboratory? Do you watch the engineer played by Ryan Reynolds implode by the alien Mars? In order to prevent the monster from returning to the space station, the commander chooses to sacrifice himself, and the medical officer played by Jake Gyllenhaal chooses to die with it in order to keep the monster away from the earth.

In order to protect most people, should we sacrifice the lives of a few people and control the losses to a minimum?

The iron man in the movie sent the nuclear bomb out of the earth alone for the benefit of all mankind. This great personal heroism is really admirable.But if you’re on the boat full of explosives tied by clowns, can you press that button and trade the life of another criminal for your own life? Similarly, in the first season of "Qi Pa Shuo", the debate on whether to "blow up Jia Ling". Cai Kangyong gave up his sponsor for the first time, because 63 of the 100 spectators chose to sacrifice Jia Ling to save the other 116 people.

Having said that, you may have understood the theme we are going to discuss today, that is, the famous thought experiment — —"tram puzzle" (also known as tram paradox).

　

A madman tied five innocent people to the tram track, and a runaway tram was coming towards them. You can pull the switch and let the tram go to another track, but the madman tied a man to the other track. Considering the above situation, will you pull the switch?

I believe that most people will choose to pull, because if we have to make a choice, it is definitely better to sacrifice one person than five.

　

If we change the situation, the runaway tram rushes towards five innocent people, but there is no switch and no second track. When you pass by the bridge and see this scene, the only way to stop the tram is to push the fat man next to you off the bridge (we don’t discriminate against fat people, blame the philosopher Judith Tom), let him get stuck in the track and stop the tram. If you can do it, use the fat man’s life to save five other people.

In this situation, I believe that most people can’t get off the bridge. It is the same as saving five lives with one life. Why can’t we accept the second situation? What is the difference between it and the first situation?

Is it because in the second situation, Mr. Fat was pushed down by ourselves, while in the first situation, we just pulled the switch and didn’t personally kill the poor man tied to the track?

So if Mr. Fat stands on a trap door and you control his fate through a mechanism similar to a switch, can you easily pull down the switch?

You think the situation we gave is too extreme. If in real life, there must be a solution to kill two birds with one stone. Just like in "The Dark Knight", passengers on both ships didn’t press the button, but there was no explosion.

Indeed, the "tram puzzle" was put forward by the British philosopher Filipa Foote in the 1960s, which was used to explore the dilemma in the field of ethics (also called moral philosophy). Later, it was extended by the American philosopher Judith Tom and appeared in several versions.

But coincidentally, in Los Angeles in 2013, the "tram problem" actually came true. It is incredible that even the numbers are exactly the same:In the face of the runaway tram, Ms. Jones pulled the switch in order to save five lives, but it caused the death of Mr. Farley on another track, so Ms. Jones was sued in court. So do you still think that the "tram problem" is just a thought experiment? Is Ms Jones guilty or innocent?

Let’s go back to the question of "the tram and the fat man". What makes us willing to sacrifice one person to save five people in the first situation, but unwilling to sacrifice Mr. Fat to save those five people in the second situation?

Because when pulling the switch, we didn’t mean to kill that person. He was the result that we had to accept in order to save most people, but Mr. Fat was deliberately pushed off the bridge by us, and he became a tool for us to save people.

This involvesSt. Thomas Aquinas’s "double effect principle" means that while hoping to get good results, it is often impossible to avoid bad results, that is, "collateral damage".For example, bombing the enemy’s military fortress can quickly end the war and avoid the loss of lives on a larger scale, but bombing often comes with the death of innocent civilians around, but this has to be accepted.

The person in the first situation is to save the collateral damage of five lives, but the "double effect principle" does not apply to the second situation, because Mr. Pang’s death is not necessary to accept, and he is regarded as a tool for us to achieve our goals. This kind of instrumentalization of human beings is unacceptable to morality in any case, even if five lives are lost. Because of moral requirements,Bad effects should not be used as a tool to achieve good results..

Why can’t humans be used as tools? This involves two schools of thought in the field of ethics — —"effect theory" and "obligation theory".

Bentham, a utilitarian philosopher.

Effect theory, also known as utilitarianism, is represented by British philosophers Bentham and Mill, who believe thatThe moral value of behavior is only measured by the result of behavior.To put it simply, if an action can maximize the well-being and minimize the harm of the people concerned, it should be done. As most of us hold, the idea that "one death is better than five deaths" comes from the benefit theory.

Although the benefit theory is widely accepted by most people, it cannot be a universal value, because it often means the tyranny of the majority over the minority. For example, in 1884, the "Queen of England v. Dudley and Stephens" shocked the world:

An English cruise ship, Margaret, was shipwrecked, and four crew members escaped to the life raft. After 19 days of suffering without water and food, 18-year-old Parker couldn’t help drinking seawater and became unconscious. The other three crew members took the opportunity to kill him and survived on his blood and meat until the 24th day before being rescued. After returning to England, they were tried for murder.

This kind of cannibalism for survival is definitely unacceptable to morality, so the "deontology" represented by Kant emphasizes that,The moral value of behavior lies not only in its result, but also in the behavior itself.. That is to say, no matter how much goodness can be produced, killing, torture, stealing and other acts are unconditionally wrong, and their value cannot be enhanced through the calculation of costs and benefits. This has safeguarded our human dignity,Prevent our interests or lives from being sacrificed because of the public interest..

Philosopher Kant

The "deontology" has also been implemented in law. For example, the laws of many countries expressly stipulate that evidence obtained by improper means cannot be used as evidence in court. For example, the testimony obtained by extorting a confession by torture, even if it is correct, cannot be used as evidence to convict the defendant.

Therefore, according to the principle of "deontology", the above-mentioned Ms. Jones in Los Angeles, although heroically saved five people, was found guilty by the court, although it was a virtual sentence of three reprieves. Because the judge thinks that Ms. Jones has no right to decide the life and death of others instead of God, and she has no right to deprive Mr. Farley of his right to live.

If this is the case, what should we do in a similar situation, and what is the right and moral way to do it? Should we just stand by and watch?

Let’s consider this situation. Suppose you plan to drown your brother who shares the inheritance with you in the swimming pool, but when you come to his house, you find that he has a sudden heart attack in the swimming pool, so you let him drown slowly.The result is the same as you planned, but obviously you are less condemned legally and morally. Why?Because killing is worse than letting people die, because killing must also include letting people die.

But this does not mean that it is right to let anyone die. In the face of five lives in orbit, our inaction will also receive moral condemnation and legal sanctions. What if it’s yourself or your relatives and friends on the track? Can you really do nothing?

In fact, up to now, the "tram problem" is still unsolved, but this does not mean that this thought experiment is meaningless, because it always reminds us to be alert to "utilitarianism" and always remember that people are the end, not the means, just as Kant said: "No matter when you act, you should not only regard yourself as an end, but also the qualifications of others as human beings, and never use them just as a means."

References:

Thomas cathcart’s Tram Problem

Yves Bossart, If there is no today, will there be yesterday tomorrow? 》

Michael Sandel, Harvard Open Class — — Fairness and Justice "

　　The reason remains to be investigated! An explosion occurred near a chemical plant in Zhangjiakou, killing 23 people and injuring 22 others.

　　In the early morning of November 28th, an explosion occurred near Shenghua Chemical Co., Ltd., Dacanggai Town, Qiaodong District, Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province. At present, the accident has caused 23 deaths and 22 injuries. The injured have been taken to the hospital for treatment, and there is no open fire at the scene. The explosion of chemical substances has a chain reaction, and the specific reasons are to be investigated.

　　Zero tolerance for crimes against minors! Four criminals were executed.

　　On November 28th, according to the execution order issued by Dean the Supreme People’s Court, four criminals, Chen Yuzhang, Pan Yonggui, Xu Chuanyun and Yang Shengsong, were executed according to law.

　　Among them, Chen Yuzhang, a criminal, sexually assaulted female students by taking advantage of his teacher status and convenient conditions. More than ten female students were killed, and most of them were young girls. Many of them were raped many times, and some even dozens of times. The murdered girl was devastated physically and mentally.

　　Xiao Bian believes that minors are the future of social development and a special vulnerable group. The problem of committing crimes against minors is becoming more and more prominent, and such problems have attracted more and more attention. The protection of minors requires the joint efforts of the state and all levels of society to improve the relevant legal system and severely crack down on criminals.

　　The results of the special inspection of the network car are announced: Didi Company has seven major problems

　　On November 28th, the Ministry of Transport held a media briefing on the joint safety special inspection of the network car ride, and reported the results of the safety special inspection of the network car platform some time ago. Didi Company mainly has seven major problems: First, there are major safety hazards in the ride products; Second, the implementation of the main responsibility of safety production is not in place; Third, the problem of illegal operation of the network car is outstanding; Fourth, the foundation of emergency management is weak and the efficiency is low; Fifth, the risk of social stability is outstanding; Sixth, there is a big problem of hidden dangers in public safety; Seventh, there are potential risks in Internet information security.

　　It will be implemented in December! This new regulation stipulates that the maximum prize can be 600 thousand

　　The Office of the National Working Group on Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications, the Ministry of Finance, the State Press and Publication Administration and the State Copyright Administration jointly revised and issued the new Measures for Rewarding Reports on Combating Pornography and Illegal Publications, which will come into effect on December 1.

　　The method specifies 11 kinds of reward standards for reporting meritorious personnel in detail, and improves the relevant reward standards. If you report illegal publishing activities, the maximum reward can reach 600 thousand yuan; The maximum reward for reporting online information and applications that endanger minors’ physical and mental health and social morality can reach 50,000 yuan.

　　He Jiankui appeared at the Gene Editing Summit and said that the school was completely unaware of it.

　　On November 28th, He Jiankui, a China scholar who was controversial because of the news that "genetically edited baby was born in China", appeared at the second international summit on human gene editing, and participated in the speech and discussion on the theme of "human embryo gene editing".

　　It said at the scene, "My university doesn’t know my experiment at all". Xu Nanping, Vice Minister of Science and Technology, said, "This time ‘ Gene editing baby ’ If it is confirmed that it has been born, it will be dealt with in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations of China. "He Jiankui did not respond in his speech.

　　463.6 million! Su Dongpo’s only hand-painted painting has been displaced overseas for more than 80 years and returned home at the end of the year.

　　On the evening of November 26th, in the special performance of "Extraordinary-One Thousand Years of Aesthetics in Song Dynasty" in Christie’s Hong Kong, with the crisp sound of the auctioneer’s hammer dropping, he was exiled overseas for more than 80 years, and it was determined that Su Dongpo’s only handwritten painting of Su Dongpo’s "Dead Wood and Bamboo Stone Map" (also known as "Wood and Stone Map") was sold for 463.6 million Hong Kong dollars (including commission). This painting is precious because Su Dongpo has more words than paintings. The response from Christie’s said that the buyer came from the institutional collection in Greater China, "so it must be returned to Chinese." This is also the last 40 years, following the handwritten scroll of Yan Shan Ming written by Mi Fei in Song Dynasty, the three bronze statues of the bull’s head, tiger’s head and monkey’s head in Yuanmingyuan, the map of the Five Cows written by Han Lian in Tang Dynasty and the tiger’s figure in Warring States Period, another top national treasure has returned, and the cultural relics circle in China is once again boiling for it.

　　Drugs, the "most beautiful" 43-year-old singer Chen Mou was arrested for taking drugs and illegally possessing drugs.

　　According to the news, on November 26, 2018, Beijing Shijingshan Public Security Bureau arrested two drug-related offenders, Chen Mou (male, 43 years old, singer) and He Moumou (female, 25 years old, unemployed), and seized 7.96 grams of ice and 2.14 grams of marijuana at the scene. After urine test, Chen Mou was positive for methamphetamine and cannabis, and He Moumou was positive for cannabis. At present, Chen Mou is in administrative detention for taking drugs and illegally possessing drugs, and He Moumou is in administrative detention for taking drugs. The case is under further work.

　　Although the master issued a rumor statement, the face hit came too fast, and the internet speed was faster, which could not keep up with the hand speed of the majority of netizens! Please wait for further investigation by the police.

　　The author of The Lord of the Rings was also labeled as "racist" because he discriminated against orcs.

　　According to foreign media, a report on the website of "Russia Today" (RT) on November 28th told readers that the author Tolkien was "on the stand": some people said that he was a "racist" because of "discriminating against orcs".

　　The Russian media put it this way: In 2018, when everything was racist, an American science fiction writer accused Tolkien of portraying the characters in The Lord of the Rings. The American writer compares the image of the orcs in The Lord of the Rings with the real immigrants and refugees, saying that "they are just misunderstood".

　　For three years, I only ate fried chicken, hamburgers, barbecues and cokes almost every day. The blood of a 17-year-old girl turned pink.

　　"I will never eat junk food again." Yesterday (November 27th), a 17-year-old girl named Xiao Qian was lying in the intensive care unit and regretted it. For more than three years, she ate hamburgers, fried chicken and barbecues almost every day, only drinking cola instead of water. Unexpectedly, she was sent to the hospital with sudden abdominal pain, and the blood drawn was rare pink, which solidified instantly and could not be recognized by the instrument. In the past few days, the medical staff of Hanyang Hospital rescued her urgently and "cleaned up" 8,000 ml of white "fat liquid" from her blood for three consecutive days, only to save her life.

　　The doctor said that Xiaoqian himself suffers from familial predisposition diabetes, coupled with a long-term intake of high-calorie and high-sugar "junk diet", which leads to excessive accumulation of fat in the blood and the blood turns pink. The "off the charts" of blood lipid concentration leads to a serious disorder of metabolism in Xiao Qian’s body, and various organs sound a "critical alarm".

　　Cctv news(Reporter Zhang Ke): On February 18th, National Medical Products Administration issued an announcement in official website to revise the instructions of Liuwei Dihuang preparation. The announcement pointed out that according to the response evaluation results of adverse drug reactions, in order to further ensure the public’s drug safety, the instructions [Adverse Reactions] [Taboos] and [Precautions] of Liuwei Dihuang preparations (including pills, capsules, tablets, mixtures, decoctions and granules) were uniformly revised.

　　The instructions of Liuwei Dihuang preparation are revised for prescription drugs and over-the-counter drugs respectively. It is pointed out in the revision requirements of OTC drug instructions that [adverse reactions] should include: reports of adverse reactions such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, abdominal distension, nausea, vomiting, gastrointestinal discomfort, loss of appetite, constipation, itching, rash, headache, palpitation and allergy. In the modification requirements of items [Taboo] and [Precautions], the drug safety of allergic people is mentioned.

　　As one of the classic prescriptions of traditional Chinese medicine, Liuwei Dihuang Pill is well known to the public for its effects of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney, and was once called "essential tonic for families". How to eat this kind of "tonic", can it be eaten for a long time, and which people should not take it? CCTV reporter interviewed Yang Liping, the chief pharmacist of Beijing Hospital, to answer your questions.

　　The origin of "tonic medicine"

　　Liuwei Dihuang Pill is composed of six kinds of traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Evodiae, Cortex Moutan, Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Poria and Alismatis Rhizoma. It is characterized by "three tonics and three diarrhea" and mainly tonics. Yang Liping explained that the "three tonics" consist of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, Fructus Corni and Rhizoma Dioscoreae to tonify liver yin, spleen yin and kidney yin respectively; "Three diarrhea" consists of three herbs, namely Cortex Moutan, Poria and Alisma orientalis, to purge liver heat, spleen dampness and kidney dampness. Among them, the dosage of tonic is heavier than laxative, so tonic is the main one; Liver, spleen and kidney are supplemented with three yin, and the dosage of Radix Rehmanniae Preparata for tonifying kidney yin is the sum of Cornus officinalis and Dioscorea opposita, so tonifying kidney yin is the main method. Therefore, Liuwei Dihuang Pill mainly has the function of nourishing kidney yin and is suitable for patients with kidney yin deficiency.

　　The prescription of Liuwei Dihuang Pill was formed by Qian Yi in Song Dynasty after subtracting two kinds of drugs from Shenqi Pill written by Zhang Zhongjing, a medical sage in the Eastern Han Dynasty, which changed the original medicine for warming kidney-yang into a medicine for nourishing kidney-yin. Its original intention is to treat children with congenital deficiency and stunted five-delay syndrome, that is, "the kidney is afraid of losing its voice, the mouth is incompatible, the spirit is insufficient, the eyes are white, and the face is white". Since then, Liuwei Dihuang Pill has gradually become the ancestor of nourishing yin and tonifying kidney. Modern physicians mainly use Liuwei Dihuang Pill to treat dizziness, tinnitus, soreness of waist and knees, hot flashes due to bone steaming, night sweats and nocturnal emission, thirst-quenching, tinnitus and deafness, hand and foot fever, dry mouth and throat, tooth shaking, heel pain, dribbling urine, and improper opening of the mouth in children.

　　Improper use or "the more you make up, the more empty you become"

　　Yang Liping said that it is unnecessary for healthy people to take Liuwei Dihuang Pill if they have no obvious symptoms of kidney yin deficiency, and they should not take it for a long time.

　　For people with obvious symptoms of kidney-yang deficiency, symptoms such as soreness and coldness of waist and knees, preference for warmth and fear of cold have already appeared, and it is not recommended to take Liuwei Dihuang Pill to avoid aggravating the condition. Many people regard Liuwei Dihuang Pill as a "secret recipe for tonifying kidney" or use it for daily health care for a long time, which is easy to "replenish more and more deficiency", some symptoms are getting worse and worse, and even gastrointestinal problems may occur.

　　Experts pointed out that if you want to know whether you can use Liuwei Dihuang Pills, you must first judge whether you are yin deficiency. You can first look at your tongue, such as red tongue and frequent dry mouth. See if there are often symptoms such as hot flashes, night sweats, insomnia, dizziness, and soreness of the waist and knees; Conditional can see the pulse, whether the pulse is thin and fast. With these signs and symptoms of kidney yin deficiency, Liuwei Dihuang Pill can be used. Even if it is suitable for eating, you should quit smoking and drinking and eat less irritating food.

　　Liuwei Dihuang Pill should be used with caution in patients with cold.

　　Compared with the previous instructions of Liuwei Dihuang Pill, the description of drug use for patients with cold has been changed from "It is not advisable to take cold medicine during taking medicine" in the original [contraindications] to "Use it with caution for patients with cold" in the [Precautions]. Yang Liping said that according to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, Liuwei Dihuang preparation is too greasy and easy to retain exogenous pathogens, which violates the cold treatment principle of relieving exterior symptoms and dispelling pathogens. The key to cold treatment lies in opening pores, sweating and dissipating heat. However, the function of Liuwei Dihuang preparation is mainly to "harvest", which runs counter to the idea and direction of cold treatment in traditional Chinese medicine.

　　Therefore, people should stop taking Liuwei Dihuang Pill even if they have kidney yin deficiency during the cold stage, and then use it after the symptoms of exogenous diseases are relieved.

　　Who else should not take Liuwei Dihuang Pills? Yang Liping said that Chinese medicine treatment needs syndrome differentiation, and "syndrome differentiation first distinguishes yin and yang". For example, kidney deficiency syndrome can be divided into kidney yin deficiency and kidney yang deficiency. People with kidney-yin deficiency can show symptoms of lack of body fluids, such as dry mouth and mouth, dry skin, soreness of waist and knees, emaciation, hot flashes, red cheekbones, tinnitus, night sweats, red tongue with little coating, and weak and rapid pulse. People with kidney-yang deficiency are afraid of cold, and their hands and feet are cold; Frequent urination, long and clear urine, thin stool, pale and tender tongue, and slow pulse. Symptoms are completely different from kidney yin deficiency, so people with kidney yang deficiency should not take Liuwei Dihuang pills. Because Liuwei Dihuang Pill not only does not tonify kidney-yang, but also consumes kidney-yang, the symptoms of kidney-yang deficiency in patients will be aggravated after use.

　　In addition, people with kidney yin deficiency but poor spleen and stomach function have symptoms such as weakness of spleen and stomach, indigestion, chest tightness, anorexia, abdominal distension in loose stool, thick tongue coating, and excessive phlegm and dampness, and should not take it. Because the rehmannia glutinosa and Cornus officinalis in Liuwei Dihuang Pill are too greasy, it will hinder the digestive function after taking it, and may also aggravate the symptoms of loose stool, so it is not recommended to take it.

　　Also, healthy people don’t need to take it. Although Liuwei Dihuang Pill has the function of tonifying kidney, healthy people who have no obvious symptoms of kidney yin deficiency may not have any side effects in the short term, but long-term use may cause discomfort such as fullness, loose stool and loss of appetite.

　　Finally, note that Liuwei Dihuang Pill cannot be taken with rifampicin. Because Cornus officinalis contains a lot of organic acids, it will increase the toxicity of rifampicin to the kidney. (Proofread by Chen Yanhui)

　　Shenzhen will severely investigate and deal with the behavior that the listing price of second-hand housing of real estate agencies exceeds the transaction reference price.

　　Official website, a real estate agency association in Shenzhen, showed that the Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau issued the Notice on Carrying out Special Inspection on the Application of Reference Price of Second-hand Housing Transactions by Real Estate Brokers on February 23rd (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), demanding that the listed price of second-hand housing transactions by real estate brokers exceed the reference price, so as to guide rational transactions and stabilize market expectations.

　　At the same time, in order to implement the deployment of the Shenzhen Municipal Government’s real estate regulation and control work, implement the requirements of the Notice of Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau on Establishing the Release Mechanism of Second-hand Housing Transaction Reference Price (Shenjian Real Estate [2021] No.2), do a good job in the management of the listed price of second-hand housing in real estate brokerage institutions, and further standardize the professional behavior of relevant personnel, we have formulated the Work Plan for Special Inspection of the Application of Second-hand Housing Transaction Reference Price in real estate brokerage institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Work Plan).

　　The "Work Plan" mentioned that through special inspection actions, we will severely investigate and deal with the behavior that the listed price of second-hand housing of real estate agencies exceeds the transaction reference price, guide rational transactions, stabilize market expectations, and promote the stable and healthy development of Shenzhen real estate market.

　　The contents of this special inspection mainly include: whether the listed price of second-hand housing released by real estate brokers in stores, websites and related online platforms exceeds the reference price of second-hand housing transactions; At the same time, whether the price of second-hand housing released by real estate brokers through online platforms such as WeChat and QQ exceeds the reference price of second-hand housing transactions.

　　According to the division of labor, Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau is mainly responsible for formulating the special inspection work plan; Guide, supervise and inspect the housing construction bureaus in all districts to carry out the special inspection of the reference price of second-hand housing transactions.

　　The housing construction bureaus of all districts in Shenzhen specifically organize the implementation of special inspections within their respective jurisdictions; Joint intermediary association to carry out inspections; If violations of laws and regulations are found in the inspection process or through other means, the investigation and evidence collection and identification audit work shall be done in a timely manner; Punish real estate brokerage institutions and brokers suspected of violating laws and regulations according to relevant regulations; Establish a regular reporting system, and timely summarize and report the progress of special work.

　　The Shenzhen Real Estate Agency Association carries out education and training and theme publicity activities, requiring real estate agencies and their employees to carry out self-examination and self-correction and remove illegal price information in time; Conduct preliminary investigation and evidence collection on the illegal acts found, and timely hand them over to the housing construction bureaus of all districts for handling; Cooperate with district housing construction bureaus to carry out daily inspections.

　　The Action Plan shows that from February 23 to February 26, 2021, all real estate agencies and brokers are required to carry out comprehensive self-examination and self-correction, while real estate agency associations carry out training, requiring all real estate agencies and brokers to strictly implement the reference price of second-hand housing transactions. From February 27 to March 26, 2021, widely collect complaints and reports from the masses that the listed price of second-hand housing of real estate agencies exceeded the transaction reference price; Sorting out complaints and reports; It is necessary to immediately investigate, deal with and give timely feedback on violations of laws and regulations.

　　Prior to this, the Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau issued three announcements in succession on February 8, announcing the establishment of a release mechanism for the reference price of second-hand housing transactions, and released the reference price of second-hand housing transactions in 3,595 residential quarters in the city for the first time. However, the reference price is generally low, almost equivalent to 30% off the market price.

　　According to public media reports, up to now, many branches in Shenzhen, such as China Everbright Bank, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications and Bank of Beijing, have expressed their views, and loans have been issued according to the official reference price of second-hand housing transactions in Shenzhen.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law

(Adopted at the Second Session of the 14th the NPC Standing Committee on April 26th, 2023)

　　catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevent and control ecological risks, ensure ecological security, build a highland of national ecological civilization, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to activities related to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Where there are no provisions in this law, the provisions of other relevant laws shall apply.

　　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as mentioned in this Law refers to all administrative regions of Xizang Autonomous Region and Qinghai provinces and relevant county-level administrative regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Yunnan Province.

　　Article 3 The ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall respect, conform to and protect nature. Adhere to ecological protection first, natural restoration first, and keep the natural ecological security boundary; Adhere to overall coordination, classified policies, scientific prevention and control, and systematic governance.

　　Article 4 The State shall establish a coordination mechanism for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make overall guidance and comprehensive coordination for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, review major policies, major plans and major projects for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, coordinate major issues across regions and departments, and supervise and inspect the implementation of relevant important work.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

　　Article 5 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall implement the responsibilities of ecological protection and restoration, prevention and control of ecological risks, optimization of industrial structure and layout, and maintenance of ecological security on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Relevant places on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen cooperation in the formulation of local regulations and local government rules, planning, supervision and law enforcement as needed, and jointly promote ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 6 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall incorporate the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into the national economic and social development plan.

　　According to the division of responsibilities, the relevant departments of the State Council organize the preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the implementation of major ecological restoration projects, and promote the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, organize the implementation of relevant special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in their respective administrative areas. The preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be scientifically demonstrated and evaluated.

　　Article 7 The State shall strengthen the investigation on the natural resources and ecological environment of the land, forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts, wild animals and plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, carry out the evaluation on the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment and the suitability of national space development, improve the monitoring network system of ecological environment, natural resources, biodiversity, hydrology, meteorology, geology, soil and water conservation and natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and promote comprehensive monitoring, collaborative monitoring and normalization monitoring. Investigation, evaluation and monitoring information shall be shared in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 8 The State encourages and supports scientific investigation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strengthens research on major scientific and technological issues and major scientific and technological infrastructure construction in the fields of climate change, biodiversity, ecological protection and restoration, hydrology and water resources, snow mountain glacier frozen soil, soil and water conservation, desertification control, river and lake evolution, geological environment, natural disaster monitoring, early warning and prevention, development, utilization and protection of energy and climate resources, carbon sequestration of ecosystems, etc., and promotes long-term research work to master the ecological background and changes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state makes overall arrangements for the scientific and technological innovation platform for ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increases the training of scientific and technological professionals, makes full use of the scientific investigation and research achievements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, popularizes and applies advanced and applicable technologies, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and gives full play to the supporting role of science and technology in ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 9 Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels shall take effective measures to protect the traditional ecological and cultural heritage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and promote the excellent ecological culture of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the publicity and education of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, spread the concept of ecological civilization, advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, improve the quality of ecological civilization of the whole people, and encourage and support units and individuals to participate in activities related to ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The news media should take various forms to carry out propaganda and reports on ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and supervise the illegal activities by public opinion according to law.

　　Tenth units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Article 11 The state shall make overall plans for the ecological security layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promote the comprehensive management, systematic management and source management of grass, sand and ice in mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes, implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, optimize the ecological security barrier system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with water conservation, biodiversity protection, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and carbon sequestration of ecosystems as its main ecological functions, improve the quality, diversity, stability and sustainability of ecosystems, enhance the supply capacity of ecological products and the service function of ecosystems, and build a national ecological security barrier strategy.

　　Article 12 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize the compilation of the territorial space planning of their respective administrative areas, and shall implement the relevant requirements of the state for the development and protection of the territorial space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make detailed arrangements for the functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology and towns, and make overall plans to delimit cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, the red line of ecological protection and the development boundary of cities and towns. The special planning involving the use of land and space in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be linked with the land and space planning.

　　Thirteenth Qinghai-Tibet Plateau land space development and utilization activities should meet the requirements of land space use control. The conversion of uses in the ecological space of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be conducive to enhancing the ecological functions of forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts and other ecosystems.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the supervision and management of human activities within the red line of ecological protection and regularly evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection.

　　Article 14 The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the ecological environment and the utilization of resources in their respective administrative areas, and in accordance with the requirements of the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality and the on-line utilization of resources, strictly formulate the ecological environment zoning control plan and the ecological environment access list, and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record before implementation. Eco-environmental zoning control scheme and eco-environmental access list should be connected with national land spatial planning.

　　Article 15 The state strengthens the protection of forests, alpine meadows, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, plateau permafrost, deserts, spring areas and other ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Consolidate and upgrade the ecological function areas of grassland meadow wetland in Sanjiangyuan (the birthplace of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River), Zoige grassland wetland ecological function area, Gannan Yellow River important water supply ecological function area, Qilian Mountain glacier and water conservation ecological function area, Altun grassland desertification control ecological function area, Sichuan-Yunnan forest and biodiversity ecological function area, forest ecological function area on the edge of southeast Tibet Plateau, Qiangtang Plateau desert ecological function area in northwest Tibet, Ecological functions of national key ecological function area, such as water conservation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, etc.

　　Article 16 The State supports the construction of a nature reserve system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. People’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have set up national parks, nature reserves, natural parks and other nature reserves in the complete distribution areas of important typical ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, sensitive areas of ecological environment, natural concentrated distribution areas of rare, endangered or endemic wild animals and plants, important habitats, important natural relics and important natural landscapes, and promoted the construction of nature reserves such as Sanjiangyuan, Qilian Mountain, Qiangtang, Mount Everest, Gaoligongshan and Gongga Mountain to maintain important natural ecosystems.

　　Article 17 The industrial structure and layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be compatible with the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, resources and environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the requirements of national spatial planning, adjust the industrial structure, optimize the layout of productive forces, give priority to the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly industries, moderately develop eco-tourism, characteristic culture, characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry, ethnic handicrafts and other regional characteristic eco-industries, and establish and improve a green, low-carbon and circular economy system.

　　The construction and expansion of industrial projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the functional orientation of the regional main body and the requirements of the national industrial policy, and strictly implement the provisions on natural resource development, industrial access and exit.

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Article 18 The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, adheres to the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, sand and ice, and implements the systematic management of giving priority to natural restoration and combining natural restoration with artificial restoration.

　　Article 19 The relevant departments and local people’s governments in the State Council shall strengthen the ecological protection and restoration work in the Three Rivers source area, systematically protect and classify the national parks established according to law, scientifically adopt measures such as grazing prohibition and enclosure, intensify the control of degraded grasslands, degraded wetlands, desertified land and soil erosion, and comprehensively rectify severely degraded land; All kinds of resource development and utilization activities that destroy ecological functions or do not meet the requirements of differentiated management and control are strictly prohibited.

　　Article 20 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the protection system of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and strengthen the monitoring, early warning and systematic protection of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should include large-scale ice cap glaciers and small-scale glaciers in the red line of ecological protection, implement closed protection for important snow-capped glaciers, and take effective measures to strictly control human disturbance.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall delimit the scope of protection of permafrost regions, strengthen the protection of permafrost regions and mid-deep seasonal permafrost regions, strictly control the development of resources in permafrost regions, and strictly examine and approve major engineering projects such as town planning, transportation, pipelines and power transmission and transformation in permafrost regions.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out the coordinated protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and the surrounding ecosystems, and maintain the natural ecological environment conducive to the protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil.

　　Article 21 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the management and protection system for rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the system of long rivers and lakes, and increase the protection of key rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, and key lakes such as Qinghai Lake, Zhaling Lake, Ering Lake, Selinchuo, Namco, Yangzhuo Yongcuo and Mapang Yongcuo.

　　The management scope of rivers and lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be scientifically delineated and promulgated by the relevant local people’s governments at or above the county level according to law. It is forbidden to illegally use or occupy rivers, lakes and coastlines on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 22 The development and utilization of water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the comprehensive planning of river basins, adhere to scientific development and rational utilization, coordinate all kinds of water demand, give consideration to the interests of upstream and downstream, main tributaries and left and right banks, give full play to the comprehensive benefits of water resources, and ensure water safety and ecological safety.

　　Article 23 The state strictly protects natural grasslands in important ecological locations such as the source of great rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and classifies grasslands that play the most basic and important role in safeguarding national ecological security and ensuring the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry as basic grasslands according to law. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the protection of grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implement stricter protection and management of basic grasslands, and ensure that the area is not reduced, the quality is not degraded, and the use is not changed.

　　The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of alpine meadows and grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should optimize the construction of grassland fences, take effective measures to protect the original vegetation of grasslands, scientifically promote the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, and implement comprehensive management of degraded grasslands such as black soil beaches.

　　Article 24 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall coordinate the grassland ecological protection and the development of animal husbandry in an overall way, and, in light of the local actual conditions, regularly check the carrying capacity of grasslands, implement the balance between grass and livestock, scientifically delimit grazing prohibition areas, and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Grassland severely degraded, desertified, salinized and rocky desertification and grassland in ecologically fragile areas shall be prohibited from grazing and closed for grazing.

　　Grassland contractors shall make rational use of grasslands and shall not exceed the approved livestock carrying capacity of grasslands; Measures such as planting and storing forage, increasing forage supply, adjusting livestock and optimizing herd structure are taken to keep the balance between forage and livestock.

　　Article 25 The state comprehensively strengthens the protection of natural forests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strictly restricts the cutting of natural forests, strengthens the protection of native zonal vegetation, optimizes the structure of forest ecosystem, and improves the shelter forest system in important river basins. The people’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall demarcate public welfare forests in important ecological areas and ecologically fragile areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law and implement strict management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments should scientifically implement land greening, adjust measures to local conditions, rationally allocate arbor, shrub and grass vegetation, give priority to the use of native tree species and grass seeds, improve the quality of greening, and strengthen pest control and forest and grassland fire prevention.

　　Article 26 The State strengthens the protection and restoration of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, enhances the ecological functions of wetlands such as water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity protection, and enhances the carbon sequestration capacity of wetlands.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the coordination of wetland protection, take effective measures, implement the requirements of the total wetland area control target, optimize the spatial layout of wetland protection, strengthen the overall protection of river sources, upper and middle reaches and peat swamp wetlands, and comprehensively rectify and restore wetlands with serious ecological degradation.

　　It is forbidden to exploit peat in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige. It is forbidden to open (enclose) reclamation, drain natural wetlands and other acts that destroy wetlands and their ecological functions.

　　Article 27 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall implement the strictest farmland protection system, take effective measures to improve the basic fertility of cultivated land, enhance the ecological function of cultivated land, and protect and improve the ecological environment of cultivated land; Encourage and support agricultural producers and operators to adopt the methods of combination of cultivation and utilization, saline-alkali land improvement, ecological cycle and comprehensive utilization of wastes, scientifically utilize cultivated land, popularize the use of green and efficient agricultural production technologies, strictly control the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and scientifically dispose of agricultural wastes such as agricultural films and crop straws.

　　Article 28 The competent departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture and rural areas of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, conduct a survey of wildlife species, put forward opinions on implementing protection measures according to the survey, improve the relevant directory system, and strengthen the protection of important habitats of wildlife, migration routes and original habitats of wild plants. Key protection will be given to wild yak, Tibetan antelope, Przewalski’s gazelle, snow leopard, giant panda, Gaoligong white-browed gibbon, black-necked crane, Hucho taiwanensis, yellow river fish with bony lips, black-spotted pheasant, flat-nosed fish, naked carp and Rhodiola crenulata, Cyperaceae in Tibet, snow rabbit and other rare and endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state supports the development of wild animal rescue and breeding bases and the construction of botanical gardens and plateau biological germplasm resources banks, and strengthens the rescue and ex-situ protection of rare, endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize relevant units and individuals to actively carry out comprehensive prevention and control of wildlife damage. If wildlife causes casualties or losses to livestock, crops or other property, compensation shall be given according to law.

　　Article 29 The State strengthens the protection of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements major projects for biodiversity protection, and prevents the destruction of biodiversity.

　　Relevant departments in the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to establish and improve ecological corridors and enhance the integrity and connectivity of ecosystems.

　　Article 30 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their departments in charge of forestry and grassland shall take measures such as the closure and protection of desertified land, the protection and restoration of vegetation, and strengthen the ecological protection of desert and the comprehensive management of desertified land.

　　Article 31 The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take measures such as closed cultivation, rotational grazing, and resettlement, and implement key control projects such as plateau mountains, farmland sand belt, river bank belt, and ecological protection belt to enhance the function of soil and water conservation.

　　Article 32 The water administrative department of the State Council and the people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take effective measures to strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion in the headwaters of the three rivers, the Heihe River Basin of Qilian Mountain, the upper reaches of Jinsha River and Minjiang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the areas where the Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River are in parallel, as well as the key prevention areas and control areas of soil erosion, and the valley areas with relatively dense population.

　　It is forbidden to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is really necessary to build because of the national development strategy and the national economy and people’s livelihood, it should be scientifically demonstrated, and the examination and approval procedures should be handled according to law, and the disturbance scope should be strictly controlled.

　　Article 33 The establishment of exploration rights and mining rights on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the requirements of national spatial planning and mineral resources planning. It is prohibited by law to engage in sand mining and mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in the nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River.

　　Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the prospecting and mining rights holders shall adopt advanced and applicable technologies, equipment and products, and choose environmentally friendly and safe exploration and mining technologies and methods to avoid or reduce the damage to mineral resources and ecological environment; It is forbidden to use technologies, equipment and products that have been explicitly eliminated by the state. Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in eco-environment sensitive areas shall comply with relevant control requirements and take protective measures such as avoidance, mitigation and timely restoration and reconstruction to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　Article 34 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take measures such as eliminating hidden dangers of geological disasters, land reclamation, vegetation restoration and pollution prevention and control according to local conditions, speed up the ecological restoration of mines left over from history, strengthen the supervision and management of mines under construction and operation, and urge mining rights holders to fulfill their responsibilities of mine pollution prevention and ecological restoration according to law.

　　Mining mineral resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should scientifically compile the mining plan of mineral resources and the ecological restoration plan of mining areas. New mines shall be planned, designed, constructed and operated in strict accordance with the standards for green mine construction. Production mines should implement green upgrading, strengthen the operation and management of tailings ponds, and prevent and resolve environmental and safety risks.

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Article 35 The State shall establish and improve the ecological risk prevention and control system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, take effective measures to improve the ability and level of ecological risk prevention and control such as natural disaster prevention and climate change response, and ensure the ecological security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 36 The State shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters such as earthquakes, avalanches, ice collapses, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, glacial lake bursts, frozen soil melting, forest and grassland fires, heavy rains (snows), droughts, etc.

　　When engineering construction is carried out in areas prone to geological disasters, the risk assessment of geological disasters shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, and measures such as project management or relocation and avoidance shall be taken in time.

　　Article 37 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the comprehensive management of natural disasters, raise the standards of natural disaster prevention projects such as earthquakes, mountain torrents, glacial lake bursts and geological disasters, and establish natural disaster prevention projects and non-engineering systems that are compatible with the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Construction and operation units of infrastructure projects such as transportation, water conservancy, electric power, municipal administration and border crossings shall undertake the obligation of prevention and control of natural disasters according to law, take comprehensive control measures, strengthen the prevention and control of natural disasters during project construction and operation, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　Article 38 If major engineering construction may cause ecological and geological environmental impacts, the construction unit shall, according to the conditions of sensitive and fragile areas along the engineering line, formulate ecological and geological environmental monitoring programs along the line and carry out full-life cycle monitoring of ecological and geological environmental impacts, including background monitoring before the project starts, ecological and geological environmental impact monitoring during the engineering construction, and follow-up monitoring of ecological and geological environmental changes and protection and restoration during the engineering operation period.

　　Major projects should avoid important habitats of wild animals, migration routes and natural concentrated distribution areas of national key protected wild plants; If it is impossible to avoid it, measures such as building wildlife passages and ex situ conservation should be taken to avoid or reduce the impact on natural ecosystems and wildlife.

　　Thirty-ninth local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the protection and management of the germplasm resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the investigation and collection of the germplasm resources, and improve the relevant resources protection facilities and databases.

　　It is forbidden to collect or cut natural germplasm resources under special state protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is necessary to collect or cut for scientific research, pest control, natural disaster prevention, etc., approval shall be obtained according to law.

　　Article 40 The relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, make overall plans to promote the prevention and control of alien invasive species in the region, implement the management of examination and approval of alien species introduction, strengthen the prevention and control of alien invasive species at ports, and strengthen the investigation, monitoring, early warning, control, evaluation, removal and ecological restoration of alien invasive species.

　　No unit or individual may introduce, release or discard alien species without approval.

　　Article 41 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of climate change and its comprehensive impact, establish a forecasting system for the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem, climate system, water resources, rare and endangered or endemic wildlife, snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and natural disasters, improve the ecological risk reporting and early warning mechanism, and strengthen the assessment of the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of plateau ecosystem.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out monitoring and risk assessment of the impact of melting and degradation of frozen soil in snow-capped mountains on regional ecosystems.

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Article 42 The State shall increase financial investment in ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the central government shall allocate special funds for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevention and control of ecological risks, etc. The investment in the central budget will tilt the infrastructure and basic public service facilities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should increase capital investment and focus on supporting the construction of ecological protection and restoration projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 43 The State shall increase the financial transfer payment, and compensate the areas with important ecological functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and adding ecological and environmental protection expenditure. The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should fully incorporate the areas with important ecological functions into the scope of compensation transfer payment for ecological protection at the provincial level, and promote the combination of ecological protection and improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　By carrying out the unified registration of natural resources, the state explores and determines the ownership of ecological products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improves the management and development mechanism of ecological products, encourages the creation of regional public brands of ecological products with characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and forms a diversified path to realize the value of ecological products.

　　Article 44 The state provides support for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements financial and tax policies conducive to water conservation, energy conservation, soil and water conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and encourages the development of financial products such as green credit, green bonds and green insurance.

　　The state encourages and supports non-profit organizations and social capital to participate in the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to carry out activities such as ecological product development, industrial development, scientific and technological innovation and technical services.

　　Article 45 The state supports the construction of an energy system based on wind power, photovoltaic power generation, hydropower, water and wind complementary power generation, light and heat, geothermal and other clean energy sources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to local conditions, strengthens the construction of clean energy transmission channels, and promotes the green and low-carbon transformation of energy sources.

　　In addition to ensuring residents’ electricity consumption and consolidating border defense needs, it is forbidden to build new small hydropower projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 46 The development of eco-tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should meet the requirements of resource and ecological protection, respect and maintain local traditional culture and customs, and protect and rationally utilize tourism resources.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, scientifically develop eco-tourism products on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, design tourist routes, and reasonably control the number of tourists and the scale of related infrastructure construction.

　　Organizing or participating in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tourism, mountain outdoor sports and other activities shall abide by safety regulations and civilized behavior norms, and meet the requirements of regional eco-tourism and mountain outdoor sports control and norms; It is forbidden to destroy the natural landscape and grassland vegetation, hunt and collect wild animals and plants.

　　Organize or participate in activities such as tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and outdoor sports in mountainous areas, and should take away the garbage generated by themselves or put it in designated places; It is forbidden to dump or scatter domestic garbage at will.

　　Article 47 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, make overall plans to promote the construction of major infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy and energy, and environmental infrastructure such as the collection and treatment of domestic sewage and garbage, strengthen the ecological protection and restoration in cities and neighboring areas, make overall plans for the construction of comprehensive service facilities in urban and rural communities, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.

　　The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to promote the treatment of rural domestic sewage and garbage, promote the renovation of rural sanitary toilets and rural greening, continuously improve the rural living environment, shape the rural landscape, and build an ecologically livable beautiful countryside.

　　Article 48 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, supervise and inspect various activities of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, investigate and deal with illegal acts, disclose relevant information on ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, and improve the procedures for public participation.

　　Units and individuals have the right to report and accuse illegal acts that pollute the environment and destroy the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law.

　　Article 49 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the capacity building of ecological protection supervision and management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the level of science and technology and informatization, establish a law enforcement coordination mechanism, and carry out joint law enforcement for major illegal cases and illegal cases across administrative regions and ecologically sensitive areas according to law.

　　Article 50 The state implements the performance evaluation system of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and includes the improvement of environmental quality, the effectiveness of ecological protection and the supply capacity of ecological products in the index system.

　　Article 51 The State strengthens the construction of judicial guarantee for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and encourages relevant units to provide legal services for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Administrative law enforcement organs, people’s courts and people’s procuratorates at all levels in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the process of investigating and handling illegal acts of ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, or handling compensation litigation and public interest litigation for damage to natural resources and ecological environment, shall transfer criminal clues to organs with investigation and investigation powers.

　　Article 52 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall regularly report to the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by the people’s governments at the corresponding levels.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 53 If the relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments violate the provisions of this Law and commit dereliction of duty, abuse of power and malpractice in performing relevant duties, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning, demerit, gross demerit or demotion according to law; If serious consequences are caused, he shall be dismissed or expelled, and the principal responsible person shall take the blame and resign.

　　Article 54 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations:

　　(a) engaged in resource development and utilization activities in national parks, causing ecological damage;

　　(2) Exploitation of peat or reclamation and drainage of natural wetlands in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige;

　　(three) to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology;

　　(4) Collecting or cutting natural germplasm resources under special state protection;

　　(5) Introducing, releasing or discarding alien species without authorization;

　　(six) the destruction of natural landscape or grassland vegetation;

　　(7) Hunting and collecting wildlife under special state or local protection.

　　Article 55 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses or occupies rivers, lake waters and coastlines of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be ordered by the water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, dismantle it within a time limit and restore it to its original state, and be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan; If it is not removed or restored to its original state within the time limit, it will be forcibly removed or restored to its original state on its behalf, and the expenses required will be borne by the offender.

　　Article 56 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources and ecological environment to make corrections according to the division of responsibilities, and the illegal income and equipment and tools directly used for illegal mining shall be confiscated; Illegal income of more than one hundred thousand yuan, and impose a fine of ten times more than twenty times the illegal income; If the illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed.

　　Article 57 Where a construction unit builds a small hydropower project in violation of the provisions of this Law, it shall be ordered by the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the construction, and shall be ordered to restore the original state according to the illegal circumstances and harmful consequences, and a fine of not less than 1% but not more than 5% shall be imposed on the construction of total investment of the project.

　　Article 58 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, dumps or scatters domestic garbage at will during tourism and outdoor sports in mountainous areas shall be ordered by the competent department of environmental sanitation or the department designated by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and the individual shall be fined from 100 yuan to 500 yuan, and if the circumstances are serious, a fine of from 500 yuan to 10,000 yuan shall be imposed; A fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit.

　　Article 59 If anyone pollutes the environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or destroys the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and causes damage to others, the infringer shall bear the tort liability.

　　In case of damage to the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau caused by violation of state regulations, the organ prescribed by the state or the organization prescribed by law shall have the right to request the infringer to bear the responsibility for repair, compensate the losses and related expenses.

　　Article 60 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a violation of public security administration shall be given administrative penalties for public security according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 61 The relevant county-level administrative regions stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of this Law shall be determined by the departments authorized by the State Council.

　　Article 62 Provinces, autonomous regions, cities divided into districts and autonomous prefectures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may formulate specific measures for ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in light of local conditions.

　　Article 63 This Law shall come into force as of September 1, 2023.

　　I. Basic functions and main work

　　(1) Main functions

　　Sichuan Writers Association is a people’s organization headed by the provincial party committee and entrusted by the propaganda department of the provincial party committee. It is a bridge and link between the provincial party committee and the provincial government and writers and literary workers. It is also an important social force to prosper the socialist literary and artistic undertakings and strengthen the construction of socialist spiritual civilization.

　　(II) Completion of key tasks in 2016

　　1. Literary activities are rich and colorful. First, key literary activities have high specifications and great influence, and successfully held major literary activities such as the 2016 Xichang Qionghai "Silk Road" International Poetry Week; Second, there are many forms and wide participation in activities such as literary collection and creation of works, and more than 40 times of various theme collection activities such as "commemorating the 95 th anniversary of the founding of the Party and the 80 th anniversary of the victory of the Long March" and "taking the Long March Road again" were organized; Third, the literary exchange activities have a wide coverage and a wide field of vision. We have held discussions and interactions with writers from Hubei, Zhejiang, Shanxi, Xizang and other provinces, held the 2016 writing camp for young writers across the Taiwan Strait, and organized many writers from our province to go to South Korea, Taiwan Province, the United States, Russian and other countries for literary exchanges.

　　2. The effectiveness of training has been enhanced. First, hold six classes of business training in a solid manner; The second is to improve the training methods and take the political theory counseling report as the required content; Third, more than 20 people were actively sent to participate in various business trainings, and their business ability was comprehensively improved.

　　3. Carefully organize and hold the eighth provincial representative meeting. Orderly organized more than 400 representatives to hold 20 consecutive meetings, deliberated and adopted work reports and amendments to the articles of association, elected a new leadership of the Writers’ Association, and formulated work plans for the next five years. The meeting was a complete success and was widely praised by all sectors of society.　

　　4. Literary creation is fruitful. First, the "Deep-rooted" activity gave birth to excellent works, invited grass-roots writers to participate in collecting ideas, revising manuscripts and holding symposiums, organized 13 writers’ teams to go to 20 poverty-stricken counties to carry out activities of "Deep-rooted" collecting ideas, literary lectures, donations and other activities to benefit the people, opened a column of "Deep-rooted" works in the newspaper "Three Journals and One Newspaper", and published more than 1,000 outstanding works of "Deep-rooted" in literary newspapers and periodicals at all levels throughout the year. Second, literary awards are frequently reported. According to incomplete statistics, writers in our province won more than 50 national literary awards throughout the year. Third, the number of important domestic journals publishing and highlighting Sichuan writers’ works has increased significantly. In the whole year, the members of writers’ associations at all levels in the province published a total of 485 literary works, with an annual increase of 11.7%; National key literary journals published 65 literary works (first), with an annual increase of 13.2%; The number of reprinted works in selected periodicals of national key literature increased by 23.5% annually. Fourth, the momentum of online literature creation has not diminished. Two online writers were on the list of online writers in the first half of 2016. The number of film and television transformations of online writers’ works in our province increased, and the comprehensive strength of online literature jumped to the third place in the country.

　　5. Literary positions and the construction of literary industrialization have been vigorously promoted. The position of literature continued to be consolidated, Sichuan Literature, Star Poetry, Contemporary Literary World and Sichuan Writers completed the publishing task according to quality and quantity, and the revision of Sichuan Writers’ Network was completed. The film and television transformation of literary works was accelerated. Three major theme scripts of Alai Studio were created simultaneously.

　　6. Literary criticism and literary combing are more pragmatic. Strengthen the research and discussion on the works of local key writers, publish three series of Studies on Contemporary Writers in Sichuan, and organize more than 30 seminars and revision meetings on Sichuan prose, novels and poems. Comprehensively sort out the general situation of the annual literature, complete the compilation of the 2015 Sichuan Literature Annual Report, and publish the "2015 Sichuan Literature Influence Ranking".

　　7. The goal of "precise poverty alleviation" is clear. Around the goal of "getting rid of poverty in 2017", more than 100 leading cadres and workers visited the help points in depth to express their condolences to poor farmers and form a "pair" with 63 poor households. More than 200,000 yuan of funds and materials were raised to renovate the village weir and pond, repair the office buildings of the village committee, build the drinking water project, build the village cultural room and present a batch of books.

　　Second, the department profile

　　Sichuan Writers Association has six secondary budget units, including one administrative unit and five other institutions.

　　Third, the overall situation of revenue and expenditure accounts

　　In 2016, the annual income of the Provincial Writers Association totaled 27.611 million yuan, of which: the financial allocation income was 24.4704 million yuan, accounting for 88.62%; Business income was 2,461,400 yuan, accounting for 8.91%; Other income was 679,900 yuan, accounting for 2.46%. In 2016, the total revenue of this year decreased by 1,802,600 yuan compared with that of 2015, down by 6.13%. The main reason for the change was the decrease of one-time project funds in the financial allocation revenue in 2016, and the decrease of business and other income was due to the decrease of business publications and sponsorship income.

　

　　In 2016, the total expenditure of the Provincial Writers Association this year was 28.2218 million yuan, of which: the basic expenditure was 16.8919 million yuan, accounting for 59.85%; The project expenditure is 11,329,900 yuan, accounting for 40.45%. In 2016, the total expenditure of this year decreased by 2.444 million yuan compared with that of 2015, down by 7.38%. The main reason for the change was that the one-time project activities were reduced in 2016, and the expenditure was also reduced accordingly.

　

　　Iv. final accounts of financial appropriations

　　The total final accounts of the provincial writers association’s 2016 financial appropriation income and expenditure were 24.5095 million yuan. Compared with 2015, the total revenue and expenditure of financial allocation decreased by 2.89 million yuan, down by 11.79%.

　

　　Five, the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　(a) the overall situation of the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　In 2016, the provincial writers association allocated 24,509,500 yuan in general public budget, accounting for 86.85% of the total expenditure this year. Compared with 2015, the financial allocation of the general public budget decreased by 2.89 million yuan, down by 11.79%.

　　(two) the structure of the final accounts of the general public budget.

　　In 2016, the provincial writers’ association allocated 24,509,500 yuan from the general public budget, which was mainly used in the following aspects: education expenditure was 493,300 yuan, accounting for 2.01%; Expenditure on culture, sports and media was 18.2922 million yuan, accounting for 74.63%; Expenditure on social security and employment was 3,055,100 yuan, accounting for 12.46%; Medical and health expenditure was 597,900 yuan, accounting for 2.44%; Expenditure on housing security was 2,071,000 yuan, accounting for 8.45%.

　

　　(three) the specific situation of the general public budget expenditure accounts

　　1. Expenditure (item) on education (category) further education and training (paragraph) training: The final account in 2016 was 493,300 yuan, accounting for 92.87% of the budget. The main reason why the final account was less than the budget was to practise economy, strictly control the cost and pay attention to the efficiency in the use of project funds during training, so we saved money while successfully completing this year’s training plan.

　　2. Administrative operation of culture, sports and media (category) culture (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 4,648,800 yuan, accounting for 99.20% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the daily public expenditure was slightly reduced.

　　3. General administrative affairs (items) of culture, sports and media (category) culture: In 2016, the final accounts were 845,000 yuan, accounting for 89.82% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was the reduction of the operation and maintenance fees and official reception fees for official vehicles.

　　4. Other cultural expenditures (items) for culture, sports and media (category) culture: In 2016, the final accounts were 6,924,400 yuan, accounting for 90.94% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the literary activities of some projects were reduced and the expenditures were reduced accordingly.

　　5. Expenditure on culture, sports and media (category) Other culture, sports and media (item) Special expenditure on publicity and cultural development (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 5,334,900 yuan, accounting for 88.26% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that some special activities were not carried out as originally planned in the implementation process.

　　6. Expenditure on culture, sports and media (category) Other expenditures on culture, sports and media (item) Special expenditures for cultural industry development (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 539,100 yuan, accounting for 21.23% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the project activities were not carried out as originally planned.

　　7. Social security and employment (category) Retirement from administrative institutions (item) Retirement from public institutions (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 85.72 yuan, and the budget was 98.68%. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the retirement fees were not adjusted accurately after the retirees’ wages were uniformly paid by social security.

　　8. Retirement of social security and employment (category) administrative institutions (funds) Retirement of administrative units that are not under centralized management (items): The final accounts for 2016 were 60.25 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　9. Social security and employment (category) Retirement (section) Expenditure of basic old-age insurance for institutions and institutions (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 84.30 yuan, accounting for 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year.

　　10. Social security and employment (category) Retirement (paragraph) Expenditure on occupational annuity payment of government agencies and institutions (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 30.22 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　11. Social security and employment (category) pension (item) death pension (item): The final account in 2016 was 23.15 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　12. Social security and employment (category) Other social security and employment expenditures (item) Other social security and employment expenditures (item): The final accounts in 2016 were 21.87 yuan, accounting for 98.07% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was the death of retirees and the corresponding subsidies were not paid.

　　13. Medical care and family planning (class) medical security (section) Medical care (section) of administrative units: The final account for 2016 was 265,900 yuan, 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year was completed.

　　14. Medical care and family planning (class) medical security (section) Medical care (section) of public institutions: The final accounts in 2016 were 241,300 yuan, accounting for 93.56% of the budget. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that the corresponding expenses were reduced due to the reduction of personnel in the middle of the year.

　　15. Medical care and family planning (category) medical security (item) Medical subsidy for civil servants (item): The final account for 2016 was 90,700 yuan, accounting for 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year.

　　16. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (item) Housing accumulation fund (item): The final account in 2016 was 655,400 yuan, accounting for 100% of the budget at the beginning of the year.

　　17. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (item) Housing subsidy (item): In 2016, the final accounts were 1,415,600 yuan, and the budget was 91.05%. The main reason why the final accounts were less than the budget was that individual personnel could not approve the amount, so they did not pay the housing subsidy.

　　Six, the general public budget financial allocation of basic expenditure accounts

　　In 2016, the provincial writers’ association allocated 13,987,400 yuan in general public budget, including:

　　The personnel expenses are 12,099,300 yuan, mainly including: basic salary, allowances and subsidies, bonuses, performance salary, basic old-age insurance contributions of institutions, occupational annuity contributions, other social security contributions, other salary and welfare expenditures, retirement expenses, pensions, living allowances, medical expenses, bonuses, housing accumulation fund, housing subsidies and other subsidies for individuals and families.

　　The public funds are 1,888,100 yuan, mainly including: office expenses, printing fees, water charges, electricity charges, post and telecommunications fees, travel expenses, maintenance (protection) fees, conference fees, training fees, labor fees, entrusted business fees, trade union funds, welfare fees, other transportation fees, and other goods and services expenditures.

　　Seven, "three public funds" financial allocation expenditure accounts

　　(a) the overall situation of the final accounts of the financial allocation of the "three public funds"

　　In 2016, the final accounts of the "three public" funds allocated by the Provincial Writers Association were 130,200 yuan, accounting for 57.92% of the budget, including: no expenses for going abroad on business; The final accounts of official vehicle purchase and operation and maintenance expenses were 113,100 yuan, accounting for 65% of the budget; The final account of official reception expenses was 17,100 yuan, accounting for 34% of the budget. The main reasons why the final accounts of the "three public" expenditures in 2016 were less than the budget were: the vehicles were in good running condition in 2016 and the maintenance expenditures were reduced; Under the premise of ensuring the normal literary exchange activities, our unit tries to reduce the official reception of literary exchange; The subordinate departments ask for instructions and report by telephone, fax, mail and electronic documents as far as possible, so the official reception expenses are reduced.

　　In 2016, the final accounts of the "three public" funds decreased by 86,800 yuan compared with 2015, a decrease of 40%, of which: there was no expenditure on going abroad (border) in 2015 and 2016; The final accounts of official vehicle purchase and operation and maintenance expenses decreased by 69,500 yuan, down by 38.06%; The final accounts of official reception expenses decreased by 17,300 yuan, down by 50.59%. The main reason for the increase or decrease is that after the implementation of the bus reform, the actual number of vehicles in our unit has decreased by one, so the operation and maintenance costs of official vehicles have decreased. In 2016, the number of receptions and reception standards were strictly controlled, and the number of reception batches and people decreased significantly compared with 2015, so the expenses for official reception have decreased.

　　(two) the "three public funds" financial allocation expenditure accounts specific instructions.

　　In the final accounts of the financial allocation expenditure of the "three public" funds in 2016, there was no final account expenditure for going abroad (border) expenses; The final accounts of official vehicle purchase and operation and maintenance expenses are 113,100 yuan, accounting for 86.87%; The final account of official reception expenses was 17,100 yuan, accounting for 13.13%. The details are as follows:

　　

　

　　1. Going abroad on business (border) funds

　　In 2016, our unit had no expenses for going abroad on business.

　　2. Official car purchase and operation and maintenance fees

　　In 2016, the purchase, operation and maintenance cost of official vehicles was 113,100 yuan. By the end of December 2016, the company had 4 official vehicles, including 3 cars and 1 passenger car. It is mainly used to guarantee the expenses of fuel, maintenance, road and bridge crossing, insurance and other expenses for official vehicles, such as daily public use, literature collection and literature exchange, sending literature to the countryside, accurate poverty alleviation, and "going deep into life and taking root in the people" theme practice activities.

　　3. Official reception fee

　　In 2016, the official reception fee was 17,100 yuan. It is mainly used for transportation expenses and meals for official duties and business activities. There were 14 batches of official receptions with 156 people in China, with a total expenditure of 17,100 yuan. The specific contents included: (1) In February 2016, Southwest University of Science and Technology Writers Association reported the work with an amount of 1,170 yuan; (2) In February 2016, Quxian Poverty Alleviation and Immigration Bureau reported the poverty alleviation work in 2015 and the Spring Festival condolences, amounting to 301 yuan; ⑶. In May 2016, a series of public speaking activities for Mao Dun Prize winners of "Literature China Everyone’s Vision", with the amount of 800 yuan; (4) In June, 2016, the Malaysian Writers’ Group held a literary exchange activity, with an amount of 1111 yuan; 5. In June 2016, the Chinese Writers Association went to Sichuan for a special investigation, amounting to 500 yuan; [6]. In June 2016, the Chinese Writers Association organized writers to go to Sichuan to carry out the theme of "Re-taking the Long March Road" (Red Fourth Army), with an amount of 3,254 yuan; (7) In June, 2016, the Western Literature Summit Forum and the preparatory activities for the annual meeting, with an amount of 1,052 yuan; (8) In June 2016, the Chinese Writers Association held a symposium on deepening the reform of the writers association system in Sichuan, with an amount of 3,000 yuan; ⑼. In July 2016, Korean writers’ literary exchange and visit activities amounted to 1922 yuan; ⑽. In July 2016, China Writers Publishing Group filmed "China Famous Writers Image Library" with an amount of 444 yuan; ⑾. In July 2016, Jiangsu Writers Association went to Sichuan Writers Association to study and exchange activities, with an amount of 286 yuan;⑿. In November 2016, Yunnan Writers Association visited Bajin Exhibition Hall in Sichuan, with an amount of 745 yuan; [13]. In December, 2016, Aba County Writers Association reported the training of ethnic minorities, and Xingwen Writers Association contacted the composition contest and creation base, with an amount of 1,634 yuan; [14]. In December 2016, Dazhou Writers Association reported its work, with an amount of 894 yuan. Among them: 2 batches of foreign affairs reception, 18 people, with a total expenditure of 3033 yuan, mainly used to receive literary exchange activities of Malaysian writers’ groups; Korean writers’ literary exchange visits.

　　Eight, the government fund budget expenditure accounts.

　　In 2016, the Provincial Writers’ Association had no government fund budget.

　　IX. Description of other important matters

　　(a) the operating expenses of the organs

　　In 2016, the operating expenses of the provincial writers association were 1.049 million yuan, an increase of 452,000 yuan or 78.06% over 2015.

　　(B) Government procurement expenditure

　　In 2016, the total government procurement expenditure of the Provincial Writers Association was 407,000 yuan, including 322,000 yuan for government procurement of goods and 84,000 yuan for government procurement of services. Mainly used to ensure the normal operation of vehicles, meetings and daily office needs.

　　(three) the possession and use of state-owned assets

　　As of December 31, 2016, there were 4 public vehicles owned by the Provincial Writers Association, all of which were general official vehicles, with no general equipment with a unit price of more than 500,000 yuan and no special equipment with a unit price of more than 1 million yuan.

　　(IV) Budget performance

　　According to the requirements of budget performance management, this department carried out performance target management for general public budget expenditure in 2016, and compiled 37 performance targets, involving 13,832,600 yuan of financial funds, with a coverage rate of 100%.

　　According to the standard of "2016 departmental expenditure performance evaluation index system", the total score of our unit’s comprehensive indicators at all levels is 99 points. The outstanding problems are: the management of internal control system needs to be strengthened; The progress of budget implementation is uneven, individual projects are not implemented, "emphasizing budget and neglecting management", neglecting the management of budget implementation, insufficient preliminary work, unrealistic budget arrangement, and untimely work.

　　In the future, our unit needs to strengthen the forward-looking budgeting. According to the relevant provisions of the new Budget Law and its implementing regulations, according to the policy provisions and the development plan of this department, combined with the budget implementation in the previous year and the factors of budget revenue and expenditure changes in this year, we need to prepare the budget scientifically and reasonably, so as to avoid the inaccurate division between project expenditure and basic expenditure or the large deviation between budget expenditure and actual implementation. If it is really necessary to adjust the budget during the implementation, it shall be reported for approval according to the prescribed procedures. Efforts should be made to strengthen system construction, improve system and mechanism, improve working methods, improve management performance, and improve the scientific and refined level of departmental budget management. Make departmental expenditure performance more scientific and reasonable, and improve departmental financial management level.

　　X. Explanation of Nouns

　　1. Financial appropriation income: refers to the funds allocated by the provincial finance in the current year.　

　　2. Business income: refers to the income obtained by institutions from professional business activities and auxiliary activities. For example, the publication distribution income of the institutions affiliated to the Provincial Writers Association.

　　3. Other income: refers to income other than the above-mentioned "financial appropriation income", "business income" and "operating income". Mainly refers to interest income, sponsorship income, etc.　

　　4. Making up the balance of payments with public funds: refers to the funds that institutions use the public funds accumulated in previous years (funds drawn by public institutions in accordance with state regulations after making up the balance of payments in the current year) to make up the balance of payments in future years when the financial allocation income, business income, operating income and other income in the current year are insufficient to arrange the expenditures in the current year.　

　　5. Carry-over and balance at the beginning of the year: refers to the funds that have not been completed in the previous year and are carried forward to continue to be used in this year according to relevant regulations.　

　　6. Education (category) further education and training (paragraph) Training expenditure (item): refers to the corresponding training expenses of the training courses organized by the unit.

　　7. Culture, sports and media (category) culture (item) administrative operation (item): refers to the salary of the staff of the institution and the basic expenses required for the normal operation and performance of duties.

　　8. General administrative affairs (items) of culture, sports and media (category) culture: refers to general project expenditures such as property management fees, class II and above conference fees, official vehicle operation and maintenance fees, and official reception fees.

　　9. Culture, sports and media (category) culture (item) Other cultural expenditures (item): refers to the special funds for literary creation of provincial writers’ associations, personnel expenses of subordinate institutions, daily public expenditures, etc.

　　10. Expenditure on culture, sports and media (category) Other culture, sports and media (paragraph) Special expenditure on propaganda and cultural development (item): it mainly refers to the special expenditure on propaganda and cultural development used by the Provincial Writers Association according to regulations.

　　11. Culture, sports and media (category) Other culture, sports and media expenditures (paragraph) Special expenditures for cultural industry development (item): mainly refers to the special expenditures for cultural industry development used by provincial writers’ associations according to regulations.

　　12. Social security and employment (category) Retirement from administrative institutions (paragraph) Retirement from institutions (item): Retirement fee for retirees from institutions affiliated to major provincial writers’ associations.

　　13. Social security and employment (category) Retirement from administrative institutions (paragraph) Retirement from administrative units that are not under centralized management (item): refers to the retirement expenses of retirees from provincial writers’ associations.

　　14. Social security and employment (category) Retirement of administrative institutions (paragraph) Expenditure of basic old-age insurance for institutions (item): refers to the expenditure of old-age insurance premiums actually paid by institutions when they implement the old-age insurance system.

　　15. Social security and employment (category) Retirement of administrative institutions (paragraph) Occupational annuity payment expenditure of government institutions (item): refers to the occupational annuity expenditure actually paid by the institutions when they implement the old-age insurance system.

　　16. Social security and employment (category) pension (item) Death pension (item): refers to the one-time and regular pension and funeral subsidy for the family members of the deceased according to regulations.

　　17. Social security and employment (category) Other social security and employment expenditures (paragraph) Other social security and employment expenditures (item): refers to the difficult subsidies for retirees and living allowances for survivors of institutions and institutions of this unit.

　　18. Medical care and family planning (class) medical security (paragraph) Medical care of administrative units (item): refers to the funds for the payment of basic medical insurance of administrative units arranged by the financial department.

　　19. Medical care and family planning (category) medical security (paragraph) Medical care of public institutions (item): refers to the basic medical insurance payment funds of public institutions arranged centrally by the financial department.

　　20. Medical care and family planning (category) medical security (paragraph) Medicaid for civil servants (item): refers to the Medicaid funds for civil servants arranged by the financial department.

　　21. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (item) Housing accumulation fund (item): refers to the housing accumulation fund paid by administrative institutions for employees according to the basic salary, allowances and subsidies stipulated by Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security and the Ministry of Finance.

　　22. Housing security (category) Housing reform expenditure (paragraph) Housing purchase subsidy (item): refers to the subsidy paid by administrative institutions to eligible employees (including retirees) for housing purchase according to the housing reform policy.

　　23. Balance distribution: refers to the employee welfare fund, institution fund and income tax paid by institutions according to regulations, as well as the balance funds of capital construction projects that should be returned by the construction unit according to regulations.

　　24. End-of-year carry-over and balance: refers to the funds arranged in the budget of this year or previous years, which cannot be implemented according to the original plan due to changes in objective conditions, and need to be postponed to future years to continue to use according to relevant regulations.

　　25. Basic expenditure: refers to personnel expenditure and public expenditure incurred to ensure the normal operation of institutions and complete daily tasks.

　　26. Project expenditure: refers to the expenditure incurred to complete specific administrative tasks and career development goals in addition to basic expenditure.　

　　27. "Three Public Funds": The "three public funds" included in the management of provincial financial budget and final accounts refer to the expenses for going abroad (territory) on business, the purchase and operation expenses of official vehicles and the official reception expenses arranged by the department with financial allocations. Among them, the expenses for going abroad on business reflect the international travel expenses, inter-city transportation expenses, accommodation expenses, meals, training fees, public miscellaneous expenses and other expenses of the unit going abroad on business; The purchase and operation expenses of official vehicles reflect the purchase expenses of official vehicles (including vehicle purchase tax) and expenses such as rental fees, fuel fees, maintenance fees, crossing fees, insurance fees and safety incentive fees; The official reception fee reflects all kinds of official reception (including foreign guests’ reception) expenses of the unit according to the regulations.

　　28. Operating expenses of organs: funds used for purchasing goods and services to ensure the operation of administrative units (including institutions managed according to the Civil Service Law), including office and printing expenses, post and telecommunications expenses, travel expenses, conference expenses, trade union funds, welfare expenses, daily maintenance expenses, office space utilities, other transportation expenses and other expenses.

Department Final Statement of Sichuan Writers Association in 2016

Xinhua News Agency, Guangzhou, August 11th (Reporter Xiao Sisi) The Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Commission issued a health reminder on the prevention and control of dengue fever. At present, Guangdong has entered the local epidemic season of dengue fever, and the imported cases of overseas infection and local cases are gradually increasing. The Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Commission reminded that dengue fever spreads rapidly, and there is no specific treatment drug. Severe cases can cause severe bleeding, shock and even death. Dengue fever can be prevented and controlled, and the key lies in prevention.

According to the relevant person in charge of the Guangdong Provincial Health and Wellness Committee, dengue fever in Guangdong Province is mainly transmitted through the bite of Aedes albopictus (Aedes albopictus), eliminating mosquito breeding sites (indoor and external water accumulation in various homes and workplaces), killing adult mosquitoes and preventing mosquito bites by individuals are key measures for dengue prevention and control.

In addition, travel to prevent mosquitoes and keep up with the awareness of disease prevention. Travellers who are going to areas with dengue fever should take mosquito prevention measures, such as wearing light-colored long-sleeved underwear and using mosquito repellent containing deet. If you have fever, skin flushing, muscle and bone pain and other symptoms within 15 days after traveling in dengue endemic areas, you should seek medical treatment as soon as possible, and explain the travel history and health status of your colleagues to your doctor. Patients who have been diagnosed with dengue fever in medical institutions should actively cooperate with the hospital to do isolation treatment and actively prevent the occurrence of serious diseases.

　　CCTV News:It’s not the rush hour or holidays. On Thursday, at several high-speed toll stations in Hefei, Anhui Province, there were long queues in the manual toll lanes. The queues were all vehicles that didn’t handle ETC. In contrast, several ETC lanes next to them were very smooth. Car owners told reporters that the reason for the obvious increase in congestion recently is very simple. ETC lanes have increased significantly, while manual toll lanes have decreased significantly.

　　Toll station staff:There are all ETC lanes over there

　　Reporter:Can’t these two drive?

　　Toll station staff:This is the ETC lane, which is being rebuilt and can’t be opened.

　　At the exit of Jinzhai Road toll station, all 12 toll lanes have ETC function, and only two or three manual toll lanes are left. A few days ago, a car owner found at the exit of the toll station in Yongzhen Town, Wuhu Expressway that only one artificial lane was left in 16 lanes.

　　Tao Huang, Deputy Director of Operation Management Department of Anhui Communications Holding Group:According to the document jointly issued by the Ministry of Communications and the National Development and Reform Commission, the number of special ETC lanes around our large and medium-sized cities will account for 70% of all our lanes before the end of October, so it is objectively caused by a certain reduction in artificial lanes.

　　At various toll stations, ETC propaganda slogans can be seen everywhere, not only with ETC handling points, but also with loud ETC propaganda broadcasts. The words of the staff of Jinzhai Road toll station made it clear that the reduction of artificial lanes seems to be to force the car to host ETC.

　　Toll station staff:Do ETC, do it quickly, and it will be even more blocked in the future. Now there are still three lanes, and next year there will be one lane.

　　Reporter:The traffic jam lasted so long.

　　Toll station staff:Traffic jam, now say that if you don’t do ETC, let him block it, that’s what you said. We have opened more, and we have to bear the responsibility. Who will bear the responsibility?

　　Reporter:What’s the responsibility?

　　Toll station staff:There are still 3 million cars in Anhui province that have not yet been ETC, so what should we do?

　　ETC, that is, non-stop electronic toll collection system, the vehicle ETC can realize unmanned electronic toll collection, and it only takes a few seconds to pass. But even though ETC is so good, so "promoting ETC through congestion" really makes car owners feel uncomfortable.

　　Hefei citizens:Why do you have to install ETC? Right? We’re not saying we can’t pretend, but it makes people feel uncomfortable, just like being forced.

　　This year, the national ETC promotion entered the fast lane, and many high-speed toll stations showed unfriendly attitudes towards vehicles without ETC. The toll station of Xiamen North Station once ran a banner of "ETC is not installed, and the expressway is not welcome", and the toll station of Yuanling, Hunan once ran a slogan of "Vehicles without ETC equipment are not allowed to get on the expressway from January 1". So the slogan "Thunder Man" has been removed. In Tianjin, since 0: 00 last Sunday, all the artificial lanes at the entrances of six toll stations, such as Binhai Station, have been cancelled, and vehicles without ETC can’t really get on the expressway.

　　On Tuesday, at the Tianjin toll station of Jinbin Expressway, the sign "ETC vehicles only" was still visible, and the broadcast was also played in a loop. Owners who don’t have ETC can either go to the expressway to handle ETC, or they can only turn around and return.

　　Tianjin citizens:I feel that this kind of direct closure of the artificial lane is not very comfortable anyway.

　　Tianjin citizens:I don’t do this, because I feel it is relatively troublesome to reimburse.

　　Tianjin citizens:What should you do when you are old? What should you do if you drive here in your 60 s, don’t have ETC and don’t have a bank card?

　　A spokesman for the Ministry of Transport said last week that even next year, ETC will be able to get on the expressway, and toll stations should keep a small number of artificial toll lanes. On Wednesday, after the relevant departments in Tianjin were ordered to rectify, the artificial lanes were reopened at the entrances of six high-speed toll stations such as Binhai Station. The reporter once again came to the Tianjin toll station of Jinbin Expressway, where an artificial lane has been restored. However, is one lane enough and will there be congestion? Dynamically allocate the number of artificial lanes according to the traffic flow, and improve the service to solve the practical difficulties and worries of handling ETC, so that ETC can really reduce congestion instead of adding congestion to high speed.