□ Rule of Law Daily reporter Wan Jing

　　Recently, the General Administration of Market Supervision and the National Standardization Administration Committee approved the release of the mandatory national standard GB 41700-2022 "E-cigarette" (hereinafter referred to as the "national standard for e-cigarettes"), which will be implemented on October 1 this year.

　　It is worth noting that the new national standard for e-cigarettes focuses on strengthening the protection of minors, and has made detailed standards on the taste, use safety and protection of minors of e-cigarettes.

　　In view of the strong attraction of flavored e-cigarettes and nicotine-free e-cigarettes such as fruits, foods and beverages to minors, it is easy to induce them to smoke. The "National Standard for E-cigarettes" stipulates that the characteristic flavor of products should not present other flavors except tobacco, and explicitly requires that "atomized products should contain nicotine", that is, e-cigarette products without nicotine should not enter the market for sale.

　　Merchants take health as a gimmick.

　　Lure minors to eat.

　　E-cigarette, as an electronic imitation of cigarettes, has been sought after by many people in recent years, including many minors such as primary and secondary school students. Driven by interests, some unscrupulous merchants have opened cigarette shops to areas where minors are concentrated, such as primary and secondary schools and kindergartens, which has increased the convenience for minors to contact and buy cigarettes.

　　In addition to being easy to buy, the variety of tastes is another reason to attract minors. Some merchants use self-built websites, WeChat official account, small programs and other online media to lure and sell electronic cigarettes, and publicize "all kinds of flavored electronic cigarettes such as fruity, floral, sweet and beverage flavors" that are attractive to young people; Some e-cigarette merchants even use "cool", "health" and "fashion" as gimmicks to lure minors to buy and smoke.

　　Due to the availability of e-cigarettes in online and offline channels, the proportion of young people exposed to e-cigarettes is increasing. According to the survey results of China Center for Disease Control and Prevention on tobacco among middle school students in China in 2019, the proportion of middle school students who heard of e-cigarettes in 2019 was 69.9%, and the utilization rate of e-cigarettes was 2.7%, which increased by 24.9 and 1.5 percentage points respectively compared with 2014.

　　How to solve the chaotic problem of e-cigarette sales in time and effectively protect the physical and mental health of minors has aroused great concern from all walks of life.

　　After the implementation of the "national standard for e-cigarettes", all kinds of flavored e-cigarettes with fruit flavor, flower fragrance and sweetness that are attractive to young people will become a thing of the past.

　　The "national standard for electronic cigarettes" clearly stipulates that the design of aerosol should not be induced by minors, and the characteristic flavor of the product should not present other flavors except tobacco; E-cigarette smoking sets and shells of e-cigarette liquid should have closed structures to prevent artificial filling; Electronic cigarette smoking set should have the function of preventing children from starting and the protection function of preventing accidental starting; The white list of additives has been reduced from 122 to 101.

　　Set a five-month transition period

　　Enterprises should meet the standards as soon as possible.

　　The reporter noted that the "Administrative Measures for Electronic Cigarettes" was officially implemented on May 1, and the "National Standard for Electronic Cigarettes" was officially implemented on October 1 this year. Why is there a "five-month" time difference between them?

　　In this regard, the relevant person in charge of the General Administration of Market Supervision explained that considering that after the release of the "National Standard for Electronic Cigarettes", electronic cigarette manufacturers need to carry out compliance design of products, complete product transformation, apply for product testing and technical review from relevant departments, etc., all of which will take some time, so a five-month implementation transition period is set.

　　During the transition period, the existing e-cigarette production and operation entities before November 10th last year can continue to carry out production and operation activities, and should apply for relevant licenses and product technical review as required, design products in compliance and complete product transformation. The transition period will end on September 30th this year. E-cigarette manufacturers should achieve product standards as soon as possible during the transition period.

　　According to the relevant provisions of Article 25 of the Standardization Law, products and services that do not meet the mandatory standards shall not be produced, sold, imported or provided. The "national standard for electronic cigarettes" will be officially implemented on October 1 this year. After the formal implementation of the standard, the electronic cigarette products sold in the market must meet the national standards.

　　It is reported that the tobacco monopoly administrative department will urge all kinds of e-cigarette market players to carry out production and business operations according to laws and regulations, and investigate and deal with violations of relevant policy requirements during the transition period according to law. Cooperate with relevant departments to strengthen special governance, focus on cleaning up electronic cigarette sales outlets and electronic cigarette vending machines around primary and secondary schools, delete information on online sales of electronic cigarettes, investigate and deal with illegal cases such as selling electronic cigarettes to minors, and detect criminal cases of new drugs such as adding synthetic cannabinoids, so as to effectively protect and safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of minors and consumers.

　　If you find illegal activities such as selling e-cigarettes to minors, producing and selling fake and inferior e-cigarettes products, and selling e-cigarettes through information networks, you can call the 12313 tobacco market supervision service hotline or provide clues about illegal activities through reporting channels published in various places.

　　Regulatory measures continued to strengthen.

　　Prevent the resurgence of chaos

　　The reporter noted that in recent years, the e-cigarette market has grown significantly in China. According to incomplete statistics, there are currently more than 40,000 enterprises in China whose names or business scope include "electronic cigarettes and electronic atomizers". As the most concentrated area of e-cigarette manufacturers, Guangdong has more than 11,000 e-cigarette related enterprises.

　　Since 2018, China has successively introduced a series of regulatory measures for the e-cigarette industry, especially for minors who are easy to fall into the temptation trap, prohibiting online sales of e-cigarettes, and gradually strengthening the regulatory measures for e-cigarettes.

　　On November 1, 2019, the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau and the General Administration of Market Supervision jointly issued the Notice on Further Protecting Minors from E-cigarettes, urging enterprises or individuals producing and selling e-cigarettes to close the e-cigarette Internet sales websites or clients in time; Urge the e-commerce platform to close the e-cigarette shop in time and take the e-cigarette products off the shelves in time; Urge enterprises or individuals producing and selling e-cigarettes to withdraw e-cigarette advertisements published through the Internet.

　　In July 2021, the General Administration of Market Supervision and the State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau jointly issued the "Special Action Plan for Protecting Minors from Tobacco". The action plan calls for strict investigation and punishment of illegal acts of selling cigarettes to minors, continuous strengthening of network monitoring and intensified crackdown on illegal acts; Comprehensively and strictly supervise the business behavior of e-cigarettes, improve the supervision efficiency, standardize the production and business activities of e-cigarettes, and prevent the chaos in the e-cigarette market from "resurgence".

　 　　□ Our reporter Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Intern of this newspaper Chen Haozheng

　　"If we had known that the hotel used so many prepared dishes, we would definitely not have booked this one. We felt that there was no grade, and we were even more afraid that the guests would think that we were insincere."

　　Not long ago, in order to leave an unforgettable wedding banquet for relatives and friends in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, a couple specially chose a well-known hotel in the city and ordered an expensive banquet package. However, after the wedding banquet, the couple were quietly told by their relatives and friends that the wedding banquet was not cost-effective, and 70% of the 16 dishes were prepared.

　　After the couple posted "Tucao" on the Internet, it immediately aroused the resonance of many netizens: "I know that prefabricated dishes are popular now, but I didn’t expect that wedding banquets that cost a lot of money are mostly prefabricated dishes." Some people even sneered: "You don’t need to recruit a cook in the future. Going to a restaurant to eat is all prefabricated dishes. Just heat it yourself."

　　Prefabricated dishes, with the advantages and characteristics of convenient cooking and fast meals, conform to the fast-paced life at present, and are also deeply loved by some young people. In recent years, the prefabricated vegetable market has developed rapidly. Relevant data show that the number of registered prefabricated vegetable enterprises in China has reached 62,000. Recently, the "Measures on Restoring and Expanding Consumption" issued by the relevant state ministries and commissions mentioned that "tapping the potential of prefabricated vegetable market and accelerating the construction of prefabricated vegetable bases".

　　At the same time of market expansion, there are many disputes about prefabricated dishes. A recent survey by the reporter of Rule of Law Daily found that many consumers said that they didn’t want to order prefabricated dishes when they went out to eat, and some restaurants didn’t explicitly tell them when they used prefabricated dishes. Problems such as poor quality of prefabricated dishes have also caused frequent vomiting.

　　The experts interviewed said that there is a lack of national standards and definitions for prefabricated dishes, and there is also a lack of supervision over their quality. The extensive use of prefabricated vegetables has its positive significance, but consumers should be clearly informed and their right to know and choose should be respected.

　　Online and offline prefabricated dishes are popular.

　　Food safety issues cause concern.

　　"Your 1: 1 rice is ready, please enjoy your meal. Two months ago, you cooked a fried tofu roast meat, put it in boiling water and heat it for a few minutes, then you can cook it. The cost of 5 yuan takeaway is 15 yuan, and the color is bright and the soup is delicious. Such a prefabricated dish takeaway is ready. " This is a picture in a short video about the production of prefabricated dishes.

　　The reporter found that prefabricated dishes have penetrated into many hotels online and offline.

　　The reporter searched on the e-commerce platform with "cooking bag" as the key word, and you can see many pre-cooked food stores with accumulated sales of thousands. After conversion, the average price of a cooking bag is 5 yuan, ranging from "Brazilian barbecue" to "Wanzhou grilled fish" and "spicy cod". Many of these stores will directly indicate "for take-out" or "the same catering/take-out", and many stores will put up "merchant purchase links". As long as they provide store photos and business licenses, they can choose 5 or 10 packages for free.

　　The customer service of a store told the reporter that every day, it receives consultations from dozens of take-away stores, and its store promotion page reads "cumulative supply of 8 million+"to take-away platform merchants.

　　According to the data of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, at present, the biggest downstream demand of the prefabricated vegetable industry comes from catering enterprises, accounting for 80%. Snack fast food restaurants, chain stores, food and beverage outlets that focus on take-out, rural kitchens, group dining halls, etc. are the main scenarios for the application of prefabricated dishes. Among them, some head chain catering enterprises have a high proportion of prefabricated dishes, and more than 80% of the dishes in some restaurants are prefabricated dishes.

　　According to the data released by the third-party survey organization, the scale of prefabricated vegetable market in China reached 419.6 billion yuan in 2022, up by 21.3% year-on-year, and it is estimated that the scale of prefabricated vegetable market will exceed 1 trillion yuan in 2026.

　　Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, told the reporter that the healthy and orderly development of the prefabricated vegetable industry can meet the convenient, fast and safe needs of consumers, and also promote the iterative upgrading of breeding and food industries, and a number of prefabricated vegetable industrial bases with strong radiation will emerge to accelerate consumption upgrading.

　　With the rapid development of prefabricated vegetable market, many consumers have also expressed their worries and dissatisfaction. During the interview, many consumers said that when they went to a restaurant, they just wanted to eat something fresh and cooked by the chef. As a result, some restaurants used prefabricated dishes, which "lost a little feeling". "It used to be said that it was unhealthy to eat overnight food, but now it is healthy to eat dishes cooked a few months ago." "I don’t understand why even the canteen needs cooking bags, and how can industrial food be cooked by hand?" Similar comments can be seen everywhere under the popular science of prefabricated dishes and short news videos.

　　The quality problems of prefabricated dishes exposed from time to time have also "added a fire" to consumers’ concerns. In February this year, Jiangsu Consumer Protection Committee released the "Survey Report on the Consumption of Prefabricated Vegetables", showing that over 80% of consumers said that when purchasing prefabricated vegetables, they encountered problems such as stale ingredients, spoiled dishes, damaged packaging and expired. Previously, some media exposed the production environment of a small and large-scale cooking bag manufacturer "Banggangxiang": the stained production room, the expired ingredients continued to be used, and the chicken that fell to the ground was directly thrown into the processing tank … …

　　During the interview, many consumers told reporters that many pre-cooked dishes were inconsistent in packaging and publicity. For example, the wrapping paper was painted with delicious braised pork with fat and thin, and it turned out to be starch products after being bought and opened. Some prefabricated dishes are still short of weight, and even merchants use prefabricated dishes to pretend to be fresh cooking.

　　Zheng Fengtian, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that at present, there is no national standard for pre-cooked dishes, and some provinces have plans to formulate standards for pre-cooked dishes. However, how many types of pre-cooked dishes are classified is also a difficult problem. Whether semi-finished dishes, pre-cooked dishes and central kitchen supplies can all be classified into pre-cooked dishes is still controversial.

　　Experts interviewed believe that the lack of standard system has become a key issue affecting the development of prefabricated dishes. Due to the lack of uniform implementation standards, the quality of prefabricated dishes in the market is mixed, and the tastes of dishes produced by different manufacturers are quite different, which has given birth to many pain points that plague the development of the industry, such as difficult quality assurance, unclear labeling and large price difference. Take pickled fish as an example, some manufacturers implement the national standard of animal aquatic products, while others implement the standard of quick-frozen prepared food.

　　The merchant does not express the usage.

　　Infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers

　　Not long ago, when Mr. Zhang was eating in a hotel in Qingdao, Shandong Province, he found that some dishes tasted different from what he had eaten before. After understanding, he found that the ingredients were prefabricated dishes. In this regard, the staff explained that the prefabricated dishes are convenient and quick, and they can be eaten when cooked. The quality is definitely no problem, which can meet the needs of guests to eat in a relatively short time, and the taste is not much different. Regarding Mr. Zhang’s query that "prepared vegetables are less nutritious than fresh vegetables", the staff member faltered, "There should be little difference."

　　"I didn’t expect such a big hotel to use prefabricated dishes, and it didn’t tell consumers. If you don’t ask, don’t say it." Mr. Zhang said that he could not understand this.

　　It’s nothing new that prefabricated dishes enter the hotel. During the interview, many consumers expressed their dissatisfaction with the practice of using prefabricated dishes in the hotel without explicitly telling them. Mr. Zhao, an office worker from Taian, Shandong Province, said: "I have no problem with prefabricated dishes, but the hotel should at least tell me that it provides prefabricated dishes."

　　To confirm the above statement, the reporter recently visited 30 hotels, take-away shops and supermarkets in Beijing and Tianjin, and inquired about the online take-away platform. Except for a supermarket in Hedong District, Tianjin, the cashier’s publicity page reads "Today’s specials are kung pao chicken and 9.9 yuan, and the prepared dishes are not made on the spot", no one has voluntarily informed or indicated that they are using prepared dishes.

　　At the end of August, the reporter went to a Chinese fast food chain in a shopping mall in Beijing. At that time, it was lunch time, and the store was packed. The takeaway window also waited for many takeaway brothers who took meals. But the reporter found that only one clerk in the kitchen was busy.

　　"How long will it take to order now?" In the face of a reporter’s inquiry, the staff of the ordering desk replied that it can be made in 5 minutes if you place an order now.

　　"With so many people eating, there is only one person in the kitchen, and the speed of serving can be guaranteed. Did you use prefabricated dishes?" In the face of questions, the clerk was silent for a while and did not give a positive answer. He just told reporters that the chicken chops with honey sauce were fried and the braised pork was "done" before.

　　Other restaurants visited, faced with the reporter’s question about whether they used prefabricated dishes, only the clerk of a small bowl restaurant replied that "some dishes are prefabricated dishes", while other stores ignored him. For example, a grilled fish shop did not give an answer whether it was a prepared dish or not, only that the fish and boiled meat slices in the shop were "distributed". In a rice noodle shop, the clerk told reporters that the braised chicken is semi-processed and the chicken pieces are cooked in advance.

　　Some merchants revealed to reporters that although they used prefabricated dishes, they did not dare to publicize them, because some consumers did not have high recognition of prefabricated dishes and felt that they were not fresh and nutritious, and the prefabricated dish industry did have many problems in the rapid development process in recent years, which had a certain negative impact on catering stores.

　　Should businesses inform consumers when they use prefabricated dishes?

　　Lei fu, director of the Management Committee of Beijing Yingke (Hefei) Law Firm, believes that customers have reasonable expectations for the dishes they choose, hoping for value for money, which is also the service standard that businesses and consumers should have in their contracts. Because prefabricated dishes are the product of Chinese food industrialization, the cost is much lower than that of frying and cooking now, which will aggravate the violation of consumers’ right to know and choose. If restaurants and take-away shops use prefabricated dishes, they should fulfill their obligation of informing and reminding, and guests can choose to consume or not.

　　According to Xiaojuan Zhu, director and deputy secretary-general of china law society Commercial Law Research Association, there is a difference in the cost of pre-cooked dishes and ready-made dishes, and restaurants can set prices separately, giving consumers more choices.

　　"Operators should provide real information about prepared dishes, and cannot mislead consumers through false and exaggerated propaganda. The amount of prefabricated dishes provided by operators should also be consistent with the marked quantity, and it is not allowed to cut corners and be short of weight, otherwise it will be suspected of infringing consumers’ fair trading rights. " Chen Yinjiang, deputy secretary general of china law society Consumer Protection Law Research Association, said.

　　Make standards and fulfill the obligation to inform.

　　Strengthen the management and supervision of prefabricated vegetables

　　The reporter found out that although there is no national standard for prefabricated dishes at present, since 2022, many provinces and cities have introduced relevant standards and specifications for prefabricated dishes. In April, 2022, Jiangsu Catering Industry Association issued the group standard "Standard for Quality Evaluation of Precast Dishes"; In November 2022, Chongqing Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued the "Twenty Articles on Implementing the Main Responsibility of Food Safety" for the production and operation of prefabricated vegetables; In January this year, the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued the "Examination Plan for the Production License of Shanghai Prefabricated Vegetables" to explore and standardize the food safety of prefabricated vegetables.

　　The national level also attaches great importance to the development of prefabricated dishes. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee clearly stated that "the standardization and standardization level of clean vegetables, central kitchens and other industries should be improved. Cultivate and develop the prefabricated vegetable industry. " On July 31st, the State Council forwarded the Notice of National Development and Reform Commission on Measures to Restore and Expand Consumption, specifically proposing to expand the consumption of catering services, cultivate the mode of "breeding base+central kitchen+cold chain logistics+catering stores", and tap the potential of prefabricated vegetable market.

　　Recently, through the coordination and docking between Shandong Provincial Market Supervision Administration and State Administration of Market Supervision, two items of "prefabricated vegetable processing" and "prefabricated vegetable sales" have been added to the standardized management system of business scope. On August 3, the person in charge of Liaocheng Fudelin Catering Management Co., Ltd. in Shandong Province took over the first business license of the city’s business scope of "prefabricated vegetable processing" and "prefabricated vegetable sales" from the staff.

　　In Chen Yinjiang’s view, the standard system of pre-cooked dishes has not been established before, nor has it been included in the scope of special food business projects. Generally, as long as you have a catering service license or a food business license, you can engage in related business activities. Including "pre-cooked dish processing" and "pre-cooked dish sales" in the special business scope can promote the establishment and improvement of the standard system of pre-cooked dishes in the future and promote the standardized and high-quality development of the industry.

　　Experts interviewed by reporters believe that for prefabricated vegetable enterprises, delicious food determines how high it can go, and safety determines how far it can go.

　　Sun Juanjuan, a researcher at the Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety Governance of Renmin University of China, believes that the pre-cooked food for consumers is prepackaged foods, and the compliance management of producers and operators needs to pay attention to the legal compliance of identification information, including not misleading consumers in principle, but also specific information identification requirements such as name, ingredients and date. It is worth mentioning that the intuition of logo information makes logo non-compliance an important object of consumer rights protection. Especially, the producers and operators of pre-cooked vegetables who change from B2B (business-to-business) to B2C (enterprises provide goods or services directly to consumers) should pay attention to the compliance challenges brought by the scene change.

　　"Consumers can actively choose prefabricated dishes in the B2C scenario and passively consume prefabricated dishes in the B2B scenario. The latter’s informed choice has triggered disputes on the protection of consumers’ rights and interests. The transparency of supply chain has attracted increasing attention. In addition to food safety, consumers also pay attention to their consumption content from other dimensions such as economic benefits, including food production methods. Facing the competition brought by catering industrialization, handmade production still has its own existence scene. Information disclosure is undoubtedly a prerequisite for meeting consumers’ different expectations and making informed choices. " Sun Juanjuan said.

　　Lei fu said that the emergence of a new thing will inevitably lead to changes in the upstream and downstream industries, and it is essential to formulate industry standards and standardize guidance. The development of prefabricated vegetables needs to be controlled from the source. Production must have a food production license, transportation and storage also need synchronous supervision, storage conditions and transportation equipment standards need to be updated simultaneously for catering sales, and sellers who send them to consumers’ tables also need corresponding licenses.

　　In Xiaojuan Zhu’s view, the relevant state departments should formulate and promulgate specific standards for prepared dishes, including raw material standards and finished product standards; Pre-cooked vegetable production enterprises should fulfill the responsibilities of producers and operators, produce standard and healthy products, and indicate raw materials and cooking methods; Trade associations should also formulate trade rules to advocate prefabricated vegetable enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities and establish a good social image.

　　"The relevant regulatory authorities should implement the supervision, not only strengthen the daily supervision and inspection, but also carry out targeted special supervision and inspection for the problems that consumers reflect more intensively and prominently, and crack down on violations of laws and regulations or damage to consumers’ rights and interests according to law." Chen Yinjiang suggested.　

[Text/Observer Network Wang Shichun]

According to a report by the Tass news agency on December 24th, on December 24th, the first Russian Su -57 fighter made by Gagarin Factory in Gongqingcheng, amur river crashed during a flight test in Khabarovsk Krai, and the pilot on board parachuted to escape, and was later rescued by a Mi -8 search and rescue helicopter.

According to sources, this Su -57 fighter is the first "mass production" Su -57 fighter, which was originally scheduled to be delivered to the troops on the 27th. This is the first time that the Russian Su -57 fighter plane crashed since its first flight in 2010.

In November, the first Russian aircraft being assembled at the Gongqingcheng factory.short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname-57 "mass production" fighter, this may be the photo of this plane. Source: Red Star TV.

A spokesman for the Russian authorities said that the accident occurred 120 kilometers away from the Zemji Air Force Base. This Su -57 is not owned by the military, but belongs to amur river Gongqingcheng Gagarin Factory. Russia’s United Aviation Manufacturing Group reported that the accident did not cause casualties and damage on the ground. At present, the plane’s black box is still being searched.

Informed sources revealed to the satellite news agency that the Su -57, the fifth-generation fighter plane that crashed in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia on the 24th, was the first mass-produced aircraft originally scheduled to be delivered to the Russian army on December 27th. The source said: "This is the first mass-produced Su -57, which was originally planned to be delivered on the 27th of this month.

At present, the prototypes of all six Su -57 fighters are deployed at the National Flight Test Center in astrakhan, andGongqingcheng Aircraft Factory was previously assembling and producing the first batch of "mass production" Su -57 fighters.According to the plan of the Russian Air Force, the Russian Air Force will receive the first batch of Su -57 fighters at the end of this year.

On December 20th, according to the Tass news agency, the Chief of Staff of the Russian Federation Armed Forces announced on the 20th that the Russian Ministry of Defence had completed the second phase test of the fifth-generation multi-role fighter "Su -57" in Syria, during which all actual combat test tasks have been completed. At present, the Su -57 fighter has been mass-produced, and the first mass-production battle opportunity will be installed in the Russian army before the end of the year.

Military commentators of Observer Network believe that the crashed Su -57 fighter may be the first mass-produced Su -57 fighter of the Russian army. In the program of Red Star TV in November, Russia exposed the Su -57 fighters that Gongqingcheng Factory is entering the "mass production stage". From the video released by Red Star TV, only one Su -57 fighter is in a relatively high completion state, and other Su-57s are in the process of assembly, so it is difficult to reach the test flight state within one month. Considering that there are only a few days before the end of the year, the Su -57 that crashed in Russia this time is probably the plane that was mirrored on the Red Star Platform a few months ago.

Photo: November 8diurnal"mass production type"short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname–fivesevenopportunity for combat

Su -57′ s experience in recent years can be described as "twists and turns". The Russian army signed the Su -57 supply contract during the "Army -2018" forum, but the number is only two. These two aircraft will join the Russian army at the end of 2019.

However, with Putin’s visit to Su -57, things changed. On May 14th this year, six Su-57s escorted Putin’s special plane to astrakhan National Flight Test Center. Putin then visited Su-57s, Dagger air-launched hypersonic weapons, S-70 Okhotnik-B Hunter -B UAV and other weapons and equipment. The next day, Putin announced that he would purchase a total of 76 Su -57 fighters and advance the time for installing these fighters to 2028.

On June 29 this year, the Russian Ministry of National Defense signed a contract with United Aviation Manufacturing Group of Russia at the "Army -2019" International Military Technology Forum and purchased 76 Su -57 fighters. However, the only fighters expected to be delivered to the Russian Air Force this year are two Su-57s signed in "Army -2018".

Six Su-57sFighters escorted Putin’s special plane to the State of astrakhan.Home flight test center Source: Russian Air Force

As a fighter available for foreign trade, countries such as India and Turkey have considered purchasing Su -57 fighters this year. According to Sputnik’s report on July 19th, Birender Singh Dhanoa, chief of staff of the Indian Air Force, said in an interview with Red Star that after the fifth-generation fighter Su -57 was equipped with Russian troops and showed its value, India was willing to reconsider the joint research and development and procurement between India and Russia.

On August 28th, at the Moscow Air Show, Turkish President Erdogan visited the Su -57 fighter plane accompanied by Putin. When asked if he would buy Su -57 to deal with the United States stopping the delivery of F-35s, Erdogan said: "Why not? We don’t buy why we came to the air show. "

EldoAn visits the Su -57 fighter. Source: RT

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

　　[Aika Auto Domestic New Car Original]

　　Recently, according to relevant media reports, Gaohe announced the big rights and interests of HipHi Z. In 2022, the owners of the big locks will get multiple rights and interests, including the courtesy of worry-free cars, the gift of blind boxes with limited time locks, the purchase rights and interests of old owners, and the opportunity to participate in the 2022 HiPhi Show activities. The new car will be officially opened at 10 am on October 1, with a price range of 610,000-630,000 yuan, and will be delivered at the end of this year.

　　From October 1st, HiPhi Z will officially accept the ordering and locking. Users who order and lock in 2022 can enjoy the lifetime free vehicle warranty, lifetime free three-electricity warranty, lifetime free 5G vehicle networking traffic, lifetime free road rescue, exclusive charging pile and installation services, and free access to HiPhi Pilot Gaohe intelligent driving assistance function package.

　　Users who have completed the HiPhi Z lock fitting within this year can also randomly select the titanium moon gift box, 1:18 HiPhi Z alloy car model and Xinghe Purple players’ limited painting of No.9 go-kart through the HIP HI APP (opened on November 11th, 2022). During this period, Gaohe has prepared the exclusive rights of the old owner to purchase HiPhi Z for HiPhi X owners, and can choose the flexible armor wheel hub assembly for free when locking the configuration.

　　Editor’s point of view: HiPhi Z is the second model launched by Gaohe Automobile. The design of the new car is very radical and highly recognizable. Compared with Gaohe HiPhi X, HiPhi Z is younger and more athletic as a whole. The arrival of rich rights and interests will make the new car more attractive.

Wonderful content review:

Million level? The patent map of Gaohe HiHi ZGT was exposed.

2022 Chengdu Auto Show: Gaohe HiPhi Z was officially launched.

Product understanding is biased. Gaohe Automobile responds to sales fraud.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of National Medical Products Administration, 53 batches of cosmetics marked as agents (production) by 22 enterprises such as Special Eye International Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. were unqualified after inspection by Zhejiang Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute, and the above-mentioned unqualified products and related enterprises violated the Regulations on Hygienic Supervision of Cosmetics, Regulations on the Management of Cosmetic Labeling and other relevant laws and regulations.

　　According to National Medical Products Administration, the labeling agency (production) enterprises involved and the unqualified products are: Flower-jealous Mild Hair Cream 5N Natural Brown Set (Flower-jealous Mild Hair Cream 5N Natural Brown+Coenzyme Brilliant Hair Essence), Kaiweisi Hair Cream (chestnut color) (5.3 chestnut) and Kaiweisi Hair Cream (chestnut brown) produced by Guangzhou Kaiweisi Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Kaiweisi hair cream (chestnut color) and Kaiweisi hair cream, Caiyu zhanghua hair care baking oil (No.8) produced by Zhejiang zhanghua Health Care & Hairdressing Industry Co., Ltd., zhanghua hair care baking oil (No.14), Yeguozhen Tianfeng hair care baking oil (natural black), zhanghua hair care shampoo natural black, zhanghua brand Jiecai baking oil hair cream (No.30). Anzhi acid nourishing long-lasting color-dyeing baking ointment (wine red) produced by Beijing Guijiamei Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: Beijing Yuqiri Tonghua Cosmetics Co., Ltd.), bright natural black hair cream produced by Jiangsu Meiaisi Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: Henkel Co., Ltd.), and CHEAM produced by Wujiang Xing Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Daily Chemicals Co., Ltd. Liangyan hair cream (36) and Liangyan hair cream (30)(12/11), Feiling hair cream 6-45 (medium wine red) produced by Shanghai Huimei Cosmetics Co., Ltd. and Sibert Jiaoyang hair cream, and Chuanglu baking oil hair cream 2N natural black produced by Zhuji Best Daily Chemical Co., Ltd.,Black Diamond Premium Black Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Jiatong Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Jinghongda Hair Cream (Brown) and Jinghongda Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Jinghongda Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Siyu Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Clivia Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. (Rose Purple), Hongrui Kaixian Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Kaixi Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Haiweisi hair dressing ointment produced by Guangzhou Lanzi Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: France Lanzi (International) Cosmetics Co., Ltd.), Farafak Aromatherapy Bright Dyeing Ointment (Yingpaier Dyeing Ointment) produced by Guangzhou Yingpaier Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Jinhuang Female Hair Dyeing Ointment produced by Guangzhou Zhongyue Dasheng Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Jinzhutang Hair Dyeing Ointment and Jinzhutang Hair Dyeing Ointment produced by Guangzhou Weiniya Cosmetics Co., Ltd. Hair cream five-color rice plant essence hair cream (chestnut color), A Pai Yizu Mengpeisi hair cream (black) and Mengpeisi hair cream (0/45) produced by Heshan Bangli Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Ai’s hair cream series (copper red) and Ai’s hair cream series (gold copper color) produced by Taishan Gaofu Daily Chemical Co., Ltd., and military doctor? Tiggo dyes hair cream quickly (wine red), military doctor? Tiggo dye fast hair cream (natural black), Tiggo wash black shampoo (black), Tiggo dye fast hair cream (natural black), Tiggo dye fast hair cream (natural black), Tiggo dye fast hair cream.(wine red) and Tiggo Dye Fast Hair Cream (brown), Dicai Hair Cream (brown) produced by Zhaoqing Dicai Daily Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: Guangzhou Dicai Cosmetics Co., Ltd.), Capgemini Hair Cream (golden brown) 6/77 and Capgemini Hair Cream (natural black) 44/0 produced by Zhaoqing Capgemini Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Among them, after on-site verification by the drug supervision department where the manufacturer is located, it was marked as Caiyu zhanghua Dyeing and Baking Oil (No.8), zhanghua Dyeing and Baking Oil (No.14), Yeguozhen Tianfeng Dyeing and Baking Oil (Natural Black), zhanghua Dyeing and Protecting Shampoo Natural Black and zhanghua Jiecai Baking Oil Dyeing Cream (No.30) produced by Zhejiang zhanghua Health and Hairdressing Industry Co., Ltd.

　　The above-mentioned unqualified products and related enterprises violated the provisions of relevant laws and regulations such as the Regulations on Cosmetic Hygiene Supervision, the Regulations on the Administration of Cosmetic Labeling and so on. National Medical Products Administration asked the drug regulatory authorities in Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (cities) to supervise and urge relevant production enterprises to take timely measures such as recalling related products that have been listed and sold, file an investigation and deal with them seriously according to law; The drug regulatory authorities in Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces (cities) are required to order relevant business units to immediately take measures such as taking off the shelves to control risks. For products suspected of counterfeiting, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate their purchase channels and investigate violations of laws and regulations. The above-mentioned provincial drug regulatory authorities shall disclose the processing results of relevant enterprises or units within 3 months from the date of announcement, and timely fill in and report the relevant information in the national cosmetic sampling information system in National Medical Products Administration.

　　　 On December 15th, local time in new york, Tom Cruise took his daughter Suri out. On the same day, Tom was going to take his daughter out by boat. When he left the hotel, a large number of paparazzi were waiting outside. Although the weather was very cold, Suri only appeared in a pink short skirt with sandals. He was dressed in a summer dress and kept his head down. Finally, Tom took the toy and coat in his hand and simply held Suri in his arms with a bath towel, which kept him warm and avoided the camera.

More live pictures on the next page

Suzuki Shinichi’s stills in "The Cheating Game: The Last Stage"

Actor Kazuma Suzuki

　　Kazuma Suzuki, a 41-year-old personality actor who has excellent acting skills in the just-released hit film "Cheating Game: The Last Stage", announced the marriage news to the outside world by fax on March 21st. It is understood that Suzuki’s wife is 17 years younger than him and is an ordinary office worker. Suzuki sighed in the fax: "My long-term single life has finally come to an end!"

　　According to an insider, Suzuki’s wife is only 24 years old and 173CM tall, which is quite an antique beauty. The two met at a fashion party in 2005, when Suzuki was present as a catwalk model and his wife was a college student. The two confirmed that their relationship was at the end of 2005, and in the following year (2006), Suzuki took the woman home to meet her parents. It is understood that Suzuki’s parents were quite satisfied when they met their future daughter-in-law. In January, 2010, the parents of both sides formally engaged in a hotel in Tokyo, and the wedding ceremony and wedding banquet are expected to be held in the summer of 2010.

　　Kazuma Suzuki was born in Shizuoka Prefecture in 1968 and made her debut as a model in 1987. In 1995, he entered the film industry and made many film and television works and stage plays. In recent years, his film works include Silent Winter, Big Money Rock Two-faced Man, Tattoo: Like a Fragrant Moon, and fraud game: The Last Stage just released.

[Movie Network]www.1905.com　Exclusive manuscript, please indicate the source.

The so-called "gutter oil" generally refers to three kinds: old oil repeatedly fried, hogwash fat extracted from swill, and gutter oil extracted from floating oil in sewers. The refining processes of these three oils are similar: oil fishing, crude refining and refining, with little difficulty.

A technician from a famous edible oil manufacturer in Zhejiang said that any manufacturer of edible oil refining has the ability to mass produce "waste oil" without adding any equipment and technology.

There is no evidence in words, but the experiment proves it! From September 21st to 23rd, with the help of technicians, it took the reporter three days to refine about 250ml of golden yellow, clear and transparent gutter oil from a bucket of stinking and filthy floating oil.

The first step of the experiment: fishing for oil

The object of this experiment is floating oil in sewers, which is the so-called most authentic "gutter oil".

Oil fishing was carried out in the kitchen grease trap of a hotel in the city center on the morning of September 21st. The grease trap is under the manhole cover beside the kitchen. According to the requirements of environmental protection, all catering enterprises need to build it.

The tool for fishing oil is very simple, an oil drum and a digging rod. The front end of the digging rod is an aluminum bowl, and there are several small holes in the bottom of the bowl, which can filter water and leave oil.

When the manhole cover is opened, the gray-black floating objects exude a stench. Under the stirring of the pole, a few beans can be seen from time to time in the corroded garbage, which proves that they really come from the kitchen.

The second step of the experiment: rough refining

The reporter found an abandoned brick house in Yuhang, built a primitive stove with three bricks, set up an asphalt bucket, poured in a big bucket of waste oil raw materials, ignited and refined.

The fire burned for about twenty minutes, and the liquid in the oil drum boiled completely. The originally turbid liquid gradually became clear, and a thick layer of oil was floating after skimming the surface impurities.

Put it out, and after cooling, pick up the grease on it. These oils are the newly processed gutter oil, which is dark red, looks like old oil and stinks.

The third step of the experiment: refining

After rough refining, the waste oil can’t be put on the table, but also impurities, sediments, decoloration and deodorization should be separated. This time, the method of fine processing of edible oil was fully referenced.

We took 5 liters of crude cooking oil boiled by indigenous method as raw material of crude oil and sent it to a famous large edible oil manufacturer in Zhejiang. Factory technicians Xiao Jing and Xiao Zou (a pseudonym) clearly stated that these crude oil raw materials can be completely refined on their production lines.

"The alkali refining, water washing, decoloration and deodorization of waste oil are exactly the same as the fine processing of edible oil, but the deodorization link is not perfect in the laboratory."

Because it is extracted from the corrupt and acidified floating oil, gutter oil contains a lot of acidic substances, which can only be neutralized by adding alkali, that is, alkali refining.

After adding alkali, the waste oil quickly became turbid, from deep red to yellow similar to milk tea. After stirring, many white coagulants appeared.

"White coagulum is soap feet, which is a good raw material for making soap." Xiao Zou said.

After alkali refining, it is washed with water. The purpose is to accelerate the separation of oil and soapstock. It is very simple to add 10% salt water.

When it was placed in the early morning of the next day, the separation of oil and soap was completed. At this time, although the sour smell was reduced a lot, the color of the gutter oil was still dark red and opaque.

Decolorization is the most critical step in refining waste oil. This requires activated clay, which is an odorless, tasteless and nontoxic adsorbent.

Adding activated clay into the dark red oil in proportion, fully stirring, and turning the whole bottle of oil into black; Let it stand for 30 minutes at the temperature of 110℃-120℃, and then filter out the white clay, and a miracle will appear.

The original dark red and opaque gutter oil has become golden in color, clear and transparent; The tasteless clay, after filtering out, became black and smelled sour.

The last step of refining is deodorization.

Deodorization is also the last step of normal edible oil finishing. After this processing, the oil becomes completely odorless, but it needs to be carried out in a vacuum environment and cannot be operated in the laboratory.

Xiaojing took out a bottle of edible essence, dropped three or four drops into the gutter oil, and smelled it again, and it had no sour smell.

"If I add peanut essence, it smells like peanut oil." Xiaojing said.

　　The 113th performance of Jacky Cheung’s "1/2 Century" concert was staged in Zhanjiang on the evening of February 17th, which set off a new round of mainland tour. It was mentioned that this round of tour will end in May. Jacky Cheung said that the concert was the only thing he did at the age of 50, and he was constantly asked to return, which also proved that what he did was right. After 50, his life will enter a new stage. As for the previous rumors that this is a "farewell concert", Jacky Cheung said that he would never talk about retirement; As for the collapse accident of Faye Wong’s tour in Chongqing on the evening of 17th, Jacky Cheung said that the performance safety is more important than the box office, and hoped that the organizers could take care of it.

　　This edition of the article Information Times reporter Ding Huifeng

　　Tour: I only do this one thing when I am 50 years old.

　　Jacky Cheung’s "1/2 Century" series toured 108 performances last year, successfully breaking the personal record of 105 performances of "Xueyou Lightyear" four years ago. Next, Geshen will continue to tour in Guangzhou, Hangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai and other cities, and many of them will return to perform, including Guangzhou Tianhe Stadium on February 24 and 25. Jacky Cheung said: "I went back for another round because many fans and friends haven’t seen it, and there is still demand. What we do in performance must be demanded, and the concert is the only thing I do at the age of 50. It is the constant demand that proves that what you do is right. " When asked about the difference between Guangzhou and last year, Jacky Cheung explained: "Of course, Cantonese songs are still the mainstay in Guangzhou, and there will be adjustments in the repertoire, and some old songs that people rarely hear will be sung, but the overall structure is still the same as last time."

　　As for why Hong Kong Station was chosen as the last performance on May 18th instead of continuing to set a new record, Jacky Cheung said that since the concert is to commemorate his 50th birthday, it should be a commemorative performance at this stage of life. "After 50 years old, life will begin to enter the next stage, and we should not stay in the past." As for the retirement problem that is sensitive to many "evergreen" singers, Jacky Cheung talked about it with Kan Kan, and said with a smile: "When people reach a certain age, it will definitely be more difficult to perform such a large-scale performance again. But I will never say ‘ Retirement ’ I never said that this tour was my last tour. As for when I want to retire, I’d better follow fate. I’m afraid of what to do ‘ Feng Mai ’ My promise, because I can’t stand loneliness, and I will come back to sing then. Isn’t it embarrassing? "

　　Safety: This is the first requirement of the concert.

　　On the same night as the concert in Zhanjiang, Jacky Cheung, Faye Wong’s solo concert originally held in Chongqing was forced to be rescheduled because of the collapse of the audience, which also made the media pay attention to the safety of large-scale performances again. In this regard, Jacky Cheung said that performance safety is the first requirement for each concert, because safety is definitely more important than box office and needs to be guaranteed. Jacky Cheung said that he fully understood Faye Wong’s feelings: "As artists, we can only try our best to do the best performance on the stage. Things on the stage are monitored by our own team, and of course we can’t ensure that there are no accidents at all; However, things under the stage can only be done by the organizers. I hope they can pay more attention to the safety of the concert and make it better. "

　　Jacky Cheung’s "1/2 Century" concert will have a stage set and an activity stage that can rotate 360 degrees. He further explained: "The stage is really a dangerous place. When it comes out, everyone may take it for granted, but it is a complicated process behind it, and all kinds of unexpected things will happen. We have done more than 100 performances, and every performance after 105 is a new record. We can only say thank you.

　　As for the safety of the Guangzhou concert, Li Jun, director of the organizer of the Guangzhou concert, said that the grandstand equipment was built by a formal company in Guangzhou that has been making equipment for more than 20 years, and the seats built in the infield were as load-bearing as the stage, not fixed with scaffolding, but even without a screw, so there would be no loosening. Li Jun said frankly that the seat collapse of Faye Wong Chongqing Concert really made the organizers pay more attention to the performance safety, and they will also increase their efforts to ensure the safety of the concert facilities.

　　Relatives: Cherishing getting along is the most important thing.

　　In addition to the highly sought after concert, Jacky Cheung’s status as a good husband and father in the circle is also recognized by the world. February 15th is the 16th anniversary of his marriage with his wife Luo Meiwei. When asked how to spend it, Jacky Cheung said with a smile that it was just a simple meal, and now even eating a meal is quite extravagant, while he said with a smile that he was preparing a gift. Andy Lau, who is also the four great kings, is going to be a father, and asked him what experience he had for each other. Jacky Cheung said, "First of all, bless him. As for the role of father, he started ten years later than me, haha. I have said several times that we should cherish the time spent with children. You see, now my eldest daughter is 11 years old and almost 12 years old. When she grows up, she grows up and grows up at once. You look at her as if she hasn’t changed for several years, but if you don’t see her for a month, you will find that she suddenly grows up, suddenly grows a head and gradually becomes an independent individual, and you will feel that time can’t stay. Huazai is still a little later than me. It is the most important thing to cherish getting along. "

　　Immediately after Zhanjiang Station, I moved to Nanning, and then I will come to Guangzhou to hold the 115th and 116th concerts. Regarding how to ensure the physical strength of such a continuous singing, Jacky Cheung said with a smile: "I asked Miss Chen (agent Chen Shufen) that it is best not to have more than three concerts in each place, but when I was in Macau at the beginning of this year, I held five concerts in a row, which shows that I have no problem in physical strength and voice control, but it is ideal for me to play for two days in a row. Of course, people become monsters if they don’t get sick for a year. They caught a cold when they were in Malaysia last time, which affected the vocal cords. If they put it in peacetime, they might not be able to perform. Fortunately, they were lucky enough to survive that day and thanked the fans for their tolerance. " He said that the most difficult thing now is how to say goodbye to everyone at the end of the tour. What he can do now is to get used to seeing the whole team earlier.

Conference site

　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenliang) On January 15th, the State Council Office held a press conference. Chen Yulu, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, introduced that in 2020, the People’s Bank of China will comprehensively track the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development situation, and flexibly grasp the strength, rhythm and focus of monetary policy regulation and control, thus creating a stable and suitable monetary and financial environment for the epidemic prevention and control, "six stabilities" and "six guarantees".

　　Chen Yulu said that on January 12th, the People’s Bank of China released the Report on Financial Statistics in 2020. The data shows that in 2020, China’s major financial indicators are running in line with expectations, and the financial system is running smoothly.

　　First, the growth of money and credit basically achieved the annual target. At the end of 2020, the broad money supply (M2) increased by 10.1% year-on-year, 1.4 percentage points higher than the end of last year; RMB loans increased by 19.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.8 trillion yuan over the previous year; The stock of social financing scale increased by 13.3% year-on-year, 2.6 percentage points higher than the end of last year. From the perspective of the whole year, the People’s Bank of China has provided 1.75 trillion yuan of long-term liquidity for the real economy by reducing the deposit reserve ratio three times. The People’s Bank of China has launched more than 9 trillion yuan of monetary policy support measures, ensuring the policy goal of "moderate monetary aggregate and reasonable liquidity".

　　Second, the credit structure was optimized, loans from manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises continued to exert their strength, and financial support for key areas of the real economy increased. In 2020, the balance of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry increased by 35.2%, 20.3 percentage points higher than the previous year, and the growth rate has been rising for 14 consecutive months. Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans increased by 30.3%, 7.2 percentage points higher than the previous year. At the same time, the effect of real estate control policies has been gradually released, and the growth rate of real estate loan balance has dropped for 29 consecutive months.

　　Third, we continued to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, and the financing cost of the real economy dropped significantly. In 2020, the interest rate marketization reform continued to advance, the conversion of the pricing benchmark of existing floating interest rate loans was successfully completed as scheduled, the dividend of interest rate reform continued to be released, the transmission efficiency of monetary policy was enhanced, and the interest rate of corporate loans was significantly reduced. At the end of 2020, the weighted average interest rate of corporate loans nationwide was 4.61%, down by 0.51 percentage point from the end of last year, the lowest level since statistics were available in 2015. At the same time, the financial system did everything possible to reduce the financing costs of enterprises and successfully achieved the goal of making profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy.

　　Fourth, the financial support for the "three major battles" has achieved remarkable results. In 2020, the battle to prevent and resolve financial risks has achieved important milestones. P2P platforms have all been cleared, various high-risk financial institutions have been disposed of in an orderly manner, the scale of shadow banking has been reduced, the risks of asset management products have obviously converged, and the nesting of inter-bank associations has been continuously reduced. At the same time, the People’s Bank of China resolutely supports winning the battle against poverty. In the past five years, the poverty-stricken population and industrial precision poverty alleviation loans have accumulated more than 6.5 trillion yuan, benefiting more than 90 million poor people and helping all poverty-stricken counties to remove their hats. In recent years, the People’s Bank of China has supported green development and ecological civilization construction through green finance, which has been widely praised by the international community. At present, the balance of green credit in China ranks first in the world, and the stock scale of green bonds ranks second in the world.

　　In 2020, in order to help China’s real economy, especially small and micro enterprises, reduce the serious impact and impact of the epidemic, the People’s Bank of China will also guide the financial system to make profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy through measures such as lowering interest rates, reducing fees, and delaying the repayment of principal and interest.

　　At the same time, four policies and measures have been introduced to support the financing and stable development of small and micro enterprises: First, two monetary policy tools that go directly to the real economy have been innovated, and the central bank’s funds have been used to encourage banks to extend loans to small and micro enterprises, so as to substantially increase the supply of credit loans. The second is to increase inclusive policy support for small and micro enterprises in key areas. The third is to improve the financial service capabilities of commercial banks’ own small and micro enterprises. The fourth is to give play to the policy synergy of "several promotion" and improve monetary, regulatory, fiscal and taxation and external policy incentives. Last year, the financing of small and micro enterprises achieved remarkable results of "volume increase, price decrease and area expansion". By the end of the year, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprises was 15.1 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 30%. In 2020, 32.28 million business entities were supported, an increase of 5.24 million over the previous year.

　　Chen Yulu said that in 2021, a prudent monetary policy will be more flexible, accurate, reasonable and moderate, and will continue to maintain the necessary support for economic recovery.