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From science to science fiction, and then from science fiction to science, this collision between literary and artistic works and science and technology has created countless surprises. The national team of scientists escorted the domestic sci-fi movies to the world and sounded their horns. In this process, they also spread the seeds of science to a larger audience. This is a great attempt for China’s film and television industry and popular science.

"Does cosmic flicker really exist?" "Is digital life feasible?" "If a day becomes 60 hours, how many hours do we have to work?" … …

The audience who are still immersed in the domestic sci-fi movies such as Wandering Earth 2 and TV series Three-body, after two brushes and three brushes, are continuously shocked by the grand and complete world view shown in the film and begin to stare at the starry sky overhead. They gave many questions about astronomy, physics, artificial intelligence, chemical materials and other disciplines to the scientific advisers of the two works.

With the same expectations as the audience, Workers Daily interviewed four scientists from China Academy of Sciences who tailored the world outlook for domestic science fiction: Gou Lijun, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory, Wei Hongxiang and Liang Wenjie, a researcher at the Institute of Physics, and Wang Yuanzhuo, a researcher at the Institute of Computing Technology.

From formula to screen

The reason why Wandering Earth 2 and Three-body are defined as milestones of domestic science fiction is that they have a huge and complete world outlook (the general views and opinions of the film on the whole world and the relationship between people and the world).

Whether it is the big ideas of "exploding the moon", "digital life", "space elevator" and "guzheng action", or the dense formulas that exist as background boards in Wei Cheng’s room on the wall of Tu Hengyu, they are supported by scientific consultants.

It is understood that "Wandering Earth 2" hired 19 experts from various fields to form a scientific advisory group, which made detailed settings for the world view of the film. The whole script is 70,000 words, but the world view behind it is over 200,000 words. During the seven-year preparation and shooting of the drama "Three-body", 60 or 70 scientific consultants have joined it.

As a fresh force of domestic science fiction, "scientific consultant" is the first time for the film and television industry and the first time for the group of scientists. They not only created a new world in their works, but also created a new pattern of domestic science fiction industry.

Wang Yuanzhuo contributed the plot line of "People in the Loop" to Wandering Earth 2. "We can’t demand that the scientific knowledge in science fiction movies is 100% accurate, which is a big premise." In his view, science and artistry need to find a balance point, so that the audience can be brought into the plot with "realism" and enjoy the beautiful impression brought by the wide opening of their brains.

"The setting of scientific knowledge that we know and have reached consensus, such as artificial intelligence, digital life and brain-computer interface, should be more professional. At the same time, it is reasonable to have a false desire for the future, at least at a set point in time. "

Under his design, the 550 series intelligent quantum computers in the film are very small and can even be taken to the moon with them, but they are extremely powerful and iterative. Its appearance and development also give the film a realistic basis for discussing digital life. This kind of imagination is not illusory, because from the current situation of the development of quantum computers and artificial intelligence, the audience can accept and understand without obstacles, and even think and explore further.

The most unforgettable thing for Liang Wenjie is the setting of the plot of bombing the moon. The original design of the script was to assemble all the nuclear bombs on the earth to blow up the moon, but the astrophysics group found that this was not feasible after calculation. But this plot must exist, so scientists began to collectively "burn their brains". After several rounds of discussions between the Astrophysics Group and the Theoretical Physics Group, the scheme of "phased array nuclear explosion on the moon" was formed, which perfectly balanced science, vision and plot.

The channel of branch and shadow fusion has been opened.

Liang Wenjie is the scientific consultant of Wandering Earth 2 and the drama version of Three-body. At the beginning, he had some doubts about being a scientific consultant. "If I just invited scientists to endorse it, I wouldn’t agree."

After these cooperations, he now has a sense of trust in the increasingly mature industrialization of domestic science fiction films. "The production team is very serious about the construction of the world outlook. Sometimes scientists think it is ok, but the production team is still constantly improving, and the final visual effect is also very shocking."

Wandering Earth 1, released in 2019, opened the door to domestic sci-fi movies, and also brought opportunities for integration between the film and television industry and the scientific community. In 2020, the National Film Bureau and the China Association for Science and Technology issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of Science Fiction Films" called "Ten Science Fiction Articles"; Subsequently, the National Film Administration and the China Association for Science and Technology took the lead in establishing a science advisory library for science fiction films, and hired a group of academicians of the two academies, authoritative experts and outstanding scientific and technological workers as experts in the scientific advisory library. At the end of 2020, the Chinese Popular Science Writers Association established a professional committee for the integration of science and film and television.

The four scientists interviewed by Workers Daily have interacted with sci-fi movies for a long time.

When Wandering Earth 1 was released, Wang Yuanzhuo drew a scientific explanation map by hand in order to popularize the knowledge points in the film for his daughter. In order to preserve it better, he posted it in his Weibo, but he didn’t expect to get 150 million readings.

Gou Lijun came into contact with the concept of "scientific consultant" earlier. In 2014, Interstellar was released. As a researcher, he was greatly shocked and excited by the sci-fi worldview with black holes, wormholes and gravitational waves as clues. Kip Thorne, a scientific consultant and physicist who learned about the film, also wrote a popular science book with the same name to introduce the scientific story behind the film. Gou Lijun wrote an email to the later Nobel Prize winner overnight, eager to translate the book. Finally, the professional fan’s wish came true. Gou Lijun, who is in his 40 s, talks about this experience and still has stars in his eyes.

"Before the release of Wandering Earth 1, I went to see the film. At that time, there was no post-production. Many scenes we saw were still green scenes, which could only be explained by director Frant Gwo ‘Brain tonic’ . Even so, everyone is very excited, because we finally saw the start of domestic science fiction. "Gou Lijun recalled.

In addition to the deep participation of scientists, the scientific community also supports domestic sci-fi films, and even approved the crew to enter the particle collision center and the National Nanoscience Center for live shooting for the first time.

Reaction of science fiction works

In bilibili, where young people gather, the "Second Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences" has a huge number of fans. Wei Hongxiang, as the main contributor, believes that it is because he has found a way to communicate with young people.

"More than half of the fans are high school students." Wei Hongxiang has been doing popular science for teenagers for more than ten years. Recently, he found that more and more teenagers expressed their ideal of becoming scientists.

In his view, science, popular science and science fiction have a mutually reinforcing relationship. Popular science is to let everyone understand scientific concepts and principles. Science fiction, on the other hand, makes more people think about bigger and more future problems. It strives for more people’s recognition and understanding for some major events related to the future of mankind, and unites more people to work together to solve and overcome them.

"Science fiction works can bring people a kind of inner strength. When you have no confidence in yourself or are confused about the future, he will guide you to think and act." Wei Hongxiang said.

"Our scientific planning in reality is usually three or five years, and we rarely look at today’s work from the perspective of the next few decades. When we look at the current research from the perspective of science fiction, there will be many new ideas. " Wang Yuanzhuo said.

Gou Lijun recalled that the most important thing for him to become a "stargazer" was to read the science fiction magazine UFO Exploration in his youth. Today, what scientists want to do is to make more people love and yearn for science with the help of science fiction fever.

"Science fiction movies are an important way for popular science and scientific research to face more people. At the same time, through the presentation of sci-fi literary works, the direction of research and exploration in the scientific field will be paid more attention to by more people, which is also very important for scientific research itself. " Liang Wenjie said.

Innovation is the driving force of urban development. Kaiwu Innovation Building, located in the west of Hangzhou, is a Class A office building with innovative temperament. It was developed by Xihu Investment, a veteran state-owned enterprise in Xihu District, Hangzhou, and Hangzhou Vanke. It took four years to design and build, and finally completed this "new landmark" like mortise and tenon.

Let’s talk specifically, where is it "new"?

Real-life map of Kaiwu Innovation Building

Part01.

Like a building block, break the conventional shape.

This is a building that pays attention to the integration of meaning and form.

On the one hand, its appearance is highly recognizable, and it is not a common "glass box" style. From a distance, it looks like a patchwork of building blocks, and it looks like a mortise and tenon of a traditional building. Through the mutual engagement of parts, it forms a solid whole. The name "Kaiwu" comes from the first encyclopedia in ancient China, Tiangong Kaiwu, hoping to borrow old things to tell new things and "connect" cities, regions and people with one building.

Although it is not the "highest, largest and most expensive" emphasized by general landmarks, it is impressive with its unique and lively urban expression.

Tenon-mortise principle

Architectural concept map

The real-life map of Kaiwu Innovation Building looks like a traditional mortise and tenon in China.

On the other hand, behind the appearance is an insight into the "office trend" and a reflection on "efficiency and humanity". The scattered space forms can meet the needs of enterprises of different scales and stages, increase the line of sight between indoor space and outdoor environment, and create an open space with a sense of leisure. This can not only make employees full of energy at work, but also feel the fun of city life after work.

Ancient wisdom and modern life have completed a new exchange.

Strong visual tension is formed through the deconstruction and reorganization of the volume.

Night view of the building.

The details of the facade are real, and the light gray metal is quite textured.

Part02.

Like a plug-in, integrate into the operation of the city.

This is a building that "merges into the city".

If the city is regarded as an operating system, the information can be transmitted quickly through the connection of traffic. The building is adjacent to the exit of Xialongwei Station of Metro Line 2, about 500 meters away from Sanba Station. Shi Xiang Road connects Liushi Expressway to run through the east and west of Hangzhou, and Zijingang Road connects Zizhi Tunnel to the south to reach Binjiang and Zhijiang Zhuantang. In addition, the building overlooks the Zijin Campus of Zhejiang University, is opposite to the Cambridge Commune, and is about 800 meters away from the Grand Canal Park. Its walking environment is relatively mature.

Location analysis map, for reference only.

The building is open to the city, and entrances and exits are set in different directions. The vacant east square can accept the people flow from the nearby subway station and commercial center, and there is a basement entrance and bicycle parking space conspicuously. Although the south boundary is close to the main road of Shenhua Road, it broadens the site scale and strengthens the interaction between the building and the city through the "concave" urban stairs and platforms. In addition, for municipal reasons, a three-dimensional social parking lot has been built within the plot to make parking more convenient and free.

The streamline analysis diagram of Kaiwu Innovation Building is for reference only.

The floor plan of Kaiwu Innovation Building is for reference only. For municipal reasons, a three-dimensional parking lot has been built within the plot to make parking more convenient and free.

Part03.

Like a park, it provides moderate openness.

Another highlight is that it provides an open space for daily life in series.

At present, in addition to salary, employees pay more and more attention to the soft benefits provided by office space, so social attributes and flexibility are the key to future office work. The future office is no longer a fixed station, but a place that should stimulate team creativity and strengthen team cooperation, and it is also a community where employees socialize daily.

A real view of the atrium, looking from the north side to the south side.

Atrium plane area (looking down from the fifth floor office)

Different from the compact and serious planning of general office buildings with less green space, Kaiwu Innovation Building hollows out a large area of gray space, and comprehensively creates multiple office spaces such as shared large steps, terraces, balconies, accessible roofs and landscape office boxes. 1-4F of the building is an external vitality sharing floor, which extends from work to coffee, retail, social interaction, leisure and other formats, thus bringing "full-scene office" service to the settled enterprises and forming a harmonious atmosphere with the surrounding campus and residential areas.

The real-life map of open space provides more possibilities: office is no longer limited to indoor and office function itself.

AaaM, the construction team, has planted multi-level greening and leisure space in the previous loft49 office project. This time, the sharing step draws on The Commons, the commercial benchmark of Thai communities, to create a pleasant and amiable office community atmosphere.

Through the 1-4F layer-by-layer concession, the building creates an upward momentum, arouses people’s enthusiasm for actively approaching the building, and also forms an organic effect of gradual infiltration of urban landscape. The building uses steps and platforms to expand the area of outdoor space and carry rich daily functions such as transportation, sightseeing, rest and temporary office.

This design technique also enhances the externality of "non-first-floor business", and can also increase the appeal of its catering by swinging outward. Because the platform is large enough and covered by the roof, it will not affect the use even in midsummer or rainy season, and provide support for enterprises to hold various exhibitions and activities.

The gray space here is creating an atmosphere of "communion". Plants everywhere bring a natural atmosphere, and chairs with various postures provide a rich sense of body. White-collar workers can wander on the steps at noon or after work to relax their body and mind; Visitors can buy a cup of coffee, lean over the road and feel the sunshine kiss; Students and residents nearby can also participate in activities in the park freely, watch exhibitions, lectures and performances, and enjoy the benefits brought by urban development.

Sharing big steps and infiltrating greening

2F Real-life map of shared platform

4F Real-life map of shared platform

In low-rise buildings, the facade of shops, the floor of platforms, and even furniture sketches are mostly in light and dark pixel plaid language, but through the change of size and proportion, a sense of hierarchy is made in unity, creating a modern and fashionable urban temperament.

The inner wall of the atrium is made of orange grille material, which contrasts with the light-colored city facade and outlines the outline of the core. Here, enterprises can get complete supporting support, employees can relax after work, Zhejiang University students and surrounding residents can naturally step into the venue, and finally form a lively and warm community.

Inner wall of atrium with red-brown grille

Part04.

Like a college, promote the birth of creativity.

The design team told us that this place can be regarded as a "creative school".

The interior of the building is as vivid as the exterior. The design team hopes that this is a diverse and inclusive place, so the project has broken through the setting of "standard floor" and inspired creative inspiration from the diverse space. According to the plan, 1-3F here is for shops & small and medium-sized enterprises, 3-9F is for small and medium-sized enterprises, and 10-14F is for headquarters office. Each floor is not the same, so that each enterprise can have its own "exclusive personality space". How exactly is this achieved?

The building provides a 270-degree wide view through four landscape office boxes; In general office buildings, enterprises will be separated by "floors", but the high atrium strengthens the lighting and creates the possibility of eye contact; By providing planes with different areas, enterprises with different scales and development stages can be satisfied, forming a diversified enterprise composition; Some floors have also set up balcony space, that is, "Zhejiang University Observatory", which gives people positive psychological hints. Even the outdoor platform of 3F can be linked indoors, for example, providing the possibility of outdoor teaching for dance training institutions.

Left: bottom view of shared atrium; Right: landscape office box view.

Real-life map of Zhejiang University Observatory

Each floor plan is different. Examples of plans of 8F and 12F.

And architecture and space itself have also become the media of creativity. In addition to architects, designers of different categories, such as landscape, interior and vision, also use the same design language throughout, so that the "tenon and mortise elements" can be implemented on the scale of closeness and walking, and creativity can be perceived through daily behavior. The light gray large steps are embedded with wood materials with a more temperature sense, and the tenon-mortise style is continued. Even the square floor and indoor and outdoor signs are inspired by tenon-mortise elements.

Left: steps of mortise and tenon elements; Right: the floor of mortise and tenon elements.

Identification of mortise and tenon elements

Here, from the beginning, we must break through the convention and implant creativity into our daily experience.

Part05.

Like instruments, every place is ingenious.

After more than 1500 days and nights of polishing, Kaiwu Innovation Building looks like a precision instrument that can be turned on at any time. In order to put innovation into every detail, different types of work such as architecture, landscape, structure, equipment, construction and operation work together.

Night view map

For example, overcoming construction difficulties: the largest single glass weighs 1.5 tons and its size is 1.8m×9m, which is three times that of conventional glass; There are many twists and turns in the facade, and the grille is irregular. There are more than 140 installation process detail nodes in total. Reduce building energy consumption: The vertical sunshade member used in the east and west facades rotates at 45 degrees, and the interlayer aluminum plate with horizontal angle can control the sun angle. At the same time, the integrated window system is adopted to reduce the overall energy consumption. Innovative floodlight design: use the indoor self-contained lighting, through ultra-white glass (high transmittance, but low ultraviolet transmittance, common in high-end office and business), showing the effect of luminous box from the inside out.

Kaiwu Innovation Building raises the lobby by about 9.6 meters to match the gas field of the corporate headquarters; Equipped with 3+1 Hitachi brand elevators, vertical commuting efficiency; About 4 meters high office standard, the scale is open and free to stretch; VRF air conditioning+fresh air system is adopted to ensure the permanent health of the office environment; About 10CM grid floor is convenient for the secondary decoration of enterprises, and the pipe arrangement and wiring are more free.

The building also hired Wanwu Lianghang, which was jointly established by Vanke Property and dtz Qiangqiang, to provide 7×24H professional commercial property services for the settled enterprises.

Real-life map of lobby

It is not difficult to find that the "new landmark" interpreted by Kaiwu Innovation Building does not stop at one or two design highlights, but innovates from the aspects of urban trends, application scenarios and low-carbon technologies, and creates a comprehensive office project with a focus on the present and a more future-oriented perspective through comprehensive upgrading of concepts, planning, space and services. In the future, the building will give play to the power of new standards in the form of innovation, connect the innovative people, resources and formats of the city, and promote the development of the region and the city.

Article source: AssBook design canteen

Our reporter Chen Jingbin reports from Guangzhou.

Recently, Xpeng Motors released its financial report for the fourth quarter and the whole year of 2023, showing that the company’s revenue in the fourth quarter reached 13.05 billion yuan, up 154% year-on-year, and its net loss was 1.348 billion yuan, down 42.9% year-on-year, and its gross profit margin increased to 4.1%.

However, for the whole year, although Xpeng Motors’s revenue increased by 14.2% to 30.68 billion yuan,The net loss expanded to 10.38 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6% compared with 2022.The gross profit margin for the whole year was -1.6%.

The reporter of China Business News learned from an interview in Xpeng Motors that Xpeng Motors’s gross profit improved to 6.2% in the fourth quarter through platform-based R&D and technology cost reduction, and its net loss narrowed year-on-year. The company plans to further increase the gross profit margin through scale effect and supply chain optimization in the future.

He Xiaopeng, director and CEO of Xpeng Motors, said that the delivery volume of Xpeng Motors increased quarter by quarter in 2023, surpassing 60,000 vehicles in the fourth quarter, and plans to launch more than 10 new models in the next three years, aiming at popularizing advanced autonomous driving technology and expanding the global market.

Nevertheless, Xpeng Motors’s sales in 2023 failed to reach the target of 200,000 vehicles, and only 70% of them were completed. In addition, the sales volume of Tucki P7, the main model, dropped significantly in January and February 2024, and the sales volume of Tucki G6, the new model, also dropped. Tucki X9, which has the highest sales volume, sold 1,448 vehicles in the same period, while the sales of P5, G3 and G9 were not satisfactory.

The net loss expanded to 10.38 billion yuan.

In 2023, Xpeng Motors’s financial situation experienced ups and downs, especially in the fourth quarter, there were some signs of improvement, but the overall situation was still under pressure.

This year, Xpeng Motors’s automobile gross profit margin experienced a process from negative to positive, reaching 4.1% in the fourth quarter, which was significantly improved compared with -6.1% in the third quarter. howeverFor the whole year, the gross profit rate of automobiles in Xpeng Motors is -1.6%, which shows an obvious downward trend compared with 9.4% in 2022..

Xpeng Motors also made decisive "changes" in this year to boost sales and improve its financial situation.

In order to impact the year-end sales, Xpeng Motors implemented discounts and preferential policies for its models. These measures, together with the adjustment of sales structure, such as the increase in the sales share of Tucki G9 with higher unit price and the reduction of bicycle cost, have jointly promoted the improvement of gross profit margin. Tucki G9, in particular, increased its sales share in the fourth quarter from 7% in the third quarter to 26%, which had a positive impact on the overall sales structure.

In terms of cost control, Xpeng Motors has also achieved certain results. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the cost of bicycles decreased by 11,000 yuan, reaching 191,000 yuan. This reduction is due to the implementation of technical cost reduction and the continuous downward trend of lithium carbonate price, which effectively controls the natural cost of vehicles.

Xpeng Motors’s organizational structure adjustment and business strategy optimization are also important factors to improve its financial situation. Since October 2022, Xpeng Motors has made a series of adjustments, including streamlining SKUs, optimizing sales theaters, merging inefficient stores and purchasing strategies. Especially after Wang Fengying joined the company as the president, these measures were further strengthened.

In terms of human resources, Xpeng Motors has also been optimized.In 2023, the total number of employees decreased from 15,829 to 13,550, and the number of R&D personnel also decreased from 6,313 to 5,401.At the same time, the growth of R&D expenditure has also been controlled, with an increase of only 1.2%.

Although Xpeng Motors has taken many measures to improve its financial situation, it still faces certain challenges.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the company’s net loss was 1.35 billion yuan. Although it decreased compared with 2.36 billion yuan in the same period of last year and 3.89 billion yuan in the previous quarter, it still showed a loss as a whole. The annual net loss was 10.38 billion yuan, an increase from 9.14 billion yuan in 2022.

In terms of sales volume, Xpeng Motors also failed to achieve the set target.In 2023, the company originally planned to deliver 200,000 cars, but only 70% of them were actually completed.In terms of vehicle models, the sales of Tucki P7 and G6 dropped significantly in early 2024, while the sales of the new model Tucki X9 were relatively good, but overall, Xpeng Motors’s performance in the market still needs to be further improved.

In addition, at the beginning of January this year, the retail sales of Tucki P7 in February were only 836 vehicles, and in January, there was a decline in the waist-cutting level; Tucki G6 also experienced a considerable month-on-month decline from the first month, with sales of only 1,161 vehicles in February. The highest sales volume is the new model Tucki X9, with a sales volume of 1,448 vehicles in the same period. The remaining Tucki P5 is 213 vehicles and G3 is as low as 26 vehicles. The sales volume of G9 is acceptable, but it is only 861 vehicles.

Zhan Junhao, the founder of Fujian Huace Brand Positioning Consulting, analyzed the multiple reasons why Xpeng Motors’s sales failed to meet expectations in an interview. He pointed out that,In addition to the pressure brought to Xpeng Motors by the market performance of competitors such as Huawei, BYD and Tesla,Xpeng Motors also has problems in product positioning, marketing, cost control and supply chain management..

Zhan Junhao mentioned that Xpeng Motors may not be able to accurately grasp the consumer demand in product positioning, and the strength and effect of marketing are insufficient, resulting in limited brand influence. At the same time, high R&D and production costs affect the competitiveness of product prices. Problems in supply chain management, such as unstable supply of raw materials and low production efficiency, have also had a negative impact on sales.

Regarding the expansion of Xpeng Motors’s net loss in 2023, Zhan Junhao thinks that this will have a negative impact on the company’s development. The increase of capital pressure may affect R&D, marketing and capacity expansion, while the decrease of investor confidence may affect the stock price and financing ability, while sustained losses may lead to the decline of market competitiveness and make it difficult to compete with competitors.

How to break the game under the double pressure of performance and sales?

Faced with the double pressure of performance and sales in 2023, Xpeng Motors has clearly recognized the seriousness of the problem and started to take a series of measures to meet the challenges.

Xpeng Motors made it clear that in the context of increasingly fierce competition in China’s automobile industry, it is the key to realize profitability and sustainable development to scale up and reduce operating costs through smart driving technology.

Gu Hongdi, honorary vice chairman and co-president of Xpeng Motors, told reporters that the company’s technical cost reduction and business improvement plan have achieved initial results, and the gross profit margin of automobiles increased by about 10 percentage points in the fourth quarter. Besides,Xpeng Motors’s cash in hand at the end of 2023 exceeded 45 billion yuan, which provided a solid financial guarantee for the company to achieve high-quality and high-speed growth in the fierce market competition..

In order to further reduce costs and improve efficiency, Xpeng Motors introduced SEPA 2.0 in 2023. This new architecture integrates the intelligent system, powertrain and vehicle platform into a unified intelligent platform, which realizes the maximum common sharing among vehicles. This platform-based R&D strategy not only helps to reduce supply chain and manufacturing costs, but also accelerates the company’s goal of reducing BOM cost by 25% by the end of 2024, and significantly improves the efficiency of R&D iteration.

In terms of sales network, Xpeng Motors has carried out a new round of channel upgrade through "Jupiter Plan". In 2023, the company introduced more than 160 excellent dealer partners, covering 40 low-tier cities. These adjustments not only improve the ability of sales channels, but also are expected to bring significant contributions to sales from the second quarter of 2024.

He Xiaopeng said at the performance conference that Xpeng Motors will start an innovative dealer cooperation model from the second quarter of 2024. This model will accelerate the delivery speed of terminals by establishing channel inventory for about half a month, and fully activate the enthusiasm of dealers, thus effectively increasing sales. At the same time, the company will strictly control the inventory level through the system and monitoring mechanism, and implement a unified national price strategy to avoid the disadvantages of the traditional dealer sales model.

Besides,Xpeng Motors also plans to accelerate the sinking of channels, and it is estimated that the total number of sales stores will increase to 600 in the third quarter of 2024.. This expansion and transformation will be a key part of Xpeng Motors’s sales growth strategy.

In terms of product iteration, Xpeng Motors’s new products also show strong market competitiveness. Taking Tucki X9 as an example, this newly-launched pure electric MPV model delivered nearly 4,000 vehicles in just two months, and continued to lead the market of pure electric MPV and pure electric three-seat models. The company expects that X9′ s sales in March and April will increase significantly from the previous month.

Nevertheless, in the face of intensified competition in the automobile market, Xpeng Motors is still under a lot of pressure. Can He Xiaopeng save the situation and give the capital market a satisfactory answer? As the first batch of "survivors" who built cars, the survival and development of Xpeng Motors is of typical significance.

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　　CCTV News:At 8 o’clock every day, CCTV will sort out the big and small things that happened around us within 24 hours.

　　[Follow] Exposure! The rectification plan of environmental protection inspectors in Taiyuan, Shanxi and other places is copied.

　　The Second Inspector Group of Ecological Environmental Protection of the Central Committee inspected the waste residue storage on the banks of Xiaohe River in Taiyuan City.

　　On the 6th, the Second Ecological Environmental Protection Inspector Group of the Central Committee revealed that many places in Shanxi Province paid insufficient attention to the rectification work of the Central Environmental Protection Inspector, and the rectification plan was copied, and the formalism problem was outstanding.

　　Inspector’s rectification plan is a local document to promote the implementation of the first round of rectification of problems found by central environmental protection inspectors, and it is the basis and premise for solidly carrying out inspector rectification. However, in November 2018, the inspector group conducted a "look back" on Shanxi Province and found that some places did not implement the feedback from the central environmental protection inspector and the requirements of Shanxi Province’s rectification plan. Changzhi, Datong, Linfen, Taiyuan, Jinzhong and other cities copied the rectification plan seriously, and the formalism problem was prominent, which affected the implementation of the rectification work.

　　The inspector group pointed out that Shanxi Province failed to guide, supervise and inspect the rectification work of local inspectors; Taiyuan and other cities have not paid enough attention to the inspector’s rectification, perfunctory response, copying the rectification plan, and the problem of formalism is prominent, even just "shouting slogans" and "brushing slogans", without paying attention to implementation and landing, and dereliction of duty is obvious.

　　[domestic]

　　The Ministry of Foreign Affairs responded to the "next round of Sino-US economic and trade consultations": the Chinese team is preparing to go to the United States for consultations.

　　On the 6th, Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Geng Shuang responded at a regular press conference that the US threatened to impose tariffs on China’s products. Similar situations have occurred many times before. I hope that the US and China will make joint efforts and move in the opposite direction. In addition, the Chinese team is preparing to go to the United States for consultations.

　　The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has rectified the work style: put an end to "squatting, squatting and squatting" counters.

　　According to the website of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, in recent days, the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security has made special arrangements, focusing on streamlining certification materials, reducing queuing time, compressing the time limit for completion, strict work discipline, optimizing service facilities, and unblocking the service hotline. In six aspects, special promotion actions were carried out. The Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security requires that facilities be facilitated, service window design standards should be implemented, and "squatting, squatting and squatting" counters should be eliminated, and insulating glass should not be set in new construction or renovation; Eating snacks, speculating in stocks, playing games, chatting on posts, online shopping, fitness and entertainment are prohibited during work.

　　The three departments started the export of used cars, and the first batch of 10 provinces and cities such as Beijing opened.

　　According to the website of the Ministry of Commerce, on the morning of May 5, the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security and the General Administration of Customs jointly held a special conference on the export of used cars, officially launching the export of used cars. At present, the first batch of used car export areas are 10 provinces and cities including Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Zhejiang (Taizhou), Shandong (Jining), Guangdong, Sichuan (Chengdu), Shaanxi (Xi ‘an), Qingdao and Xiamen.

　　NDRC’s response: Relaxing settlement does not mean relaxing real estate regulation.　

　　Chen Yajun, director of the Development Strategy and Planning Department of the National Development and Reform Commission, said on the 6th that there must be no selective settlement. Relaxing the settlement does not mean relaxing the regulation of real estate, nor does it mean giving up the policy on the population due to the city.

　　The Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Establishing and Perfecting the System, Mechanism and Policy System of Urban-Rural Integration Development released on the 5th proposed to deepen the reform of household registration system effectively and orderly, and to relax the restrictions on urban settlement except for a few megacities.

　　The data shows that by the end of 2018, there were still 226 million agricultural migrants who had become permanent residents in cities and towns but had not settled in cities, of which 65% were located in cities above the prefecture level, basically big cities.

　　The central bank lowered the deposit reserve ratio of small and medium-sized banks and released long-term funds of 280 billion yuan.

　　Yesterday morning, the central bank announced that it decided to implement a lower preferential deposit reserve ratio for small and medium-sized banks focusing on local areas and serving counties from May 15, 2019. About 1,000 county-level rural commercial banks can enjoy this preferential policy, releasing long-term funds of about 280 billion yuan, all of which are used to issue loans to private and small and micro enterprises.

　　More than a thousand people put out a sudden mountain fire in Chengde, Hebei Province, which was caused by setting off firecrackers.

　　At 10 o’clock on May 6, a forest fire broke out in Pingquan County, Chengde City, Hebei Province. As of 16: 45, the northwest line has been controlled, the fire is moderate, and it develops in the southeast direction. It is a downhill fire, which is generally controllable. The wind force at the fire site is northwest wind 3-4. At present, local fire rescue teams, local fire fighting teams, cadres and the masses have organized more than 1,000 people to participate in the fire fighting, and more than 500 people are on the way to reinforce. Fire fighters have deployed fire engines to stop forest fires from entering the village. Local police officers are transferring people and property, and there are no casualties. The cause of the fire was initially identified as firecrackers, and the perpetrators have been controlled by the local public security organs.

　　Report of 10 deaths and 12 injuries caused by Jinan Pharmaceutical Factory: Construction workers ignited flammable solids.

　　According to the website of the Emergency Management Department, the Emergency Management Department released the Notice on the "4 15" major fire poisoning accident of Shandong Jinan Qilu Tianhe Huishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. on the 6th. The Circular pointed out that the direct cause of the accident was that during the process of cutting the pipeline of the coolant water system with hot work in a confined space, toxic smoke such as nitrogen oxides was generated when the coolant corrosion inhibitor piled nearby was ignited, which led to the poisoning death and injury of the on-site personnel.

　　At about 15: 37 on April 15, 2019, Qilu Tianhe Huishi Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., located in Licheng District, Jinan City, Shandong Province, had a major accident during the renovation of the refrigerant water (ethylene glycol solution) system pipeline in the basement of the freeze-dried powder injection production workshop, resulting in 10 deaths and 12 minor injuries.

　　Zhang Nongke, General Manager of Beijing Environmental Sanitation Group, was dismissed.

　　According to the news from the Supervision Committee of the Beijing Municipal Commission for Discipline Inspection, Zhang Nongke, deputy secretary of the Party Committee and general manager of Beijing Environmental Sanitation Engineering Group Co., Ltd., is suspected of serious violation of the law and is currently undergoing disciplinary review and supervision investigation.

　　[international]

　　Russian Airlines forced to land on fire. The black box of the passenger plane has found the cause of the accident and is under investigation.

　　According to Sputnik’s report on the 6th, the black box of the Russian Su Huoyi Superjet 100 (SSJ-100) has been found, and the cause of the accident is under investigation.

　　On the afternoon of May 5, local time, a Russian Su Huoyi Superjet 100 burst into flames when it made an emergency landing at Moscow Sheremetyevo International Airport, killing 41 people, including 40 passengers including 2 children and a crew member.

　　A small plane crashed in northern Mexico, killing 14 people.

　　According to Mexican media reports on the 6th, the wreckage of the plane that disappeared in the northern Mexican state of Abela on the 5th has been found, killing 14 people on board. According to reports, all the people on board were Mexicans, including 11 passengers and 3 crew members. Passengers went to Las Vegas to watch a boxing match, but something happened on their way back to Mexico. At present, the specific cause of the accident is still under investigation. It is reported that the local weather conditions were not good at the time of the incident.

　　Trump: 100% support for Israel.

　　Trump Twitter screenshot

　　"The United States supports Israel 100% to protect its citizens." Recently, the Israeli military and Palestinian militants in the Gaza have been under constant fire, and US President Trump used such remarks on Twitter on the 6th to express his support for Israel.

　　According to "Russia Today" (RT) reported on the 6th, on the same day, Trump released two tweets in succession on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict in recent days, expressing support for Israel.

　　Regarding Trump’s statement, RT said that Trump directly ignored the Israeli use of force against the people of Gaza and the increasing number of casualties there.

　　According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict escalated on the 5th local time. According to Israeli military and Gaza officials, militants fired about 650 rockets into southern Israel, killing at least four civilians and injuring more than 70 others. Israeli air strikes on several militant strongholds in Gaza killed 19 Palestinians and injured more than 150.

　　On the 6th, RT reported that after two days of fierce confrontation, Hamas, a Palestinian armed group from the Gaza, and Israel reached a ceasefire agreement. There were casualties on both sides.

　　Boeing 737 MAX suffered a global grounding. Follow-up: Boeing admitted that there was something wrong with concealing its alarm.

　　Boeing Company said on the 5th that Boeing engineers discovered that the alarm system in the cockpit of Boeing 737 MAX had failed due to software problems as early as 2017, but it was not until the disaster of Egypt Airlines that Boeing executives learned of this situation.

　　An earthquake of magnitude 7.1 occurred in Morobe province of Papua New Guinea.

　　At 5: 19 Beijing time on May 7th (7: 19 local time on May 7th), an earthquake of magnitude 7.1 occurred in Morobe province, Papua New Guinea, with a focal depth of 130 kilometers. The epicenter was located at 6.96 degrees south latitude and 146.49 degrees east longitude.

　　Princess Megan successfully gave birth to a baby boy, Prince Harry announced good news.

　　Britain’s Prince Harry announced on the 6th that Megan had successfully given birth to her first child, a 7-pound, 3-ounce baby boy. According to the news, Megan and the baby are currently in a healthy state.

　　Society

　　Parents listen to enema therapy to reduce fever and shock caused by renal failure in 6-year-old girls.

　　A 6-year-old girl caught a cold and had a fever. Her mother listened to the enema therapy in a small clinic. But after 4 days of enema, the child suddenly became "unable to urinate" and was sent to Wuhan Children’s Hospital with shock symptoms. Fortunately, the girl got better in time and recovered and was discharged recently.

　　According to reports, the Department of Nephrology of Wuhan Children’s Hospital has treated such children many times. In the past, they were healthy, but suddenly had renal failure. When asked about the history of treatment, they all had the experience of enema, which is probably an important factor inducing renal failure. Wang Xiaowen, deputy director of the Department of Nephrology, Wuhan Children’s Hospital, reminded that the ingredients of enema are complex. If it is used excessively or wrongly, it will easily damage the delicate organs such as liver and kidney of children.

　　Changshu No.1 Hospital responded to "infusion of expired glucose to patients": it will be held accountable.

　　In response to complaints from patients’ families, the First People’s Hospital of Changshu City, Jiangsu Province injected the patient with Lega (sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and glucose injection) which was overdue for 5 months. Recently, Ye Hongwei, the vice president of the hospital involved, responded and found through investigation that the patient’s injected Lega injection was indeed overdue. After investigating the root cause, the hospital will hold the relevant personnel accountable.

　　"This is indeed an omission in our work, and once again express sincere apologies to patients and their families." Chen Bo, the legal representative of Changshu First People’s Hospital, said that the matter would be dealt with seriously.

　　The earliest discovery of 31 Qing Dynasty documents in wei county, Hebei Province was in the twenty-sixth year of Qianlong.

　　Recently, the staff of the cultural relics protection department in wei county, Hebei Province, found 31 Qing Dynasty documents in a villager’s home in Pangu Village of this county, and the earliest time for inscription was in the 26th year of Qianlong (AD 1761). Experts said that the discovery of these instruments is of great significance to the study of land system.

　　Heavy trust! Female traffic police holding a baby to direct traffic.　

　　At the fork of the Cultural Palace in Yuzhong District, Chongqing, a video of a female traffic policeman directing traffic while holding a baby has attracted much attention on the Internet. It turned out that Mr. Lu, who had an emergency stop, came to Chongqing to see a doctor with a 15-day-old baby, and his wife, who was confinement, was not at ease and followed him. On the way, my wife suddenly bled out. Mr. Lu saw Xiao Wei, a policeman of the traffic patrol detachment of Yuzhong District Branch of Chongqing Public Security Bureau, and quickly went up for help. Xiao Wei held the child and directed the traffic while holding the child. Twenty minutes later, Mr. Lu settled his wife in the hospital and hurried to pick up the children. He was very flustered. Xiao Wei and another policeman, Chen Yingyang, accompanied him to the hospital and helped Mr. Lu to complete all the admission procedures for the children in the hospital before leaving.

　　[Sports]

　　Zhu Ting won the finals MVP to help Wakif Bank win the championship 3-0.

　　In 2018-2019, the fifth round of the final of the Turkish Women’s Volleyball Super League began to compete. Wakif Bank, where China’s women’s volleyball player Zhu Ting is located, played well, and Duodianhua beat her old rival Isachibashi 3-0, winning the five major post-war defending titles successfully, which is also the 11th crown they won in the Turkish Super League. Zhu Ting scored 14 points in the first round, winning the MVP award of Tuchao again, and Zhu Ting drew a successful conclusion for the third season of studying abroad.

　　[face]

　　[Kong Tao] was awarded the title of Nigerian Chief at the age of 34.

　　After graduating from Beijing Jiaotong University in 2010, 34-year-old Kong Tao applied to China Civil Engineering Group and was sent to work in Nigeria. Kong Tao learned the local language, played a major role in the project construction, and also trained and managed local employees to help build local schools and football fields. In order to thank Kong Tao for his contribution, the Tuhuang in the Jiwa area of Abuja, the capital of Nigeria, awarded the title of "WAKILIN AYYUKA" to Kong Tao, and personally awarded him the certificate and scepter symbolizing the power of the chieftain, hoping that he would continue to serve as a bridge between the Chinese and Nepalese people.

　　[Zhou Yasong] 55-year-old mother and daughter study in the same school.　

　　Zhou Yasong is 55 years old this year. She and her 28-year-old daughter, You Wu, are full-time graduate students in the Conservatory of Music of Central China Normal University. Zhou Yasong said in an interview that if any doctoral supervisor of the Conservatory of Music is willing to take me after graduation, I am still willing to try my exams and continue my studies.

　　[Wei Shaolan] 99-year-old "comfort women" survivors died

　　On May 5, Wei Shaolan, a survivor of the Japanese "comfort women" system during World War II, died of illness at the age of 99. Wei Shaolan was born in 1920 in Lipu County, Guangxi. In the winter of 1944, 24-year-old Wei Shaolan was captured by the Japanese army and was devastated in the comfort station in Maling Town.

　　See you at 8 o’clock tomorrow!

　　Editor: Zhu Xinyu Dai Mengmeng

The "Wenjie Hotel" exploded, and the after-sales service of automobiles reached a new height.

Recently, "Wen Jie Hotel" exploded on social media and became a hot topic in the automobile circle and even in the consumer field. However, it is not a real hotel, but an interesting name for the customer service center in the world. Behind this nickname is the bold innovation in the field of automobile after-sales service and the eager response of consumers to high-quality service experience.

When you walk into the "Wenjie Hotel", you will see the service facilities comparable to star-rated hotels. Free buffet with a variety of dishes, including hot dishes, cold cuts, fruits and desserts, to meet the taste needs of different people; At the bar, coffee, juice, milk tea and other drinks are refilled indefinitely, providing car owners with a pleasant leisure time; In the rest area, massage chairs and children’s play areas are all available, and high-speed WiFi is fully covered, so that car owners can bid farewell to boredom while waiting for vehicle maintenance or repair. In addition, basic services such as free charging and fine car washing are also in place, and even some stores provide free painting services.

The explosion of "Wenjie Hotel" was not accidental, but accurately hit the pain point of traditional 4S shop service. In the past, when car owners went to 4S shops for maintenance, they often encountered problems such as long waiting time, cold attitude of staff and poor environment. The whole process was like suffering. Starting from the needs and feelings of car owners, the authorized center of the asking world uses "service combination boxing" to solve these problems one by one, and makes the after-sales service center a comfortable and warm place, so that car owners can feel respected and cared for.

In the new energy vehicle market, the phenomenon of product homogeneity is becoming more and more serious, and the gap between brands in hardware parameters such as cruising range and intelligent configuration is gradually narrowing. In this context, the appearance of "Wen Jie Hotel" marks the change of the competition track for car companies-from pure product competition to competition for user experience and emotional value. By improving the quality of after-sales service and providing cost-effective value-added services for car owners, Wenjie not only enhanced users’ goodwill and loyalty to the brand, but also successfully shaped a unique community culture of car owners, which stood out in the fierce market competition.

From the marketing point of view, "Wenjie Hotel" is also a successful example. Car owners spontaneously share their experience in the service center on social media, upload beautiful food photos and comfortable rest environment videos. These contents have their own communication attributes and become the most powerful publicity of the brand. Every shared car owner is like a walking billboard, which makes the brand image of the world more deeply rooted in people’s hearts. The effect of this word-of-mouth communication is far from that of traditional advertising.

Of course, the model of "Wen Jie Hotel" also faces some challenges. For example, how to balance service input and operating cost to ensure the sustainability of services; How to maintain the consistency of service standards in different regions and stores across the country; How to prevent some car owners from taking up public resources excessively … These are problems that need to be considered and solved by the industry and other car companies interested in emulating.

The explosion of "Wen Jie Hotel" has brought new enlightenment to the development of automobile industry: in today’s increasingly convergence of technology and products, only by truly taking users as the center, paying attention to users’ emotional needs and providing service experience beyond expectations can we win users’ favor and market recognition.

Source: online news/official media

　　Cctv news: @ Weibo, Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security, issued a document on May 2, saying that today is the fourth day of the "May 1" holiday, and all localities have begun to usher in the peak of holiday return. The traffic flow of national trunk roads is at a high level, and the traffic flow of expressways has reached a record high. Except for some sections that are congested and slowed down due to excessive traffic and scraping accidents, the traffic of national highways and national provincial highways is basically normal. As of 18: 00, there has been no long-term and large-scale traffic congestion, and no report has been received.

　　Local public security traffic control departments put the police force on the road to the maximum extent, strengthen road management and control, strengthen emergency response, strengthen publicity and tips, and make every effort to ensure the safe and smooth return traffic during the May 1 holiday. At the same time, combined with the characteristics of holiday traffic travel rules, the traffic conditions of expressways and national and provincial trunk roads are released in time through various media and channels to remind drivers to drive safely and civilized.

　　Tomorrow is the last day of the May Day holiday, and the return traffic will continue to run at a high level. According to the forecast of the Central Meteorological Observatory, there will be heavy rains in parts of Hebei, Shanxi, Jiangsu, Anhui, Jiangxi, Shandong, Henan, Hunan and other places in the next two days, and there will be heavy rains in the local area. The rainfall period is concentrated from the night of the 3 rd to the 4 th. The Traffic Management Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security reminds the majority of drivers and friends to pay close attention to the changes of weather conditions and choose the return time and route reasonably. When driving in rainy days, pay attention to controlling the speed, driving carefully, keeping a safe distance, and don’t drive at night, forcing lane changes, overcrowding and fatigue. In case of slow traffic or traffic accident in front, obey the command of the police, queue up in order and pass in turn, and do not jam or occupy the emergency lane.

　　Key points of investment

　　Investment suggestion: We believe that the international sugar fundamentals are changing. It is expected that the sugar industry will face a gap between production and demand in the 19/20 cropping season, and the price bottom has already appeared, and the future price is expected to rise; Domestic prices continue to hover around the cash cost of sugar factories, and the bottom area of domestic sugar prices has already appeared. It is suggested that the sugar cycle opportunities be laid out at the bottom, and the recommended targets are COFCO sugar industry, etc.

　　China is one of the earliest sugar-producing countries in the world and one of the largest sugar-producing countries. At present, China’s sugar production accounts for about 10% of the global output. At present, the distribution of sugar crops of china is "sweet in the south and sweet in the north", and the yield ratio of sugarcane sugar to beet sugar is about 15:1. In terms of sugar beet production, sugar beets are planted in all northern provinces, but mainly in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, which account for 85% of the national sugar beet production. From the perspective of sugarcane production, although all the southern provinces have sugarcane production, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong provinces occupy the top three positions in sugarcane production, and the total sugarcane production can reach 96% of the national sugarcane production. However, due to the poor natural conditions, the geological conditions of sugarcane planting in China are poor, and it is difficult to realize mechanized production; Extreme weather conditions are frequent, and natural disasters have a serious impact; In addition, there is a lack of advantages in agricultural land rent, labor cost and fertilizer and pesticide cost, so China’s sugar industry is temporarily at a disadvantage compared with Brazil, India, Australia and other major producing countries.

　　In terms of production, it is estimated that the national total output in the 18/19 cropping season will be 10.6 million tons, an increase of 2.8% compared with 10.31 million tons in the previous cropping season. We estimate that the sugar production in Guangxi, a sugarcane region, is about 6 million tons, accounting for about 57%. Yunnan is expected to produce about 1.7 million tons of sugar, accounting for about 16%; Guangdong is expected to produce 810,000 tons of sugar, accounting for about 8%. The estimated sugar production in Inner Mongolia in beet area is about 650,000 tons, accounting for about 6%. Xinjiang is expected to produce 560,000 tons of sugar, accounting for 5%. From the current policy and the background of sugarcane farmers’ planting income, it is expected that the purchase price of sugarcane will not change much; Benefiting from the construction of double high bases, the long-term planting area is expected to remain stable; Sugarcane seed regeneration is slow, sugar content is decreasing year by year, and the overall yield is expected to remain stable. Due to the downward cycle of sugar, the integration of sugar factories has increased, the concentration of industries has gradually increased, and the proportion of state-owned enterprises has increased.

　　In terms of consumption, it benefits from the development of population growth, income increase, urbanization and product diversification of the sugar industry itself. Since 2003, the total sugar consumption in China has increased from 9.1 million tons to 15 million tons, an increase of nearly 65%. In recent years, the output of all kinds of industrial food has increased steadily, and industrial consumption accounts for 70% of the sugar consumption structure in China. At the same time, the marginal substitution effect of starch sugar, high fructose corn syrup and other substitutes has been greatly weakened because of the narrowing of the price difference and the shrinking space for substitutes.

　　In terms of inventory, the old sugar carried forward this season is basically short-selling. The storage of sugar in the national reserve has an impact on the short-term trend, but then the market price will still return to the long-term trend. At present, it is more likely that the national reserve will leave the warehouse to balance the sugar smuggling gap. China is a major net importer of sugar in the world. Domestic sugar production mainly meets domestic consumption demand, and the annual export volume is much lower than the import volume. In addition, with the strengthening of control, smuggling has been significantly suppressed.

　　Core risk

　　Weather changes lead to large fluctuations in sugar production, and government policies affect sugar production and trade.

　　one

　　China: a big country in sugar production and sugar production.

　　Sugar production has a long history and has been developing continuously since the founding of the People’s Republic of China.

　　China is one of the earliest countries to make sugar in the world, and the earliest record of sugarcane cultivation is the Eastern Zhou Dynasty. Since sugarcane pulp was obtained from sugarcane in the Warring States Period, sugarcane cultivation has become increasingly prosperous, and sugarcane sugar-making technology has been gradually improved. After nearly a thousand years of development, a large-scale workshop-style sugar-making industry has been formed during the Tang and Song Dynasties. From the end of 18th century to the beginning of 19th century, the success of sugar beet greatly promoted the development of sugar industry, which directly led to the mechanization of sugar industry. In 1930s, there was an upsurge of mechanized sugar production in China, but the industrial system of mechanized sugar production was not formed, and the sugar industry was still in the handicraft stage.

　　After 1949, the sugar industry in Chinese mainland has been developing continuously, which has generally gone through three periods: the first stage was from 1949 to 1958, which was the first prosperous period in the history of sugar industry in China. The second stage was from 1959 to 1977, which was the wandering period of sugar production and construction in China. The third stage After the Third Plenary Session of the 11th CPC Central Committee in 1978, China’s sugar production and construction entered the most prosperous period in history. With the development of socialist market economy, since 1991, the sugar industry has realized the transition from planned economy to socialist market economy through the reform of sugar production, operation and management system. China has developed into one of the largest sugar producers in the world, second only to Brazil and India.

　　Due to poor congenital conditions, China’s sugar industry lacks competitiveness.

　　The natural conditions of sugarcane production in China are relatively poor, which is the most important factor restricting the competitiveness of sugarcane industry in China. First of all, from the geological conditions, China’s sugarcane planting geological conditions are poor, sugarcane areas are located in hilly red soil dry land of Guangxi and Yunnan, and it is difficult to realize mechanized production of large sugarcane fields. Nearly half of sugarcane production costs are labor costs. However, the level of mechanization in China is lower than that in Brazil and other countries, and the labor cost is higher than that in Brazil and other countries, which leads to the increase of planting cost. Secondly, from the perspective of climatic conditions, China’s sugarcane areas are located in the subtropical zone, and the climatic conditions are generally similar to those of the main sugarcane producing areas in the world, but extreme weather conditions occur frequently. Rainfall is unevenly distributed, and spring drought and autumn drought are common, sometimes affected by freezing disaster and wind disaster. Natural disasters have a serious impact on sugarcane production in China. In 2016, the production cost of sugarcane in China was 360-400 yuan/ton, compared with Brazil (134-158 yuan/ton), India (140-168 yuan/ton), Thailand (200-230 yuan/ton), the United States (214-227 yuan/ton) and Australia (214-227 yuan/ton).

　　In addition to the differences in natural conditions, compared with the major sugar producing countries in the world, in terms of farmland rent, the proportion of land cost produced by other major sugar cane except China is very low or even negligible; In terms of labor costs, the United States and Australia have high labor costs but high mechanization, while Brazil, India and Thailand have relatively low labor costs, so the labor cost advantage can be reflected; In other respects, the fertilizer, pesticide, cultivated land and harvesting cost of sugarcane planting in China are higher than those in other countries. Therefore, on the whole, China does not have the advantages of sugarcane cultivation.

　　The yield fluctuates periodically, and the distribution of sugar is "sweet in the south and sweet in the north"

　　The three-year ratoon characteristics of sugarcane make the domestic sugarcane planting area show the periodic characteristics of increasing production for three years and then decreasing production. In 2007/2008, the output of sugar in China reached the highest level in history, reaching 14.82 million tons, accounting for about 10% of the global output. It is estimated that the domestic sugar output will be 10.6 million tons in the 19/20 crop season.

　　Affected by climatic conditions, the distribution of sugar crops of china is "sweet in the south and sweet in the north". Sugarcane sugar industry is mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Fujian, Hainan, Sichuan and other places. Sugar beet industry is concentrated in Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Jilin, Xinjiang and other places. The yield ratio of sugarcane sugar to beet sugar is about 15:1.

　　According to the CASDE report, the receiving area of sugarcane and beet in the 18/19 cropping season was 1.243 million hectares and 234,000 hectares respectively, accounting for 84.16% and 15.84% respectively. The output of sugarcane sugar and beet sugar reached 9.28 million tons and 1.32 million tons, 85.55% and 12.45% respectively. The yield is dominated by sugarcane sugar.

　　In terms of sugarcane production, although all the southern provinces have sugarcane production, Guangxi, Yunnan and Guangdong undoubtedly occupy the top three positions in sugarcane production, and the total sugarcane production can reach 96% of the national sugarcane production.

　　From the perspective of sugar beet production, similar to the distribution of sugarcane production, sugar beets are planted in northern provinces, but mainly in Xinjiang and Inner Mongolia, and the sugar beet production in these two provinces accounts for 85% of the national sugar beet production.

　　2

　　Production: Expected yield in the 18/19 cropping season.

　　10.6 million tons.

　　Sugarcane: The planting area is relatively stable, and the yield per unit area is decreasing year by year.

　　Sugarcane acquisition: In the 18/19 cropping season, Guangxi purchased according to the 490 yuan/ton guidance price.

　　At present, the purchasing price of sugarcane is mainly set by the government. The purchasing price of sugarcane in Guangxi is 490 yuan/ton in the 18/19 cropping season, and it is priced in the market in the 19/20 cropping season. Although the sugar factory is willing to lower the purchasing price of sugarcane, it is expected that the purchasing price of sugarcane will not change much from the current policy and the planting income of sugarcane farmers. The first reason is that once the price of sugar cane falls, it will lead to a decrease in the willingness to plant. The decline in the purchase price of sugarcane will damage the interests of growers.

　　Planting substitution: planting other cash crops or building expressways.

　　At present, there are two main alternatives to sugarcane planting: one is to plant other crops, such as corn. The corn planting in Guangxi has reached 8.62 million mu, and the second largest crop except sugarcane has become corn. In addition, there are other crops such as citrus and bananas. The other is the construction that cannot be cultivated, such as the new expressway and high-speed rail, which will make the land unable to be cultivated.

　　But in the long run, the income from planting sugarcane is the best. The risks of sugarcane production are mainly production risk and market risk. The production risk is actually the smallest, because sugarcane has a stronger ability to cope with natural disasters. Although sugar cane likes water, moderate drought only reduces production to a certain extent and will not lead to extinction. Some crops need the supply of other things, which will lead to crop failure after natural disasters. In the past policy environment, sugarcane planting has better revenue sustainability, simpler planting and more secure sales.

　　Benefiting from the construction of double-high base, the long-term planting area is expected to remain stable.

　　The state should ensure the basic safety and self-sufficiency rate of important agricultural products through the construction of production protection zones for important agricultural products (000061). For sugar crops, the 15 million mu sugar crop production protection zones designated by Guangxi and Yunnan are all built according to this relatively high standard of farmland. With more than 10 million tons in these two provinces and more than 1 million tons produced by other provinces, the basic self-sufficiency rate can be maintained at more than 60%.

　　At present, the 5 million mu double-height base in Guangxi has basically been put into use, which can guarantee 30 million tons of sugarcane planting and 3.5 million tons of sugar production. If other scattered seeds are added, the total is more than 5 million tons. Therefore, even if the purchase price of sugarcane drops sharply in the future, the planting area will not drop sharply, because Guangxi experienced a relatively large decline before, and then the purchase price of sugarcane fell to 420 yuan/ton, and the sugar output remained at 5 million tons.

　　In Yunnan, sugarcane planting bases are mainly built in 21 counties (cities, districts) of 7 cities (states) including Lincang, Dehong, Baoshan, Pu ‘er, Yuxi, Wenshan and Xishuangbanna. The production capacity target is that by 2020, the planting area of sugar cane in Yunnan Province will be stable at 5 million mu; The output is stable at more than 24 million tons. Among them, 21 counties (cities, districts) have an area of 4 million mu and an output of 20 million tons. The output of 2 million mu core base is 12 million tons.

　　Yield per unit area: Sugarcane species update slowly, and sugar content decreases year by year.

　　The sugar factory is unable to provide new seeds at a loss. Usually, new seeds are provided by sugar factories, and sugarcane farmers cannot afford to buy new seeds. In the past two years, after a large number of losses in sugar factories, the support for sugarcane farmers has decreased, and there is no money to help sugarcane farmers buy seeds. Sugarcane farmers leave the original sugarcane for planting, cut off the top 50 cm, tie it up, put it in water, and put it in the ground in April next year to continue planting, thus saving the cost of buying seeds. This phenomenon is more common.

　　Due to the lack of sufficient financial support in sugar factories, sugarcane varieties are slowly updated, so the sugar content of sugarcane is decreasing year by year due to variety problems. The sugar content of sugarcane in the 2018/19 cropping season is low, and it needs 9 tons of sugarcane to make one ton of sugar. The highest sugar content is 12.3%, and most sugar contents are between 11.5% and 11.8%. The reason for the low sugar yield in recent two years is variety degradation. Although Shuanggao Base has improved many new varieties, such as Guitang 46, Guitang 42 and Yuetang 60, the old variety Taitang 22 and the new variety 136 are still the dominant varieties in Guangxi. The new variety 136 is tall, but it has low sugar content and is not wind-resistant. When the wind blows down, it will cost more to pick it up and cut it, and it is not drought-tolerant.

　　Therefore, the improvement of sugarcane varieties in Guangxi is more complicated, which is also the reason why the sugar yield does not rise and fall. This phenomenon has appeared for 2-3 years. There will be new varieties in the 19/20 cropping season, but the promotion strength remains to be questioned. The peak of planting is around Qingming in April and May, and the old seeds are still the main ones.

　　Sugar Factory: The integration has intensified, and the number of days to start work has been reduced.

　　Sugar refinery integration: downward cycle consolidation is intensified.

　　Due to the great difference in the capital situation between sugar factories, in the downward cycle of sugar prices, the general trend of the industry is concentration, the proportion of state-owned enterprises is rising sharply, and small enterprises are gradually disappearing.

　　Take Guangxi as an example: there were more than 100 sugar factories in Guangxi before, and the production capacity was seriously overcapacity. After several years of merger and reorganization, 80 were left, and the number will be reduced to 60 according to the wishes of the government next year, and the production capacity will gradually become saturated. In the last two crop seasons, there have been more and more cases of strong alliances between groups and large groups hosting small groups. The sugar factory carries out capacity integration through shutdown, merger and reorganization. At present, from Guangxi, the largest output is East Asia, the second largest is Guangzhou Sugar, and the third largest is Nanning Sugar (000911), which acquired British sugar. These are all state-owned companies. The fourth is South China, and the fifth is back to the state.

　　Start-up of sugar factory: reduce the cost by about 110 days.

　　At present, sugar mills usually open in December. Sugar mills mainly depend on the weather, and the start of squeezing is basically postponed to the season of high sugar and high squeezing, with the best temperature difference. Usually sugar factories close in March. In the case of no rain, the production line of the factory building in the cropping season is basically at full capacity.

　　A sugar factory in the harvest season can basically start for more than 100 to 110 days. Because the best effect is that the high sugar content of raw materials cannot be achieved within 120 days, which will increase the production cost. The best time for sugarcane harvesting is within 120 days. After 120 days, there will be invisible cost increase and low sugar content. This is the problem of sugarcane season. After April, when sugarcane germinates and grows, the sugar in sugarcane will be converted into glucose for bud growth, and the sugar in sugarcane will decrease, and the cost of pressing will increase.

　　Output forecast: It is estimated that the total national output in the 18/19 cropping season will be 10.6 million.

　　Affected by the recovery of planting area and the relatively stable yield per unit area, according to CASDW, the national total output in 18/19 cropping season is estimated to be 10.6 million tons, which is 2.8% higher than that in 17/18 cropping season. We estimate that the sugar production in Guangxi, a sugarcane region, is about 6 million tons, accounting for about 57%. Yunnan is expected to produce about 1.7 million tons of sugar, accounting for about 16%; Guangdong is expected to produce 810,000 tons of sugar, accounting for about 8%. The estimated sugar production in Inner Mongolia in beet area is about 650,000 tons, accounting for about 6%. Xinjiang is expected to produce 560,000 tons of sugar, accounting for 5%. In the 19/20 cropping season, the planting area is expected to be relatively stable, and the sugar output will also be stable around 10.6 million tons.

　　three

　　Consumption: a country with a large population, with a huge increase in consumption.

　　Consumption is on the rise.

　　China is a big sugar country. Since 2003, the total sugar consumption in China has increased from 9.1 million tons to 15 million tons, an increase of nearly 65%. On the one hand, it stems from the population growth in China, on the other hand, it also stems from the economic growth and the development of sugar industry. However, due to the growing concern for health, the growth rate of sugar consumption has slowed down in recent years. In the 2017/18 crop season, the total sugar consumption in China was 15 million tons, which was the same as that in the previous crop season.

　　Economic growth and urbanization promote sugar consumption

　　As a huge market with a population of 1.4 billion, China’s sugar consumption has reached the level of 15 million tons. Although the per capita consumption is small, the population base is large, and the per capita consumption, especially in rural areas, is increasing, so the total sugar consumption in China is increasing. On the one hand, although the growth rate of China’s economic aggregate has slowed down, it still maintains a growth rate of about 6.5%, and economic growth will promote the consumption of sugar; On the other hand, the improvement of urbanization level in China will also increase the growth of sugar consumption. There is a small amount of sugar in rural areas, and the sales of sugar can only be improved if they enter cities and towns and come into contact with industrial food. This trend should be obvious at present. Therefore, urbanization is a very important factor to promote sugar consumption. The improvement of living standards must be accompanied by changes in living habits.

　　Industrial consumption has steadily increased, and consumption shows seasonal laws.

　　Industrial consumption accounts for 70% of the sugar consumption structure in China, and direct consumption accounts for 30%. Industrial consumption mainly refers to the consumption of sugar for food processing, which is mainly divided into nine categories: carbonated drinks, cold drinks, quick-frozen foods, canned foods, sweets, biscuits, cakes, fruit juice drinks and dairy products. Among them, the proportion of sugar per unit weight of sweets is the highest, reaching 45%, followed by cakes, biscuits, cold drinks, quick-frozen foods and carbonated drinks, with the proportion of sugar per unit weight above 10%. Among them, carbonated drinks are due to their large output. The proportion of sugar per unit weight of fruit juice drinks is 8.5%, which is another "big sugar user"; The proportion of sugar per unit weight of canned food and dairy products is 5% and 3% respectively.

　　Among the nine categories of sugary foods, data from the National Bureau of Statistics show that the output of beverages, dairy products and canned foods has increased significantly in recent years. Among them, beverages have become the bulk of sugar consumption in the last two years.

　　In addition, the consumption of sugar such as fruit juice drinks and candy will show different seasonal characteristics, which leads to the seasonal characteristics of sugar demand. The seasonal characteristics of carbonated drinks consumption are obvious, and the annual output in June, July, August and September is obviously higher than that in other months. The peak of candy monthly output generally appears in winter every year, and the gap between high-yield and low-yield months is not significant. The monthly output of dairy products is relatively stable, and the peak usually appears in June, September or October. The seasonal characteristics of canned food consumption are relatively obvious, and the output in August and September each year can reach 150% of that in general months. The seasonal characteristics of frozen beverage output are the most regular, reaching the peak in summer every year, and then slowly decreasing until reaching the low point in winter, and the monthly output in summer is even twice that in winter.

　　The marginal substitution effect of substitutes is weakening.

　　Substitutes are the main products that affect the demand for sugar, but the substitution effect is gradually weakening at present, and starch sugar is the main substitute for sucrose. Starch sugar mainly includes fructose syrup, malt syrup, crystalline glucose, maltodextrin and other small varieties, among which fructose syrup is the peak sugar that mainly competes with white sugar. At present, 50% of sugary soft drinks contain starch sugar, 77% of sports functional drinks contain starch sugar, and 55% of juice drinks and flavored milk contain starch sugar, which basically realizes the complete substitution of fructose syrup for white sugar in carbonated drinks [2].

　　The low cost of high fructose corn syrup and the high price difference with white sugar are the important reasons for the remarkable substitution effect, and the narrowing of the price difference in recent years has also led to the weakening of substitution. After 2014, the price of white sugar has been rising all the way, while the price of high fructose corn syrup has decreased with the decrease of corn cost. The price difference between white sugar and high fructose corn syrup has climbed from 1000 yuan/ton to 4,500 yuan/ton, which greatly stimulated the substitution consumption of high fructose corn syrup for white sugar. At the same time, the production lines of high fructose corn syrup, malt syrup and glucose syrup can be easily transformed into each other. However, because the price difference has been greatly reduced, the corresponding substitution effect has also been greatly weakened.

　　four

　　Under the internal and external game, the inventory gradually declined.

　　Inventory declined, and the old sugar was basically sold short.

　　Due to the shortage of production and the fact that the sugar production is at the end of the increase cycle, the sugar inventory in China shows a downward trend. From November 1st of each year to October 31st of the following year, Guangxi is a whole crop season, and the old sugar carried forward from this crop season to the previous crop season is basically sold short. Guangxi’s inventory this year is basically empty, showing the phenomenon of selling sugar, and the main thing in the cropping season is to sell new sugar. There is little carry-over in the last two cropping seasons, especially in the 18/19 cropping season, and there is almost no carry-over.

　　At present, the sugar sales in the 18/19 crop season are just less than half. The practice of sugar factories is that there will be no cross-year inventory. On the one hand, it is the inventory problem. Carry-over sugar needs to be stored in the warehouse, which has a high storage cost, and once it is damaged, it is difficult to sell and the loss is great; On the other hand, although there is no mandatory shelf life for sugar, it is expected that the stored sugar will still meet the 1B standard in terms of physical and chemical indicators, but it is of low quality and difficult to sell in terms of sensory indicators.

　　National reserve: balancing the gap of smuggled sugar, the national reserve has a higher probability of leaving the warehouse.

　　The purpose of the national sugar reserve system is to ensure the healthy and stable development of China’s sugar industry, thus effectively protecting the interests of sugarcane farmers and sugar-making enterprises. The purpose of national sugar reserve is to weaken the influence of sugarcane production on the periodic fluctuation of sugar market through timely throughput, and to exert the efficiency of high leverage, and finally to achieve two policy objectives: to ensure the effective supply of sugar at a reasonable price and to protect the interests of sugar enterprises and sugarcane farmers in China. The overall national sugar storage is a macro-control of the sugar market by establishing a throughput regulation mechanism, establishing a new storage mechanism and formulating relevant policies.

　　Since the establishment of the national sugar reserve system, China’s national sugar reserve has remained above 1 million tons in most years. The national sugar storage inventory mainly comes from the finished sugar carried over from the previous year and imported raw sugar. In order to stabilize the supply, China and Cuba signed a long-term import agreement, importing 400,000 tons of raw sugar every year and directly entering the national reserve inventory. Recently, Pakistan has been allowed to export 300,000 tons of sugar to China, and Pakistan has exported 150,000 tons of sugar to China according to China’s tax-free preferential scheme.

　　However, at present, among the existing agricultural products, only the supply side of sugar has not been destocked, and we estimate that the national storage of sugar is about 7 million tons, so the pressure of sugar destocking is greater from the perspective of the competent authorities. The storage cost of sugar is relatively high. We estimate that the national storage cost of white sugar is more than 6,000 yuan/ton. Although the storage cost of raw sugar is low, after adding financial expenses, the national storage cost of sugar is expected to be close to 6,000 yuan/ton. Therefore, if it does not reach a price range, the loss will be great. Raw sugar is easier to keep, so it is more inclined to throw white sugar. In order to balance the gap caused by the reduction of smuggled sugar, the probability of national storage is high. However, considering the static inventory, the national sugar reserve can only export 2-3 million tons. In terms of dumping, it can be seen from the price chart that the long-term trend of sugar prices has not changed, and the short-term trend has changed, but then the market price still returns to the long-term trend.

　　There is a gap between production and demand in China, and China is a net importer of sugar.

　　China is a major net importer of sugar in the world. For a long time, domestic production of white sugar is generally low-quality white sugar, while international trade is mainly raw sugar and high-quality white sugar; On the other hand, due to the high cost, China’s sugar price is relatively high compared with the international price. Therefore, China’s sugar has no export advantage, and domestic sugar production mainly meets domestic consumption demand. The main import sources of sugar in China are Brazil, Thailand and Cuba, which account for about 90% of China’s total sugar imports.

　　Smuggling arbitrage space is large, and cracking down on smuggling has obvious effects.

　　Because of the huge profits of international sugar smuggling, smuggling is basically difficult to ban. Since 2014, smuggled sugar from Thailand, Pakistan, India and other countries has been sold in China market through counterfeit packaging. Referring to the international price of white sugar, the price of smuggled sugar is generally lower than the market price of white sugar in China by about 2000 yuan/ton.

　　At present, although it is impossible to eliminate the smuggling of white sugar in the country, it is true that with the tightening of control, the smuggling phenomenon has been significantly suppressed. The public security organs carried out business counterfeiting on the crime of counterfeiting registered trademarks, and began to clean up local umbrellas in September 2018. At present, the phenomenon of sugar smuggling in Yunnan has basically been eliminated.

　　five

　　The bottom of sugar price is now available, and the probability of future increase is high.

　　Sugar prices have gradually entered a new rising cycle and are expected to continue to rise in the future.

　　At present, sugar has gradually entered a new rising cycle, and the price is relatively low. At the beginning of this year’s cropping season, the price of sugar started from 5300 yuan/ton, and the actual selling price of sugar (ex-factory price) was between 4950 yuan/ton and 4920 yuan/ton. Sugar factories in Guangxi will suffer losses when they sell for less than 5,000 yuan/ton, ranging from 600-100 yuan/ton.

　　Recently, the price of sugar is rising, which has reflected the expectation of the relationship between supply and demand, but it has never come up during the cropping season. One special reason is the financial pressure of enterprises. Because the supply and demand are balanced throughout the year, but the concentrated harvest season must be oversupply. If the financial pressure is greater, it will be eager to sell sugar, and the price of sugar will lack the motivation to rise. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problem of fund guarantee such as balanced sales of urgent production and annual sales.

　　However, the price of sugar will continue to rise in the future, the period of the greatest financial pressure on enterprises has passed, and the market is also entering the peak season, and smuggling has achieved results.

　　Recommended target: COFCO sugar industry

　　COFCO is the largest grain, oil and food import and export company and powerful food producer in China. It is involved in agricultural products trade, biomass energy development, food production and processing, real estate, property management, hotel management and finance, which are closely related to public life. The business scope of COFCO sugar industry includes domestic and foreign sugar refining, sugar import, port sugar refining, domestic sugar sales and trade, sugar storage and logistics, and tomato processing, which is a solid foundation for ensuring domestic sugar supply. COFCO Sugar has a perfect industrial layout at home and abroad, and has a whole-industry operation mode of making sugar from home and abroad, importing and refining sugar from ports, domestic sales and trade, warehousing and logistics, and managing central reserve sugar.

　　We expect that the EPS of the company will be 0.45 yuan and 0.76 yuan in 2019-2020, maintaining the "overweight" rating.

　　six

　　Risk warning

　　Extreme weather led to a sharp drop in sugar production.

　　The occurrence of extreme weather has a great influence on the market output of sugar in China, and natural disasters may cause huge losses in sugar production.

　　The influence of agricultural policy affects sugar production and export.

　　China’s agricultural policies (such as minimum purchase price and subsidies) may affect Brazil’s sugar production and export.

This article first appeared on WeChat WeChat official account: Poker Investor. The content of the article belongs to the author’s personal opinion and does not represent Hexun.com’s position. Investors should operate accordingly, at their own risk.

In the financial market, gold, as an important investment and reserve asset, has various types, each with its unique attributes and uses. Understanding different types of gold can help investors and collectors make more informed decisions. The following are several common types of gold and their characteristics.

1. Physical gold

Physical gold includes gold bars, coins and ornaments. Gold bars are usually sold in different weights, such as 1 gram, 5 grams, 10 grams, 100 grams, etc., while gold coins may have collectible value and legal tender value. Gold ornaments not only have investment value, but also have the functions of decoration and inheritance.

2. Paper gold

Paper gold is a kind of financial derivative. Investors indirectly hold gold by buying gold-related financial products, such as gold ETFs (exchange traded funds), gold futures contracts and gold accounts. This method does not need to actually hold gold, which is convenient for trading and liquidity management.

3. Digital Gold

With the rise of digital currency, digital gold came into being. This is a gold asset issued through blockchain technology, allowing users to hold and trade gold in digital form. This method combines the value stability of traditional gold with the convenience of digital assets.

4. Gold mining stocks

Investing in gold mining stocks means investing in stocks of companies that mine gold. This way, investors can benefit from the rising price of gold, and at the same time, they can also benefit from the operational efficiency and profitability of mining companies.

The choice of gold investment mode depends on investors’ risk preference, investment objectives and market understanding. Physical gold provides a direct sense of ownership and security, while paper gold and digital gold provide higher liquidity and convenience. Gold mining stocks may bring higher potential returns, but they are also accompanied by higher risks.

No matter which way you choose, investors should pay close attention to the market dynamics, understand the characteristics and risks of various gold products, and make decisions in line with their investment strategies.

Huawei HarmonyOS system is a distributed operating system, which not only supports smart phones, but also supports different products and devices such as tablet computers and smart TVs.

Recently, another Huawei device ushered in the new version upgrade of HarmonyOS 4.2 system, which is Huawei Smart Screen S5 Pro.

Recently, Huawei Smart Screen S5 Pro pushed the new version of HarmonyOS 4.2 system, and pushed the new version of HarmonyOS 2.0.160(SP5C00E2R1P4). The new version of HarmonyOS 4.2 pushed this time has been optimized and updated in the aspects of desktop, Huawei cloud conference and Linxi pointing gun.

The new version of HarmonyOS 4.2 has increased the office mode on the desktop, preset Huawei cloud conference, provided you with a cloud collaborative video conference platform, and added the adaptive pointing gun function.

The new version of HarmonyOS 4.2 will also adjust the default focus of the shutdown menu from "off screen" to "off screen", optimize the display effect of the camera on the screen, optimize the system stability of some scenes, and incorporate the security patch in October 2024 to improve security.

Huawei’s smart screen S5 Pro was launched in July, equipped with 4K flagship core+AI vision chip, and available in different sizes of 65-inch, 75-inch and 85-inch.

Original: Jianwen Wang Chen　

It is a "different kind" of county hospitals in China. In the ranking of county-level public hospitals, it rarely enters the top ten in terms of scale. However, in the refined management of hospitals, it is the existence of many big three.

In the eyes of local people in Dongyang, the most fashionable place in Dongyang is not a shopping mall, but a hospital.

There is no high-speed railway station in this county-level city with a population of 1 million, and the nearest high-speed railway station is in Yiwu. Passing through Yiwu Station is like a crowd in Spring Festival travel rush every day. It takes another 40 minutes by car and a desolate and congested journey to reach Dongyang.

After arriving in the city, I always thought that I had to go through a more congested road to get to the hospital. This is the inherent impression of most people on county hospitals-the most congested section of a county-level city must be the local people’s hospital, and the feeling of being crowded is like coming to another railway station …

But when I went to Dongyang People’s Hospital, I suddenly felt that there were fewer people.

This is not in line with the imagination of a third-class county-level hospital with a population of 1 million, a local medical treatment rate of 96%, 1,750 open beds, 1.76 million outpatient visits and 80,000 inpatients every year.

The lack of people is largely an illusion, perhaps because of neat and orderly spatial planning: the distance between buildings in the hospital is far away, there is no garbage on the ground, and the cars are parked in the underground garage and a four-story above-ground parking lot. Only a few taxis to pick up patients are parked in the open space in front of the outpatient building in a fixed lane.

Inside the emergency building, the aisle with a width of more than ten meters makes the waiting area full of people very small; People lead to the inpatient department, fever clinic, pharmacy, and the food court in the business district, which is rare in hospitals.

Perhaps it is because of the visual feeling: the circular chandelier with strong design sense, the elevator ceiling decorated with petals, the walls of different inpatient departments in orange, purple and blue, and the doctors in various departments in the inpatient department are concentrated in the central office, which is transparent and open.

There is no place like the county hospital in my impression. Since the board of directors of Dongyang People’s Hospital was established in 1993, it is no longer a Chinese-style public hospital directly controlled by the government in the traditional sense.

It is what the local people call a "hospital run by Taiwan Province people", but in fact it is a hospital that "Taiwan Province people donated money and changed its management mode". Hospital management system has been reformed for nearly 30 years, and hospitals have been managed by local teams in Dongyang. It is the first public hospital in China to implement the reform of corporate governance structure, and it is also the first hospital to complete the salary reform of public hospitals and implement refined management.

It is a "heterogeneous" county-level hospital in China, and it rarely enters the top ten in terms of scale in the ranking of county-level public hospitals in China. However, in the fine management of hospitals, it is an incomparable existence in many top three hospitals in big cities.

Some of its management experience can be used for reference, but it is an extremely difficult sample to copy, and the key steps that determine the development of this hospital are very accidental: the free donation of 10 million US dollars in the early 1990 s solved the financial problem of the development of public hospitals; The advanced reform of hospital management mechanism implemented nearly 30 years ago happened to meet a dean who knows the local culture and has the ability and experience. In 2004, the post performance salary reform was carried out in the rising period of hospitals, which counteracted the impact of the reform on the old mechanism.

A senior person in the field of hospital management lamented: If the performance reform is carried out now (the hospital has entered a platform period), Dongyang People’s Hospital can’t guarantee the effectiveness. They seized a good opportunity when they reformed.

△ Image source: yestone

Dongyang People’s Hospital, which has been quietly carrying out self-reform for 30 years, has suddenly become the focus of people’s attention when the reform of public hospitals in China has given priority to quality and no longer blindly pursued scale and quantity.

Reform of corporate governance structure in public hospitals in the 1990s

There is a bronze statue in front of the outpatient building of Dongyang People’s Hospital. The bronze statue is not Hua Tuo, Bian Que, Li Shizhen or Bethune, who are common in hospitals, but a scholar with glasses, a pen in one hand and a United Daily News in the other.

His name is Wang Tiwu. Wang Tiwu, born in Dongyang in 1913, left his hometown for Taiwan Province at the age of 35 and never returned to his hometown until his death in 1996.

In Taiwan Province, he founded the United Daily News and became a giant in the Taiwan Province press. In the early 1990s, Wang Tiwu returned to his hometown with donations for infrastructure, education and medical care, of which $10 million was invested in Dongyang People’s Hospital. At that time, the net assets of Dongyang People’s Hospital were only 3 million yuan. This $10 million has done several major things: $2.5 million has been used to purchase advanced overseas medical equipment; 2.5 million dollars established the best building of county hospitals in Zhejiang Province; With the remaining $5 million, a new secondary hospital was built in Weishan Town, the birthplace of Wang Tiwu, and now it is a branch of Dongyang People’s Hospital.

In 1990, the reconstruction and expansion of the hospital was completed, and the old man specially wrote a thank-you letter to the Dongyang government, praising the government for its high efficiency and cost-effective use of funds. When the conversation turned, the old man suggested that the hospital should adopt the management of American non-profit hospitals, establish a non-profit board of directors, and implement the legal representative system of the president under the leadership of the board of directors. The chairman of the board is appointed by Wang Tiwu, without salary or office expenses.

Seeing this proposal, the local government is inevitably somewhat embarrassed. In the early 1990s, Dongyang was already a hot spot for reform-Hengdian Group led by Xu Wenrong was approved as a social economic organization in 1992, and the government often sent local farmers and entrepreneurs to study abroad. The local leaders were all "seen the world".

But at that time, the hospitals were all owned by the government and were directly under the control of the government. Changing the management system of hospitals, especially implementing the "board of directors" system in modern corporate governance structure, is unheard of even for local government leaders who have "seen the world" and encouraged the development of private economy.

Dongyang government can’t shoot the board, so ask Zhejiang Provincial Committee for instructions. The Zhejiang Provincial Party Committee quickly agreed to this reform. The starting point of the provincial party committee’s support for hospital reform is based on the "United Front" thinking. They believe that Wang Tiwu is a senior official of the Kuomintang, supports a China, and donates a lot of money for free, expecting nothing in return. With this management model reform, the hospital still belongs to the government, and the donated money already belongs to the state-owned assets. Although people don’t understand the advantages of changing the management mode of hospitals, there is nothing wrong with it.

Finally, one year after Deng Xiaoping’s southern tour, in October 1993, Dongyang People’s Hospital completed the management system reform and implemented the president responsibility system under the leadership of the board of directors. The chairman of the board is Wang Tiwu’s client. The new chairman graduated from the University of Southern California with a doctor’s degree in civil engineering. He has studied and worked abroad for many years and is very familiar with the governance model of non-profit medical institutions in the United States.

Although there are two leaders appointed by the local health bureau and the State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, after the establishment of the board of directors, the Dongyang government kept its word, and the hospital’s personnel rights, fund distribution rights and operation management rights were all directly managed by the government before the reform and decentralized to the hospital for independent decision. The board of directors has formed three functions: decision-making, supervision and implementation. The president is responsible for implementing the decisions of the board of directors and undertaking the operation and management responsibilities in accordance with the social responsibility requirements of public hospitals. Under such a system, in order to enable the dean to better assume the responsibility of operation and management, the board of directors has granted the middle-level cadres the rights of appointment and dismissal, personnel recruitment and dismissal, salary distribution of internal employees, and daily operation and management.

However, the dean is also bound. For the non-recurrent expenditure of the hospital, the maximum amount that the dean can decide is 5000 yuan. The personal official consumption of the dean must be approved by the executive vice chairman, and the official consumption of the executive vice chairman must be reported to the chairman for signature.

Now it seems that the "transformation" of Dongyang Hospital in 1993 was the first in China. In terms of ownership, hospitals are still state-owned; In terms of establishment, hospitals are still public welfare institutions; On the management mechanism, the hospital is a real modern enterprise governance. Even today, after more than 20 years, this "mixed system" of Dongyang Hospital is still a very special existence in the medical and health sector of China after the complete privatization of some public hospitals, management buyouts and de-establishment.

For a long time after the restructuring, most hospital employees did not know the significance of this reform. As long as there are still institutions and their wages are not reduced, they feel that nothing has changed. It’s just that the leaders of Dongyang health circles have talked about it from time to time. "The dean is not appointed by the government, and he has no face." The dean appointed by the board of directors instead of the government always seems to feel inferior. Those who have this idea also include people from Dongyang People’s Hospital.

Another reform after nine years.

In the first seven or eight years after the reform of hospital management system in 1993, the advantages and disadvantages of the system were not reflected. The biggest change in the hospital is that managers have more opportunities to communicate with the outside world. At the end of 1990s, Ying, then vice president, rushed to go abroad for the first time and visited hospitals in Singapore. He was very shocked. It turned out that hospitals were not all painted with green or blue paint and white walls, but they could also look like hotels.

In the ninth year after the restructuring, in 2002, China’s economy entered a period of rapid development, and all over the country, public institutions raised their wages in succession. In that year, Dongyang, which ranked 71st among the top 100 counties in China, was issued four times by the government to raise the basic salary of employees in public institutions. This is a good thing for employees, but Dongyang People’s Hospital has repeatedly complained. In those years, the hospital just gave employees a bonus, and now it is difficult to support the hospital’s economic ability to implement the order of increasing basic salary. And if the bonus is to be lowered, employees will have opinions.

At this time, it was suggested that the hospital was not restructured earlier. The board of directors has the right to decide how to use the money and how to distribute the internal salary. Therefore, in order to avoid the impact of government documents on the hospital’s independent distribution mechanism, Dongyang People’s Hospital initiated the reform of hospital performance-based salary distribution. At that time, the vice president in charge of administrative logistics should be the first, and the salary reform plan was mainly designed with him.

△ Image source: yestone

It should be recalled that as early as 2000, the hospital management began to brew an independent salary system reform: although the local government decentralized management, it invested little in the hospital financially. There are thousands of employees in the hospital, and the annual salary is only more than 500,000 yuan, which is related to the environment that the government has not invested enough in public hospitals for many years. Objectively speaking, it is the most crucial step for hospitals to maintain development and establish their own salary incentive mechanism.

In Dongyang’s economic ecology, there are many reform models of private economy. In 2002, Dongyang Hengdian Film and Television Base became famous for the release of Zhang Yimou’s Hero, and Hengdian Group, which spans many industries, has been running for many years.

However, when it comes to the reform of performance distribution in public hospitals, even under the background of board management, it is extremely difficult to face employees who still maintain the establishment and mentality of public institutions.

It took several years to brew the salary performance reform and finally implement it. The management team of Dongyang People’s Hospital doesn’t feel anything wrong. Every step of reform is difficult. Steady is the most important thing.

"Seven or eight thousand yuan a year, you can raise a wife."

Generally speaking, the total annual salary of employees in public hospitals is set by the local health bureau at the beginning of the year. No matter how well the hospital employees do this year, the total salary is unchanged. In this system, there is no "incentive" for doing more and doing less.

How should the total salary be distributed, so as to combine the two goals of hospital development and employee motivation? The hospital management, represented by should be the first to compete, invented a concept of "medical added value". Different from the concept of total hospital income, the medical added value is the total hospital income minus the "variable cost", which is different from the fixed costs such as buildings and equipment, and includes the money for purchasing drugs and consumables, as well as expenses such as property management fees. In a popular sense, medical added value is similar to the concept of gross profit of enterprises. Compared with the pure income index, the gross profit index takes into account both income and cost, and focuses on improving the overall efficiency of the hospital.

The added value of medical care is the money that the hospital can directly control. The board of directors finally decided that 47% of the annual "medical added value" will be used for employees’ salaries and the remaining 53% will be used for hospital development. The higher the added value of medical care, the higher the income of employees. To increase the added value of medical care, it is necessary not only to increase the workload and business income, but also to control the cost of drugs, property expenses and other management expenses, so that the enthusiasm of employees will be mobilized all of a sudden.

The remuneration of the dean and the leading group is determined by the board of directors. In the United States and China, there are directors who invest and start businesses, who are well versed in the operating rules of the market economy. Therefore, the salary of the president of Dongyang People’s Hospital is higher than that of the president of a public hospital under the direct leadership of the government.

Hospital management has the right to formulate employees’ positions and performance pay. Post salary is dead, performance salary is alive. The higher the proportion of performance pay to the total salary, the greater the enthusiasm of employees, but the higher the instability of employees; On the contrary, the proportion of post salary is high, and the personnel are stable, but it is also easy to raise lazy people. At this time, the special institutional advantages of Dongyang People’s Hospital have emerged: employees have career establishment, so there is no need to be afraid of stability. We should strive to set the performance pay at 70%-75% of the total salary.

How to formulate the performance of employees in different positions? This field is a concentrated flashpoint of contradictions. In the past, the treatment of employees in public hospitals was similar, and the salaries of doctors, nurses and logistics staff were almost the same, which was obviously unreasonable, but no one dared to move. At that time, Dongyang People’s Hospital decided to widen the income of doctors, nurses and logistics personnel. Pay attention to widening the gap, such as the salary system of hospitals in Singapore, where doctors’ income is seven times that of nurses, and the reform of Dongyang People’s Hospital cannot implement this standard at once. After repeated weighing, the hospital management finally narrowed the wage gap between doctors, nurses and logistics staff to 1.4: 1: 0.8.

After designing the post salary coefficient, the reaction of nursing staff and logistics staff is fierce. According to the calculation of the total salary of the previous year, a logistics staff found that according to the new regulations, their total annual income was seven or eight thousand yuan less, and the total amount was only 20 thousand yuan, while the doctor’s income was more than 10 thousand yuan a year, so he could get 40 thousand or 50 thousand. The logistics staff found that they should be the first to complain: "Dean Ying, seven or eight thousand yuan a year can support a wife." Should be the first to respond: "Why do you have so many wives?"

Later, he reasoned with the staff in detail: "Now, the income of doctors in our hospital is 40,000 to 50,000 a year. He wants to jump to a private hospital and get 70,000 to 80,000 a year; If you jump ship, can you get 20 thousand? Do the math. Who is the loser? Or the doctor suffers. " The employee fell silent. The hospital then gave the logistics staff a reassurance: "Let’s work hard, the total salary will go up, and the income of the logistics staff will also go up. If the growth rate is large, it will not decrease, but it may rise. "

The employee thought for a moment, and Dean Ying has worked here for so many years, so he won’t make a casual statement. He left in doubt. Subsequently, in the hospital post performance reform voting meeting, among more than 60 employee representatives, more than 40 votes were in favor, most of them were doctors, 19 abstained and there was no negative vote. The difficult salary distribution reform started like this.

In 2002, in the first year of salary reform in Dongyang People’s Hospital, the total salary of the whole hospital increased by 40%. Only one of the more than 60 logistics staff reduced their salary, while the others not only did not decrease, but also increased. In the following years, the distribution of performance pay and bonus became more diversified. The total income of the highest-level chief doctor in the hospital added up to more than 800,000 yuan a year, which was almost the same as that of doctors in provincial hospitals.

Looking back now, the salary distribution reform of Dongyang People’s Hospital at that time was very in line with the salary distribution system reform of public hospitals promoted by the state in 2017 15 years later.

Hospital is not only a public welfare organization, but also an economy that needs management.

In 2004, after the SARS incident last year, the government and the industry have reached a consensus that medical and health undertakings must increase investment. At the same time, on the one hand, the basic medical security system in China has gradually completed full coverage, and the ability to pay for medical insurance funds has been greatly enhanced; On the one hand, governments at all levels have increased financial investment in public hospitals, and hospital revenue has entered the fast lane.

That year, the Zhengda First Affiliated Hospital, which was later called "the largest hospital in the universe", was about to usher in its outbreak. The number of outpatients and inpatients in Dongyang People’s Hospital also ushered in a big increase in 2004. In the big environment that public hospitals all over the country are competing to increase beds and equipment, and hospital income is rolling in, we should try our best to have a clear thinking: in the case of insufficient state investment, we should not only let the people spend less money and look after the disease, but also let the hospital develop itself and ensure the income of employees, which is an important management topic faced by hospital directors. "Although the hospital is a public welfare organization, it is also a big economy. All economies need management."

From 2004 to now, China has undergone two rounds of medical reform, among which public hospital reform and drug reform are the most important. The starting point of the medical reform policy is to achieve the comprehensive goal of improving the service level of medical institutions, controlling the cost of medical and health services, reducing the economic pressure of medical insurance funds and the people, and improving patient satisfaction. As we all know, all parties have different demands, and it is not easy to promote medical reform. In the overall environment of the whole industry, Dongyang People’s Hospital has created a unique small environment, and some reform practices can be called samples of public hospital reform.

As early as 2000, Zhejiang’s health economic policy has undergone several major adjustments, from the "price increase" of drugs to the downward adjustment of medical examination fees, and then to the 15% addition of drugs. Many public hospitals accustomed to obtaining disposable funds from drugs are at a loss, and almost half of them have suffered operating losses, greatly reducing their sustainable development capabilities.

At this time, the operating mechanism with medical value-added management as the core should be put forward first, which has brought unique operating performance to Dongyang People’s Hospital: on the one hand, it has promoted cost control and reduced the items of medical value-added; On the one hand, it is to expand the scope of hospital services and increase the added value of medical care. As a result, the hospital’s medical added value reached more than 45%, which was much higher than other hospitals.

Starting with drugs is a key measure to reduce costs in Dongyang People’s Hospital. The first move was to make a false high drug price. At that time, the hospital adopted the method of "second negotiation" and "taking turns to set the price", which reduced the drug purchase price by tens of millions of yuan and all the profits were given to patients. The second measure is to control the dosage of drugs. The hospital delineates four "red lines" of the proportion and average dosage of drugs, and more than 20% is deducted from the performance salary; The third measure is to control the right of residence, authorize the use of antibiotics at different levels, and manage antibiotics at different levels according to the price. Unauthorized use requires approval. These three measures have made Dongyang People’s Hospital gain the reputation of "cheap drugs" and "doctors can’t prescribe large prescriptions", and the proportion of drugs is now controlled at around 26%.

△ Image source: yestone

Control drug prices, but also control materials. Dongyang people’s practice, one is to reduce the purchase price, the other is to control the dosage. Taking orthopedic materials as an example, the hospital directly negotiates prices with various manufacturers or first-class agents, realizing factory direct sales, which significantly reduces the price of domestic orthopedic materials, and then the hospital gives all the reduced expenses to patients. The hospital built a digital image transmission system (PACS) in 2005. Now, no film in the hospital can save patients more than 6 million yuan every year. At the same time, the hospital also strictly controlled the cost of reagents for inspection. After these careful calculations, the material cost of Dongyang People’s Hospital is 1/4 lower than that of similar hospitals.

Strengthening cost control, in addition to the most important drugs and consumables, all aspects of hospital logistics management are also promising.

Careful people will find that the time of Dongyang People’s Hospital can be judged by lights. At 11: 30 noon, when the hospital has the least crowds, the lights will suddenly dim, and at 1: 30 in the afternoon, the lights will light up with the crowds. This design can save hundreds of thousands of yuan a year. For the same hospital of more than 100,000 square meters, the property cost of other similar hospitals is 20 million RMB, and Dongyang People’s Hospital only spent more than 7 million RMB.

Last year, when the dean of a well-known 3A hospital visited Dongyang People’s Hospital, he said that the total income of their hospital was 6.8 billion yuan, which was five or six times that of Dongyang People’s Hospital, not including the government’s allocation of several hundred million yuan, but they could not pay their salaries and lost more than 200 million yuan. "This is a problem in the economic operation management of the hospital." We should try our best to make a diagnosis soon.

From another perspective, this is the advantage of Dongyang People’s Hospital.

Wang Chen | Written by Micro Signal: 2174127

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