On March 28th, 2023, local time in Seoul, South Korea, Ren Zhuyuan, spokesman of the Korean Foreign Ministry, answered questions about the examination and approval results of Japanese government primary school textbooks. Vision china diagram

　　On March 28th, local time, the South Korean Foreign Ministry summoned the Japanese general minister to lodge a solemn protest against the Japanese government’s approval of textbooks containing "improper claims". The South Korean side pointed out that these textbooks "distorted history" and played down the crimes committed during the Japanese aggression. At the same time, they advocated Japan’s sovereignty over Dokdo (called Zhudao in Japan). The South Korean side deeply regretted it and asked Japan to correct it.

　　Japan’s Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology announced earlier that day that 149 primary school textbooks had been approved and will be used in the 2024 school year.

　　After analyzing the sample books, Yonhap News Agency found that the Japanese side played down what it did during its colonial rule of the Korean Peninsula from 1910 to 1945 in the new textbooks. For example, when describing Koreans who were forcibly recruited into the army, the new textbook changed to the word "joining the army", which is consistent with the Japanese claim that these people "voluntarily" joined the army.

　　In another textbook, Japan called Zhudao its inherent territory, which was illegally occupied by South Korea at this stage.

　　This island is located in the eastern waters of the Korean peninsula, covering an area of about 0.18 square kilometers. South Korea, North Korea and Japan all claim sovereignty over it. At present, the island is actually controlled by South Korea.

　　In addition, the South Korean side also pointed out that the new Japanese textbooks downplayed the relevant expressions of forced labor during World War II.

　　On the 28th, Zhao Xiandong, the first official of the South Korean Foreign Ministry, summoned Naoki Kumatani, the Japanese ambassador to South Korea, to protest against the Japanese practice. According to South Korean media, due to the temporary return of Japanese ambassador to South Korea Xiang Xing Koichi, the South Korean side summoned Naoki Kumatani as the temporary charge d ‘affaires instead. On-site photos show that Naoki Kumatani walked into the South Korean Foreign Ministry building in Seoul with a serious expression.

　　South Korean Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Lin Zhu Yong said in a statement that Japan’s claim to have sovereignty over Dokdo is "unreasonable" and unacceptable. South Korea deeply regrets and urges Japan to show sincerity and correct the problem.

　　An official of the South Korean Foreign Ministry said that although relations between South Korea and Japan have improved recently, territorial disputes, textbooks and "comfort women" between the two countries have not been resolved, and this has not changed. The ROK will continue to communicate with the Japanese side through diplomatic channels and demand that the textbook issue be corrected.

　　In response to the request of the ROK, the Japanese side has not responded.

　　This is not the first time that a "textbook storm" has occurred in Korea and Japan. In April, 2021, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan approved the application of five publishing houses to modify or delete the related expressions of "comfort women" in textbooks, and agreed to change "comfort women with the army" into "comfort women" and "forced removal" into "forced mobilization" or "expropriation" in an attempt to wash away the Japanese war crimes. The South Korean Foreign Ministry deeply regrets this and urges Japan to show its sincerity in solving historical problems between the two countries.

　　Shenzhen will severely investigate and deal with the behavior that the listing price of second-hand housing of real estate agencies exceeds the transaction reference price.

　　Official website, a real estate agency association in Shenzhen, showed that the Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau issued the Notice on Carrying out Special Inspection on the Application of Reference Price of Second-hand Housing Transactions by Real Estate Brokers on February 23rd (hereinafter referred to as the Notice), demanding that the listed price of second-hand housing transactions by real estate brokers exceed the reference price, so as to guide rational transactions and stabilize market expectations.

　　At the same time, in order to implement the deployment of the Shenzhen Municipal Government’s real estate regulation and control work, implement the requirements of the Notice of Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau on Establishing the Release Mechanism of Second-hand Housing Transaction Reference Price (Shenjian Real Estate [2021] No.2), do a good job in the management of the listed price of second-hand housing in real estate brokerage institutions, and further standardize the professional behavior of relevant personnel, we have formulated the Work Plan for Special Inspection of the Application of Second-hand Housing Transaction Reference Price in real estate brokerage institutions (hereinafter referred to as the Work Plan).

　　The "Work Plan" mentioned that through special inspection actions, we will severely investigate and deal with the behavior that the listed price of second-hand housing of real estate agencies exceeds the transaction reference price, guide rational transactions, stabilize market expectations, and promote the stable and healthy development of Shenzhen real estate market.

　　The contents of this special inspection mainly include: whether the listed price of second-hand housing released by real estate brokers in stores, websites and related online platforms exceeds the reference price of second-hand housing transactions; At the same time, whether the price of second-hand housing released by real estate brokers through online platforms such as WeChat and QQ exceeds the reference price of second-hand housing transactions.

　　According to the division of labor, Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau is mainly responsible for formulating the special inspection work plan; Guide, supervise and inspect the housing construction bureaus in all districts to carry out the special inspection of the reference price of second-hand housing transactions.

　　The housing construction bureaus of all districts in Shenzhen specifically organize the implementation of special inspections within their respective jurisdictions; Joint intermediary association to carry out inspections; If violations of laws and regulations are found in the inspection process or through other means, the investigation and evidence collection and identification audit work shall be done in a timely manner; Punish real estate brokerage institutions and brokers suspected of violating laws and regulations according to relevant regulations; Establish a regular reporting system, and timely summarize and report the progress of special work.

　　The Shenzhen Real Estate Agency Association carries out education and training and theme publicity activities, requiring real estate agencies and their employees to carry out self-examination and self-correction and remove illegal price information in time; Conduct preliminary investigation and evidence collection on the illegal acts found, and timely hand them over to the housing construction bureaus of all districts for handling; Cooperate with district housing construction bureaus to carry out daily inspections.

　　The Action Plan shows that from February 23 to February 26, 2021, all real estate agencies and brokers are required to carry out comprehensive self-examination and self-correction, while real estate agency associations carry out training, requiring all real estate agencies and brokers to strictly implement the reference price of second-hand housing transactions. From February 27 to March 26, 2021, widely collect complaints and reports from the masses that the listed price of second-hand housing of real estate agencies exceeded the transaction reference price; Sorting out complaints and reports; It is necessary to immediately investigate, deal with and give timely feedback on violations of laws and regulations.

　　Prior to this, the Shenzhen Housing and Construction Bureau issued three announcements in succession on February 8, announcing the establishment of a release mechanism for the reference price of second-hand housing transactions, and released the reference price of second-hand housing transactions in 3,595 residential quarters in the city for the first time. However, the reference price is generally low, almost equivalent to 30% off the market price.

　　According to public media reports, up to now, many branches in Shenzhen, such as China Everbright Bank, China Construction Bank, Bank of Communications and Bank of Beijing, have expressed their views, and loans have been issued according to the official reference price of second-hand housing transactions in Shenzhen.

　　The "Reform Plan for the Salary System of the Heads of Central Management Enterprises" was implemented in 72 key central enterprises this year. According to statistics, among the 48 central enterprises that have published annual reports recently, there are 18 listed companies with general managers and presidents as samples, and their salaries have decreased year-on-year, and 4 have increased by over 100% year-on-year. The average salary of general managers of 48 listed companies rose from 970,000 yuan in 2014 to 1.07 million yuan in 2015.

　　It has been controversial for leaders of central enterprises to get super-high salaries like executives of foreign companies and private enterprises. Recently, listed companies have released annual reports one after another, and the salary of senior executives of central enterprises has become a hot spot in the market. Since January 1, 2015, the Reform Plan of the Salary System for the Heads of Central Management Enterprises has been implemented in 72 key central enterprises. At the beginning of the reform, the vice minister of the Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security said that after the reform, the salary level of the heads of most central management enterprises will decline, and some will fall by a larger margin. Then, judging from the published financial report, has the salary reform of central enterprises achieved the expected results over the past year or so? What problems are reflected in the change of executive compensation in central enterprises?

　　The average annual salary of general managers of 48 central enterprises exceeds one million.

　　According to media statistics, among the 48 central enterprises that have published annual reports under the supervision of the State Council State-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, with the general manager and president as samples, there are 18 listed companies whose salaries have decreased year-on-year, and 4 have increased by over 100% year-on-year. The average salary of general managers of 48 listed companies rose from 970,000 yuan in 2014 to 1.07 million yuan in 2015.

　　Judging from the ups and downs, the biggest decline is Guodian Nanzi. In 2014, the annual salary of Huang Yuanhong, general manager of Guodian Nanzi, was 518,000 yuan. In June 2015, Huang Yuanhong, general manager of Guodian Nanzi, resigned. Since then, Guodian Nanzi has welcomed a new general manager, Ying Guangwei. According to the annual report, its annual salary in 2015 was 164,000 yuan, which was 68.34% lower than that of its predecessor. The biggest increase is Zhenhua Heavy Industry. In 2015, the annual salary of Huang Qingfeng, president of Zhenhua Heavy Industry, was 894,000 yuan, while in 2014, the salary of former president Lu Jianzhong was only 205,300 yuan.

　　In terms of absolute salary, the highest salary is CIMC. In 2015, the salary of Mai Boliang, president of CIMC, was as high as 6.373 million yuan, ranking first among the top executives of major central enterprises. Compared with the salary of 9.98 million yuan in 2012, it has declined, but it has been the top three in the A-share salary list in the past three years. Whether it is the former general manager or the current general manager, the annual salary of the senior executives of Yunnan Copper, a subsidiary of Chinalco, is extremely low among listed companies. The current general manager Gao Guichao’s annual salary in 2015 is 60,000 yuan, and his predecessor Shen Nanshan’s annual salary in 2014 is 157,500 yuan. Some netizens even ridiculed that this income is not as good as a courier.

　　The salary of petrochemical executives is "halved"

　　According to the salary reform plan implemented in early 2015, the salary of the heads of central enterprises will be composed of two parts: past basic annual salary and performance annual salary, and adjusted to three parts: basic annual salary, performance annual salary and term incentive income. The salary of central enterprises is differentiated and officially bid farewell to the "big pot rice". Then, judging from the published annual report, does the change of executive compensation of central enterprises conform to the spirit of reform?

　　Taking Sinopec Shuangxiong as an example, according to the 2015 annual report, the salary of Sinopec President Li Chunguang decreased from 972,900 yuan in 2014 to 525,000 yuan in 2015, a decrease of 46%; The salary of Wang Dongjin, president of PetroChina, decreased from 1.137 million yuan to 734,000 yuan, a decrease of 35.44%. In 2015, when international oil prices fell precipitously, Sinopec’s net profit decreased by 11.4% year-on-year to 43.3 billion yuan. The net profit of PetroChina fell by nearly 70% year-on-year, only 35.6 billion yuan, which was lower than the 100 billion yuan mark for the first time in ten years.

　　Presidents of five major banks bid farewell to millions of salaries.

　　Another obvious change in executive compensation is banks. Recently, the annual reports of five state-owned banks that have established diplomatic relations between workers, peasants and China have been disclosed one after another, and the rise and fall of bank employees’ compensation has also surfaced. Different from the substantial increase in the salary of commercial executives, the overall salary of bank executives declined in 2015, and it has completely bid farewell to the million-dollar salary.

　　The Beijing Youth Daily reporter noted that in the disclosure of the annual reports of the five major state-owned banks, it was all stated that "according to the relevant regulations of the state, from January 1, 2015, the remuneration of the chairman, president, supervisor and other deputy heads of the Bank was implemented in accordance with the Interim Measures for the Administration of Remuneration of Heads of Central Financial Enterprises, and the Bank has paid salaries accordingly".

　　According to the 2015 annual report, the net profit attributable to the parent company of the five major banks exceeded 920 billion yuan, equivalent to earning 2.5 billion yuan every day. Although the profit scale was "the legendary swordsman", the net profit fell into a "turtle speed" growth. According to the annual report of the five state-owned commercial banks that established diplomatic relations between workers, peasants and China, their net profit increased by 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.74%, 0.28% and 1.5% respectively in 2015. After years of double-digit high-speed growth, the growth rate is the slowest in the last decade, and banks have bid farewell to the era of "lying down to make money".

　　The annual salary of the presidents of the five major state-owned banks in 2015 can almost be called "waist cutting". Among them, Yi Huiman, President of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, paid 546,800 yuan in 2015, compared with 1,089,000 yuan in the previous year, a decrease of 49.79%; Chen Siqing, President of China Bank, paid 613,300 yuan in 2015, down 43.38% from 1,083,200 yuan in the previous year; Wang Zuji, President of China Construction Bank, paid RMB364,600 in 2015, a significant decrease of 67.79% compared with the previous year (President Zhang Jianguo paid RMB1,132,000 in the previous year); Peng Chun, President of Bank of Communications, paid 525,700 yuan in 2015, down 47.83% from 1,007,600 yuan in the previous year. Zhang Yun, the president of the Agricultural Bank of China, was punished for violating discipline, but no statistics were made. The pre-tax salary of Cai Hua Xiang and Lou Wenlong, the vice presidents of the Agricultural Bank of China, was 977,400 yuan in 2014, and it was 522,100 yuan in 2015, a decrease of 46.58%.

　　Text/reporter Zhu Kaiyun

　　related news

　　The income of employees of listed banks remains unchanged as a whole.

　　At present, 10 listed banks have published their 2015 annual reports. According to the data of the annual report, in the past year, due to the salary limit of central enterprises and the decline in profits, the salaries of senior executives such as chairmen and presidents of banks have shrunk significantly, and some have even been cut by half, but the per capita income of employees is basically the same as that of the previous year, with little increase and decrease, and the performance is stable.

　　According to the calculation results of professional institutions, except for China Merchants Bank, China CITIC Bank and Bank of Communications, the per capita salary of other banks is within 4% year-on-year, which is basically the same. The per capita salary of joint-stock banks is mostly between 300,000 and 400,000 yuan, while that of the top five state-owned banks is between 200,000 and 300,000 yuan, and the joint-stock banks beat the state-owned banks completely.

　　Specifically, Ping An Bank has the highest per capita salary of 418,100 yuan, an increase of 3.31% over 2014; The second place is Minsheng Bank, with 404,000 yuan, an increase of 3.22% over 2014; Everbright Bank ranked third with 359,700 yuan, a decrease of 2.34% over the previous year.

　　The per capita salary of the five major state-owned banks is still significantly lower than that of the joint-stock banks, among which the highest bank of communications is 274,700 yuan, up by 7.73% year-on-year, which is 183,400 yuan less than that of China Merchants Bank, which is the least among the joint-stock banks. Followed by China Bank, 259,800 yuan, an increase of 2.36% over the previous year; The third place is CCB, with 247,000 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.56%; ICBC ranked fourth with 245,900 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 0.77%; The last one was Agricultural Bank of China, which was 221,500 yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 3.40%.

　　It is worth noting that the total wages and benefits of China Merchants Bank and CITIC Co., Ltd. have fallen sharply, with a decrease of 15.32% and 19.96% respectively. However, according to industry analysts, the main reason for the sharp decline is the delayed payment of performance pay, which does not mean that China Merchants Bank and China CITIC Bank are significantly reducing their salaries.

　　China Merchants Bank issued a document in April last year, which will implement a deferred payment risk premium system in domestic branches, that is, a certain proportion of the performance pay of employees in risk-related positions will be withdrawn, and the amount will be paid year by year according to the risk release of the project, with a withdrawal ratio of 10%, covering ordinary employees in markets, compliance and operations. The direct consequence of this mechanism is that the income of bank employees decreased in that year.

　　Of the 16 A-share listed banks, 10 have published their annual reports, including five state-owned banks that have established diplomatic relations between workers and peasants, and five joint-stock commercial banks, namely China Merchants Bank, Minsheng Bank, CITIC Bank, China Everbright Bank and Ping An Bank.

　　Text/Beijing Youth Daily reporter Cheng Wei

　　Medical technicians in Cihu High-tech Zone, Ma ‘anshan City, Anhui Province are developing COVID-19 pharmaceutical core intermediates. Wang Wensheng photo/bright picture

　　Workers of a pharmaceutical company in Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province work in the pharmaceutical production workshop. Xinhua news agency

　　　 [Endeavour, New Journey, New Era, Great Change]

　　　 Since the reform of evaluation in 2015, National Medical Products Administration has approved 95 innovative drugs and approved 155 innovative medical devices to be listed.

　　　 Five Covid-19 vaccines were approved for conditional marketing, two Covid-19 vaccines were approved for emergency use, and 34 vaccine varieties with five technical routes entered clinical trials.

　　　 106 novel coronavirus detection reagents were approved, including 38 nucleic acid detection reagents, 37 antibody detection reagents and 31 antigen detection reagents.

　　　 "The quality of registration application materials is not high, and it needs to be supplemented and improved many times during the review process, which seriously affects the efficiency of review and approval; Repeated construction and application of generic drugs, vicious competition in the market, and the quality of some generic drugs is far from the international advanced level; The listing approval time of new drugs urgently needed in clinic is too long, and drug research and development institutions and researchers cannot apply for drug registration, which affects the enthusiasm of drug innovation. "

　　　 This is a frank and incisive analysis of drugs and medical devices related to people’s lives and health in a the State Council document seven years ago. This analysis resonates with the confusion of the people: Why are some drugs "slower" to market in China than in foreign countries? Why do some people go overseas to purchase medicines?

　　　 The full name of the the State Council document is Opinions on Reforming the Examination and Approval System of Medicines and Medical Devices, which was issued in August 2015, thus kicking off the reform of the examination and approval system of medicines and medical devices in China (hereinafter referred to as the examination and approval reform). Especially since its establishment in 2018, National Medical Products Administration has continuously deepened the reform of evaluation, encouraged the innovation of drugs and medical devices, improved the quality of drugs and medical devices, increased effective supply, and effectively guaranteed people’s health and life safety.

1. The backlog of registration applications has been solved.

　　　 The quality of drugs and medical devices is related to everyone’s health and safety, which is the original intention of implementing the review and approval system. However, if the evaluation efficiency is too low, it will lead to the lag of product listing time, which will also affect people’s health and safety. After all, disease waits for no one.

　　　 Take drugs as an example. In the past, the backlog of drug registration applications in China was serious, with a maximum of 22,000 applications. Many drugs have to wait several years for approval after they apply for registration. Pharmaceutical companies are helpless and patients are miserable.

　　　 How to speed up the review? This is the first problem to be solved in the reform. The drug regulatory authorities, seeing the move, launched a series of powerful measures — —

　　　 Full implementation of the implied license system for 60-day expiration of drug clinical trials, which is one-third shorter than the 90-day review time limit before the reform.

　　　 We will establish and improve the procedures for accelerating the listing and registration of drugs, optimize the review and approval process, and give priority to the clinical shortage of drugs, anticancer drugs, drugs for children, drugs for rare diseases, drugs for major infectious diseases, vaccines urgently needed for disease prevention and control, and innovative high-end medical devices, thus greatly shortening the review time limit.

　　　 Drugs that show efficacy in early clinical trials can be conditionally approved for marketing and used in urgent need patients who can’t wait any longer.

　　　 … … … …

　　　 As a drug technical evaluation institution, National Medical Products Administration Drug Evaluation Center has also strengthened the management of evaluation items, refined the evaluation sequence, strengthened the management of time limit, set up special groups, increased reviewers, revised the evaluation points, standardized technical requirements, etc., and the evaluation standards, quality and efficiency of drugs have been greatly improved.

　　　 "From the peak in 2015, there was a backlog of more than 20,000 applications. By 2018, more than 90% of them were reviewed within the time limit, and China’s drug review and approval entered the fast lane." The relevant person in charge of the Department of Drug Registration of National Medical Products Administration told the reporter that, for example, in terms of new drugs urgently needed overseas, by the end of 2021, 51 new drugs urgently needed overseas were approved for listing, among which the review of rare diseases drugs was completed within 3 months, and the review of other drugs urgently needed clinically was completed within 6 months, which greatly shortened the time for listing new drugs urgently needed overseas in China.

2. The innovation enthusiasm of the pharmaceutical industry has been stimulated.

　　　 The backlog of applications has been solved, and the speed of drug listing has been accelerated. However, in order to meet the people’s drug demand, new drugs need to be put on the market continuously. Encouraging drug innovation is the core of evaluation reform.

　　　 In 2015, the Opinions on Reforming the Examination and Approval System of Drugs and Medical Devices raised the standards for drug approval, and changed the new drugs from "drugs that were not marketed in China" to "drugs that were not marketed in China or abroad", that is, "global new". Two years later, the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Review and Approval System and Encouraging the Innovation of Pharmaceutical and Medical Devices, and made special arrangements for the innovation of pharmaceutical and medical devices.

　　　 The reporter learned that in order to encourage the research and development of innovative drugs and medical devices, National Medical Products Administration not only gave support in priority evaluation, but also formulated a series of technical guiding principles, such as "Technical Requirements for Application for Pharmaceutical Common Problems in Phase I Clinical Trials of Innovative Chemicals", to guide the application for research and development of innovative products. Reviewers will also take the initiative to communicate with R&D producers in key review links such as pre-clinical, clinical and pre-listing, so as to avoid detours.

　　　 "The review reform encourages clinical value-oriented drug innovation, optimizes the review and approval procedures for innovative drugs, and accelerates the review of innovative drugs that are urgently needed in clinic, which greatly stimulates the research and development vitality of pharmaceutical companies." The relevant person in charge of Renfu Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. told reporters that in recent years, a number of new drugs have been approved for listing in this enterprise, and new breakthroughs have been achieved in innovation capability.

　　　 Among many reform measures, the system of drug marketing license holders deserves attention. Previously, only pharmaceutical manufacturers could apply for drug registration. In order to register drugs, researchers and research institutions must first invest and build factories themselves. This management system of product registration and production license is not conducive to drug innovation. In 2015, China launched a pilot system of drug marketing license holders in 10 provinces and cities, and drug research and development institutions and researchers can apply for registered drugs. Expert analysis pointed out that this move reduced the capital investment and time cost of drug developers, and new drugs could be listed three to five years in advance. In 2019, the drug marketing license holder system was written into the newly revised drug administration law and was fully implemented nationwide.

　　　 According to National Medical Products Administration, in recent years, China has made great progress in the development of innovative drugs. From 2018 to 2021, the number of innovative drugs approved for marketing increased year by year, with 11, 12, 20 and 45, respectively, including Covid-19 vaccines and clinically urgent therapeutic drugs in the fields of tumors, immune system diseases and rare diseases. The pace of medical device innovation is also accelerating. In 2021, 35 innovative medical devices were approved for listing, which is the largest number of innovative products approved in recent years.

3. Consistency evaluation improves the efficacy of generic drugs.

　　　 In recent years, many drugs that were originally expensive began to reduce their prices. Careful observation shows that there is a "hero" behind the decline in drug prices — — Generic drugs.

　　　 Innovative drugs provide new options for treating diseases and saving lives, but for the vast majority of patients, generic drugs are their life. According to National Medical Products Administration, China’s modern pharmaceutical industry started late, and the production of drugs is mainly imitation. More than 95% of the chemicals that have been approved for marketing are generic drugs.

　　　 Generic drugs are imitations of the original drug after the patent protection period expires, and the price is much lower than that of the original drug. In the past, China’s generic drug evaluation and approval standards were not high, and there was a lack of high-quality generic drugs, and the curative effect was very different from that of the original drug.

　　　 Improving the quality and efficacy of generic drugs is an important goal of evaluation reform, and the solution is the consistency evaluation of generic drug quality and efficacy — — For generic drugs that have been approved for marketing, the evaluation should be carried out according to the principle of consistency with the quality and efficacy of the original drug. The core is that generic drugs should reach the level consistent with the original drug in quality and efficacy, and can replace the original drug in clinic.

　　　 "There are several key issues in carrying out consistency evaluation, one is the selection and determination of reference preparations, the other is the determination of technical standards, and the third is to strictly follow the procedures." According to the person in charge of National Medical Products Administration, the Bureau ensured the smooth development of generic drug conformity evaluation by improving the evaluation system, strictly evaluating standards, strengthening service guidance and optimizing the workflow. At present, 4677 specifications of generic reference preparations have been published, and 2044 specifications and 437 varieties have been applied for through consistency evaluation.

　　　 Consistency evaluation puts generic drugs on the right track, and ultimately benefits the people. Since the pilot of centralized drug procurement and use organized by the state was launched nationwide in 2019, a number of domestic generic drugs won the bid. Medical insurance, health insurance and other departments have organized medical institutions to carry out research on 14 representative generic drugs that won the bid, and confirmed that these 14 generic drugs that passed the consistency evaluation are clinically equivalent to the original drugs. Generic drugs with the same efficacy as the original drug are not only cheaper, but also further reduce the price of the original drug under competitive pressure, greatly reducing the burden of patients.

4, emergency review and approval for epidemic prevention and control to provide a strong guarantee.

　　　 4 days, which is the time for China to complete the review and approval of the first Covid-19 nucleic acid detection reagent and sequencing reagent in the world.

　　　 On January 20, 2020, National Medical Products Administration Instrument Center started the emergency work overnight, and the reviewers stayed up all night to connect with the enterprises one by one, and the review and research and development were carried out simultaneously. On January 26th, the first batch of four in vitro diagnostic reagent products were approved for marketing, which provided an effective detection method for the first line of anti-epidemic.

　　　 The outbreak of epidemic situation in COVID-19 challenges the evaluation reform. Xu Jinghe, deputy director of National Medical Products Administration, said at the Boao Forum for Asia in 2021 that the role of drug supervision departments in epidemic prevention and control has changed, from reviewers to instructors, working with enterprises to speed up product listing.

　　　 It is understood that National Medical Products Administration made every effort to carry out emergency review and approval during the epidemic. Five Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing, two Covid-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use, and 34 vaccine varieties from five technical routes have entered clinical trials. Organized the formulation of three technical guidelines for research and development of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19, approved 58 applications for clinical trials of therapeutic drugs in Covid-19, and approved the registration and listing of Qingfei Detoxification Granules, Huashi Detoxification Granules and Xuanfei Detoxification Granules. 106 novel coronavirus detection reagents were approved to effectively meet the needs of epidemic prevention and control.

　　　 The epidemic is not over yet, and the emergency review and approval is still going on. As long as people’s health needs it, the evaluation reform will not stop. The drug supervision departments and reviewers have been speeding up on the road of realizing healthy China, so as to run out of acceleration for people’s health.

　　　 (Reporter Chen Haibo)

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, April 26th

People’s Republic of China (PRC) Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Ecological Protection Law

(Adopted at the Second Session of the 14th the NPC Standing Committee on April 26th, 2023)

　　catalogue

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 This Law is formulated in order to strengthen the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevent and control ecological risks, ensure ecological security, build a highland of national ecological civilization, promote the sustainable development of economy and society, and realize the harmonious coexistence between man and nature.

　　Article 2 This Law shall apply to activities related to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Where there are no provisions in this law, the provisions of other relevant laws shall apply.

　　The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as mentioned in this Law refers to all administrative regions of Xizang Autonomous Region and Qinghai provinces and relevant county-level administrative regions of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Sichuan Province, Gansu Province and Yunnan Province.

　　Article 3 The ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall respect, conform to and protect nature. Adhere to ecological protection first, natural restoration first, and keep the natural ecological security boundary; Adhere to overall coordination, classified policies, scientific prevention and control, and systematic governance.

　　Article 4 The State shall establish a coordination mechanism for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make overall guidance and comprehensive coordination for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, review major policies, major plans and major projects for ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, coordinate major issues across regions and departments, and supervise and inspect the implementation of relevant important work.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council are responsible for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in accordance with the division of responsibilities.

　　Article 5 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall implement the responsibilities of ecological protection and restoration, prevention and control of ecological risks, optimization of industrial structure and layout, and maintenance of ecological security on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Relevant places on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen cooperation in the formulation of local regulations and local government rules, planning, supervision and law enforcement as needed, and jointly promote ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 6 The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall incorporate the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau into the national economic and social development plan.

　　According to the division of responsibilities, the relevant departments of the State Council organize the preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the implementation of major ecological restoration projects, and promote the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a whole. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, organize the implementation of relevant special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in their respective administrative areas. The preparation of special plans for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be scientifically demonstrated and evaluated.

　　Article 7 The State shall strengthen the investigation on the natural resources and ecological environment of the land, forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts, wild animals and plants on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, carry out the evaluation on the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment and the suitability of national space development, improve the monitoring network system of ecological environment, natural resources, biodiversity, hydrology, meteorology, geology, soil and water conservation and natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and promote comprehensive monitoring, collaborative monitoring and normalization monitoring. Investigation, evaluation and monitoring information shall be shared in accordance with relevant state regulations.

　　Article 8 The State encourages and supports scientific investigation and research on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strengthens research on major scientific and technological issues and major scientific and technological infrastructure construction in the fields of climate change, biodiversity, ecological protection and restoration, hydrology and water resources, snow mountain glacier frozen soil, soil and water conservation, desertification control, river and lake evolution, geological environment, natural disaster monitoring, early warning and prevention, development, utilization and protection of energy and climate resources, carbon sequestration of ecosystems, etc., and promotes long-term research work to master the ecological background and changes of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state makes overall arrangements for the scientific and technological innovation platform for ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, increases the training of scientific and technological professionals, makes full use of the scientific investigation and research achievements in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, popularizes and applies advanced and applicable technologies, promotes the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and gives full play to the supporting role of science and technology in ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 9 Relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels shall take effective measures to protect the traditional ecological and cultural heritage of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and promote the excellent ecological culture of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels should strengthen the publicity and education of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, spread the concept of ecological civilization, advocate a green and low-carbon lifestyle, improve the quality of ecological civilization of the whole people, and encourage and support units and individuals to participate in activities related to ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The news media should take various forms to carry out propaganda and reports on ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and supervise the illegal activities by public opinion according to law.

　　Tenth units and individuals that have made outstanding contributions to the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be commended and rewarded in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

　　Chapter II Ecological Security Layout

　　Article 11 The state shall make overall plans for the ecological security layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, promote the comprehensive management, systematic management and source management of grass, sand and ice in mountains, rivers, forests, fields and lakes, implement major projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, optimize the ecological security barrier system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau with water conservation, biodiversity protection, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, and carbon sequestration of ecosystems as its main ecological functions, improve the quality, diversity, stability and sustainability of ecosystems, enhance the supply capacity of ecological products and the service function of ecosystems, and build a national ecological security barrier strategy.

　　Article 12 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize the compilation of the territorial space planning of their respective administrative areas, and shall implement the relevant requirements of the state for the development and protection of the territorial space on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, make detailed arrangements for the functional spaces such as agriculture, ecology and towns, and make overall plans to delimit cultivated land and permanent basic farmland, the red line of ecological protection and the development boundary of cities and towns. The special planning involving the use of land and space in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be linked with the land and space planning.

　　Thirteenth Qinghai-Tibet Plateau land space development and utilization activities should meet the requirements of land space use control. The conversion of uses in the ecological space of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should be conducive to enhancing the ecological functions of forests, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, glaciers, deserts and other ecosystems.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the supervision and management of human activities within the red line of ecological protection and regularly evaluate the effectiveness of ecological protection.

　　Article 14 The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the ecological environment and the utilization of resources in their respective administrative areas, and in accordance with the requirements of the red line of ecological protection, the bottom line of environmental quality and the on-line utilization of resources, strictly formulate the ecological environment zoning control plan and the ecological environment access list, and report them to the competent department of ecological environment of the State Council for the record before implementation. Eco-environmental zoning control scheme and eco-environmental access list should be connected with national land spatial planning.

　　Article 15 The state strengthens the protection of forests, alpine meadows, grasslands, rivers, lakes, wetlands, snow-capped mountains and glaciers, plateau permafrost, deserts, spring areas and other ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Consolidate and upgrade the ecological function areas of grassland meadow wetland in Sanjiangyuan (the birthplace of Yangtze River, Yellow River and Lancang River), Zoige grassland wetland ecological function area, Gannan Yellow River important water supply ecological function area, Qilian Mountain glacier and water conservation ecological function area, Altun grassland desertification control ecological function area, Sichuan-Yunnan forest and biodiversity ecological function area, forest ecological function area on the edge of southeast Tibet Plateau, Qiangtang Plateau desert ecological function area in northwest Tibet, Ecological functions of national key ecological function area, such as water conservation, biodiversity conservation, soil and water conservation, windbreak and sand fixation, etc.

　　Article 16 The State supports the construction of a nature reserve system on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. People’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have set up national parks, nature reserves, natural parks and other nature reserves in the complete distribution areas of important typical ecosystems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, sensitive areas of ecological environment, natural concentrated distribution areas of rare, endangered or endemic wild animals and plants, important habitats, important natural relics and important natural landscapes, and promoted the construction of nature reserves such as Sanjiangyuan, Qilian Mountain, Qiangtang, Mount Everest, Gaoligongshan and Gongga Mountain to maintain important natural ecosystems.

　　Article 17 The industrial structure and layout of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be compatible with the carrying capacity of the ecosystem, resources and environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the requirements of national spatial planning, adjust the industrial structure, optimize the layout of productive forces, give priority to the development of resource-saving and environment-friendly industries, moderately develop eco-tourism, characteristic culture, characteristic agriculture and animal husbandry, ethnic handicrafts and other regional characteristic eco-industries, and establish and improve a green, low-carbon and circular economy system.

　　The construction and expansion of industrial projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the functional orientation of the regional main body and the requirements of the national industrial policy, and strictly implement the provisions on natural resource development, industrial access and exit.

　　Chapter III Ecological Protection and Restoration

　　Article 18 The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, adheres to the integrated protection and restoration of mountains, rivers, forests, fields, lakes, grass, sand and ice, and implements the systematic management of giving priority to natural restoration and combining natural restoration with artificial restoration.

　　Article 19 The relevant departments and local people’s governments in the State Council shall strengthen the ecological protection and restoration work in the Three Rivers source area, systematically protect and classify the national parks established according to law, scientifically adopt measures such as grazing prohibition and enclosure, intensify the control of degraded grasslands, degraded wetlands, desertified land and soil erosion, and comprehensively rectify severely degraded land; All kinds of resource development and utilization activities that destroy ecological functions or do not meet the requirements of differentiated management and control are strictly prohibited.

　　Article 20 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the protection system of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and strengthen the monitoring, early warning and systematic protection of snow-capped glaciers and frozen soil.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should include large-scale ice cap glaciers and small-scale glaciers in the red line of ecological protection, implement closed protection for important snow-capped glaciers, and take effective measures to strictly control human disturbance.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall delimit the scope of protection of permafrost regions, strengthen the protection of permafrost regions and mid-deep seasonal permafrost regions, strictly control the development of resources in permafrost regions, and strictly examine and approve major engineering projects such as town planning, transportation, pipelines and power transmission and transformation in permafrost regions.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out the coordinated protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and the surrounding ecosystems, and maintain the natural ecological environment conducive to the protection of the snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil.

　　Article 21 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall establish and improve the management and protection system for rivers and lakes on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the system of long rivers and lakes, and increase the protection of key rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, and key lakes such as Qinghai Lake, Zhaling Lake, Ering Lake, Selinchuo, Namco, Yangzhuo Yongcuo and Mapang Yongcuo.

　　The management scope of rivers and lakes in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be scientifically delineated and promulgated by the relevant local people’s governments at or above the county level according to law. It is forbidden to illegally use or occupy rivers, lakes and coastlines on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 22 The development and utilization of water resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the comprehensive planning of river basins, adhere to scientific development and rational utilization, coordinate all kinds of water demand, give consideration to the interests of upstream and downstream, main tributaries and left and right banks, give full play to the comprehensive benefits of water resources, and ensure water safety and ecological safety.

　　Article 23 The state strictly protects natural grasslands in important ecological locations such as the source of great rivers on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and classifies grasslands that play the most basic and important role in safeguarding national ecological security and ensuring the healthy development of grassland animal husbandry as basic grasslands according to law. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the protection of grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implement stricter protection and management of basic grasslands, and ensure that the area is not reduced, the quality is not degraded, and the use is not changed.

　　The state strengthens the ecological protection and restoration of alpine meadows and grasslands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should optimize the construction of grassland fences, take effective measures to protect the original vegetation of grasslands, scientifically promote the ecological restoration of degraded grasslands, and implement comprehensive management of degraded grasslands such as black soil beaches.

　　Article 24 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall coordinate the grassland ecological protection and the development of animal husbandry in an overall way, and, in light of the local actual conditions, regularly check the carrying capacity of grasslands, implement the balance between grass and livestock, scientifically delimit grazing prohibition areas, and prevent overloading and overgrazing. Grassland severely degraded, desertified, salinized and rocky desertification and grassland in ecologically fragile areas shall be prohibited from grazing and closed for grazing.

　　Grassland contractors shall make rational use of grasslands and shall not exceed the approved livestock carrying capacity of grasslands; Measures such as planting and storing forage, increasing forage supply, adjusting livestock and optimizing herd structure are taken to keep the balance between forage and livestock.

　　Article 25 The state comprehensively strengthens the protection of natural forests on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, strictly restricts the cutting of natural forests, strengthens the protection of native zonal vegetation, optimizes the structure of forest ecosystem, and improves the shelter forest system in important river basins. The people’s governments at the provincial level in the State Council and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall demarcate public welfare forests in important ecological areas and ecologically fragile areas of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law and implement strict management.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments should scientifically implement land greening, adjust measures to local conditions, rationally allocate arbor, shrub and grass vegetation, give priority to the use of native tree species and grass seeds, improve the quality of greening, and strengthen pest control and forest and grassland fire prevention.

　　Article 26 The State strengthens the protection and restoration of wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, enhances the ecological functions of wetlands such as water conservation, climate regulation and biodiversity protection, and enhances the carbon sequestration capacity of wetlands.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should strengthen the coordination of wetland protection, take effective measures, implement the requirements of the total wetland area control target, optimize the spatial layout of wetland protection, strengthen the overall protection of river sources, upper and middle reaches and peat swamp wetlands, and comprehensively rectify and restore wetlands with serious ecological degradation.

　　It is forbidden to exploit peat in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige. It is forbidden to open (enclose) reclamation, drain natural wetlands and other acts that destroy wetlands and their ecological functions.

　　Article 27 The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall implement the strictest farmland protection system, take effective measures to improve the basic fertility of cultivated land, enhance the ecological function of cultivated land, and protect and improve the ecological environment of cultivated land; Encourage and support agricultural producers and operators to adopt the methods of combination of cultivation and utilization, saline-alkali land improvement, ecological cycle and comprehensive utilization of wastes, scientifically utilize cultivated land, popularize the use of green and efficient agricultural production technologies, strictly control the application of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and scientifically dispose of agricultural wastes such as agricultural films and crop straws.

　　Article 28 The competent departments of forestry, grassland, agriculture and rural areas of the State Council, together with the relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, conduct a survey of wildlife species, put forward opinions on implementing protection measures according to the survey, improve the relevant directory system, and strengthen the protection of important habitats of wildlife, migration routes and original habitats of wild plants. Key protection will be given to wild yak, Tibetan antelope, Przewalski’s gazelle, snow leopard, giant panda, Gaoligong white-browed gibbon, black-necked crane, Hucho taiwanensis, yellow river fish with bony lips, black-spotted pheasant, flat-nosed fish, naked carp and Rhodiola crenulata, Cyperaceae in Tibet, snow rabbit and other rare and endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The state supports the development of wild animal rescue and breeding bases and the construction of botanical gardens and plateau biological germplasm resources banks, and strengthens the rescue and ex-situ protection of rare, endangered or endemic wild animal and plant species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall organize relevant units and individuals to actively carry out comprehensive prevention and control of wildlife damage. If wildlife causes casualties or losses to livestock, crops or other property, compensation shall be given according to law.

　　Article 29 The State strengthens the protection of biodiversity on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements major projects for biodiversity protection, and prevents the destruction of biodiversity.

　　Relevant departments in the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to establish and improve ecological corridors and enhance the integrity and connectivity of ecosystems.

　　Article 30 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their departments in charge of forestry and grassland shall take measures such as the closure and protection of desertified land, the protection and restoration of vegetation, and strengthen the ecological protection of desert and the comprehensive management of desertified land.

　　Article 31 The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take measures such as closed cultivation, rotational grazing, and resettlement, and implement key control projects such as plateau mountains, farmland sand belt, river bank belt, and ecological protection belt to enhance the function of soil and water conservation.

　　Article 32 The water administrative department of the State Council and the people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall take effective measures to strengthen the prevention and control of soil erosion in the headwaters of the three rivers, the Heihe River Basin of Qilian Mountain, the upper reaches of Jinsha River and Minjiang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River, and the areas where the Jinsha River, Lancang River and Nujiang River are in parallel, as well as the key prevention areas and control areas of soil erosion, and the valley areas with relatively dense population.

　　It is forbidden to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is really necessary to build because of the national development strategy and the national economy and people’s livelihood, it should be scientifically demonstrated, and the examination and approval procedures should be handled according to law, and the disturbance scope should be strictly controlled.

　　Article 33 The establishment of exploration rights and mining rights on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall conform to the requirements of national spatial planning and mineral resources planning. It is prohibited by law to engage in sand mining and mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in the nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River.

　　Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the prospecting and mining rights holders shall adopt advanced and applicable technologies, equipment and products, and choose environmentally friendly and safe exploration and mining technologies and methods to avoid or reduce the damage to mineral resources and ecological environment; It is forbidden to use technologies, equipment and products that have been explicitly eliminated by the state. Engaged in mineral resources exploration and mining activities in eco-environment sensitive areas shall comply with relevant control requirements and take protective measures such as avoidance, mitigation and timely restoration and reconstruction to prevent environmental pollution and ecological damage.

　　Article 34 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take measures such as eliminating hidden dangers of geological disasters, land reclamation, vegetation restoration and pollution prevention and control according to local conditions, speed up the ecological restoration of mines left over from history, strengthen the supervision and management of mines under construction and operation, and urge mining rights holders to fulfill their responsibilities of mine pollution prevention and ecological restoration according to law.

　　Mining mineral resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should scientifically compile the mining plan of mineral resources and the ecological restoration plan of mining areas. New mines shall be planned, designed, constructed and operated in strict accordance with the standards for green mine construction. Production mines should implement green upgrading, strengthen the operation and management of tailings ponds, and prevent and resolve environmental and safety risks.

　　Chapter IV Prevention and Control of Ecological Risks

　　Article 35 The State shall establish and improve the ecological risk prevention and control system of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, take effective measures to improve the ability and level of ecological risk prevention and control such as natural disaster prevention and climate change response, and ensure the ecological security of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 36 The State shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the investigation, evaluation, monitoring and early warning of natural disasters such as earthquakes, avalanches, ice collapses, mountain collapses, landslides, mudslides, glacial lake bursts, frozen soil melting, forest and grassland fires, heavy rains (snows), droughts, etc.

　　When engineering construction is carried out in areas prone to geological disasters, the risk assessment of geological disasters shall be carried out in accordance with relevant regulations, and measures such as project management or relocation and avoidance shall be taken in time.

　　Article 37 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the comprehensive management of natural disasters, raise the standards of natural disaster prevention projects such as earthquakes, mountain torrents, glacial lake bursts and geological disasters, and establish natural disaster prevention projects and non-engineering systems that are compatible with the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Construction and operation units of infrastructure projects such as transportation, water conservancy, electric power, municipal administration and border crossings shall undertake the obligation of prevention and control of natural disasters according to law, take comprehensive control measures, strengthen the prevention and control of natural disasters during project construction and operation, and ensure the safety of people’s lives and property.

　　Article 38 If major engineering construction may cause ecological and geological environmental impacts, the construction unit shall, according to the conditions of sensitive and fragile areas along the engineering line, formulate ecological and geological environmental monitoring programs along the line and carry out full-life cycle monitoring of ecological and geological environmental impacts, including background monitoring before the project starts, ecological and geological environmental impact monitoring during the engineering construction, and follow-up monitoring of ecological and geological environmental changes and protection and restoration during the engineering operation period.

　　Major projects should avoid important habitats of wild animals, migration routes and natural concentrated distribution areas of national key protected wild plants; If it is impossible to avoid it, measures such as building wildlife passages and ex situ conservation should be taken to avoid or reduce the impact on natural ecosystems and wildlife.

　　Thirty-ninth local people’s governments at or above the county level in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall strengthen the protection and management of the germplasm resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, organize the investigation and collection of the germplasm resources, and improve the relevant resources protection facilities and databases.

　　It is forbidden to collect or cut natural germplasm resources under special state protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. If it is necessary to collect or cut for scientific research, pest control, natural disaster prevention, etc., approval shall be obtained according to law.

　　Article 40 The relevant departments of the State Council and the provincial people’s government of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, make overall plans to promote the prevention and control of alien invasive species in the region, implement the management of examination and approval of alien species introduction, strengthen the prevention and control of alien invasive species at ports, and strengthen the investigation, monitoring, early warning, control, evaluation, removal and ecological restoration of alien invasive species.

　　No unit or individual may introduce, release or discard alien species without approval.

　　Article 41 The State shall strengthen the monitoring of climate change and its comprehensive impact, establish a forecasting system for the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecosystem, climate system, water resources, rare and endangered or endemic wildlife, snow-capped mountains, glaciers and frozen soil and natural disasters, improve the ecological risk reporting and early warning mechanism, and strengthen the assessment of the impact of climate change on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and the evolution of plateau ecosystem.

　　The people’s governments at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should carry out monitoring and risk assessment of the impact of melting and degradation of frozen soil in snow-capped mountains on regional ecosystems.

　　Chapter V Guarantee and Supervision

　　Article 42 The State shall increase financial investment in ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the central government shall allocate special funds for ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, prevention and control of ecological risks, etc. The investment in the central budget will tilt the infrastructure and basic public service facilities in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should increase capital investment and focus on supporting the construction of ecological protection and restoration projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 43 The State shall increase the financial transfer payment, and compensate the areas with important ecological functions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by increasing the transfer payment coefficient and adding ecological and environmental protection expenditure. The people’s government at the provincial level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should fully incorporate the areas with important ecological functions into the scope of compensation transfer payment for ecological protection at the provincial level, and promote the combination of ecological protection and improvement of people’s livelihood.

　　By carrying out the unified registration of natural resources, the state explores and determines the ownership of ecological products in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improves the management and development mechanism of ecological products, encourages the creation of regional public brands of ecological products with characteristics in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and forms a diversified path to realize the value of ecological products.

　　Article 44 The state provides support for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, implements financial and tax policies conducive to water conservation, energy conservation, soil and water conservation, environmental protection and comprehensive utilization of resources, and encourages the development of financial products such as green credit, green bonds and green insurance.

　　The state encourages and supports non-profit organizations and social capital to participate in the ecological protection and restoration of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and to carry out activities such as ecological product development, industrial development, scientific and technological innovation and technical services.

　　Article 45 The state supports the construction of an energy system based on wind power, photovoltaic power generation, hydropower, water and wind complementary power generation, light and heat, geothermal and other clean energy sources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to local conditions, strengthens the construction of clean energy transmission channels, and promotes the green and low-carbon transformation of energy sources.

　　In addition to ensuring residents’ electricity consumption and consolidating border defense needs, it is forbidden to build new small hydropower projects on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Article 46 The development of eco-tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should meet the requirements of resource and ecological protection, respect and maintain local traditional culture and customs, and protect and rationally utilize tourism resources.

　　Local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments shall, in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state, scientifically develop eco-tourism products on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, design tourist routes, and reasonably control the number of tourists and the scale of related infrastructure construction.

　　Organizing or participating in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau tourism, mountain outdoor sports and other activities shall abide by safety regulations and civilized behavior norms, and meet the requirements of regional eco-tourism and mountain outdoor sports control and norms; It is forbidden to destroy the natural landscape and grassland vegetation, hunt and collect wild animals and plants.

　　Organize or participate in activities such as tourism on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and outdoor sports in mountainous areas, and should take away the garbage generated by themselves or put it in designated places; It is forbidden to dump or scatter domestic garbage at will.

　　Article 47 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, according to the carrying capacity of regional resources and environment, make overall plans to promote the construction of major infrastructure such as transportation, water conservancy and energy, and environmental infrastructure such as the collection and treatment of domestic sewage and garbage, strengthen the ecological protection and restoration in cities and neighboring areas, make overall plans for the construction of comprehensive service facilities in urban and rural communities, and accelerate the equalization of basic public services.

　　The local people’s governments at all levels on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau should take effective measures to promote the treatment of rural domestic sewage and garbage, promote the renovation of rural sanitary toilets and rural greening, continuously improve the rural living environment, shape the rural landscape, and build an ecologically livable beautiful countryside.

　　Article 48 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall, in accordance with the division of responsibilities, supervise and inspect various activities of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, investigate and deal with illegal acts, disclose relevant information on ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, and improve the procedures for public participation.

　　Units and individuals have the right to report and accuse illegal acts that pollute the environment and destroy the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law.

　　Article 49 The relevant departments of the State Council and the local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and their relevant departments shall strengthen the capacity building of ecological protection supervision and management on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, improve the level of science and technology and informatization, establish a law enforcement coordination mechanism, and carry out joint law enforcement for major illegal cases and illegal cases across administrative regions and ecologically sensitive areas according to law.

　　Article 50 The state implements the performance evaluation system of ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and includes the improvement of environmental quality, the effectiveness of ecological protection and the supply capacity of ecological products in the index system.

　　Article 51 The State strengthens the construction of judicial guarantee for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and encourages relevant units to provide legal services for the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

　　Administrative law enforcement organs, people’s courts and people’s procuratorates at all levels in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the process of investigating and handling illegal acts of ecological protection in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau according to law, or handling compensation litigation and public interest litigation for damage to natural resources and ecological environment, shall transfer criminal clues to organs with investigation and investigation powers.

　　Article 52 The local people’s governments at or above the county level on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall regularly report to the people’s congresses at the corresponding levels or their standing committees on the ecological protection of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau by the people’s governments at the corresponding levels.

　　Chapter VI Legal Liability

　　Article 53 If the relevant departments of the State Council and local people’s governments at all levels and their relevant departments violate the provisions of this Law and commit dereliction of duty, abuse of power and malpractice in performing relevant duties, the directly responsible person in charge and other directly responsible personnel shall be given a warning, demerit, gross demerit or demotion according to law; If serious consequences are caused, he shall be dismissed or expelled, and the principal responsible person shall take the blame and resign.

　　Article 54 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, commits any of the following acts on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be given a heavier punishment in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and regulations:

　　(a) engaged in resource development and utilization activities in national parks, causing ecological damage;

　　(2) Exploitation of peat or reclamation and drainage of natural wetlands in peat swamp wetlands such as Xingsuhai, Zhaling Lake, Eling Lake and Zoige;

　　(three) to carry out production and construction activities that may cause soil erosion in areas with serious soil erosion and fragile ecology;

　　(4) Collecting or cutting natural germplasm resources under special state protection;

　　(5) Introducing, releasing or discarding alien species without authorization;

　　(six) the destruction of natural landscape or grassland vegetation;

　　(7) Hunting and collecting wildlife under special state or local protection.

　　Article 55 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, uses or occupies rivers, lake waters and coastlines of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau shall be ordered by the water administrative department of the people’s government at or above the county level to stop the illegal act, dismantle it within a time limit and restore it to its original state, and be fined between 50,000 yuan and 500,000 yuan; If it is not removed or restored to its original state within the time limit, it will be forcibly removed or restored to its original state on its behalf, and the expenses required will be borne by the offender.

　　Article 56 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, engages in mining activities that do not meet the requirements of ecological protection and control in nature reserves at the source of rivers such as the Yangtze River, the Yellow River, the Lancang River, the Yarlung Zangbo River and the Nujiang River, shall be ordered by the competent department of natural resources and ecological environment to make corrections according to the division of responsibilities, and the illegal income and equipment and tools directly used for illegal mining shall be confiscated; Illegal income of more than one hundred thousand yuan, and impose a fine of ten times more than twenty times the illegal income; If the illegal income is less than 100,000 yuan, a fine of not less than 100,000 yuan but not more than 1 million yuan shall be imposed.

　　Article 57 Where a construction unit builds a small hydropower project in violation of the provisions of this Law, it shall be ordered by the local people’s government at or above the county level to stop the construction, and shall be ordered to restore the original state according to the illegal circumstances and harmful consequences, and a fine of not less than 1% but not more than 5% shall be imposed on the construction of total investment of the project.

　　Article 58 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of this Law, dumps or scatters domestic garbage at will during tourism and outdoor sports in mountainous areas shall be ordered by the competent department of environmental sanitation or the department designated by the local people’s government at or above the county level to make corrections, and the individual shall be fined from 100 yuan to 500 yuan, and if the circumstances are serious, a fine of from 500 yuan to 10,000 yuan shall be imposed; A fine of not less than 50,000 yuan but not more than 500,000 yuan shall be imposed on the unit.

　　Article 59 If anyone pollutes the environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau or destroys the ecology of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and causes damage to others, the infringer shall bear the tort liability.

　　In case of damage to the ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau caused by violation of state regulations, the organ prescribed by the state or the organization prescribed by law shall have the right to request the infringer to bear the responsibility for repair, compensate the losses and related expenses.

　　Article 60 Whoever violates the provisions of this Law and constitutes a violation of public security administration shall be given administrative penalties for public security according to law; If a crime is constituted, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law.

　　Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

　　Article 61 The relevant county-level administrative regions stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 2 of this Law shall be determined by the departments authorized by the State Council.

　　Article 62 Provinces, autonomous regions, cities divided into districts and autonomous prefectures on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau may formulate specific measures for ecological protection on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in light of local conditions.

　　Article 63 This Law shall come into force as of September 1, 2023.

CCTV News:On June 5th, the Ministry of Education issued the Action Plan for Deepening the Teaching Reform of Basic Education Curriculum. This year, it will start the deepening reform of basic education curriculum and deepen the core literacy orientation. By 2027, it will form a supporting normal and long-term implementation mechanism.

The "Action Plan for Deepening the Teaching Reform of Basic Education Curriculum" proposes that the national, local and school-based curriculum implementation of compulsory education and the compulsory, selective compulsory and elective curriculum implementation of ordinary high schools will be planned as a whole according to the national curriculum plan, with emphasis on giving local and school curriculum implementation autonomy.

Ordinary senior high school: offering elective courses in different levels and categories.

It is necessary to formulate school plans for curriculum implementation. In the compulsory education stage, it is necessary to ensure the full implementation of the national curriculum and pay attention to the overall implementation of local curriculum and school-based curriculum; On the basis of ensuring that compulsory courses are well opened, ordinary senior high schools pay attention to adapting to students’ special advantages and development needs, and provide stratified and diverse elective courses to form a series of courses that reflect the school-running characteristics.

Changing teaching methods and paying attention to inspiring interactive inquiry teaching

The reform of teaching methods will be carried out, focusing on the key and difficult issues of teaching reform such as core literacy-oriented teaching design, subject practice (experimental teaching), interdisciplinary theme learning, homework design, examination proposition and comprehensive quality evaluation, and exploring practical models for effectively promoting teaching reform in regions and schools with different development levels. Pay attention to heuristic, interactive and inquiry teaching, overcome the phenomenon of simple teachers telling students to listen and teaching knowledge, and guide students to think actively, ask questions actively and explore independently.

National and provincial curriculum monitoring will be carried out, key indicators for monitoring will be developed, and the status of curriculum implementation and the development of students’ core literacy will be monitored, and a feedback improvement mechanism will be formed to provide reference for effectively promoting curriculum implementation.

Paying attention to process evaluation and promoting students’ all-round development

The plan also puts forward that we should pay attention to the teaching evaluation of core literacy, give play to the guiding, diagnosis and feedback functions of evaluation, enrich innovative evaluation methods and pay attention to process evaluation, so as to promote teaching and learning by evaluation and promote students’ all-round development.

　　On the morning of March 4th, the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress held a preparatory meeting in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing. The meeting elected the Presidium and Secretary-General of the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress, and adopted the agenda of the First Session of the 13th National People’s Congress. China News Service reporter Liu Zhenshe Liu Zhenshe

　　BEIJING, Beijing, March 5 (Xinhua) The first session of the 13th National People’s Congress will open this morning, and Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China will give a report on government work.

　　The NPC session opened at 9: 00 today.

　　According to the published schedule, the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress opened at 9: 00 this morning in the Great Hall of the People. Today’s agenda includes:

　　Listen to Li Keqiang, Premier of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China’s report on government work;

　　Review the State Council’s report on the implementation of the national economic and social development plan for 2017 and the draft national economic and social development plan for 2018;

　　Review the State Council’s report on the implementation of the central and local budgets in 2017 and the draft central and local budgets in 2018;

　　Wang Chen, Vice Chairman and Secretary-General of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC), explained the draft amendment to the Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　In the afternoon, the delegations held a plenary meeting to review the government work report.

　　The duration is 15 days and there are 14 press conferences.

　　On the morning of the 4th, a press conference was held at the first session of the 13th National People’s Congress. Zhang Yesui, spokesman of the conference, introduced that the conference had 10 agendas and closed on the morning of March 20th, with a duration of 15 and a half days.

　　According to reports, there will be 14 press conferences during this session of the National People’s Congress, in which the heads of the special committees of the National People’s Congress and the working bodies of the Standing Committee will be invited to answer the questions of Chinese and foreign journalists on the legislative work and supervision work of the National People’s Congress, and the main heads of relevant ministries and commissions in the State Council will be invited to answer the hot issues of concern to the people in economic and social development.

　　In addition, on the morning of 20th, after the closing of the conference, the new Premier the State Council will meet with Chinese and foreign journalists in the Golden Hall on the 3rd floor of the Great Hall of the People and answer questions, accompanied by vice premiers.

　　Open the "representative channel" for the first time

　　According to the arrangement, before the opening meeting of the conference, today is 8:05— At 8:45, the first "Delegate Channel" centralized interview activity was held in the north side of the Central Hall of the Great Hall of the People, and 10 NPC deputies were invited to be interviewed.

　　The list of delegates attending the first "Delegate Channel" is as follows:

　　Ma Huateng (Chairman and CEO of Tencent Computer System Co., Ltd., Guangdong delegation)

　　Wang Yaping (deputy division astronaut of China People’s Liberation Army Astronaut Brigade, delegation of PLA and Armed Police Force)

　　Xu Liyi (Deputy Secretary and Mayor of Hangzhou Municipal Committee of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang delegation)

　　Guo Fenglian (Secretary of the General Party Branch of Dazhai Village, Dazhai Town, Xiyang County, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province, Shanxi delegation)

　　Gong Baoxiong (Party branch secretary of Liangjiahe Village, Wen ‘anyi Town, Yanchuan County, Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi delegation)

　　Yang Changqin (farmer in ethnic village, Datong Town, Chishui City, Guizhou Province, head of Chishui Hand-held Bamboo Art Development Co., Ltd., Guizhou delegation)

　　Zuo Xiangyun (villager from Shenshan Village, Mao Ping Township, Jinggangshan City, Jiangxi Province, Jiangxi delegation)

　　Chen Hong (Party Secretary and Chairman of Shanghai Automotive Group Co., Ltd., Shanghai delegation)

　　Wang Jianqing (monitor of "Wang Taoban" in the first workshop of the General Assembly Plant of Dongfeng Commercial Vehicle Co., Ltd., Hubei delegation)

　　Kuoray (Chief fitter and chief skill expert of CRRC Qingdao Sifang Locomotive & Rolling Stock Co., Ltd., Shandong delegation)

　　In addition to the "representative channel", the "ministerial channel" has also attracted much attention.

　　According to reports, the conference will continue to invite the principals of various ministries and commissions in the State Council who attend the meeting as nonvoting delegates to be interviewed by the media in the ministerial corridor of the North Hall of the Great Hall of the People, to interpret the government work report and relevant policies, and to respond to social concerns. (End)

　　Entering the main flood season, flood control and flood fighting work in many places across the country has entered a critical stage. In cities and rivers, high-tech flood control equipment and innovative flood control tools have been used everywhere. Flood control baffles, unmanned rescue boats and other "black technologies" have played an important role in emergency rescue and disaster relief.

　　Improve efficiency, patrol dikes, check risks and install the "eagle eye" of science and technology

　　Before the storm and flood disaster, the flood control pressure of the dam increased due to the rising water of the river. How to carry out the dangerous inspection of the dam accurately and efficiently? Let’s first meet such an intelligent robot.

　　The total length of dikes in small and medium-sized rivers in China is nearly 400,000 kilometers. Every year, dangerous situations such as piping, leakage and collapse of dikes are the main causes of burst floods, which can easily lead to group deaths and group injuries. After receiving the information of rainstorm and flood disaster, it is very important to conduct dike danger inspection quickly and efficiently, accurately lock the dangerous position and report the dangerous situation to prevent and resolve major disasters such as dam break.

　　CCTV reporter Guorong Tang:This equipment, called Emergency Intelligent Patrol AR10, is a black technology specially used to inspect the river embankment. Its weight is less than 1kg, and it can be carried under the drone to realize 24-hour uninterrupted dangerous inspection of the river. The results of the inspection will also be fed back in time through a piping detection software on the computer. The green spots on the map are the relatively safe places on this river, and the five places marked in red are the dangerous places such as piping and leakage. With such reports and results, it can help river maintenance personnel to quickly locate the place and deal with the dangerous situation.

　　According to reports, in the past, the inspection of dikes mainly relied on manual inspections, and the inspection distance per hour was only four or five kilometers. The inspection process took a long time and could not be monitored around the clock. There were also high risks of operators in extreme environments and misjudgments. This emergency intelligent patrol AR10 can work safely 24 hours a day, and can complete the river patrol within 20 kilometers in one hour, with the missing rate below 5% and the false alarm rate below 30%, which greatly improves the patrol efficiency.

　　Gao Oasis, Assistant Researcher, National Institute of Natural Disaster Prevention and Control, Ministry of Emergency Management:The biggest feature of this equipment is that it can accurately and quickly inspect the dike danger through multi-sensor integration and artificial intelligence identification algorithm. At present, this set of equipment has been applied in many dangerous scenes in China. In 2024, when Tuanzhou embankment in Dongting Lake, Hunan Province broke, we used this equipment to inspect the embankment 15 kilometers between Qiantuan dikes for half a month, and found out 19 dangerous places, and established an interpersonal cooperative dike danger inspection mode, which improved the efficiency by more than 70 times compared with the traditional manual inspection, effectively alleviating the problems existing in manual inspection of dikes.

　　According to reports, at present, the equipment has carried out dike inspection in 12 provinces in 7 major river basins across the country, with a cumulative cruising mileage of more than 2,000 kilometers, and 175 piping leakage hazards have been identified, effectively preventing the risk of dike breach in small and medium-sized rivers.

　　L-shaped flood control baffle — — Water retaining weapon for urban flood control

　　In case of water accumulation caused by rainstorm or flood in the city, the light and efficient L-shaped flood baffle is a common weapon to stop water. This baffle adopts modular design and has the characteristics of high waterproof and compressive stability. The baffle is pressed to the ground by water pressure to form friction to enhance stability, and it will not topple even if the flood exceeds the top. It can be built quickly before the rainstorm and flood disaster comes.

　　Han Lei, 1st Squadron of Rescue Base of Wuhan Branch of the Third Engineering Bureau of China Anneng Group:The L-shaped flood control guide plate is easy to install, and a 10-meter-long flood control retaining wall can be built in one minute, which is more than 10 times more efficient than traditional sandbags. The whole body is made of ABS material, and the single weight is only 1kg, which is corrosion-resistant and beautiful, and can be used continuously for more than 10 years. It is especially suitable for emergency flood control in urban low-lying areas.

　　A number of new intelligent water rescue boats have been put into practical application.

　　When rainstorm and flood disasters occur, people often get trapped in water or rivers. Facing the stormy water environment, how can we ensure the personal safety of trapped people and rescuers? A number of new intelligent water rescue boats have been put into practice and actual rescue.

　　In recent years, in all kinds of water rescue drills, new unmanned rescue equipment, such as unmanned aerial vehicles and flying rescue boats, have played an important role in working in harsh environments and the speed of rescuers. Among them, a flight rescue boat developed by Sichuan Fire Fighting Co., Ltd., as the first unmanned combat equipment invested this year, is particularly eye-catching in water rescue. It can quickly fly to the drowning person from the air by remote control by the operator on the shore, provide a lifesaving floating body, and pull the drowning person back to the shore from the water surface.

　　Wu Di, stationmaster of Yingbin Avenue Special Service Station of Leshan City Fire Rescue Detachment, Sichuan Province:The flight rescue boat has the ability of air flight and surface navigation at the same time, and can take off normally in the environment of strong wind and (strong) magnetic field interference. When rescuing in complex waters, rescuers can launch rescue operations only by remote operation, which greatly reduces the risk of firefighters in water rescue. In addition, the equipment can also quickly lock the drowning person within 1 km at all times through its high-definition pan/tilt and infrared night vision system, which greatly increases the survival probability of the drowning person.

　　In addition to the speed of rescue, in the actual disaster relief process, how to rescue as many trapped people as possible in a harsh environment is also the key to rescue. A kind of equipment called self-righting rescue boat has solved this problem well. It is also called "I-shaped rescue tumbler", which is suitable for transporting people and materials under extremely harsh and difficult conditions and can carry 6-8 people at a time. The reason why it is called "tumbler" is because of its unique design. No matter what happens on the water, it will not capsize.

　　Han Lei, 1st Squadron of Rescue Base of Wuhan Branch of the Third Engineering Bureau of China Anneng Group:The self-righting lifeboat adopts a unique triangular design, and the structure of double round cylinders on both sides makes the center of gravity all in the center of the ship, effectively ensuring the stability of the hull. Even if it is inclined by 90 degrees, it will not turn over, ensuring the safety of users. The maximum speed is 62 kilometers per hour, which can quickly start rescue.

　　Self-righting lifeboats are simple, fast and reliable in transportation, which makes up for the shortcomings that ordinary rescue boats are difficult to rescue under harsh conditions such as rapids, huge waves in the sea and rolling dams. Because of its multi-layer composite material, it can effectively prevent stabbing and scratching. The "tumbler" not only improves the rescue efficiency, but also provides reliable survival guarantee for people in distress, and plays an irreplaceable role in actual combat.

　　Communication rescue equipment ensures the transfer of personnel in the "three broken" isolated island

　　When storms and floods occur in remote areas such as mountainous areas, it is easy to form rescue "islands" with damaged infrastructure such as communications, electricity and transportation, which brings severe challenges to rescue and disaster relief. How to restore communication and rescue isolated islands, various localities have explored different solutions and scientific and technological means.

　　In extreme disasters, it is easy to cause large-scale damage to infrastructure such as communications and transportation, leading to "three breaks" — — The situation of disconnection, network disconnection and power failure makes the trapped people in an information island, which brings severe challenges to emergency rescue and disaster relief. The "Xinglitong" emergency call terminal independently developed by the National Institute of Natural Disaster Prevention and Control is a satellite communication terminal equipment that has just come out this year and is used by grassroots people. Accurately lock the trapped person through the thermal imaging lens of the drone and deliver it to the trapped person by throwing it in the air of 100 meters. Xinglitong can realize the functions of self-targeting, voice guidance to trapped people, one-click disaster reporting and so on, and successfully set up a communication network between trapped people and external sources.

　　Jiao Qisong, Associate Research Fellow of National Institute of Natural Disaster Prevention and Control:We will prefabricate the phone number of the local command center or rescue department before delivering this phone. One-click call mainly solves the problem that people can’t operate the terminal when they are in a panic and it is difficult to aim at the star.

　　Xinglitong has well solved the practical difficulties such as harsh requirements and complicated interface operation of traditional satellite phones. At present, the technology has been finalized and put into mass production, and the application of this terminal will effectively open up the "last mile" of reporting disaster information at the grassroots level.

　　In addition to allowing the trapped people to communicate with the outside world, how to supply the trapped people with materials and the subsequent transshipment work requires a more complete air support system and aviation emergency construction. In June this year, influenced by the typhoon "Butterfly" superimposed high-altitude trough and monsoon, Huaiji County, Zhaoqing, Guangdong Province was hit by a once-in-a-century flood. Some villages were seriously affected, traffic was interrupted, and people were trapped by floods, making rescue difficult. Faced with the situation that the land was completely blocked and the people were almost trapped in an isolated island, the local emergency response mechanism was launched at the first time, and three emergency rescue helicopters were quickly dispatched to perform the task of air delivery and transshipment of emergency materials, effectively ensuring the basic living needs of the affected people. The rescue helicopters played an important role in the "air life channel" at a critical moment.

　　Cai Hanyue, Party Secretary of Guangdong Disaster Prevention and Mitigation Center:The main materials transported are cool quilts, towel quilts and blankets, and then instant noodles, eight-treasure porridge and mineral water, which are mainly transported by air according to the needs of the people in the disaster area.

　　It is reported that Guangdong Province has established 12 helicopter garrison bases and more than 1,800 basic networks of temporary take-off and landing points in towns and streets, and built a network system of take-off and landing points that covers the whole province and goes directly to towns and villages. Achieve the goal of helicopters reaching the disaster area within one hour in the province.

　　(CCTV reporter Guorong Tang)

　　CCTV News:At the source of the Red River at the foot of Ailao Mountain in western Yunnan, there is an ancient city of Weishan with strong local historical and cultural characteristics, which is the birthplace of Nanzhao ancient country and an important transportation hub on the ancient tea-horse road.

　　In the west of Yunnan, at the source of the Red River, the ancient city of Weishan opens every day in a series of delicious food with fireworks rising. A noodle, thin bean powder, and bait block … … In Weishan, there are more than 350 kinds of snacks.

　　Weishan is an important transportation hub on the ancient tea-horse road, a distribution center for industrial and commercial materials, and an important stop for horse drivers. Traces of horse teams can be seen everywhere in the ancient street.

　　Weishan prospered because of the tea-horse trade. In the Hongwu period of the Ming Dynasty, because of the implementation of the military camp, immigrants from the Central Plains built this ancient city full of wisdom here. Overlooking Weishan, the ancient city chose the terrace area in site selection to avoid damaging the surrounding fertile fields. The ancient city is high in the north and low in the south, high in the east and low in the west, forming a rapid drainage system. There has never been waterlogging in the ancient city for more than 600 years.

　　Standing outside the north gate of the ancient city, you will find that the whole gate is tilted to the west, passing through the doorway, and looking back at this ancient street, it also looks inclined. This pattern, which is called "slanting doors and crooked roads", actually contains its unique architectural wisdom.

　　Cha Shangzhen, Party Secretary of the Housing and Urban-Rural Development Bureau of Weishan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, said that the wind is relatively strong and the street is slightly inclined to avoid the direct blowing of the north wind. The ancient houses in Weishan ancient city are all some buildings with four-in-one and five-patios left over from Ming and Qing Dynasties, which increase the lighting slightly to the west to make up for the lack of light.

　　Weishan ancient city has a history of more than 600 years, but the culture here can be traced back to 1300 years ago. This small shop is an important stop for foreign tourists to understand the culture of southwest ethnic minorities. This gorgeous costume is the court costume of Nanzhao ancient country under the rule of Tang Dynasty, and the peony and camellia on the clothes show the elegance of the court. In the 8th century AD, the ancestors of Yi people unified six local tribes and established such a minority regime.

　　Guo Xiaobin, Party Secretary of Weishan Culture and Tourism Bureau, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, said that Nanzhao ancient country adopted the political line of "taking the Tang Dynasty as the official moon" and made important contributions to consolidating the unity of the southwest frontier of the motherland and the prosperity of the nation. In the north gate of the ancient city in the Qing Dynasty, two plaques, Six Letters from Kui Xiong and Wan Li Zhantian, were hung, which showed the unified thought.

　　Today, in Weishan, brothers and sisters of more than 20 nationalities, such as Han, Yi and Hui, accept visitors from all over the world with simple and friendly feelings. Walking along the street, there are more than 400 ancient buildings and more than 4,000 sets of cultural relics listed for protection in the small town. Wenhua Academy in Qing Dynasty is still a place of Chinese studies for studying piano, chess, calligraphy and painting.

　　Walking in the ancient buildings, I found many small patches with different colors.

　　Zi Xing, director of the Cultural Relics Management Office of Weishan County, Dali Prefecture, Yunnan Province, introduced that the inheritors of wood carvings at Weishan provincial level should be carved and supplemented, and the cultural relics should be repaired with embroidery.

　　In addition to exquisite craftsmanship, in Weishan, three-dimensional mapping technology is applied to the protection of ancient buildings.

　　Cha Shangzhen said that now with three-dimensional mapping, tens of thousands of points can be measured at a time, and details, textures, colors, materials, and even the details of cracks or tiles in the wall can be completely recorded. After the establishment of the database, no matter what kind of risk damage the building will encounter in the future, it can be completely restored according to the data. Leave the wisdom and heritage of the ancients to future generations, and what kind of city the ancients left us, we will leave it to future generations.

　　On the streets of Weishan ancient city, lusheng with mellow sound quality, exquisite cloth and colorful songs have attracted tourists from all over the world to stop and enjoy. There are 89 intangible cultural heritages at all levels in Weishan, and 21 intangible cultural workshops have been set up locally, which makes the intangible culture glow with "new life". Non-legacy songs are integrated with fashionable street dance, and tie-dyeing techniques meet with modern catwalks. When the ancient non-legacy collides with youth, the ancient city of Weishan also glows with new elegance in the vigorous pulse.

1905 movie network news Directed and directed by Bo Huang, the film starring Wang Baoqiang, Shu Qi, LAY, Yu Hewei, Wang Xun, Li Qinqin and Li Youlin will be released nationwide on August 10th. On June 12th, the first stop was Xi ‘an, and Suzhou, known as the "paradise on earth", opened the second stop of the national roadshow of the film. Director Bo Huang appeared in Jiangsu University of Science and Technology and Suzhou University Park successively, sharing anecdotes in film creation and thinking changes of the first director. He laughed at himself and liked to be in the same frame with Wang Baoqiang, thanking LAY for subverting the image. During this period, Bo Huang sang and danced the theme song "The Best Stage" on the spot, which caused the audience to scream, and there were students playing pipa on the spot. In the interactive session, Bo Huang encouraged everyone that pressure is motivation, and they should bravely stick to what they like. After all, life is a good play, and they also put on the embroidered headscarf donated by Auntie Powder. The gift of high emotional intelligence is very suitable for them — — Cover your face and be more photogenic, and personally challenge Su embroidery to create "a good show".

Bo Huang parachuted into Suzhou to chat about the film story. Creativity likes to be in the same box with Wang Baoqiang. I am grateful to LAY for subverting the image.

When he arrived in Suzhou University, Bo Huang chatted with the students on the scene about the mental journey behind the film creation, saying that he was not a trendsetter. The story ideas in the director’s first film began to be conceived as early as 2010 and have been adjusted all the time. Even during filming, he discussed some contents with Xú Zhēng, who is "acting well and guiding". Regarding the story of the film, he also invited the students present to make bold guesses. A student who saw the trailer said: The film may be a group of people who are unexpectedly in a strange environment, with roles such as leader, follower, dissension, swing, etc. Finally, in suspicion, some people use charisma to win the position of leader and contribute to a good ending. But some people speculate that it may be beauty and the beast, survival in the wilderness, Jedi counterattack, and extreme challenge … … In the face of the students’ free speech, Bo Huang said that everyone’s imagination exceeded expectations, and they shared their own creative process and feelings. The whole sharing session was full of laughter.

At the meeting, Bo Huang also released the stills of the movie The Island, expressing his gratitude for his good popularity and inviting so many capable people to participate in this adventure. He suggested that everyone should also absorb good popularity in the school and the growth process after graduation. For example, everyone you invite to dinner should be recorded in a small notebook, and you should find them when something happens, which will cause laughter on the spot. In addition, when it comes to the actors of the crew, he is also turned into a paragraph hand to ridicule. Apart from the goddess Shu Qi, he likes to be in the same box with Wang Baoqiang. After all, he looks better. For LAY’s subversive modeling, it is because he is naturally hostile to good-looking boys, but the biggest challenge of Yixing is actually in the shaping of the role, so he is also very grateful to the other party for working with him for five months; Wang Xun is a very colorful person in the film, but he really plays the annoying person to the fullest. When directing a film for the first time, Bo Huang shared his personal feelings: "The actor is a local job, but the director needs to co-ordinate all lighting, photography and actors. The whole way of thinking is different, and the satisfaction after completion is also different. But from another perspective, the director is also a person who finds capable people to share the pressure when his ability is not enough. "

Singing and dancing the theme song of the movie "The Best Stage" set off the climax of the audience, challenging Su embroidery talents and high emotional intelligence dialogue Auntie powder.

When introducing the theme song of the film, that is, the song and dance "The Best Stage", which made its debut on the stage of the Spring Festival Evening, the audience cheered constantly, collectively demanding that Bo Huang on the stage dance the Divine Comedy again, and he was also free and easy to dance, which set off the climax of the whole activity. Bo Huang also revealed to everyone that in fact, it took more than ten days for the Spring Festival Gala program to be told, and pressure was the driving force. In the face of difficulties in study and life, everyone must go forward bravely. Especially the job-hunting problems faced by many graduates at the scene, Bo Huang also suggested that everyone should stick to what they like and create a good play in their own lives through their own experience.

In the interactive session that followed, in the face of students’ sharp questions, Bo Huang did not shy away from answering them sincerely. Regarding the question of paying more attention to word-of-mouth or box office, director Bo Huang said that it is of course the best to combine the two points, but it is more important to present what I want in my heart. In this meeting, in addition to the enthusiastic participation of the students, there is also a Su embroidery headscarf presented by an aunt powder to Bo Huang during the interaction. Bo Huang also responded with high emotional intelligence that the aunt’s gift is very suitable for him, covering his face can be more photogenic, and personally picked up the embroidery circle and tried to create Su embroidery with the words "A good show".