[car home New Car Launch] Although we have seen (|) and iX at the online launch a few months ago and at the auto show afterwards, they are not complete. Now you don’t have to wait, because BMW has officially shown us all aspects of i4 and iX. I4 interior not only has the blood of the current product, but also has the elements of "New Big Brother" iX, and also introduced the M model; The accurate endurance of the iX two models is also impressive. Both cars will be launched in China at the end of this year, and iX will also welcome the 600-horsepower iX M60 model in 2022.

Bmw i4
Starting price in the US market: US$ 55,400 (equivalent to about RMB353,500).

　　One of the highlights of this conference is the interior of BMW i4. From the overall shape and lines, the interior of i4 has a strong family gene, and the standard T-shaped center console obviously leans towards the driver in the central part, creating the "sense of encirclement" that sports cars should have. The hexagonal central air-conditioning outlet, air-conditioning control area and the components around the shift lever can make people recognize that this is a car from Bavaria.

　　The most eye-catching part inside the new car is the double screen standing on the center console. Like the dual screen on iX, this screen on i4 has a curved surface design, with a touch screen size of 14.9 inches and a full LCD instrument size of 12.3 inches. The overall position biased towards the driver further highlights the positioning of the new car focusing on the driver. At the same time, the latest iDrive 8.0 system also appeared on this screen, which can be linked with the driving mode, not only further upgrading the experience, but also by going up one flight of stairs in visual effect.

　　In addition to the interior, the i4 eDrive40 was unveiled together with the i4M50, the first pure electric M product. The new car continues the standard version of i4′ s slender and stretched body proportion, and the low roof, slip-back style and four doors are ingeniously integrated, which hides a ready-made beauty in the breath of sports. The length, width and height of the new car are 4785/1852/1448 mm, the wheelbase is 2856 mm, the front and rear wheel tracks are 1600/1630 mm, and the drag coefficient is as low as 0.24cd.

　　In terms of details, the new car has redesigned the front enclosure, which is more powerful in structure and more visually aggressive. The unique motorized star screen grille greatly improves the vehicle recognition, and there are air guides designed for brake cooling on both sides of the front bumper, which are decorated with carbon fiber. In the rear part, the i4 M50 also has a slightly upturned carbon fiber rear spoiler, a more aggressive rear enclosure and a lower diffuser design. The new car’s double five-spoke rims, side skirts and frosted Portiman blue are all unique designs.

　　In terms of power, the i4 M50 has a maximum power of 544 HP and a peak torque of 795 Nm, which has surpassed the new M4 Thunder Edition. Accordingly, the new car can accelerate from standstill to 100 km/h in 3.9 seconds. At the same time, with the help of 80.7 kWh battery pack, the new car has a maximum cruising range of 510 kilometers (WLTP working condition).

　　In contrast, the i4 eDrive40 has a maximum power of 340 HP, a peak torque of 430 Nm, and an acceleration time of 5.7 seconds from 0 to 100 km/h.. The capacity of the battery pack is also 80.7 kWh, but the lower comprehensive power consumption (16-20kWh/100 km under WLTP) means a longer cruising range-590 km.

Bmw iX
Starting price in the US market: 83,200 US dollars (equivalent to about 530,900 yuan)

　　There are not as many new information points about iX as i4 in this online conference, but each one is crucial. For example, the specific power parameters of two existing iX models: the maximum power of iX xDrive 40 model is 326 HP, the peak torque is 630 Nm, and the acceleration time of 0-100 km/h is 6.1 seconds. The battery pack has a net capacity of 71 kWh and a cruising range of 425 km under WLTP conditions. The maximum power of iX xDrive 50 is 523 HP, the peak torque is 765 Nm, and the acceleration time from 0 to 100 km/h is 4.6 seconds. The maximum cruising range of the battery pack with a net capacity of 105.2 kWh under WLTP conditions is 630 kilometers. Two models will be launched in China at the end of this year.　

　　But the most exciting part is that iX will launch iX M60 in 2022, and the maximum power of the new car will reach 600 horsepower. As for the specific power and endurance performance, BMW will announce it in the following days, which can be said to have satisfied the appetite of fans.

　　As a model that opens the new era of BMW, iX’s efforts in intelligent assisted driving are also worth noting. The new car has a total of six cameras, including panoramic cameras installed on the front, rear and both exterior rearview mirrors, forward-looking cameras installed behind the front windshield and augmented reality cameras. Various sensors and forward radar installed in the front grille also provide good hardware support for the driving assistance function of the vehicle.

　　Having said that, let’s review the design of iX appearance and interior for everyone. The exterior design of iX, which made its Asian debut at the Shanghai Auto Show, was led by Li Tianyuan, a China-born designer. The iX, located in a medium-sized and large SUV, showed a sporty body posture. The slender front, powerful shoulders, large wheels and relatively thick body made iX extraordinarily magnificent.

　　The interior design of the carriage is thinner and flatter, and the flat center console shows a simple, fashionable and futuristic design after simplifying the physical buttons to the greatest extent and compressing the volume of the air outlet of the air conditioner. The most striking part is the double screen with curved surface design, and the car system becomes more convenient with the support of iDrive 8.0. Although the driving mode adjustment part of the new car adopts a layout similar to that of the fuel version of BMW, the wooden panel and the crystal knob vividly reflect BMW’s imagination and exquisite craftsmanship.

　　In addition, iX is the first pure electric vehicle of BMW brand with xDrive intelligent all-wheel drive system. The new car can provide ideal torque distribution for the front and rear axles in real time according to the power demand during driving. The new car also provides an integrated active steering system (rear axle steering function). When the vehicle runs at low speed, the front and rear wheels rotate in the opposite direction, while at high speed, it rotates in the same direction, which will significantly optimize the flexibility of vehicle handling.

More information about BMW

　　BMW official said that the brand’s thinking about electrification is more biased towards quality, product stability and luxury attributes, and it will not sacrifice a certain performance in order to highlight a certain performance, which is not in line with BMW’s principles.

　　In the crucial year of 2025, BMW also has rich plans. The first is to launch the sixth generation eDrive power unit and brand-new battery technology, and then a prototype with solid-state battery will be released, and mass production will be in 2030. BMW said that the new battery technology will help electric vehicles achieve the cruising range and manufacturing cost comparable to those of internal combustion engines. At the same time, BMW is also exploring hydrogen fuel cell technology, which will be produced in small batches in 2022 and reserved as a technical port. (Text/car home Ding Bojun)

　　Cctv newsRecently, the Trump administration of the United States has repeatedly issued "three arrows" and frequently put pressure on North Korea. The situation on the peninsula, which has been calm for several weeks, is facing the risk of falling into "circular confrontation" again. Let’s see which "three arrows" the United States has shot at North Korea.

　　"First Arrow": Diplomatic isolation. On the 20th of this month, the DPRK was reclassified into the list of "countries supporting terrorism"; This is nine years later, the United States once again labeled North Korea as a "state sponsor of terrorism".

　　"Second Arrow": Economic sanctions. On the 21st of this month, the US Treasury Department imposed sanctions on a number of North Korean enterprises, ships and individuals, further cutting off the source of funds for North Korea’s nuclear research and development.

　　"The Third Arrow": Military deterrence. On the 24th of this month, Yonhap News Agency quoted the South Korean Ministry of National Defense as saying that the United States and South Korea will launch a joint military exercise of "Watch out for Ace" from December 4th to 8th. For the first time, the US military sent six F-22 Raptors, which are known as the world’s strongest stealth fighters, to participate.

　　US F-22 and F-35 or a joint military exercise in the United States and South Korea.

　　At the beginning of next month, six F-22 Raptors will join the F-35 stealth fighters in the joint military exercise between South Korea and the United States. After dispatching three aircraft carriers at the same time, the US military made another big move.

　　Korean media said that if the US F-22 set off from Wushan Air Force Base in South Korea, it could "break through" the dense North Korean radar network and penetrate into Pyongyang’s airspace in just seven minutes.

　　Korean media: It is the first time that two state-of-the-art fighters have participated in the show at the same time.

　　TV North Korea TV station commented that it is the first time that the F-22 and another advanced stealth fighter F-35 of the US military simultaneously attacked the Korean peninsula to participate in the joint military exercise between the United States and South Korea.

　　F-35 fighter is the fifth generation multi-purpose combat aircraft developed by the United States and some allies. It is equipped with new avionics and has radar stealth capability. The F-35 is divided into three versions: A, B and C, which are conventional take-off and landing type, short take-off and vertical landing type and aircraft carrier take-off and landing type, and are used by the Air Force, Marine Corps and Navy. On the 18th of this month, the F-35 fighter planes of the US Marine Corps flew to the Iwakuni base of the US military stationed in Japan to start deployment. This is the first time that the United States has deployed this model outside the mainland, with a total of 16 aircraft deployed.

　　The F-22 Raptor is claimed to be the strongest stealth fighter in the world. F-22 "Raptor", by Lockheed? Developed by Martin, the fuselage length is 18.9 meters, the wingspan is 13.56 meters, the cruising speed is 1960 km/h, and the top speed can reach 2410 km/h. The remarkable advantage of F-22 lies in its powerful "four super" capability — — Super stealth, supersonic cruise, super maneuverability, and over-the-horizon strike. Among them, the super stealth ability is the key to the F-22′ s ability to haunt and become a "battlefield raptor".

　　From fighter planes to aircraft carriers, the United States continues to put pressure on North Korea.

　　According to Yonhap News Agency, the US F-22 and F-35 fighter formations are believed to be participating in exercises such as "enemy infiltration" and "precision strike" together with Korean fighters in this joint military exercise of "vigilance ace". South Korean officials said that the US move is intended to exert "maximum pressure" on North Korea.

　　Since the beginning of this year, the situation on the Korean peninsula has suddenly become tense. The United States has sent advanced fighter planes such as B-1B, F-35B and F-22 to the peninsula in turn to send a shocking signal. In addition to the strengthening of the air force, the US aircraft carrier fleet is also strengthening its deployment in the western Pacific. From 11th to 14th of this month, three US aircraft carrier strike groups held a military exercise in the western Pacific. This military exercise was the first gathering of three aircraft carrier strike groups since they participated in the exercise in the waters near Guam in 2007.

　　On the occasion of Chinese New Year in the Year of the Loong, Russians are busy preparing for the general election from March 15th to 17th, which will be the first highlight of the global "super election year" in 2024.

　　According to the Global Times, the Russian Central Election Commission announced the list of candidates for the presidential election on February 8. In addition to Putin, the other three candidates are Russian Duma Vice Chairman Da Vankov, Liberal Democratic Party leader slutsky and communist party candidate Harry Tonov.

　　According to a poll conducted by the Russian Public Opinion Research Center, 62% of the respondents said they would definitely vote, 14% said they might vote, 4% said they might not vote, and 7% said they would definitely not vote.

　　The poll was conducted by telephone interview on February 8, and a total of 1,600 Russian citizens over the age of 18 were surveyed. Among the respondents who intend to vote, 75% said they would support Putin in the general election, 5% said they would support Vladislav da Vankov, the candidate of the New Party, Nikola Khaled Tonov, the candidate of the Russian Communist Party, and Leonid slutsky, the candidate of the Liberal Democratic Party, tied for third place with 4% support rate. The results of the latest polls show that the number of people who support Putin’s re-election this time is very close to the 76.69% vote rate of Putin in the latest 2018 general election.

　　As a world-class power that ranks among the "five permanent members" of the United Nations, holds a powerful nuclear arsenal, vast resources and global political influence, Russia, which has experienced two years of Russian-Ukrainian conflict, has become a hot topic of global concern at the juncture of this general election.

Above: On February 12, 2024, Russian President Vladimir Putin presided over the Russian Economic Work Conference.

Who is singing "Against Taiwan" with Putin?

　　Compare the four candidates who participated in the Russian presidential election-in terms of age, Harry Tonov is the oldest, 75 years old; The youngest is da Vankov, who has just turned 40. In terms of academic qualifications, all four candidates have received higher education. Putin and Harry Tonov are associate doctors in economics (equivalent to Dr. China), da Vankov is associate doctor in sociology, and slutsky is doctor in economics (equivalent to postdoctoral fellow in China).

　　In terms of election experience, two of the four presidential candidates have participated in the presidential election. Putin participated in the presidential election four times, and Harry Tonov participated in a presidential election in 2004. Slutsky and da Vankov ran for the first time this year.

　　In terms of duties, except Russian President Vladimir Putin, the other three candidates are all members of the State Duma (lower house of parliament), Da Vankov is the vice chairman of the State Duma, slutsky is the chairman of the State Duma International Affairs Committee, and Harry Tonov is the chairman of the State Duma Far East and Arctic Development Committee.

　　In terms of property, according to the income information submitted by four people from 2017 to 2023, Da Vankov earned the most. His income in six years was about 76.91 million rubles (about 5.945 million yuan), and his wife earned 810,000 rubles (about 62,000 yuan). Slutsky has the lowest income, with an income of about 35.98 million rubles (about 2.78 million yuan) and his wife’s income of 29.16 million rubles (about 2.25 million yuan). Putin has the largest deposit, about 54.41 million rubles (about 4.205 million yuan), and slutsky has the least deposit, with only 1,285 rubles (about 990,000 yuan). However, slutsky has the most real estate, with 7 properties; Putin has the least real estate, only an apartment and a parking space in St. Petersburg.

　　Apart from Putin who registered for the election by self-nomination, who are the other three-Da Vankov, slutsky and Harry Tonov?

　　Gou Liwu, an assistant professor at the School of Marxism of Tongji University and a young researcher at the Russian Research Center of East China Normal University, the key research base of humanities and social sciences of the Ministry of Education, told Xinmin Weekly that Vladislav da Vankov was born in Smolensk in 1984 and was the youngest of the four presidential candidates. Da Vankov graduated from Moscow University in 2006, joined nechayev’s company in the same year, and was promoted to vice president in 2013. In 2020, nechayev founded the New Party, and appointed Da Vankov as the chairman of the Central Executive Committee. In 2021, he was elected as a member of the Russian Duma, and Duma Chairman Volodin appointed Da Vankov as the vice chairman of the Duma. Da Vankov is a rare moderate opposition. During the COVID-19 epidemic, it opposed compulsory vaccination. In the Russian vote to recognize the independence of Donetsk and Lugansk, the New Party was the only party that abstained. In addition, da Vankov also supported the candidacy of Najreddin, a fellow candidate.

　　Slutsky, born in 1968, is the leader of the ultra-nationalist Liberal Democratic Party and has rich professional experience. Since 1999, he has served in the State Duma and successively served as the first vice-chairman and chairman of the State Duma International Affairs Committee. Because he has a doctorate in economics, he has served as a teacher in colleges and universities, a senior bank manager and an adviser to the mayor of Moscow. It is worth noting that slutsky has been accused of sexual harassment, violation of traffic regulations, bribery and many other charges, among which Nabal also accused him of illegally accumulating wealth. Since 2014, slutsky has been sanctioned by many countries in the United States and the European Union for supporting Putin’s policy on the Ukrainian crisis.

　　Harry Tonov, born in 1948, is a member of the Russian Communist Party of party member. He is the oldest of the four candidates. Harry Tonov, a former party member of the Agricultural Party, has served in the State Duma since 1994. He quit the Agricultural Party in 2007 because he was dissatisfied with the cooperation between the Agricultural Party and the United Russia Party, and joined communist party in 2008, with strong support from zyuganov. Since 2011, he has served as the chairman of the Far East and Arctic Development Committee. Harry Tonov once participated in the presidential election on behalf of the Russian Communist Party in 2004, with 13.69% of the votes second only to Putin. Although Harry Tonov opposed Putin’s series of propositions, Harry Tonov was sanctioned by the United States and the West for supporting Putin’s position on the Ukrainian crisis.

Several forces in Russian politics today

　　The political map of Russia has changed greatly in the past 24 years. Yekaterina Denzova, a candidate who opposed the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, announced that she would participate in the 2024 presidential election as an independent candidate and launched an anti-war political platform, but the Russian Central Election Commission rejected her nomination. Later, Deng Zuowa found another way to set up the Dawn Party, but it still ended without results. And Deng Zuowa had the same experience as Najreddin, who sharply criticized the "special military action". Although Najreddin won the signature support of more than 100,000 voters, it was questioned.

　　In fact, even if Deng Zuowa and Najreddin can participate in the presidential election, they will not pose any threat to Putin. However, the Russian Central Election Commission still prohibits them from participating in the election for the same reason, and there is no information about these two candidates in the final list of candidates.

　　Gou Liwu pointed out that after the disintegration of the Soviet Union, all the participating republics started the so-called "democratic transformation" to varying degrees, and also established a political party election system similar to that of the West during this period, but some of them did not completely copy the free election system of the West, but merged their own political traditions. Russia, Ukraine and Belarus have all participated in the presidential election independently. In Russia, Yeltsin, the first president, and then Putin and Medvedev all participated in the presidential election in an independent capacity and were successfully elected president. In Ukraine, the first President kravchuk, and later Kuchma and Yushchenko all participated in the presidential election as independent candidates and were successfully elected. In Belarus, from 1991 to the present, all previous presidential candidates participated in the presidential election as independent.

　　It is worth noting that Putin is not the leader of the All-Russian Party, but the leader of the All-Russian People’s Front. As a political party alliance, the All-Russian People’s Front includes United Russia Party, Just Russia-Patriot-For Truth Party, All-Russian Party "Motherland" Party, Newcomer Party, Russian Ecological Party "Green Party" and Russian Progressive Socialist Party. In Russia, in 2018 and this presidential election, although Putin participated in the presidential election as an independent candidate, he also had an identity as the leader of the All-Russian People’s Front.

　　According to the Russian election law, non-political party candidates need to be nominated by a group of at least 500 supporters, in addition, at least 300,000 supporters’ signatures need to be collected. The groups that nominated Putin included senior officials of the ruling United Russia Party, famous Russian actors and singers, athletes and other public figures. Therefore, Putin’s participation in the election as an independent candidate shows to a great extent that he represents the interests of all Russian people, rather than representing Russia through a certain political party.

　　Apart from the All-Russian People’s Front led by Putin, what are the main forces in Russian politics today?

Above: Russia will hold a presidential election from March 15th to 17th, 2024, and the voting will last for three days.

　　Xu Changzhi, deputy secretary-general of the Sino-Russian strategic cooperation high-end cooperation think tank of the China Academy of Social Sciences and a researcher at the Eurasian Institute for Social Development of the the State Council Development Research Center, said that according to the traditional classification method, there are probably several forces in the Russian Federation’s current political arena: first, the United Russia Party represents the traditional center-right forces; The second is the Russian Republic, just Russia-patriots-for the truth party, belonging to the center-left; The third is the liberal democratic party, which represents the extreme right forces; The fourth is the newly established New People’s Party, which is also a center-right force, but it is different from the traditional center-right force represented by all-Russian party representatives. It mainly represents young people who support the center-right position.

　　Since he became acting president of Russia on December 31, 1999 and took office on May 7, 2000, Putin has been in power for 24 years, from being president to being prime minister and then being president. In the past 24 years, various forces in Russian politics have probably developed in two ways: one is to be incorporated into the system and become the opposition in the establishment, such as the Russian Communist Party, the Communist Party of Russia, the Liberal Democratic Party and the New Party; On the other hand, if you take a position that does not support Putin, you will either be driven out of the country, put in prison, or fail to register as a presidential candidate.

Navalny’s death has limited impact.

　　It is particularly noteworthy that Russia’s main opposition leader Navalny died suddenly in prison recently. He was once regarded as the only person most likely to influence the presidential election. So, will his death affect the next general election?

Above: Ukraine confirmed that Navalny died of thrombosis.

　　Navalny, who is of Russian and Ukrainian descent at the same time, graduated from Russian People’s Friendship University, Federal University of Finance and Economics and Yale University successively. In 2000, he joined the United Democratic Party of Russia "Yabolu" and began to go into politics in 2002. Because of the discrepancy between his ideology and his political party, he was expelled from the party in 2007.

　　Later, he began to become a Russian dissident leader against Putin, and during the election of the Russian State Duma in 2011, he accused the United Russia Party of cheating in the election, organized demonstrations, and eventually turned into a nationwide anti-Putin incident and was arrested and imprisoned. On December 30, 2014, Navalny was found guilty of fraud and sentenced to imprisonment with a three-and-a-half-year suspension. However, in 2016, the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation overturned this judgment.

　　In 2018, he was arrested several times, but was quickly released. In August 2020, he was suspected of being poisoned on his way back to Moscow from Siberia by plane, and Putin approved him to go to Germany for treatment. Navalny said that the behind-the-scenes ambassador of the "poisoning" incident was the Russian government, while the Russian government believed that it was directed and performed by Navalny and western intelligence agencies.

　　After escaping a robbery, he returned to Moscow in January 2021 and was detained as soon as he arrived at the airport. In 2021, he was sentenced to three and a half years in prison for economic crimes, and in 2022, he was sentenced to nine years in prison for contempt of court and election fraud. In August last year, he was sentenced to 19 years in prison for sedition and other crimes.

　　In December last year, Navalny’s spokesman claimed that after losing contact with him for three weeks, he found that he was transferred to the third prison of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Region in Siberia to serve his sentence. On February 14th this year, he also sent a message to his wife, You Liya, on social networking sites through his lawyer, with sweet photos of them. Unexpectedly, two days later, he died unexpectedly …

　　In response to Navalny’s accidental death, the EU adopted the 13th round of sanctions against Russia, and the United States also imposed a new round of sanctions on Russia. Ironically, later, the Ukrainian side announced that the information from the intelligence system that Navalny died of thrombotic disease indirectly proved that he was not killed by Putin. "According to the official Russian poll data, Putin’s public support rate still maintains an absolute advantage of 75%, so even if Navalny’s accidental death will have a certain impact on Russian society, in the early days of the’ special military operation’, the Russian government has taken countermeasures in the fields of society and public opinion, so it has little impact on the upcoming presidential election." Yan Liwu said. The support rate is as high as 75%, far higher than other candidates who follow closely. This means that in the Russian presidential election in 2024, there is no suspense for Putin to be re-elected. Reporter | Chen Bing

　　Cctv news(News Network): Rivers are rushing and China is splendid. Starting from today (October 1st), News Network has launched a series of reports, "Rivers Pentium to See China", which shows the great achievements made in China’s economic and social development in the new era along the great rivers rushing forward on the motherland, and vividly presents the beautiful China with happy people’s lives and vibrant society. Today, first of all, go along the mother river, the Yangtze River, to see the green change of the Yangtze River Economic Belt.

　　Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the provinces along the Yangtze River have put the restoration of the ecological environment of the Yangtze River in an overwhelming position. At the source of Tuotuo River and Bande Lake, once herders became environmental protection volunteers to protect the biodiversity at the source of the Yangtze River. In the upper reaches, Yunnan, Sichuan and Chongqing have established a cross-provincial horizontal ecological compensation mechanism to jointly build an ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River; In the middle reaches, Hubei, Hunan and Jiangxi provinces promoted ecological joint defense and governance, and the green ecological corridor in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River was accelerated. In the downstream, the three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta jointly do a good job in sewage outlet remediation to improve the ecological quality of transboundary water bodies in the basin.

　　The upper, middle and lower reaches work together, the river basin is treated together, and the lakes and ponds are treated together. In 2021, the proportion of excellent water quality in the state-controlled section of the Yangtze River basin was 97.1%, and the water quality of the main stream has reached Grade II for two consecutive years. Not long ago, during the 2022 scientific expedition of finless porpoises in the whole Yangtze River basin, the expedition team found several finless porpoises in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, and the finless porpoise frequency is now a vivid footnote for the ecological transformation of the Yangtze River.

　　Recuperate. From January 1, 2021, the key waters of the Yangtze River Basin will be closed to fishing for ten years. 111,000 fishing boats and 231,000 fishermen were arrested and landed. In Xuejiawa, Maanshan, Anhui Province, Chen Lanxiang, who has been fishing all his life, put down his fishing net and boarded the Internet to set up "Three Girls Labor Service Co., Ltd." to drive the fishermen ashore to start businesses together. In 2021, the company paid a dividend of 7,000 yuan to each household of the fishermen.

　　Adhere to ecological priority and green development, and the golden waterway will be smoother. Chongqing in the upper reaches, China-Europe trains, the new land and sea channel in the west and other international logistics channels are fully connected; Wuhan in the middle reaches, the routes to Japan and South Korea are becoming more and more mature; Just last month, the single day and night container throughput of the downstream Shanghai Port exceeded 170,000 TEUs, a record high. In 2021, the cargo throughput of trunk ports of the Yangtze River exceeded 3.5 billion tons, ranking first among inland rivers in the world.

　　Promote high-quality development, adhere to innovation drive in all provinces and cities along the Yangtze River, and accelerate the growth of a number of competitive and influential advantageous industrial clusters. Guizhou relies on abundant hydropower resources to build a big data industry; Sichuan and Chongqing continue to exert their efforts in automobile, electronic information and equipment manufacturing industries; Hunan’s advanced equipment, new energy and new materials industries have injected new kinetic energy into high-quality development; Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Anhui jointly built the Yangtze River Delta Science and Technology Innovation Community, jointly unveiled the Yangtze River Delta National Technology Innovation Center, and continuously promoted the deep integration of science and technology industries.

　　"Protect in development and develop in protection", along the Yangtze River, we are striving to become the main battlefield of ecological priority and green development, unblock the domestic and international double circulation aorta, lead the main force of high-quality economic development, and play the "Song of the Yangtze River" in the new era.

China People’s Congress Network News On the morning of December 25th, 2008, the Sixth Session of the 11th the National People’s Congress Standing Committee (NPCSC) reviewed the State Council’s report on the progress of water pollution prevention and control. Wang Sheng, deputy to the National People’s Congress, suggested in his speech:

First, we should strengthen and improve the cadre assessment mechanism. How to strengthen the assessment? To further implement the Scientific Outlook on Development, we must first increase the weight of energy-saving emission reduction and pollution control indicators in the performance evaluation of party and government cadres, and solve the long-standing phenomenon that party and government cadres are hard-working and soft-handed in grasping economic work and energy-saving emission reduction and pollution control. Recently, it was reported that jiangsu provincial party committee and the provincial government have done a lot of work in this respect, and incorporated Taihu Lake governance into the comprehensive index system of Scientific Outlook on Development implemented by relevant cities and counties as an important part of the performance evaluation of leading cadres at all levels along Taihu Lake. Through this evaluation system, a large number of enterprises around Taihu Lake were shut down and transferred, which made Taihu Lake governance have a good effect. Therefore, in this regard, I think it is necessary to strengthen the cadre assessment mechanism.

Second, we should strengthen the accountability of enterprises. Enterprises are actually the main body of pollution reduction, and now enterprises are often passively investigated in this respect, because enterprises want to maximize profits. How to stimulate the internal motivation of enterprises to save energy, reduce emissions and control pollution, and how to make enterprises consciously do a good job in this regard? It is to solve the problem of low illegal cost and high law-abiding cost of enterprises, so it is necessary to use an iron fist to control pollution and severely punish illegal acts of enterprises.

Third, we should strengthen education and guidance for farmers. Building a new socialist countryside needs blue sky and clear water, but the domestic pollution, garbage pollution and non-point source pollution in rural areas are very serious. On the one hand, farmers don’t know enough. On the other hand, the government has done a lot of good things to solve the drinking water problem in rural areas, which has made the drinking water in rural areas meet the safety standards, but it has also brought about another problem. Originally, farmers paid attention to the water in rivers and ditches because they wanted to drink it. Now that drinking water is safe, they pay less attention to the prevention and control of water pollution. Garbage is dumped into ditches and rivers. Now all rural areas are building new villages, and some rural areas are bagging garbage, but farmers’ understanding of water pollution and non-point source pollution should be solved. For example, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers and pesticides is only 30%, that is to say, 70% of chemical fertilizers and pesticides rush into rivers and ditches, forming water pollution. Therefore, how to strengthen the guidance and help in this respect and improve farmers’ awareness of water pollution prevention and control? We should strengthen education, help farmers to use fertilizers and pesticides rationally, improve the utilization rate of fertilizers and pesticides, and solve non-point source pollution.

Fourth, we should strengthen the matching and improvement of policies and regulations. At present, it’s a bit chaotic for us to grasp water control, and to grasp this one and throw away that one. Therefore, it is necessary to play a chess game in the laws and regulations, and to have a chess game guiding ideology for the protection of key water basins, the prevention and control of urban residents’ water pollution and the prevention and control of rural water pollution. Strengthening the prevention and control of water pollution should be a systematic project. We now advocate that there is only one earth for human beings. There is so much water on the earth, but there is not much water really available for human consumption. How to solve the water pollution problem? Water is the source of life, which has a great relationship with the whole mankind. How to solve this systematic engineering problem? To implement legal responsibilities here, there must be a system of accountability, and at the same time, supervision should be strengthened. (Shen Juan)

1905 movie network news Produced and directed by Shanghai Animation Film Studio, the classic animation of China officially landed in major cinemas across the country on November 5th, and released a word-of-mouth special. Many viewers who had watched the premiere before spontaneously came to Amway after watching the film, saying that they didn’t know why it was one of the best China animations in the eyes of countless people until they watched the film. "The feeling of watching on the big screen is different", "Let the world know that this is the real China animation" and "Many things with China characteristics that we pursue are in this film".

Since the film was self-edited, the film "Tianshu Qitan 4K Commemorative Edition" has caused many hot discussions among netizens for its sincere display of China traditional culture. At the previous premiere, the deeply rooted role images, funny and humorous story contents and the beautiful national style of brush and ink landscapes were unanimously recommended by many peers in the industry and the media. With today’s release, the film, which was hailed as a "landmark", officially met the national audience on the big screen, and the four behind-the-scenes highlights were also announced one by one.

Aspect 1: Meeting with History Witness the significance of China’s animation inheritance after 38 years.

Thirty-eight years ago, the film was born, and the classics that condensed the efforts of countless artists were born. Fantastic ideas, profound China myths and stories, and extremely advanced role images have captured countless audiences. Today, it is still regarded as one of the best China animations by many people.

Thirty-eight years later, the film "Tianshu Qitan 4K Commemorative Edition" was released nationwide on November 5, spanning the long river of time, and this profound China animation once again entered the public’s field of vision. For the audience who have seen it, this restoration is a gift to let them go back to childhood, while for the audience who have not yet experienced it, this work can make them feel refreshed. Since the development of China animation, the inheritance and innovation behind it have always remained unchanged, and "The Wonder Tan in the Book of Heaven" is one of the important works that cannot be ignored in the development process. Today’s restoration and release is not only popular, but also a lesson from history.

Aspect 2: Talk to yourself and focus on the core of China’s animation "fantastic beauty"

As an animated feature film, the drawing process of "Tian Shu Qi Tan" is full of hardships. According to director Yunda Qian’s recollection, painters judged the time required for the characters’ lines by lip-synching with stopwatches, so as to draw the corresponding mouth shapes of the characters. Painters worked overtime day and night, painting for three years, and finally created this classic in the history of China animation with perseverance and talent. Different from the image of "Gao Daquan" created by mainstream literary and artistic works at that time, "Tian Shu Qi Tan" focuses on the unique aesthetics of strangeness, interest and beauty. The unique character modeling and imaginative strangeness, vivid and three-dimensional interest of various characters and beauty of national art and culture in the film fully show the creative core of China animation.

Famous media people and writers once praised the film’s "family fun" characteristics at its premiere. She sincerely recommended all the audience to take their children into the cinema to watch, and said that the best parent-child relationship is to take their children to watch cartoons they watched as children. The famous film and television director also recalled his childhood fun after watching the film. He once put a cake on his head like an egg. Sometimes the pleasure brought by the film is not only the movie itself, but also the memory and emotion it brings. Well-known film and television actors said that they were very honored to see it in the cinema, and they had no regrets in their childhood.

Aspect 3: Coexistence with the Times, Advanced Interest Adapting to the Choice of Watching Movies for All Ages

The simple but not simple storyline and vivid and interesting character images of "The Wonderful Tale of Heaven" show us the unique features of the Chinese nation, so that folk art, ancient myths and national wisdom can be presented and passed down in the form of animation. Audiences of all ages can find childlike innocence and fun in the film, such as the strange-looking fox mother, which left an indelible impression on many people’s hearts after 70 s and 80 s. For the first-time audience, many plots in the film are attractive enough, such as the cornucopia constantly "copying" dad’s famous scenes, etc. In the previous advance viewing, many people said that "it was the first time I saw it, and it was very novel and fun", which proved that its story content is still out of date and timeless, and it can not only enjoy the visual baptism of the beautiful national scenery, but also appreciate many excellent traditional cultures.

Aspect 4: Blending with the nation and carrying forward China’s excellent traditional culture have a long way to go.

Today, with the prevalence of multiculturalism, many excellent works have emerged in the animation market at home and abroad. The restoration and release of "The Wonder of Heaven" has made many people start to think about the significance of China’s animation. China’s 5,000-year-old civilization has provided a good cornerstone for China’s animation creation. With its unique style and perspective, China Animation School has a special place in the world animation stage, which highlights the fine tradition of China culture and has its own unique national characteristics.

As one of the representative works of China School, the film "The Wonder of Heaven" draws lessons from the artistic elements such as paintings, sculptures, toys and operas in China’s traditional culture, and brings together many folk images, such as a large number of folk music used as background music, and the little emperor marveled at the "birds flying at the phoenix", walking on stilts, dancing dragons and lions and other folk activities, which can be described as a "folk grand view garden". The modeling of the three foxes draws lessons from the traditional Chinese opera facial makeup, which makes the audience unforgettable; The gardens, palaces, courtyards and mountains and rivers in the film follow the "wu school" style, drawing the human landscape with meticulous brushwork and heavy colors, and drawing the natural landscape with elegant ink and wash. The revisiting and attaching importance to the "China School" is, on the one hand, to commemorate the forgetfulness, and, on the other hand, to take history as a mirror to arouse the rethinking of nationalization in China’s animation creation.

The 4K Commemorative Edition of Tian Shu Qi Tan officially landed on the national big screen on November 5, and the classic is full of vitality of the times. I believe it will bring an excellent viewing experience that cannot be missed to many audiences!

Housing prices in first-tier cities skyrocketed at the beginning of the year.

The property market in early 2016 is very similar to the stock market in early 2015. Everyone talks about stocks and everyone talks about houses. Housing prices in first-tier cities have gone up like a runaway, and Shanghai has even seen a price jump of 700,000 a day. At the same time, the scene of buying a house is no less than the double eleven.

In Shanghai, Lujin Shanghai School attracted nearly 100 buyers to queue up overnight in the middle of the night before the opening, and even friends in the team came wrapped in quilts, which surprised many people in the industry.

In Hangzhou, the second phase of Yangliu County in Greentown opened, and even 1000 people grabbed the source of 388 suites.

In Guangzhou, Vanke Mountain View City, which was just the opening time before, couldn’t wait to push it after the holiday, and it was robbed half an hour after the opening.

In addition to the bursting of real estate, the real estate trading center is also overcrowded, and Shanghai Baoshan Trading Center has to implement current-limiting measures.

On the one hand, the real estate in first-tier cities is an ideal haven, and safe-haven investment has become the most direct factor to promote this round of skyrocketing. On the other hand, at the beginning of this year, the central bank lowered the down payment ratio, and social funds also participated. The loose credit policy provided financial solutions for buyers, and financial services similar to "down payment loans" also boosted the rise of housing prices to some extent.

De-leverage the property market and strictly control the "down payment loan"

The so-called down payment loan refers to the fact that when the down payment funds of buyers are insufficient, real estate agents or financial institutions can provide them with subsidy funds for borrowing, which can be used by buyers to enlarge the leverage of buying houses. In some areas where house prices are rising rapidly, the existence of down payment loan has reduced the actual down payment of some buyers to 10%, which is equivalent to 10 times the leverage, and the leverage ratio is much higher than the "off-site fund-raising" at the peak of the stock market last year.

With the skyrocketing housing prices in first-tier cities, "down payment loans" began to surface, attracting the attention of the regulatory authorities. Shenzhen was the first to take the shot. In March this year, Shenzhen Financial Office issued a letter to prevent financial risks in the real estate industry, requiring Internet finance associations and small loan associations to investigate the situation of leveraged lending by enterprises under their jurisdiction and sort out the product model and the amount involved. At the same time, Guangzhou also began to investigate P2P and small loan companies to issue down payment loans.

A regulatory storm against leveraged funds represented by "down payment loans" is coming. If house prices continue to rise, using leverage may make a lot of money; Once house prices fall, there may be "trampling". If the high leverage of housing market is allowed to continue, it will be a financial disaster.

Real estate in first-tier cities is overheated, and the government urgently regulates it.

On March 25th, the Shanghai Municipal Government promulgated "Several Opinions on Promoting the Stable and Healthy Development of the Real Estate Market" to strictly control the property market, among which the most stringent provisions include: "Non-registered households in this city must pay social security for five years or more; For households with a set of housing, the down payment ratio for purchasing improved ordinary self-occupied housing has increased to 50%, and the down payment ratio for purchasing non-ordinary housing has increased to 70%. "

This regulation policy is called the strictest regulation in Shanghai. Coincidentally, Shenzhen has also introduced a regulation policy: non-deep households buy houses in Shenzhen, and the social security payment period is increased from the previous year to three years; The first suite paid off the mortgage, and when buying the second suite, the down payment was increased from 30% to 40%.

Under the strict control policy, the transaction volume of housing prices in Shanghai and Shenzhen dropped sharply, followed by the sale of some properties at reduced prices. Different from Shanghai and Shenzhen, due to the crowding-out effect of regulation, the property market in second-tier cities, such as Suzhou and Nanjing, began to boom, and the transaction volume and transaction price rose.

The expiration of some real estate land use years in Wenzhou has aroused the concern of the whole people.

In April this year, some citizens in Wenzhou were unable to conduct normal transactions when buying and selling second-hand houses. The reason was that the land had expired, and they had to pay hundreds of thousands of yuan of land transfer fees to re-apply for land certificates. They spent millions of yuan to buy houses, and they had to pay a lot of money after the expiration. After our house expires, we have to spend a lot of money to renew it, which has aroused heated discussion and concern from all walks of life.

The property right of the house we live in is divided into two parts, one is the house ownership, which is permanent, and the other is the land ownership. The right to use residential land is generally 70 years, which is also a controversial place.

What should I do if the property right expires after 70 years? According to the relevant provisions in the Property Law, the house is "automatically renewed" when it expires, but it has never been said that this is automatically free.

On the morning of December 23rd, Wang Guanghua, Vice Minister of the Ministry of Land and Resources, said that there was no need to apply for renewal, charge no fees, and handle the transaction and registration procedures normally, which was a clear solution. However, Wang Guanghua also mentioned that this is a transitional approach, and the formal approach has to wait for the introduction of relevant legal arrangements.

There are frequent land kings in first-and second-tier cities, and the price of "flour" is higher than that of "bread"

In May this year, the land market in Shanghai ushered in the first land transfer after the regulation of "Shanghai Nine Articles". The three plots of land in Fengxian and Songjiang all had a premium of more than 100%. The floor price of the two plots in Songjiang was close to 40,000/square meter, and the guaranteed price was 60,000/square meter, which was higher than the regional house price. A week later, the Zhou Pu plot was auctioned, with a floor price of 54,500/m2 and a guaranteed price of 79,000/m2. Similarly, in Nanjing, Hangzhou, Xiamen and Hefei, there have been cases of high premium land acquisition.

Developers seem to be crazy about taking land, the main reason is that they are worried about the future land supply. Take Shanghai as an example, Shanghai has locked up 3,226 square kilometers of construction land, and by 2013, 3,070 square kilometers have been used, leaving less than 156 square kilometers (including business and industry) in the future. Therefore, the scarcity of land in Shanghai has reached an unimaginable level. Coupled with the downturn of the real economy, the real estate market has become a safe haven for wealth.

Shanghai exploded rumors of the new mortgage policy, and divorced people crowded into the Civil Affairs Bureau.

At the end of August, a crazy divorce tide was staged in Shanghai. Divorced people crowded the civil affairs bureaus, and some civil affairs bureaus had no choice but to start limiting the number. Shanghai people’s desperate divorce stems from a rumor that "after September, buyers who have been divorced for less than one year will be treated according to their family situation before divorce." As a result, families who were afraid that they could not buy a house after the New Deal began to queue up for divorce. Although, it was later proved that this was a rumor fabricated by a real estate salesman. However, divorce to buy a house has always existed. Marriage is to protect the family, but now it has become a tool for profit-seeking. Is this the irony of the marriage system or a silent accusation against the real estate system?

Real estate in first-and second-tier cities is out of control, and many cities have introduced purchase restriction policies.

In September this year, the property market went crazy again. Nanjing sold 1,500 sets of houses, and Hefei property buyers rushed for houses in the rain. The price of a building more than 20 kilometers away from the main city of Hangzhou jumped directly from 6,000 yuan to 9,500-11,500 yuan. In Shenzhen, a 6-square-meter pigeon cage with a price of 150,000 yuan per square meter broke out, and the people of the whole country were like witchcraft.

With the booming property market, the purchase restriction policy was immediately introduced. Around the National Day Golden Week, the purchase restriction orders of nearly 20 cities were intensively introduced, and the real estate market in many places was sorrowful. The turnover of new houses in hot cities such as Beijing, Hangzhou and Nanjing declined in a cliff-like manner. At the same time, due to the influence of the New Deal and the adjustment of the down payment ratio, many property buyers have to cancel their contracts because they can’t afford to buy a house.

On the other hand, due to the property market restriction, some funds began to switch to A shares or overseas insurance, which objectively created the structural market of A shares after the National Day and the enthusiasm of mainland investors for Hong Kong insurance.

China CDSWill the real estate bubble be good when it strikes?

On September 23rd, China Association of Inter-bank Market Dealers "Business Rules for Pilot Credit Risk Mitigation Tools in Inter-bank Market" (hereinafter referred to as business rules) and related supporting documents, based on the original two products, launched two new products, including credit default swaps (CDS).

In the movie "Big Short", the protagonist from Wall Street saw the bubble of real estate subprime loans and made huge profits by shorting CDS. Therefore, CDS is also considered to be an important driver of the 2008 financial crisis.

Whether the China version of CDS can help squeeze out the real estate bubble remains to be seen.

Li Ka-shing sells mainland property and withdraws from China.

In October this year, Changjiang Industrial Real Estate Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Li Ka-shing, announced that it would sell the "Century Hui" complex in Lujiazui, Shanghai for 20 billion yuan. This transaction will bring Cheung Kong Real Estate 5.43 billion yuan, which is also the largest property sold in mainland China by Li Ka-shing so far.

At the same time, Li Ka-shing focused its investment on Europe — — Britain, in particular, has invested in power, natural gas, transportation, retail and other fields, and focused on infrastructure. Britain has become Li Ka-shing’s biggest profit source.

The main reason for Li Ka-shing’s selling of mainland real estate is that there are too many bubbles in mainland real estate, and the risks outweigh the opportunities. Early action can make the company in an invincible position.

The Central Economic Work Conference decided that "the house is for living, not for speculation"

In December, the Central Economic Work Conference was held in Beijing, which mentioned that "houses are used for living, not for speculation", which not only curbed the real estate bubble, but also prevented ups and downs; Cities with high pressure of rising housing prices should reasonably increase land supply, and megacities should speed up the relief of some urban functions and promote the development of surrounding small and medium-sized cities; It is necessary to speed up the legislation of the housing leasing market and accelerate the development of institutionalized and large-scale leasing enterprises.

According to the content of real estate in the meeting, it can be inferred that the era of getting rich by real estate speculation has passed and real estate will return to the residential property; The functions of first-tier cities such as Shanghai and Shenzhen will be evacuated, and there will be more opportunities in surrounding small cities; The focus of the real estate industry will gradually shift from the buying and selling market to the leasing market, which may be the next opportunity for the real estate industry.

Author: Zhao Xiaotao 1 Cong Yulong 2

SETTING: 1. Clinical Laboratory of Peking University People’s Hospital, 2. Clinical Laboratory Center of PLA General Hospital.

Zhao Xiaotao

Deputy Director, Laboratory Department, Peking University People’s Hospital

Chief physician/professor, master tutor. Engaged in clinical molecular detection and related basic research. As the project leader, he was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, and published many core journals and articles in SCI as the first or correspondent author. Major social workers are members (and secretaries) of the Department of Medical Laboratory in peking university health science center; Standing Committee member (and Secretary-General) of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Branch of China Health Care International Exchange Promotion Association; Deputy head of the special working group on scientific research and postgraduate training of Beijing Inspection Society of Chinese Medical Association; Member of Molecular Diagnosis Group of Laboratory Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association; Director of Laboratory Specialist Branch of Beijing Medical Doctor Association; Member of the Special Committee of Laboratory Medicine of China Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Standing Committee of Laboratory Medicine Committee of Beijing Society of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Member of Laboratory Medicine Branch of China Medical Equipment Association; Member of China Medical and Health Care International Exchange Promotion Association, grassroots inspection technology standardization branch, etc.

Malignant tumor is an important disease endangering human life and health, and its incidence has long been at the forefront of disease spectrum and death spectrum, which is a disease of universal concern. The online cloud live broadcast mode was launched for the first time in the 26th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week held from April 15th to 21st, 2020, and 21.456 million people watched the live broadcast nationwide. This shows that the national medical and health field and the whole society pay attention to the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. At present, the burden of malignant tumor is still rising in China, which seriously affects people’s health and social life. In recent 10 years, the incidence of malignant tumors in China has increased by about 3.9% every year, and the mortality rate has increased by 2.5% every year. According to the data released by the National Cancer Center in 2019, there were about 3.929 million cases of malignant tumors and 2.338 million deaths in China in 2015. The top five cancers in China are lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer, among which lung cancer and breast cancer rank first among men and women in China respectively. At present, the five-year survival rate of cancer patients in China is about 40%, which is 10% higher than that of ten years ago, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries. The reason is that early diagnosis, early treatment and precise medical treatment are the key to prevent and cure tumors, and one of its important means is the extensive and effective application of molecular biological diagnosis technology in clinical laboratories.

1. The development of medical molecular biology promotes the wide application of molecular diagnosis technology in precision medicine.　

Medical molecular biology refers to the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules at the molecular level, so as to clarify the nature of life phenomena. In recent years, with the emergence of new technologies in the field of medical molecular biology and the continuous improvement of bioinformatics data, the level of molecular diagnosis in clinical laboratories has been greatly promoted, and the progress of medical science has been promoted, so that the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in clinical medicine has risen to a brand-new realm, from morphological or cellular level to the explanation of the mechanism and accurate diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor diseases from gene level and molecular level, so as to achieve early diagnosis and even susceptibility assessment of diseases, and to evaluate the stages, types, treatment effects and prognosis of diseases. Molecular biology has become an important development direction of modern medicine and precision medicine.

In the field of clinical medicine, the application scope of molecular biology technology and methods is expanding day by day, and its research content and technical means are deepening. At present, it has penetrated into all fields of medicine, including molecular detection of pathogenic microorganisms, genetic detection and diagnosis of congenital diseases and hereditary diseases, genetic detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors, as well as individual drug use gene detection that affects drug metabolism, drug resistance and toxic side effects, individual identification, gene detection related to transplant matching, non-invasive prenatal detection (NIPT) and embryo implantation. Among them, gene detection related to targeted therapy of malignant tumor, multi-locus tumor-related gene detection related to heredity, susceptibility, treatment and prognosis, and whole exon gene detection play an important role in accurate diagnosis, prevention and treatment of malignant tumor.

Second, tumor molecular diagnostic markers and new detection technologies provide an important basis for clinical risk assessment of malignant tumors.

In clinical research, it is the direction of clinical medicine, especially clinical tumor research and basic research, to continuously discover new diagnostic markers of malignant tumors and further explore and study the pathological mechanism of malignant tumors. From the discovery of Bence-Jones protein in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma by Henry Bence-Jones in 1846, which was used as the first tumor marker for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, up to now, more than 100 tumor markers have been discovered, including protein tumor markers, sugar tumor markers and enzyme tumor markers. With the development of molecular biotechnology, there are more and more categories of tumor biomarkers, such as specific gene mutation, which can affect the effect of tumor-targeted drug therapy, genes related to cell growth and differentiation, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and their products that play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and single nucleotide polymorphism, genome, transcriptome and proteome can all be used as tumor biomarkers. From tumor-related chromosomal abnormalities to tumor-related genetic abnormalities, from tumor-related single nucleotide polymorphisms to tumor-related epigenetic abnormalities, and the study of new molecular markers such as miRNA and LncRNA provide powerful tools for accurate diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors in clinic. By detecting these molecular markers, we can assess the risk of cancer and make early diagnosis, monitoring, early warning, intervention,Reduce the risk of cancer and improve the treatment effect, slow down the development of cancer and even prevent the intervention of cancer.

Due to the rapid development of molecular biology technology, the detection of molecular markers of malignant tumors is more and more accurate and efficient. From the discovery of nuclein by F.Miescher in 1868 to the discovery of double helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Watson and Crick in 1953, from the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by Mullis in 1985 to the wide application of NGS NGS((Next-generation sequencing, also known as second-generation sequencing) technology developed in recent years, from the technical means, At present, the Amplified Arrested Mutation System (AMRs) is applied in clinic, which can be used to detect low-frequency mutations and detect 1% mutations in tissues and cells. More sensitive digital PCR technology can detect 0.1% mutation. For the traditional Sanger sequencing, although it is less sensitive, it has advantages in detecting germline mutations, high-frequency mutations, unknown mutations, clear target genes and few genes. NGS technology has the advantage of Qualcomm, which can sequence hundreds of genes, whole exons and whole genomes at one time. With the maturity of technology, more standardized management, continuous improvement and updating of biological information database, and perfection of data interpretation, combined with technologies such as detecting tumor cells in peripheral blood and free nucleic acids in peripheral blood, through overcoming the heterogeneity of malignant tumors,It will greatly promote the development of this technology and have a broader clinical application prospect.

Third, with the diagnosis of cancer patients tailored to provide the best solution for accurate diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.

At present, with the continuous development of molecular biology technology and the popularization of molecular diagnosis technology in clinical laboratories, the clinical oncology is increasingly widely used in individualized medicine, precision medicine and targeted therapy. Therefore, the concept of companion diagnostics (CDx) came into being. Adjoint diagnosis is an in vitro diagnostic technique related to special drugs, which can identify the best drug users by detecting the variation of proteins and genes in human body and the expression level of genes. The application of CDx in patients with malignant tumor can not only screen out effective treatment schemes for patients, save the time and cost of ineffective treatment, but also improve the compliance of patients taking drugs and reduce unnecessary toxic and side effects.

The development of accompanying diagnosis shows that the correlation between the expression of estrogen receptor and the efficacy of endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients has been studied since 1970s, from protein level to molecular gene level. Herceptin, the first adjoint diagnostic reagent approved by FDA in September, 1998, was used to detect people who used anticancer drug Herceptin, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular structural region of HER-2 receptor tyrosine kinase. As the driving gene of non-small cell lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a sensitive mutation rate of 30%~40% in Asian population. TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) is used as a targeted therapy for such non-small cell lung cancer patients, and their survival time is significantly prolonged, and their tolerance and quality of life are higher than those of traditional chemotherapy. Up to now, FDA has approved NGS associated diagnosis and detection products with multiple genes and cancers, covering 324 genes, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation load (TMB). At present, most of the applications of adjoint diagnosis are used in tumors, mainly including clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. Adjoint diagnosis plays an indispensable role in precision medicine, and its application scope is gradually expanding. It is predicted that it will be developed in the fields of pharmacogenomics, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system, infection and so on.

Four, clinical laboratory molecular diagnosis quality assurance and technical specifications and market supervision has a long way to go.

The market demand and development potential of cancer medical treatment promote the development and application of In Vitro Diagnosis (IVD) instruments and reagents, and new technologies emerge one after another. On the other hand, institutions for tumor genetic testing have also flourished. The results of tumor detection are related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease, which can be said to be related to the existence of a life. However, due to the high sensitivity and diversity of molecular detection technology, as well as the complexity and uncertainty of specimens and experimental operations, the quality assurance of tumor-related molecular detection is particularly important. From the research and development of reagents and equipment, to the determination of expected clinical use, the establishment and optimization of methods, from the range control of indications to the selection of detection items, methods adopted, the performance confirmation of LDTs or the performance verification of kits, from the selection of specimen types to the collection and transportation of specimens, from the design and layout of space environment to the qualification of personnel, equipment, reagents and technical specifications, from bioinformatics analysis to the interpretation of genetic variation in tumor molecular detection reports, and so on. In order to standardize the medical behavior in the field of tumor genetic testing, the health administrative department has successively issued a number of rules and regulations, and clinical and laboratory experts have also actively formulated national or industry standards, written relevant guidelines, expert consensus, etc., coordinated supervision and liberalization, and jointly promoted the orderly and healthy development of the field of tumor molecular testing.Effectively serve the accurate diagnosis and treatment of clinical malignant tumors.　

With the completion of the human genome project and the post-genome era, as well as the completion of genome-wide association study () of all malignant tumors, more new molecular targets of malignant tumors will be continuously discovered and applied to clinical diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, with the continuous introduction of the application management policy of molecular diagnostic technology and the improvement of supervision, many genetic tests related to malignant tumors will gradually move from basic scientific research to clinical application. The joint application of various molecular biological detection technology platforms, the in-depth study of various new targets, and the intersection and penetration with other disciplines make molecular biological detection play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, drug research and development of malignant tumors. Molecular detection technology in clinical laboratories will help promote the accurate detection, accurate diagnosis, accurate treatment, accurate prediction and accurate prevention of malignant tumors, so that it can serve human health more efficiently and push medical science forward continuously.

Note:This article comes from the topic "Tumor and Adjoint Diagnosis" in the 5th issue of Clinical Laboratory in 2020.

　
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Title map | veer.com 　
Original release date | May 8, 2020　 　

Clinical Laboratory is a journal of medical laboratory technology, with 12 issues a year, each with different topics, tracking industry hotspots, capturing industry direction and paying attention to development frontiers. The electronic version is updated in real time every month, and colleagues are welcome to follow up.