Affected by the rising pressure of comprehensive operating costs, more and more third-party payment channels begin to charge fees for credit card repayment. But at the same time, we should also see that there are many repayment channels for credit cards at present, and the channels such as bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still free — —

　　For users who use third-party payment channels to repay bank credit cards, a new change is about to happen: from March 26th, Alipay will charge a service fee for credit card repayment, and WeChat has charged for credit card repayment since August 1st last year, which means another "free lunch" for Internet services has ended.

　　Next, how will you choose the credit card repayment channel? What else do you need to pay attention to when using third-party payment to repay credit cards? Has Internet service entered the era of charging?

　　Alipay VS wechat

　　At present, users and the market are most concerned about the similarities and differences between Alipay and WeChat for credit card repayment charges.

　　In fact, repaying bank credit cards through third-party payment institutions is a new thing that has only appeared in recent years. In contrast, bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still the traditional mainstream channels for credit card repayment, and this channel does not charge extra for the single act of "repayment".

　　According to industry insiders, the so-called "credit card repayment service" paid by a third party means that the third party payment company deducts the corresponding money from the cardholder’s change account, debit card and other channels for credit card repayment according to his transaction instructions.

　　It is understood that "integrated management" is the main reason why some users choose to repay their credit cards through third-party payment channels.

　　"At present, I use the credit cards of ICBC, China Merchants Bank and Minsheng Bank at the same time. When I used mobile banking to repay, I would log in to the apps of these three banks respectively, and I also need to remember different repayment dates." Cui Jinqing, a young white-collar worker who works in a large central enterprise in Beijing, said that later, Alipay’s "credit card repayment" function was used to integrate the management of three credit cards. On one interface, the details such as which credit cards you bound, their repayment dates and their repayment amounts were clear at a glance.

　　Under the influence of integrated management, path dependence and other factors, the "credit card repayment" function of Alipay and WeChat gradually accumulated some users, but the increase in business volume also led to an increase in comprehensive operating costs, because there would be a payment channel fee behind each repayment.

　　When third-party payment institutions no longer invest in cost subsidy fees, "charging" will become the general trend. So for users, what are the similarities and differences between Alipay and WeChat after charging?

　　After comparison, the reporter found that from the charging standard, Alipay and WeChat are both one thousandth (0.1%) of the repayment amount, but Alipay has reserved two "free paths" for users.

　　Specifically, the first is to provide a free quota of 2000 yuan per person per month. Suppose the monthly repayment amount of users is 3,000 yuan, and the handling fee of Alipay is one thousandth of that of 1000 yuan, namely 1 yuan, but that of WeChat is one thousandth of 3,000 yuan, namely 3 yuan.

　　The second is to allow users to increase their free quota through two methods: "redemption of Alipay membership points" and "borrowing the free quota of relatives and friends".

　　"It is worth noting that if all your money is in Yu ‘ebao, you can withdraw it to your debit card first, which is free. Then log in to the bank’s online banking and pay back the credit card with the money from the debit card. There is no cost in the whole process. " The relevant person in charge of Alipay said.

　　Five aspects should be noted.

　　In addition to charging, compared with online banking, there are many matters needing attention in the "credit card repayment" service paid by third parties, which are mainly manifested in five aspects: determination of responsibility and right, repayment currency, single limit, repayment reminder and repayment appointment function.

　　The first is the issue of "determination of responsibility and right". It should be noted that the third-party payment institution is only the executor of the user’s credit card repayment instruction, and it will not be responsible for the losses caused by the user’s use of this service unless it does not follow the user’s instruction or the operation instruction is wrong.

　　The second is the issue of "repayment currency" and "bill inquiry currency". At present, the credit card repayment services of Alipay and WeChat only support RMB repayment, not foreign currency repayment. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the bill information that users can query through the above two methods is only RMB bills, and the foreign currency bills queried are for reference only, and accurate information still needs to be obtained through the issuing bank.

　　The third is the issue of "single limit". Wechat clearly stated in the agreement that when users make credit card repayments through Tenpay’s platform, they should still abide by the restrictions imposed by the repayment source bank on the maximum amount of their single transfer and the maximum amount of daily cumulative transfer; Tenpay is not responsible for the failure of repayment caused by this restriction.

　　The fourth is the issue of "repayment reminder". It is worth noting that even if users set up a credit card "repayment reminder" on the third-party payment platform, they still need to make repayment according to their agreement with the credit card issuer. The above settings are only used as a reference for repayment time and amount, not as a basis for whether or not to repay.

　　The fifth is the issue of "prepayment function". Wechat clearly stated in the agreement that "if you use the scheduled repayment function, Tenpay will provide you with repayment service according to the billing information provided by the issuing bank of your credit card, and Tenpay does not guarantee the authenticity, completeness and timeliness of this information". That is to say, if the user suffers losses due to the incorrect billing information, including but not limited to economic losses, late payment fees, reduced credit evaluation, etc., it will be settled by the user and the issuing bank.

　　Bank online banking channel is still free.

　　In the face of the above changes, many insiders said that the overall impact on users is limited. On the one hand, compared with services such as consumption and wealth management, credit card repayment is a function with lower frequency; On the other hand, at present, there are many repayment channels for credit cards. Although Alipay and WeChat charge, these channels such as bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still free.

　　In addition, Alipay also suggested in the announcement of "Adjustment of Credit Card Repayment Service Rules" that if it is a large repayment, users can choose to repay free of charge through channels such as bank online banking.

　　In fact, for commercial banks, retail business has always played the role of profit stabilizer, and credit card business is an important part of retail business.

　　Usually, when applying for a bank’s credit card, users need to have the bank’s debit card and use it as a repayment account. In this way, banks can not only improve customer stickiness through credit card business, but also form stable capital precipitation and repayment cash flow.

　　For this reason, for a long time, the online banking and mobile banking apps of various banks have not charged extra fees for the single act of "repayment" for the credit cards issued by the bank, but if users have overdue and installment repayment, they will charge other kinds of fees.

　　In recent years, many banks have even supported users to repay their credit cards through "debit cards from other banks" without charging any handling fees for the time being, in order to increase repayment channels for users and increase the frequency of their use of our credit cards.

　　It is worth noting that with WeChat and Alipay charging for "credit card repayment" one after another, the discussion about "whether Internet service has entered the charging era" has once again started in the society.

　　It is undeniable that in the past few years, more and more services on the Internet have begun to charge. According to a survey by the National Copyright Administration of China, in 2017, fee-based content accounted for almost half of the Internet content market in China.

　　At the same time, in the face of charging, users have gradually changed from "unaccustomed" in the early days to "accustomed". The financial report of iQiyi in the third quarter of 2018 shows that as of September 30, 2018, the number of subscribed members of iQiyi has reached 80.7 million, of which paying members account for more than 98%; The income from membership service was 2.9 billion yuan, up 78% year-on-year, which exceeded the income from online advertising service of 2.4 billion yuan.

　　"There is no eternal free model in any industry. In a fully competitive market, charging or not ultimately depends on whether the services provided by enterprises are worth paying for, and the charging price will gradually become reasonable in the competition. " The relevant person in charge of Alipay said.

Wen | Xiao Gu Dong

On the one hand, it is a crazy pet girl who is silent, and on the other hand, it is a pseudo-orthopedic player who is secretly caught in emotional entanglements. Luo Shenyuan, played by Zhang Wanyi in "Splendid Peace", combines the plots of pet girls and pseudo-orthopedics with one another, which has aroused the onlookers and discussions of netizens, and the topic # Zhang Wanyi walks through two kinds of tracks at a time # has also aroused heated discussion.

Reading Entertainment Jun found that every time a new drama is broadcast, Zhang Wanyi’s entries related to the track will appear on the hot search list. Nowadays, it is becoming more and more normal for people to set up high-frequency rollover or even house collapse. It is a more secure way for actors to launch track marketing, which can not only refine the characteristic labels of roles, but also not equate with the artists themselves, which is full of the cost performance of marketing among the topics of continuous output.

Generally speaking, most stars circle in the ancient and modern circuit, and then enter the official circuit to consolidate their personal reputation. However, Zhang Wanyi does the opposite, because he has appeared in the series of Sauvignon Blanc, The Story of the Liuzhou, The Beautiful Peace and the Children of the Qiao Family in recent years, and gradually gained a firm foothold in the Beide circuit, which is due to the fact that most of his roles are focused on.

From Qiao Erqiang’s "Master, I don’t want you" in "Qiao’s Daughter" to Zhao Jin’s "Why can’t you break up with him because of me" in "I know I love you", is it wrong to say "I like you" in "Sauvignon Blanc"? Is it wrong for me to want to stay with you for a long time? From Luo Shenyuan’s "I am no longer a brother and sister" in "Splendid Peace", this series of representative lines is the epitome of Zhang Wanyi’s "Beide Circuit".

Under the big framework of Beide Circuit, netizens also combined the differences of Zhang Wanyi’s roles to expand the vocabulary of the circuit with more curiosity.

The characters played by Zhang Wanyi all have different feelings for their younger sisters, and the orthopedic plot of the minority has attracted a lot of attention. In this regard, netizens commented: "This orthopedic track is really down-to-earth" and "Late intention is really a ride on the orthopedic track".

In Liu Zhou Ji, netizens summed up different track keywords according to the contrast before and after Cui Xingzhou. In the early stage of the series, Cui Xingzhou, who was originally Huaiyang Wang but pretended to be Liu Miantang’s husband Cui Jiu, released the sense of husband when the size was switched freely, and netizens teased Zhang Wanyi from "Beide Circuit" to "Virtuous Circuit"; In the later period, Cui Xingzhou and Liu Miantang loved each other very much, and netizens said that Zhang Wanyi started the Little Joyful Raceway, and even quipped: "Who would have thought that a big tiger who led the battle outside would become a cute and clingy kitten at home" …

In one ancient puppet show after another, Zhang Wanyi became the "leader" on Beide track, and tried to open up more new tracks. Finally, he gained more attention, discussion and a more distinctive character tag in the evaluation of "the running woman is made of iron".

In this regard, Zhang Wanyi once publicly said: "You always help me expand my comfort zone. It seems that every time you sum up a new point, I find that I have this potential. If possible, I hope you can give me more summaries, so that I can further explore my ideas and bring you different experiences. "

However, Zhang Wanyi got some negative comments because of the similar shapes and performances of the series "Sauvignon Blanc", "Liu Zhou Ji" and "Splendid Peace". However, the subsequent collaboration with Jing Tian has made some breakthroughs in the shape, and it remains to be seen whether the word-of-mouth can be reversed in the future.

Throughout the entertainment circle, many actors stay in their comfort zones to perform their roles, and many of them have become professional households on a single track, from Yue Yueli, a professional household of rich grandfathers in the early days, and Pan Hong, a professional household of evil mothers-in-law, to David Wang, a professional household of overbearing presidents in recent years, and Jin Dong, a professional household of leading within the system. However, regular-season courses such as overbearing presidents and professional households can’t attract the attention of the audience, but will leave a homogeneous stereotype. At present, it is more popular for the public to find a new way to refine some more novel and niche track labels for actors, and to carry out marketing on this basis, which makes people feel refreshed and more memorable.

Or refine a new track concept according to the identity of the role. Zhou Yutong, who is known as "the actress with the strongest taste in the entertainment class", has played many representative roles such as Qiao Xichen, Liang Youan, Zhuang Jie, Han Su and so on in a series of urban dramas, such as I am fine in a foreign land, just love, a lover in spring and a half-cooked man and woman. These characters present the most authentic state of contemporary migrant workers from all dimensions, and Zhou Yutong has also become a representative actor of Banwei Circuit.

Similarly, Johnny opened up a military service track because of his roles as Yu Weidong in Peacekeeping Riot Team, Gao Liang in Ace Force, Lin Luxiao in He Came from the Fire, and Li Fei in Action to Break the Ice. Zhang Yi has opened up a track for chasing murderers because of his role in The Knockout’s "Rebirth" and "The Gate of Rebirth". Yolanda, who starred in The First Half of My Life, Falling Flowers, and Zhu Zhu, who starred in elite lawyers, The Story of a Rose and other dramas, became typical representatives of the elite track in the workplace.

Or refine new words according to the common characteristics of actors in their roles. After a little inventory, Wang Xingyue was called the number one player on the wife-stealing track by netizens because of his roles in plays such as Zhou Sheng as usual, For a fragrance, Ning ‘an as a dream, Mo Yu Yun Jian and so on. Wu Jinyan dominated the revenge track with Wei Yuluo in Yanxi Palace, Xue Fangfei in Mo Yu Yun Yan and Mei Lin in Spring Flower Flame. Lyric built the Wolf Queen Raceway with Guan Zhizhi in The War of Roses and Su Zhenzhen in Dislocation. Wang Yuwen created the "Memoirs of a Dead Wife" track with the roles of Huang Shu in Coward and Xiao Ruotong in Lonely Boat. Lei Jiayin, Ke Bai and Guo Jingfei are the representatives of "loser track" because they often play the role of bullying men.

Or combine their performances in variety shows to open up a new track. Zhou Yiwei, Sun Chengxiao and Sun Nan all reversed their negative comments by participating in variety shows, thus opening up a brand-new "guilt powder track", which, to a certain extent, made the actors’ performing career enter a new turning point.

In addition, there are actors who find their own track according to their own appearance. For example, Dong Siyi plays the chubby girl in Twenty Don’t Confuse, Our Decade and Splendid Peace. These roles all lead to related stories because of their personal figure. For example, in the recently broadcasted Splendid Peace, Luo Yixiu, played by Dong Siyi, is a foodie, and her figure is more plump than other sisters. For this reason, she was ordered by her mother to go on a diet to lose weight. In addition, the fragments about her figure with her sixth uncle in the play have a good spread on the Internet.

With the popularization of role track marketing, the more subdivided and vertical track concept can make actors more memorable and topical. In addition, with the help of the discussion boom on social platforms, actors can accumulate more popularity and reputation on their own role track, and then they are more favored by the film and television market and have more say in script selection. Of course, the role track is also a double-edged sword, which not only releases dividends, but also has hidden worries. There are also many actors who stay in a certain role track for a long time and cause the audience’s aesthetic fatigue. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the situation and adjust their performance routes and marketing strategies in time.

* Original article, please indicate the source when reprinting.

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　　In terms of the appearance of the 2023 SRT Hellcat, the new car continues the American muscle car style with very tough and powerful challenger family models. At the same time, the new car has added a set of wide-body kit on the basis of the ordinary version, which is mainly aimed at widening its wheel eyebrows, and has increased by 3.5 inches (88.9mm) compared with the ordinary version, enabling the new car to use wider tires. In addition, the new car will also provide 13 different body colors, and provide a variety of body pull flowers for consumers to choose from.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　In the details of 2023 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, the middle net and the lower air intake of the new car are also painted in black, and there is a unique logo of SRT on the side of the middle net. In terms of wheels, SRT Super Stock adopts a set of 18x11J (18 inches in diameter and 11 inches in width) rims, which are the same as those of challenger SRT Demon, and is matched with the NT05R linear acceleration special tires with 315/40 R18 specifications, so that the car has three times the grip of SRT Hellcat models. In terms of brakes, the front wheel of the new car is equipped with an upgraded Brembo four-piston caliper and a 14.2-inch front brake disc.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　In terms of the power of 2023 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, the new car is equipped with a 6.2-liter HEMI V8 supercharged engine. Compared with the challenger Hellcat Redeye model, its maximum power is increased from 807 horsepower to 818 horsepower, and the red line speed of the engine is increased from 6300rpm to 6400rpm. The transmission system is matched with a TorqueFlite 8HP90 8-speed automatic manual transmission. Dodge official said that the acceleration time of the new car from 0 to 96 km/h is 3.25 seconds, and it only takes 10.5 seconds to complete the linear acceleration of a quarter mile, but due to the tires of the new car, its top speed is limited to 168 mph (270 km/h).

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　Company name: Tianjin Hailufeng Automobile Service Co., Ltd.

　　Company Address: Senyang International Automobile City, Bonded Zone, Tianjin Binhai New Area

　　Main brands: Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, BMW, and other high-end brand models.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

22 Dodge Challenger 3.6 SXT has an aggressive front face, and its fans are definitely a group of free-spirited people. The flat air intake grille and the configuration of the front spoiler give people a strong sense of touching the ground, and the embedded round headlights look extremely fierce, which reveals the heroic style of the American muscle car.

For more information, please call Ms. Zhang on WeChat at 131-1617-5210.

22 Dodge Challenger 3.6 SXT configurations: flannel seat, electrically adjustable rearview mirror, remote control key, keyless entry for one-button start, dual-zone air conditioning, 6-way electrically adjustable seat for driver, 4-way electrically adjustable lumbar support for driver, one-button lifting of electric window, halogen headlights, door handle with the same color on the body, rear tail wing with the same color on the body, 18-inch aluminum wheel, reflection, tire pressure monitoring, Alpine stereo, rocking, cold bag (seat)　　

The interior design of 22 Dodge Challengers 3.6 SXT is self-evident. The overall atmosphere is quite sporty and retro. If the steering wheel is 8.4-inch color LCD screen and leather seats are luxurious. It is no exaggeration to say that it is a top-class racing car. The dashboard is also fierce, indicating that the red aperture outside the table is like a crazy wild cat, and the back space is not as cramped as expected.　　

22 Dodge Challengers 3.6 SXT In terms of space, the challenger is also the best compared with Mustang and Camaro. Both the ride space and the trunk space are the largest. I have experienced the back row of Mustang and Challenger before. It is not a big problem to sit in the back row of the co-pilot, but the head space in the back row of Mustang is much worse than that of Challenger. But it’s better not to sit in the back row of this kind of car. It’s really not as comfortable as any family car.

　

The 22 Dodge Challenger 3.6 SXT will be equipped with three engines, including 3.6V6 engine, 5.7L HEMI V8 engine and 6.4L HEMI. The maximum power of the engine is 492 HP, and the peak torque is 637 Nm. The acceleration time of 0-96km/h will be within 4 seconds. Matching will be 6-speed manual and 8-speed automatic gearbox. Generally speaking, the car’s extraordinary performance has made many fans love it.

For more information, please call Ms. Zhang on WeChat at 131-1617-5210.

The evolution of the crime of cracking down on online game plug-in crime

Some netizens in Zhihu asked the author: Does it constitute a crime of illegal business operation to use game AIDS like keyboard and mouse to practice online games? "A few months ago, a friend was detained for 30 days for illegal business operations and fined hundreds of thousands because he used game scripts to practice games. His game script is similar to the color recognition of the key wizard+simulation of the mouse and keyboard, developed by himself, without modifying the game client, so it should not belong to the plug-in. But one of the crimes of illegal business operation is illegal publications. His software is for personal use and has not been disseminated. I wonder if it’s really illegal? Suppose the software he uses is copyrighted? Is the situation different again? The key wizard has copyright. What’s more, JC seized all his dozens of computers without showing any documents, and searched his room. Is this in line with the rules? If this kind of case goes to court, what are the chances of conviction? I have consulted many cases, and it seems that there are only cases with plug-ins. "

The author’s answer to this: There is no official explanation for the definition of plug-in in China at present. My understanding is the cheating software of online games. For the conviction of plug-in, it mainly depends on what kind of legal relationship plug-in infringes. If it is convicted of illegal business operation, the court thinks that online games can only be operated with a license, and plug-ins operate without a license. If the crime of destroying the computer information system is determined, the court thinks that the operation of plug-ins destroys the communication between the server and the client of the online game company, resulting in the unstable operation of the server. If the crime of copyright infringement is determined, it is that the court thinks that the program of the game software is copied by the plug-in (many times this copy is actually just a call, but sometimes the court judge may not know the difference. )

In this case, if the plug-in is just a mouse and keyboard wizard, the crime of destroying computer information system and the crime of infringing copyright cannot be applied to crack down, and the only thing the court can decide is the crime of illegal business operation. But I think that criminal punishment involves people’s right to life freedom and needs to be treated very seriously. Although the plug-in industry has done great harm to the online game industry, cracking down on plug-in crimes should also comply with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If the plug-in has little damage to online games, it should not be cracked down according to crimes, that is, it does not constitute a crime. The following is a paper I recently published in China Intellectual Property Magazine, which specifically discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various charges of plug-in crimes in China.

Since Shanda Network Company introduced Legend from South Korea in 2001 and became a hit, the online game industry has gradually developed into one of the most profitable industries in the domestic Internet, and has created many richest people in China, such as Chen Tianqiao and Ding Lei. However, with the development of online games, various black industrial chains around the industry have also risen rapidly, among which plug-ins that help players cheat in games are the most headache for game companies.

As far as I know during my work in an online game company, the essence of plug-in is game cheating software, which is named because it is attached to game software at runtime. Plug-ins have the following disadvantages: cheaters’ bad money drives out good money, defeats fair gamers in the game and undermines the fairness of the game; Plug-ins increase the burden on the server, forcing operators to increase the purchase of servers and bandwidth, thus raising costs and may lead to unstable server operation; Plug-ins enable players to quickly complete the tasks in the game, abnormally increase the consumption speed of game content, and make game companies have to invest a lot of human resources to increase the development of new game content. Although it can’t be ruled out that some plug-ins are developed for the shortcomings of game software, most plug-ins do destroy the user experience of the game, increase the development and operation costs of the game company and endanger the stable operation of the game.

In China, plug-in has become an industry. For any slightly popular game, R&D teams will be responsible for developing the corresponding plug-in programs, and there will be special teams to operate and sell plug-ins. There are also professional "gold-playing" companies that specialize in "gold-playing" in the game, which use a large number of plug-in programs to earn game coins, experience values, etc. and sell them to other players. It is no exaggeration to say that the whole plug-in industry is a cancer parasitic on the online game industry, and their existence has seriously damaged the development of the online game industry.

However, how to crack down on plug-ins has always been a headache for major game companies. Plug-in operators make full use of the anonymity of the Internet, the limited jurisdiction of governments in the Internet environment, and the characteristics that online payment circumvents traditional payment channels. The operating domain name and server of plug-in software are usually foreign, and the accounts used for collecting money are usually personal accounts. Even if game companies can’t contact plug-in developers, they can only see the instant messaging accounts of plug-in operators and sellers.

In this case, if the game company conducts a civil lawsuit against the plug-in operator, it will first encounter the problem of unknown subject. In many cases, the name of the defendant is unknown; Secondly, even if we know the name of the plug-in operator or even the company that runs the plug-in, we don’t know anything about their property. The plug-in operator knows that plug-in is illegal, so the bank account used for operation will generally transfer the funds in the account to other personal accounts or relatives and friends accounts in a short period of time, so even if the civil lawsuit wins, it is difficult for the game company to execute its property. Third, civil prosecution can only attack the sales and operation links of plug-in industry, but not the development links. In the final analysis, the plug-in industry is a part of the underground economy, and it is not strong enough to crack down on it with civil litigation.

Since civil litigation is not feasible, many online game companies can only seek criminal means. However, the online game industry itself is a new industry, and the plug-in behavior that destroys it is unprecedented. Whether the plug-in behavior constitutes a crime or not, and what charges should be dealt with if it constitutes a crime, in practice, major game companies and legal practitioners have been groping for many years, and have gone through three stages: the crime of illegal business operation, the crime of copyright infringement and the crime of destroying computer information systems.

The first stage is the crime of illegal business operation.

The criminal object of the crime of illegal business operation is the market order, especially the market management system in which the state restricts the sale and purchase of goods and business licenses. The corresponding legal provision is Article 225 of the Criminal Law. As the operation of online games belongs to value-added telecommunications services according to the provisions of the Telecommunications Regulations, it is necessary to apply for the business license of value-added telecommunications services at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The Interim Provisions on the Administration of Internet Publishing promulgated in 2001 and the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Internet Culture promulgated by the Ministry of Culture in 2003 also stipulate that the publication and operation of online games require the prior administrative license of the General Administration of Press and Publication or local press and publication bureaus and the Ministry of Culture. Therefore, online games are an area that needs a government license to operate, and some game companies try to report the behavior of developing and operating plug-ins as illegal operations.

The specific basis is Article 11 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Illegal Publications, which was promulgated in 1998: "In violation of state regulations, publishing, printing, copying and distributing other illegal publications that seriously endanger social order and disrupt market order other than those stipulated in Articles 1 to 10 of this Interpretation, if the circumstances are serious, they shall be convicted and punished for the crime of illegal business operation in accordance with Article 225, paragraph 3, of the Criminal Law."

The first domestic plug-in case: Tan, former vice president of Rising, illegally operated the plug-in case. Since June 2004, the defendant talked about a certain person and others developing 007 plug-in software for Legend 3. And set up a website to promote and provide download services, and also wholesale and retail plug-in software cards, with a business volume of more than two million yuan.

After trial, the court of first instance held that the defendant talked about a certain person who, for the purpose of making profits, carried out operating Internet information services without approval, violated the regulations of the state on publishing management, used Internet websites to carry out illegal Internet publishing activities, published and distributed illegal Internet publications, infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners, publishing institutions and game consumers, and disrupted the normal order of Internet game publishing and operation, and the circumstances were particularly serious, which constituted the crime of illegal business operation. After the original public prosecution agency filed a protest, the court of second instance held that the actions of the three defendants had constituted the crime of illegal business operation, and the circumstances of the crime were particularly serious. They were sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of 6 years (two years and six months in the first instance) and fined 500,000 yuan.

After the verdict was made, major online game companies in China began to report plug-in crimes on the grounds of suspected illegal business. However, from the legal point of view, the crime of illegal business operation infringes on the national market management system that restricts the sale and purchase of goods and business licenses. If operating plug-in software constitutes a crime, it needs to be certified for illegal publications. In early cases, the General Administration of Press and Publication identified many plug-in programs as illegal publications, and every plug-in program identified by it was treated as a criminal case of illegal business operation. However, traditional illegal publications generally contain pornographic or reactionary content, while plug-in programs only help players cheat in online games, and basically do not contain pornographic or reactionary content. Moreover, the crime of illegal business operation is considered as "pocket crime" in practice. Therefore, there are also objections in theory and academic circles to cracking down on business plug-in with this crime. At the same time, after identifying a number of plug-ins as illegal publications, the General Administration of Press and Publication began to reduce the identification of illegal publications, so in recent years, there are few practices.

Second, the stage of copyright infringement crime.

After cracking down on plug-ins through the crime of illegal business operation for a period of time, judicial organs in some areas began to try to crack down on plug-ins by using the crime of copyright infringement stipulated in Article 217 of the Criminal Law. The subjective aspect of the crime of copyright infringement requires copying and distributing works that others enjoy copyright without permission for profit.

The reason for attacking plug-ins with the crime of copyright infringement is that the development and operators of plug-ins copy some programs in online game software for profit. Because the profit of plug-in is millions, it is not difficult to reach the bottom line of the crime amount punishment.

Case: Defendant Zhang et al. made and sold the plug-in software for Adventure Island game operated by Shanda Network, and the profit was huge, which was later captured. The court submitted the software to Shanghai Oriental Computer Judicial Appraisal Institute for identification, and confirmed that the plug-in invaded the online game client program of Adventure Island by means of memory hook, gained control over the memory address and data modification of the program, and called and copied the data naming and data copying of 124 client software function data of Adventure Island.

The court held that the copyright of online game software of Adventure Island should be protected by Chinese laws. Defendant Zhang and others jointly copied and distributed the online game software client program of Adventure Island for profit without the permission of the copyright owner, and the amount of illegal business was huge, and the circumstances were particularly serious, which constituted a crime of copyright infringement according to the provisions of Article 217 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the end, Zhang was sentenced to five years in prison, and the other defendants were also sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment.

However, the author has personal objection to punishing plug-ins for this crime: if the plug-in operator is to be deemed as a crime, it is obvious that there must be unauthorized copying of computer software. The plug-in production operators do not need to copy online game software in their operations. Even if it is to be copied, not all the game client software is copied by plug-ins, but only a few applications involving data modification; And in many cases, some programs in the software are copied between the memory and hard disk of the same computer. This behavior is essentially not copying, but calling. The online game client software called by the plug-in program is generally a legal version downloaded by the player from the official website of the game. Obviously, this is different from the original intention of the criminal law to crack down on copying-to crack down on the spread of unauthorized software. Therefore, the behavior of operating plug-ins does not meet the constitutive requirements of copying computer software without permission in the objective aspect of crime. Although the case was later included in the top ten typical cases of intellectual property protection in Shanghai in 2010, in practice, there are not many cases in which the crime of copyright infringement is used to crack down on plug-in crimes, and the cases retrieved by the author are basically applied by the courts in Shanghai.

Crime of destroying computer information system.

Although the previous charges against plug-ins are a bit problematic, with the strengthening of legislation, the online game industry finally found a suitable charge against plug-ins in 2011. Article 286 of China’s Criminal Law stipulates that anyone who, in violation of state regulations, deletes, modifies, adds or interferes with the functions of the computer information system, thus causing the computer information system to fail to operate normally, and the consequences are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; If the consequences are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. Whoever, in violation of state regulations, deletes, modifies or adds data and applications stored, processed or transmitted in computer information systems, if the consequences are serious, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. However, because there are no applicable standards with serious consequences and particularly serious consequences, this provision is rarely used to crack down on plug-in crimes.

In September, 2011, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly promulgated and implemented the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases Endangering the Security of Computer Information Systems, which has a clear quantitative index for the criminal consequences of destroying computer information systems, and greatly reduced the difficulty of cracking down on plug-in crimes.

Case: Su Mou and others modified the data of the online game server of Tianlong Babu through their own computer knowledge and software, implemented plug-in behavior, illegally swiped virtual currency and virtual items, and sold them online for profit. Their behavior caused a large number of abnormal accounts in the online game of Tianlong Babu to continue swiping gold coins in the game, which caused a serious impact on the virtual economic system in the game, causing the game network to be seriously blocked, and the players could not log in normally, so the operating company could only stop and maintain the server.

According to the trial of the People’s Court of Linghe District, Jinzhou City, the defendants Su Mou, Lin Mou, Zhou Mou, Li Mou, Pang Mou and others used plug-in software to modify the data of the online game server of Tianlong Babu, which caused the computer information system of Beijing Changyou Times Digital Technology Co., Ltd. to fail to operate normally, with serious consequences, clear criminal facts and reliable and sufficient evidence. In the first instance, the defendants Su Mou, Lin Mou, Zhou Mou, Li Mou and Pang Mou were sentenced to one year and one month in prison for the crime of destroying the computer information system, and the other defendants were sentenced to six months in prison, suspended for one year, and all the illegal gains and tools of the defendants were confiscated.

This case is different from the traditional case of developing and selling plug-in software. The traditional case of plug-in attacks the behavior of developing or selling plug-in, while this case attacks the gold-playing company that uses plug-in to "play gold" in the game and sell it to other players. There has been a great controversy in the industry about whether the use of plug-ins by gold-playing companies constitutes a crime. A typical case is that the Nanjing court ruled that the person in charge of a gold-playing company committed a crime with the crime of illegal business operation. However, there is obviously no national license restriction on the use of plug-ins to play gold in the game. Therefore, the case is very controversial. However, it is obviously more appropriate to use the crime of destroying computer information system to deal with the large-scale use of plug-ins to make money, because the large-scale use of plug-ins by plug-ins to make money may also lead to the criminal consequences that computer information systems cannot operate normally.

Finally, criminal punishment involves people’s right to life freedom and needs to be treated very seriously. Although the plug-in industry has done great harm to the online game industry, cracking down on plug-in crimes should also comply with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. From the point of view of the evolution of the charges against plug-in as a high-tech crime, although there are disputes at every stage in the whole process, it is indeed developing in a reasonable and perfect direction. Therefore, it can be seen that although there is a certain lag in the development of law, it will not lag behind for too long.

Author: You Yunting, partner of Shanghai Dabang Law Firm, intellectual property lawyer, tel: 8621-52134900, email: yytbest@gmail.com, this article only represents the author’s views. For more exciting intellectual property laws, please visit: www.legalservice.cn (Chinese) and www.chinaiplawyer.com (English).

A few days ago, the eighth season of "Ace to Ace" came to a successful conclusion. The "Ace" Happy Bus, which will be there every Friday night, is full of sadness and warmth and cries goodbye to the audience! On the closing night, all the ace members brought a special "internal award ceremony": "Get up early and be greedy for the black", "Tengli Tengqi" and "Breakthrough with Variety" … which contained the jokes and memories of the whole season. This season’s "Ace to Ace" is also the fifth year that Hua Chenyu has accompanied the program. After being promoted to "Ace Two in Charge", he has found his own variety orientation more and more accurately —— "Inference+Unique Skills+Musical Talent", which has frequently contributed high-energy famous scenes and made people know more about Hua Chenyu outside of music. Hand-painted "ace family portrait", he clearly remembers everyone’s characteristics, integrates gentleness into small details, and takes care of his strength! In front of the stage, Hua Chenyu can be called an ace game panacea, and many netizens shouted: Without Hua Chenyu’s "Ace Family" team game, you will lose half! Outside the stage, he seems to be a behind-the-scenes supporter of a program. He is wise, kind and warm, and constantly outputs a sense of security and explosion to guests and programs, illuminating the overall situation like the sun.

In the eighth season of "Ace", Hua Chenyu’s famous scenes are constantly wise and funny, and off the charts has a sense of variety.

In the eighth season of Ace to Ace, Hua Chenyu was promoted to be "the most resourceful second master", and amazing music scenes were readily available: new songs and old songs such as "Light the bonfire at the end of the Galaxy", "The Sea of the Wind" and "Ordinary Life to Unusual Life" were infinitely broadcast on the stage, which greatly enriched the visibility of the program. Piano, flute and other musical instruments surprise performances, stage cooperation with guests from all walks of life, talent competition, more like a fairy fight, frequently heal the audience. Even on the variety stage, Hua Chenyu never forgot to perform the romantic fairy tale with Martians again and again. He reunited with Grandpa and Grandma Mars on the stage of "Ace" and completed the performance together, which made Mars romantic shock everyone.

Regardless of the music world or the real world, the flowers are trying their best to dream for fans, making people believe that a beautiful new world is ahead. The unique skill of "two masters" is far more than that. "Bare-handed water blocking" imitates accurate positioning and refreshes the audience’s cognition of reaction! You can also perform "IP Man Squat" on the balance ball, which was teased by netizens: Hua Chenyu Core is more stable than my salary increase! Reasoning ability frequently shocked the guest audience, focusing on a pre-judgment that predicted you. Not only did you analyze how many people were in the bad guys’ camp, but you also disguised yourself as the bad guys’ camp, successfully disintegrated the enemy’s interior, and finally succeeded in making the order take effect, saving the day! Many netizens said: "When I saw him, I thought that team would win. Hua Chenyu is really a god teammate with a sense of security."

The output temperature of Hua Chenyu’s "Ace" five-year "broken cocoon" growth and long-term companionship strength

I still remember that Huahua, who first entered the "Ace Family" a few years ago, was shy and shy, and interacted with the guests slightly. The five-year long-term companionship also made Huahua undergo a "cocoon-breaking" transformation, not only in the music field, but also in the variety field, she frequently led the team to turn over against the wind with her keen observation and reasoning ability. In the program, he and the guests crossed the future to "become bigger and stronger"; Appreciate the beauty of the national style together; Together, we will help the national treasure to embark on the journey home … so that the audience can gain a lot of knowledge in joy.

Since five seasons, he and Shen Teng have joined forces to bring Stay with me (anti-fraud version). He has shouted "Kill Pig Plate" and can improvise anti-fraud jingles in Hubei dialect! Not only did he draw the guest stick figures on the show, but he also extended this deep friendship to the offline. He would support the film screenings of Jia Ling, Shen Teng and other guests. Every time I stand in the center of the stage and enjoy the cheers, I don’t forget to mention the hard work of the behind-the-scenes staff, know how to be grateful and cherish, and treat every collaborator as a family member, so that everyone who works with him feels like a spring breeze. He kept a high standard on the trump card stage for five years, substituted life thinking into his works, and hid the two-way trip between "fireworks" in details, which is worth digging back and forth.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Europe has followed the United States to impose several rounds of severe sanctions on Russia. Recently, a number of foreign media reported that the spillover effects of sanctions against Russia caused high inflation in Europe and the economy continued to be under pressure. Europe is increasingly worried about the problems brought by sanctions.

　　find it difficult to advance or to retreat―be in a dilemma/plight

　　According to today’s Russian International News Agency, Uwe Schultz, a German parliamentarian, recently warned that the EU’s largest economy is facing further economic recession and "de-industrialization" due to the EU’s sanctions against Russia. Schultz issued a statement on the website of his political party, saying that economic sanctions against Russia have hit the German economy hard. Schultz said that the sanctions against Russia and the economic measures taken by the German ruling Coalition are leading Germany directly to "de-industrialization", "the economic prospect of Germany in 2023 is disappointing" and "the poor performance of the automobile industry continues to lead to a decline in manufacturing output". Stefan Wolff, president of the German Federation of Employers’ Associations in the Metal and Electrical Engineering Industry, also believes that the German economy is no longer competitive and is expected to fall into recession in the second half of this year.

　　According to preliminary data released by Eurostat on July 31, Germany’s GDP in the second quarter of this year increased by zero month-on-month, which was less than the market’s previous expectation of 0.1%. According to the latest forecast of the International Monetary Fund, the German economy will shrink by 0.3% in 2023.

　　Many European companies are also facing the negative impact of European sanctions against Russia. The Financial Times recently conducted a survey on the operating conditions of 600 large European enterprises, and the results showed that 176 of them lost more than 100 billion euros due to the reduction, sale or closure of their business in Russia. This figure does not include the losses caused by indirect factors such as rising energy prices and rising production costs caused by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

　　According to statistics, before the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, more than 1,800 large enterprises in Europe had operations in Russia, and more than half of them still continue to operate in Russia. According to the analysis, many European enterprises are in a dilemma under the influence of European sanctions against Russia: on the one hand, leaving Russia will have a direct negative impact on their own operations, on the other hand, staying in Russia will face more and more political and economic risks.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022, European countries have followed the United States to impose several rounds of sanctions on Russia. In May, the British government announced the expansion of sanctions against Russia, including punitive import tariffs on precious metals produced in Russia and export bans on certain British products. In June, the EU reached an agreement on the 11th round of sanctions against Russia, including measures aimed at cracking down on circumvention of existing sanctions. Russia retaliated against Europe by cutting fuel supply and implementing ruble settlement.

　　"The impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is not exactly the same, and two types of countries are the most affected: first, countries that are highly dependent on Russian energy, such as Hungary and other Central and Eastern European countries; Second, countries whose industrial structure is dominated by manufacturing and energy-intensive industries, such as Germany, Italy and other European manufacturing powers. " Yan Shaohua, an associate researcher at the China-EU Relations Research Center of the Institute of International Studies of Fudan University, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　Fatal impact

　　"In recent years, the European economy has been affected by the European sovereign debt crisis ‘ Sequela ’ The continuous influence of is in a slow recovery. After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, this recovery process was disrupted. The biggest impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is to aggravate Europe ‘ De-industrialization ’ Worried. " Zhang Jian, vice president and researcher of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told this reporter that German, Italian and other European countries have comparative advantages in the field of high-end manufacturing, and an important basis for this advantage is cheap natural gas from Russia. Nowadays, these European countries are bearing the cost of sanctions against Russia, that is, losing cheap Russian natural gas and having to purchase more expensive energy from other countries, which has led many European manufacturing enterprises, especially energy-intensive enterprises, to face rising production costs and be forced to cut production, stop production or move their production lines outside.

　　Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) released by Standard & Poor’s Worldwide shows that in July, the manufacturing PMI in the euro zone dropped to 42.7, the lowest level since the outbreak of COVID-19. As a big European manufacturing country, Germany performed poorly, and its manufacturing PMI plummeted to 38.8 in July.

　　The report of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs pointed out that high energy prices weakened the competitiveness of European energy-intensive industries, resulting in the loss of market share.

　　The economic census report released by dihk this summer also shows that the fluctuation of energy and raw material prices is the biggest risk faced by German enterprises, among which 80% of energy-intensive enterprises list it as the number one risk. According to the report of "Credit Reform", a German credit agency, the number of German enterprises filing for bankruptcy in the first half of 2023 increased by 16.2% year-on-year. In addition, many enterprises plan or have begun to transfer their business to countries with relatively low energy. For example, dozens of enterprises, including Lufthansa and Siemens, are considering expanding production and increasing capital in the United States.

　　"Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the European economy is already facing problems such as high inflation rate, high unemployment rate and broken supply chain, and sanctions against Russia have further aggravated these problems. From the production point of view, sanctions against Russia have led to the gradual energy development in Russia and Europe ‘ Decoupling ’ It is difficult for European countries to find a suitable alternative in a short time to make up for the loss of cheap energy in Russia, which makes the manufacturing cost rise sharply. From the perspective of consumption, energy shortage leads to soaring energy prices, which will inevitably affect commodity prices in European countries, thus pushing up inflation and increasing people’s living costs. " Yan Shaohua said.

　　Some analysts pointed out that Russia is an important supplier of raw materials for high-end manufacturing in Europe. There are many links in the industrial chain of high-end manufacturing industry, and the supply chain is accurate and complex. The obstruction of the upstream link means the source fracture of the industrial chain and supply chain, which will have a fatal impact on the whole industry. Although Europe tries to avoid areas that will "jam its neck" in the process of sanctions against Russia, with Russia’s retaliatory countermeasures, Europe’s high-end manufacturing industry is in a passive position.

　　snow plus frost—exacerbate

　　Agence France-Presse reported that since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the EU has imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia, but EU diplomats admit that the EU sanctions are close to the limit.

　　"At present, there is little room for further escalation and overweight of European sanctions against Russia. However, in the short term, sanctions will continue and there is no room for manoeuvre. In this context, Europe’s next question is how to deal with the impact of sanctions on itself. Since the energy crisis last year, Europe has been looking for ways. The European Union has introduced a series of measures, on the one hand, to find energy suppliers that can replace Russia, on the other hand, to release ‘ Green agreement industry plan ’ Accelerate energy transformation and green development. " Yan Shaohua believes that with the relevant EU policies gradually playing a role, the pressure faced by EU countries in energy this year may be eased compared with last year, but the problem has not been fundamentally solved.

　　Leonhard Birnbaum, CEO of Eon Energy Group, pointed out that the EU will change its energy structure and reduce its imports of Russian energy due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and this trend will continue, so the energy crisis in Europe is far from over. "In the long run, because we can’t get cheap energy from Russian pipelines, it is expected that the price of natural gas will rise, which may be two to three times that of now." Leonhard Birnbaum said.

　　According to the preliminary statistics released by Eurostat on July 31, after zero growth in the first quarter of this year, the euro zone economy grew by 0.3% in the second quarter. Analysts pointed out that although the euro zone economy has resumed growth, the risk of stagnant growth still exists due to factors such as high inflation, weak global demand and monetary tightening policy. Among the major economies in the euro zone, Germany and Italy continue to suffer from the shrinking demand for goods due to the larger manufacturing scale.

　　"In the foreseeable future, it will be more difficult for the European economy to turn around. On the one hand, the energy security situation in Europe has not fundamentally improved, European manufactured goods have lost the Russian market, and the competitiveness of European products will continue to decline; On the other hand, the United States introduced the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chip and Science Act to attract European companies to invest in the United States, which will make the European economy worse. " According to Zhang Jian’s analysis, as the largest economy in the European Union, Germany has strong economic radiation, especially its close integration with the economies of neighboring countries. If Germany is affected by sanctions against Russia and its economic situation cannot be effectively improved, then in the next three to five years, Germany’s neighboring countries and even the entire euro zone economy will also encounter troubles, and the overall economic policy and political and social stability of the EU will be negatively affected.

　　Some analysts pointed out that high-end manufacturing is the core of European real economy and one of the main engines leading European economic growth. If it is difficult for European countries to get through the obstruction of industrial chain and supply chain, it may be difficult to maintain their leading position in high-end manufacturing in the future. By then, Europe will not only face the problem of economic recession, but also be more difficult to achieve "strategic autonomy".

CCTV News:China has been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine since December last year. Up to now, it has been vaccinated with COVID-19 vaccine for nearly 2.4 billion doses, and the vaccination rate of the whole population is in the leading position in the world. Clinical research results show that COVID-19 vaccine in China has good safety and effectiveness. Zheng Zhongwei, the head of the working group of vaccine research and development special class of the State Council Joint Prevention and Control Mechanism, recently responded to some hot issues about vaccination in an exclusive interview with CCTV reporters at the General Station.

At present, 13 COVID-19 vaccines have entered Phase III clinical trials in China, 4 COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for conditional marketing, and 3 COVID-19 vaccines have been approved for emergency use. Vaccine research and development and production have always been in the first phalanx in the world. At the same time, China regards the new crown vaccine as a global public product, and has provided more than 1.7 billion doses of COVID-19 vaccine to more than 110 countries and international organizations around the world.

COVID-19 vaccine in China has a significant effect on preventing severe illness and death.

A few days ago, the consultant of Chilean Ministry of Health published the world’s largest real-world study of COVID-19 vaccine for 10 million people in the New England Journal of Medicine. The results showed that the overall protection was 65.9% after 14 days of inoculation with the second dose of inactivated vaccine of Kexing Zhongwei, and the protection against hospitalization, severe illness and death was 87.5%, 90.3% and 86.3% respectively. According to the report of the Ministry of Health of Peru, 60,593 doctors were vaccinated with the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine of Sinopharm Group China, and the mortality rate after two doses of vaccination was reduced by 98%. The Argentine Ministry of Health issued a report that the overall death protection rate of people over 60 years old was 84% after being inoculated with two doses of China Bio-COVID-19 Inactivated Vaccine of Sinopharm Group.

Zheng Zhongwei, head of the working group of vaccine research and development special class of scientific research group of the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism:This judgment can also be made for some epidemic situations that occurred in China last year and this year. For example, Delta strain was the main virus strain that spread in China from Guangdong (May and June this year), from Guangdong, Jiangsu and Fujian to Inner Mongolia, Gansu and Qinghai. Although there were many outbreaks, the number of infected people and severe cases were completely different from those of last year’s Xinfadi in Beijing and Gaocheng in Shijiazhuang, Hebei. Therefore, the country has played a very important role in rapidly promoting mass vaccination from this year.

China has completed the preclinical study of inactivated Delta strain vaccine.

Real-world research shows that China’s vaccine has a clear effect on the infection caused by various main variants prevalent in different regions and the re-transmission after infection, and has a significant effect on preventing severe illness and death. Judging from the recent epidemic situation in China, the domestic vaccine is still effective against Delta strain. However, in order to be prepared, various vaccine research and development units have carried out a series of work for various mutant vaccines.

Make every effort to promote COVID-19 vaccine for the elderly.

At present, the vaccination rate of the whole population in China is leading in the world, but the vaccination rate of the elderly is relatively low, and the risk of COVID-19 infection among the elderly is much higher than that of the young. Therefore, at present, a key issue in promoting COVID-19 vaccination in China is to fully promote COVID-19 vaccination for the elderly, especially the very old.

Experts stressed that because the immune function of the elderly is relatively weak, the antibody level produced by people over 60 years old after vaccination is 18-mdash; The 59-year-old population is relatively low, and once infected, the proportion of severe and critical illness is higher. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that the elderly not only receive two doses of vaccine as soon as possible, but also strengthen immunization six months after completing the two doses of vaccination, in order to obtain better protection effect.

Inoculation with booster needle can enhance the prevention and control ability of mutant

At present, many countries have carried out the work of strengthening immunization, and China has also specially organized experts to demonstrate the strategy of strengthening immunization of vaccines in COVID-19. Studies have shown that after the third dose of inactivated vaccine is used to strengthen immunity, not only the antibody level is greatly improved, but also the ability to prevent and control various mutant strains is stronger.

Zheng Zhongwei, head of the working group of vaccine research and development special class of scientific research group of the State Council joint prevention and control mechanism:Strengthening (immunization) with the same technical route is relatively safer. After vaccination with different technical routes, the antibody level will be more improved, and some abnormal reactions and adverse reactions of the vaccinators may be higher, but this adverse reaction can be tolerated by the vaccinators.

China will launch different technical routes to strengthen immune combination.

The research shows that the same technical route and different technical routes can greatly improve the antibody level, and the safety is also clearly guaranteed. Zheng Zhongwei said that the next step will be to combine the results of clinical research, organize expert argumentation, and launch the optimal combination of enhanced immunization based on the principle of safety and effectiveness.

　　China Net News June 13 (Reporter Dong Xiaodi) From January to May 2018, China donated 5.965 million blood without compensation, and the amount of blood collected was 2,065 tons, up by 3.6% and 5.2% respectively compared with the same period of last year, of which 438,000 platelets were collected by machine, and 713,000 blood was collected for treatment, up by 7.6% and 10% respectively compared with the same period of 2017.

　　Zhou Zhongqiang, deputy director of National Health Commission Medical Administration and Hospital Authority, said in Beijing on the 12th: "This year marks the 20th anniversary of the implementation of China’s Blood Donation Law. In recent years, we have insisted on ‘ Open source, reduce expenditure and ensure safety ’ , to achieve the level of governance according to law, blood supply, blood safety and rational blood use ‘ Four promotion ’ 。”

　　buildCovering the urban and rural blood station service system, the amount of blood donation has increased more than five times in 19 years.

　　In 1998, China officially implemented the "Blood Donation Law" and established the system of unpaid blood donation in legal form. In the past 20 years, the number of unpaid blood donors nationwide has increased from 328,000 in 1998 to 14.59 million in 2017; The amount of blood donation increased from 800 tons in 1998 to 4956 tons in 2017, an increase of more than five times.

　　Zhou Qiangqiang introduced that in recent years, governments at all levels have established a blood station service system covering urban and rural areas. By the end of 2017, there were 32 blood centers, 321 central blood stations and 99 central blood banks in China. There were 1,380 fixed blood collection points, an increase of 41.3% over 2012.

　　"At present, China’s blood support capacity can basically meet clinical needs. In the next step, we must further improve the blood safety and the level of clinical rational blood use, and strive to achieve a blood donation rate of 15/1000 population by 2020, and 100% of clinical blood comes from voluntary blood donation. " Zhou qiangqiang said.

　　Full coverage of nucleic acid detection in blood stations and blood transfusion transmission of key infectious diseases have been basically blocked.

　　As a rare resource related to national security, the level of blood safety has always been concerned, and blood screening and testing has become the key link of blood safety supply. At present, China’s blood testing mainly includes transaminase, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, HIV antibody and nucleic acid testing, which has been in line with international standards, and some large blood centers have basically realized the automation of blood testing and preparation and processing.

　　Since 2011, China has carried out nucleic acid testing. According to the data provided by National Health Commission, the "window period" of detection of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus has been shortened by about 50%, 82% and 20% respectively.

　　"In April this year, Xizang Autonomous Region Blood Center independently carried out blood nucleic acid testing, and China achieved full coverage of blood station nucleic acid testing, which was carried out in only 24% countries in the world," Zhou Qiangqiang pointed out. "China has established a blood quality management system covering the whole process of blood collection and supply, basically blocking the spread of key infectious diseases such as AIDS through blood transfusion. The 2017 World Health Organization report shows that China’s blood safety supply level ranks among the top in the world. "

　　On June 12, 2018, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, unpaid blood donors were taking advantage of the machine. China Net reporter Dong Xiaodi photo

　　820,000 people have been commended for improving the incentive mechanism for voluntary blood donation in various places.

　　In order to encourage the public to participate in voluntary blood donation, China has established a system of recognition and reward for voluntary blood donation, and every two years, voluntary blood donors with a cumulative blood donation of more than 4000 ml are commended. Up to now, 820,000 people have won the award, and this year’s 2016-2017 voluntary blood donation commendation is expected to be about 390,000 people.

　　Zhou Qiangqiang introduced that the "Blood Donation Law" stipulates that unpaid blood donors have the right to use blood without compensation. Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other places stipulate that blood donors can give priority to blood use, and spouses and immediate family members also enjoy corresponding preferential policies for blood use according to local regulations.

　　In addition, incentives have been introduced in many places, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which stipulate that blood donors who have won China’s unpaid blood donation award can enjoy the three-free policy, free of bus tickets, free of government-run park tickets, and free of hospital registration fees; Kunming, Yunnan, set up a donation and love scholarship fund to help poor college students who love public welfare to complete their studies.

　　"In the next step, we should improve the service for blood donors, increase and rationally arrange blood donation points, improve service processes, and increase the comfort of blood donors in the process of blood donation; Simplify the blood expense reimbursement process and improve the satisfaction of blood donors. " Strong perimeter indicates.

　　With the continuous improvement of blood utilization rate, the blood consumption of operating table decreased by 30%

　　In terms of improving blood utilization rate, China has taken many measures, such as blood preparation, establishing blood emergency deployment mechanism, and strengthening clinical rational use of blood. In recent five years, the per capita blood consumption of discharged patients and operating tables in China has decreased by 20% and 30% respectively, and the proportion of autologous blood transfusion has increased by 30%, saving a lot of blood resources.

　　Zhou Qiangqiang revealed that although China’s blood support ability can basically meet clinical needs, it is a "tight balance" state. The aging population, the increase in the number of older high-risk pregnant women brought about by the two-child policy, and the continuous increase in the amount of medical services brought about by the improvement of medical security have put forward higher requirements for the safety of blood supply.

　　"In the next step, we will carry out a rational evaluation of clinical blood use based on a single disease, so as to minimize surgical blood use, accurately use clinical blood and maximize quality and efficiency; Guide medical institutions to carry out patient blood management, and establish individualized treatment programs for key groups such as high-risk pregnant women and patients with blood diseases; Guide blood stations to provide suitable blood varieties, including small packaged blood suitable for children’s treatment; Improve the service level of unpaid blood donation, expand the scale of fixed blood donors, and ensure ‘ Off-season ’ Blood security. " Zhou qiangqiang said.

CCTV News:According to the person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, at present, China’s per capita energy, protein and fat supply have exceeded the world average, but the situation of unbalanced and insufficient nutrition is more common, which can be summarized as "more" and "less".

"Too much" means eating too much vegetable oil. At present, the per capita cooking oil in China exceeds the recommended amount of scientific diet by more than 40%. "Less" means insufficient intake of healthy foods such as milk and dairy products, soybeans and bean products. At present, the annual consumption of milk per capita in China is only one-third of the world average and one-half of the average in Asia, far below 110— The recommended dietary amount of 183 kg, the intake of soybeans and bean products is lower than the recommended amount.

Three aspects focus on promoting healthy consumption of food nutrition for residents.

The relevant person in charge of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs said that many measures will be taken to promote the healthy consumption of food nutrition for urban and rural residents, focusing on three aspects.

Lei Liugong, Director of Market and Information Department of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs:The Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, together with relevant departments, will coordinate the construction of a healthy China and a strong agricultural country, and take a series of measures to promote healthy consumption of nutrition with the goal of meeting the needs of people’s high-quality life and population’s high-quality development.

At the production end, we will further promote variety cultivation, quality improvement, brand building and standardized production, and increase the supply of green and high-quality products by developing new healthy and nutritious foods such as soy products and cheese, so as to enrich consumers’ dining tables. In terms of supervision, we should strengthen the supervision on the quality and safety of agricultural products, fully implement the certification system for edible agricultural products, and ensure the "safety" so that consumers can eat with confidence. In addition, around the key contents such as "reducing oil and increasing beans", we will strengthen the popularization of food nutrition science, guide urban and rural residents to adjust their eating habits and food structure, so that ordinary people can choose, eat and eat healthily.