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　　A Hollywood blockbuster, besides the international version, also has a special "China Special Edition". Recently, Iron Man 3 has been released in two editions, namely "International Edition" and "China Edition", and many Hollywood blockbusters have begun to consider how to please China audiences better. The way Paramount Film Company handled two films recently can tell the world that China has become an important film market in the world. Directed by marc forster and starring Brad Pitt, "world war z" will be a special edition for modifying some plots in the China market; Another work of the company, "Transformers 4", also confirmed that part of the content will be produced in China. Even Cameron’s Avatar has a China race. Nowadays, Hollywood blockbusters playing "China Special" and "Double Edition" have attracted heated discussion in the British media, but China fans are quite angry about it.

　　Cameron: There will also be many Chinese on Pandora.

　　Recently, the film world war z, directed by marc forster and starring Brad Pitt, exposed the latest poster, and announced that the film will be released in North America in the summer on June 21st, 2013. At the same time, it is reported that the film will be specially produced as "China Special Edition".

　　The story tells the story of human beings facing desperate survival after the outbreak of zombie virus. Brad Pitt plays a survivor in the film. In the western version, the zombie plague involves China. In the China version, this plague is called "Moscow flu", which originated from military enterprises. The first person to find the virus was a brave China scientist. World war z is actively striving for the introduction and submission.

　　Paramount Film Company has decided to make part of the production process of Transformers 4 in China, and has reached a cooperation agreement with CCTV Film Channel. This blockbuster film series directed by michael bay has been launched in London, and it is scheduled to land in North American cinemas on June 27th, 2014, which is expected to be introduced into China at the same time. In an interview with foreign media, michael bay revealed that China actors performed in Transformers 4 for up to 10 minutes, but this part will not appear in the western version.

　　Avatar 2, which is being prepared, has also been widely reported that there will be many China elements in the film, including the Avatar race based on China. Cameron, the director, said that he hoped to invite China actors to play an important role in the film. He thought the market was very important. "I will do some necessary work to make this country an important market for my films. I will abide by the internal rules of this market. "

　　It’s not the first time that a Chinese-American cooperative film has a "special edition" when it was released in China. Last year’s "Ring Messenger" showed more scenes of Summer Xu and scenes in Shanghai than the international edition. In Marvel’s summer masterpiece Iron Man 3, Fan Bingbing’s play only appeared in the China version.

　　British media hotly discuss "Hollywood suffers from China syndrome"

　　The website of The Sunday Times reported that "China defeated the zombies in Brad Pitt", while the Independent recently published an article pointing out that "Hollywood suffers from China syndrome": "Hollywood is now panting after the China film market. In order to win business, Hollywood is ready to rewrite the script, reshape the bad guys, and even transplant the whole work. "

　　The reason is that an annual report released by the Motion Picture Association of America last month shows that China has replaced Japan as the second largest box office market in the world after the United States in 2012.

　　Adding China element is questioned as "export to domestic sales"

　　Hollywood’s move has attracted a lot of criticism from China fans when it has not brought benefits yet. Many netizens questioned that this kind of differential treatment is "very deceptive" and belittled the level of Chinese people’s movie viewing, "simply treating us as retarded". Many netizens think that the forced implantation of China elements is not beneficial to the content of the film, and the blunt creation of a "double version" is purely for the producers in China to entertain themselves, and the performance of China actors is nothing more than "exporting to domestic sales". The China industry is worried that this new model will threaten the already struggling domestic films. "People take away our market and our funds, how can China films survive?"

　　Extended reading

　　The qualification of "co-production" is hard to find, and "special offer" kills two birds with one stone

　　Insiders: China’s "plug-in" is difficult to become mainstream

　　According to the Motion Picture Association of America, by 2020, China may surpass the United States and become the largest film market. As a result, Hollywood blockbusters are "a red heart, two hands ready." The concept of "double version" suddenly triggered a heated discussion in the industry, and netizens complained about it. "Why does Hollywood have to make money in a different way?" Yan Erwei, a producer who is familiar with the Hollywood market and executive director of Riggs Communication, believes that "special editions" may appear together, but they will not become the mainstream.

　　It is not difficult to find that Iron Man 3 and Transformers 4 have caught people’s attention with "co-production" and "co-production". Avatar 2, which is being prepared, has also been exploded, and there will be many elements of China. The "Special Edition" has caused a heated discussion in the industry. It has been reported that the reason why the "special edition" has emerged is that there are too many conditions required for "co-production" and the qualification is too difficult to obtain. Can’t justify "in tune", Hollywood blockbusters simply take the "special offer" route, use China elements to create topics in the simplest way, and attract mainland audiences to pay for tickets, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.

　　Yan Erwei is very familiar with the Hollywood market. He said that "co-production" existed before, and The Kite Runner was a typical example. "More than 90% of the shots of this film were shot in China. At that time, there were two Chinese and American crews on the shooting scene, but the film was not released in the mainland after the filming, and the film side did not intend to release it in the mainland. In short,’ co-production’ refers to the film that has nothing to do with China after the filming. But recently, this concept has gone bad, because a large number of Hollywood commercial blockbusters have entered the China market with ambition. ". The ambition here is to add some China scenes and actors to win the audience’s favor. "

　　Will "special edition" become a trend? How long can this model have vitality? Yan Erwei said frankly that it is possible that there will be more and more "special editions" in recent years, but it is not necessary to put a question mark on it. "Let’s just say that’ special offer’ has not greatly improved the quality of the film itself, and it is not good for exporting values, so I personally am not optimistic about the prospects, at least it will not become the mainstream." He described the "special edition" as a "plug-in" for China in Hollywood film operation, which may be the beginning but can only be a transition.

　　Will this difference affect the movie-watching mentality of fans and the box office of movies? Yan Erwei said that at present, the "special edition" with China elements will not be too bad at the box office in the mainland, and these films will have a new fulcrum in marketing and publicity, and the appearance of face of china will also make the audience feel familiar.

　　Film critic Bi Chenggong also said that although netizens have a lot of abuse, I am afraid that when the movie is really released, most of them will still go to the cinema. He also pointed out that the China element will not affect overseas audiences. "Hollywood blockbusters are often filmed in various countries, and overseas audiences have long been used to it. For them, as long as Americans shoot American movies, they will be given a three-stage genre film, and it is the same where they are filmed."

　　Comprehensive Oriental Daily and xiaoxiang morning herald

　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenxue): According to the latest news from the Health and Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province, from 0: 00 to 12: 00 on September 22nd, there were 5 new confirmed cases in COVID-19 (4 cases in Bayan County, Harbin, and 1 case in nangang district, Harbin). As of 12: 00 on September 22, there are 6 confirmed cases imported from abroad and 8 confirmed cases locally in the province.

　　On September 22nd, Announcement No.29 of Harbin Municipal Command for Dealing with Pneumonia in novel coronavirus was released. In order to find and control the source of infection in time and effectively, and resolutely block the spread of the epidemic, according to the actual situation of epidemic prevention and control in Harbin and the expert’s judgment, the headquarters of Harbin’s response to novel coronavirus’s pneumonia epidemic decided that "three districts and one county" in nangang district, Daoli District, Songbei District and Bayan County should complete the first round of nucleic acid detection before 24: 00 on September 22, and other districts and counties (cities) should complete the first round before 24: 00 on September 23.

　　In order to ensure full coverage and no omission of nucleic acid detection, Longjiang health code assignment management will be implemented for nucleic acid detection, and the health code will be adjusted to "yellow code" for those who fail to carry out nucleic acid detection according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, and will be adjusted to "green code" when the detection is completed and the result is negative.

　　In order to concentrate on doing a good job in nucleic acid screening for all staff and quickly cut off the source of epidemic spread, from now on, the vaccination work in COVID-19 in the city will be suspended for 3 days.

CCTV News:On April 24th, the latest news of China Aerospace was released, and the Shenzhou-18 manned spacecraft was planned to be launched at 20: 59 on April 25th. For more than 60 years, from "two bombs and one satellite" to "Chang ‘e" to explore the moon, "Zhu Rong" to explore the fire and "Tiangong" to roam the stars … … China Aerospace always dreams of the stars and the sea, and will fly to a wider deep space this year.

China space accelerates exploration to new heights.

The launch window of Shenzhou-18 manned spacecraft confirmed that astronauts appeared in groups.

On April 24th, the press conference of Shenzhou-18 manned mission was held in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It is planned to launch the Shenzhou-18 manned spacecraft at 20: 59 on April 25th, and three astronauts will make a collective appearance.

At the press conference, a spokesman for China’s manned spaceflight project introduced the relevant situation of this mission. At 11 noon, the flight crew of Shenzhou 18 met with Chinese and foreign journalists in Wentian Pavilion. The crew consisted of astronauts Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. Commander Ye Guangfu has carried out the manned mission of Shenzhou XIII, and Li Cong and Li Guangsu are the third batch of astronauts in China, both of whom are flying for the first time.

Shenzhou 17, which is carrying out its mission in the space station, is in orbit to watch the press conference and press conference of Shenzhou 18 manned mission.

At present, the state of the space station assembly and all equipment are working normally, the product quality of the Shenzhou-18 rocket assembly is controlled, the ground system facilities and equipment are running stably, and all preparations are ready before launch.

China’s manned moon landing is being developed and built as planned.

April 24 is the ninth "China Aerospace Day" with the theme of "Looking at the vast expanse of the sky and working together with the stars".

Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, said that at present, major flight products such as the Long March 10 carrier rocket, the Dreamboat manned spacecraft, the lunar lander, and the moon landing suit have all completed the program development work, and the production of prototype products and various tests are being carried out in an all-round way. The construction of Wenchang manned lunar exploration launch site has been fully implemented.

In 2024, China Aerospace is expected to launch about 100 missions, and the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project, Chang ‘e-6 mission, Shenzhou-18 manned mission and Tianzhou-8 cargo spacecraft replenishment mission will be advanced as scheduled. Not only that, with the "commercial aerospace" being written into the government work report for the first time, new quality productivity in the aerospace field is also gestating.

In January this year, Kuaizhou Rocket created the fastest networking record of domestic commercial satellite constellations. This year, the company will also complete eight space launch missions.

Accord to that national space administration, at present, there are nine types of commercial launch vehicle that can provide launching services, and a number of remote sen constellations of 100 orders of magnitude initiated by commercial enterprises are under steady construction. With the active arrangement of local governments and enterprises, it is estimated that the scale of China’s commercial space market is expected to exceed 2.3 trillion yuan this year.

China’s economy will make greater contributions to the world economy.

After the National Bureau of Statistics released the economic data for the first quarter of this year, many international financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Deutsche Bank raised their economic growth forecasts for China this year. In response, Wang Wenbin, a spokeswoman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said at a regular press conference held on April 24th that looking ahead, the trend of China’s economic recovery for the better and the longer term will not change, and it will make greater contributions to the world economy.

Wang Wenbin, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said that in the first quarter of this year, China’s economy got off to a good start, the "troika" indicators of consumption, investment and export were running well, and the four macro indicators of growth, employment, inflation and balance of payments remained generally stable, releasing a "strong sense of spring" of sustained recovery. In the first quarter, China’s GDP increased by 5.3% year-on-year, of which domestic demand contributed 85.5% to economic growth, which is the main force to promote economic growth. The UNCTAD report predicts that China’s economy will achieve the growth target of around 5% this year. The 2024 global foreign direct investment confidence index released by American management consulting service company Kearney shows that China’s ranking jumped from the seventh place last year to the third place. According to a Bloomberg report, China will rank first in the world in the proportion of new economic activities in the next five years. Looking into the future, the trend of China’s economic recovery to be good and long-term good will not change. It is believed that with the continuous promotion of high-quality development and high-level opening up, China’s economy will accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading on the basis of steady progress and make greater contributions to the world economy.

China set up a national overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance center to save 6.89 billion yuan for enterprises.

The State Council Press Office held a press conference on April 24th. China National Intellectual Property Administration introduced that the National Guidance Center for Dealing with Overseas Intellectual Property Disputes has been set up with the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, and 43 local sub-centers have been set up in 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and work guidance stations have been set up in countries and regions with intensive trade exchanges to provide professional and efficient overseas rights protection guidance services for enterprises. In 2023, 1,706 enterprises were instructed, which saved 6.89 billion yuan in economic losses for enterprises and helped enterprises reduce the cost of rights protection by 390 million yuan.

110 million yuan of central natural disaster relief funds support flood control and disaster relief in Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi.

Recently, the Ministry of Finance and the Emergency Management Department urgently pre-allocated 110 million yuan of central natural disaster relief funds to support flood control and disaster relief work in Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, focusing on emergency treatment such as search and rescue, relocation and resettlement of affected people, danger elimination, investigation and emergency rectification of hidden dangers of secondary disasters, and repair of damaged houses.

The cultural tourism market continues to heat up, and "fancy" in various places stimulates consumption enthusiasm.

There is still a week before the May Day holiday. These days, air ticket booking has reached a peak, outbound travel has also ushered in a substantial increase, and the cultural tourism market has continued to heat up.

In the big data system of this online booking platform, the reporter found that since mid-April, the air ticket booking curve has obviously increased, and the air ticket booking volume of popular cities has increased day by day, with a one-day increase of 40%. Fifteen days before the holiday, the number of air ticket bookings has exceeded the same period in 2023. The reporter found on a number of online booking platforms that during this year’s "May 1" holiday, medium and long-distance travel was hot, with orders accounting for 56%. The rapid growth of long-distance travel has driven the volume and price of the holiday civil aviation passenger transport market to rise.

Shang Kejia, deputy director of the Transportation Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, said: "The main reason for the popularity of the civil aviation passenger transport market is the continuous release of consumer demand, and transportation production has returned to natural growth, and it has entered the stage of improving quality and increasing efficiency."

The online booking platform data also shows that at present, the number of inbound and outbound airline tickets booked during the May 1 holiday exceeds 690,000, an increase of about 17% over a week ago. Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore rank among the top five popular outbound destinations, and the number of outbound travel bookings has nearly tripled year-on-year.

"May Day" is approaching, and Air China will open new Beijing one after another from April 28th — Riyadh, Beijing — Dhaka route, return to Beijing — Madrid — Sao Paulo, Beijing — Madrid — Havana route. By then, the domestic airline route network will cover six continents again.

At the same time, the launching ceremony of the national cultural and tourism consumption promotion activities in 2024 and the home event of the National May Day Cultural and Tourism Consumption Week were also held in Zhuhai on April 23rd. With the theme of "Cultural tourism benefiting the people and sharing a better life", all localities will launch special cultural tourism activities, new consumption scenarios and measures to benefit the people around traditional festivals, legal holidays and summer holidays to stimulate the enthusiasm of cultural tourism consumption.

With the coming of the May 1 holiday, from May 1, Hainan launched the "air ticket is the ticket" travel coupon distribution activity, and tourists outside Hainan Island can exchange tickets for 21 scenic spots in Hainan Island with their tickets for the corresponding time period. During the holidays, Hainan Province will hold more than 150 cultural and artistic, sports events and tourism festivals to welcome tourists from all over the world.

In 2023, the level of residents’ health literacy will increase to 29.70%.

On April 24th, the National Health and Wellness Commission released the health literacy monitoring of China residents in 2023. In 2023, the health literacy level of Chinese residents reached 29.70%, 1.92 percentage points higher than that in 2022, and continued to show a steady improvement trend. 29.70% means that among every 100 people aged 15-69, nearly 30 people have basic health literacy, know basic health knowledge and concepts, master healthy lifestyle and behavior content, and have basic health skills.

The monitoring results show that in 2023, the health literacy level of urban residents in China was 33.25%, and that of rural residents was 26.23%, increasing by 1.31 and 2.45 percentage points respectively compared with 2022. The level of basic knowledge and concept literacy of urban and rural residents is 42.00%, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy is 32.21%, and the level of basic skills literacy is 26.76%, which is 0.74, 1.58 and 0.76 percentage points higher than that in 2022 respectively. The literacy level of six kinds of health problems from high to low is: safety and first aid literacy 59.33%, scientific health concept literacy 54.71%, health information literacy 41.05%, chronic disease prevention literacy 30.43%, basic medical literacy 28.84% and infectious disease prevention literacy 28.02%.

Carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP are expected to drop by 3.9% this year.

On April 23rd, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the main target of ecological environment protection in 2024. This year, the average concentration of PM2.5, the ratio of days with excellent air quality, the ratio of surface water quality sections I to III and other eco-environmental quality indicators in cities at prefecture level and above will be better than the schedule requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by about 3.9%, and the total emissions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen will continue to decrease.

　　Fengyun-4 Satellite Photo courtesy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation No.8 Institute

　　During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China plans to launch seven Fengyun meteorological satellites. By 2035, China’s meteorological comprehensive strength will reach the world advanced level, and meteorology will be deeply integrated into people’s livelihood security and industry development, and a meteorological power will be basically built. ]

　　Start wechat, a lonely villain stares at the earth. The first complete photo of the Earth released by NASA to the world is called "Blue Marbles". It was shot by Apollo 17 astronauts, and the perspective was over the African continent.

　　Whenever Chen Xiaojie, deputy director of the General Office of Meteorology and Environment of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and chief designer of Fengyun-4 satellite, opens WeChat, his thoughts will always fly to September 25, 2017 involuntarily.

　　That day was the day when China’s new generation of geostationary orbit meteorological satellite Fengyun-4 A star was officially delivered and put into use, and the WeChat startup screen changed its face accordingly — — The image is still the blue earth, but the location of the exhibition has become the Eastern Hemisphere, and it was Fengyun No.4 A star that shot it.

　　"The photo perspective is the earth observed from above China, and that feeling is very different." Chen Xiaojie has been deeply impressed by this.

　　At the beginning of 1969, a rare freezing rain and snow disaster swept half of China. At that time, only the Soviet Union and the United States had meteorological satellites in the world. Although China can accept foreign satellite cloud picture, it is only a simple "black-and-white image", and it is impossible to mine the original data and retrieve various meteorological elements, so its application is greatly limited.

　　On January 29, 1969, Premier Zhou Enlai put forward: "We should quickly change our backwardness and build our own meteorological satellite." In February 1970, Premier Zhou personally issued documents from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and assigned the task of developing meteorological satellites. As a result, China’s meteorological satellite industry officially started.

　　Up to now, China has successfully launched 17 Fengyun series meteorological satellites, and 7 of them are currently in orbit. These satellites, which are the most "aware of people’s warmth and coldness", observe the changes of the earth in space, prompting us to add clothes and umbrellas.

　　According to the China Meteorological Bureau, China plans to launch Fengyun-4 B and Fengyun-3 E satellites in 2021, and seven Fengyun meteorological satellites are planned to be launched during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. "By 2035, China will establish a meteorological business system with accurate monitoring, accurate forecasting and fine service. The comprehensive meteorological strength will reach the world advanced level, and the meteorology will be deeply integrated into people’s livelihood security and industry development, and a meteorological power will be basically built." Zhuang Guotai, director of the bureau, revealed.

　　The fate was ill-fated, and the first star "died" after 39 days of launch.

　　On September 4th, 1988, Astrin Zhong, the chief designer of Fengyun-1 satellite, stood on the tower with a height of tens of meters, and his heart turned upside down.

　　That was the day when China’s first Fengyun satellite was originally planned to be launched. However, after the commander issued the "5-hour preparation" instruction, the control center suddenly lost all the telemetry signals of the satellite and the launch was terminated.

　　Ren Xinmin, chief designer of Fengyun-1 satellite project, ordered on-site inspection. Meng Zhizhong and Xu Fuxiang, then the chief designer of the attitude control system, climbed the tower with the test team and nervously performed "surgery" on the satellite. At this time, there are no guardrails around, and there are rockets filled with propellant under the satellite. Every movement should be careful.

　　What makes Meng Zhizhong feel stressed is that the scheduled launch time is approaching, and the stations around the country are already ready, constantly calling for news; From Beijing to Shanghai and then to the launch center, soldiers were deployed on the communication lines along the way, and everyone was waiting for the news of the launch at their posts. The troubleshooting work on the tower is progressing slowly, and Meng Zhizhong is both anxious and guilty.

　　It was not until the evening that the cause of the fault was finally found out. It was the CMOS circuit of the telemeter that had a "bolt lock" under certain circumstances. The test team took down the telemeter and repaired it overnight, and put it back on the satellite the next morning.

　　Three days later, Fengyun-1 A, which took nearly 10 years to develop, was successfully launched, making China the third country in the world with polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. However, after just over a month, the accident happened again.

　　On this day, the staff of the National Satellite Meteorological Center found that the received satellite cloud image gradually deviated, and finally only the arc of the earth could be seen. The satellite is out of control.

　　Zou Jingmeng, then director of China Meteorological Bureau, asked eagerly: Is there any other way? Meng Zhizhong was speechless.

　　Because there was no backup equipment installed, Fengyun-1 A star "died" in space in full view, only 39 days before its launch.

　　A rare satellite ground rescue in the history of world space flight

　　On September 3, 1990, Fengyun-1 B star was successfully launched. It can provide weather forecast for the 11th Asian Games in time, but after only ten days, it is abnormal.

　　Scientific and technical personnel completed the repair in time, but found a thorny problem: the satellite did not carry out anti-radiation reinforcement in component selection and software design. This loophole exposed the computer circuit chip to the bombardment of high-energy particles in space, which easily led to the problem of single event overturning, which would lead to computer malfunction and attitude control system failure at any time.

　　The loopholes cannot be filled, and the only way is to strengthen the monitoring of satellites and correct problems in time.

　　Astrin Zhonghe and Xu Fuxiang led the scientific and technical personnel to be divided into two working groups, which were on duty in Xi ‘an Satellite TT&C Center in turn. They use the opportunity of the satellite crossing the border six times a day to monitor its on-orbit work.

　　On February 14, 1991, in the New Year’s Eve, the satellite cloud picture suddenly distorted and rolled. In the next 75 days, the staff took turns on duty without interruption and began a rare satellite ground rescue operation in the history of world space. Like emergency doctors, they have revived Fengyun-1 B star again and again. However, frequent "operations" have greatly damaged the satellite’s vitality and greatly reduced its life.

　　Eventually, Fengyun-1 B star worked intermittently until November 1992, and accumulated normal operation for 285 days in orbit, which failed to reach the design life index of one year.

　　Academician Sun Jiadong, a meritorious scientist with two bombs and one satellite, has been with Fengyun for more than 40 years as the chief designer of Fengyun-2 satellite project. He once said: "I have been a chief satellite engineer in my life, and Fengyun-2 is the most unforgettable."

　　In February 1994, China’s first geostationary orbit meteorological satellite — — Fengyun-2 01 came to xichang satellite launch center. After many tests, the satellite was successfully refueled and fitted with a solid apogee engine, only to be fully tested for the last time before the transition.

　　On the morning of April 2, the test began. At about 10: 50, the solid apogee engine burned and exploded, and black smoke came out with red flames. The observation window glass was shattered and the power supply of the factory building was interrupted.

　　This major accident claimed the life of an assembly worker and caused more than 30 test team members to be injured and hospitalized. Astronauts suffered a painful lesson because they did not understand the performance and danger of hydrazine fuel and ignored the requirements of anti-static and environmental temperature and humidity.

　　Fengyun-1 star C made a beautiful "turnaround"

　　Successive accidents have caused Fengyun satellite development to fall into a downturn. But the astronauts who fell again and again stood up stubbornly again and again. They compiled heavy lessons into a book and became a typical teaching material to guide the follow-up work.

　　Meng Zhizhong was 60 years old when he was appointed to preside over the development of Fengyun-1 C star. The previous setbacks made him unwilling. He analyzed that the reason why Fengyun-1 A-Star and B-Star failed to complete their tasks was not that the performance indicators did not meet the requirements, but that they died halfway due to low reliability. Developing a long-term, reliable and stable operational meteorological satellite has become the common goal of the team.

　　On May 10th, 1999, Fengyun-1 C star was successfully launched. This launch was later selected as one of the three major events in the last year of the 20th century in China, which was engraved on the China Millennium Monument. In August 2000, the World Meteorological Organization listed the satellite in the world operational meteorological satellite sequence.

　　Fengyun-1 star C made a beautiful "turnaround". It has been running stably in orbit for 7 years, and is known as "the first long-lived satellite in sun-synchronous orbit", which has opened a new page in China’s meteorological satellite industry.

　　Since then, Fengyun Satellite’s development has become smoother and smoother.

　　In 2002, Fengyun-1 D star was launched, becoming one of the longest-lived remote sensing satellites in China. Fengyun-2 C satellite launched in 2004 was the most widely used operational satellite in China at that time, and was highly appraised by the World Meteorological Organization, and was listed as one of the important operational satellites of the global meteorological satellite observation network. From 2006 to 2014, China launched four Fengyun-2 series satellites, which provoked the burden of meteorological support for major national events.

　　In 2008, on the eve of the opening of the Beijing Olympic Games, Fengyun-3, China’s second-generation sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite, was launched. Since then, Fengyun-3′ s B, C and D stars have been launched one after another, realizing the upgrading of Fengyun-1. They operate in a network with complementary functions, and realize the detection from two-dimensional imaging to three-dimensional detection, and from single optics to full-spectrum wide-spectrum detection, which greatly shortens the update time of global numerical weather forecast, prolongs the forecasting time and further improves the forecasting accuracy.

　　In the international "dark war", one star does the work of two stars.

　　On January 15, 2021, the price of Taihu short-legged vegetables in Shanghai vegetable market doubled compared with 10 days ago. The local media found that this has something to do with the recent cold wave. According to the forecast of the Meteorological Observatory, there was another cold wave on January 16, and the local vegetable supply unit deployed ahead of schedule to fully carry out the emergency supply work.

　　Weather changes affect people’s clothing, travel and even all aspects of life. Tang Shihao, director of the Remote Sensing Application Office of the National Satellite Meteorological Center and chief designer of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Application System, said that it is only one of Fengyun Satellite’s "basic skills" to provide support for accurately forecasting the cold wave and monitoring its development and influence.

　　In particular, a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites — — The successful launch of Fengyun-4 A satellite has made China’s meteorological satellite technology change from following and running in parallel to running in parallel and leading, which has further improved China’s meteorological comprehensive ability.

　　Recalling the development and launch of Fengyun-4 A star, Chen Xiaojie felt like a fierce competition.

　　In 2016, as if agreed in advance, the development of a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites in China, the United States, Europe and Japan all reached a critical juncture, and everyone was secretly struggling.

　　In addition to the fact that European satellites have not yet been launched for various reasons, in early November 2016, Japan took the lead in launching the "Himawari 9" satellite. This satellite adopts many American technologies and products and will replace the "Sunflower 8" previously launched by the country.

　　On November 19th, a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite GOES-R was launched. According to industry evaluation, compared with previous meteorological satellites, the leap brought by this satellite is like changing from black-and-white TV to high-definition color TV.

　　On December 11th, China’s Fengyun-4 A star was launched.

　　Chen Xiaojie said that Fengyun-4 A star not only leads the world in its comprehensive observation ability to the earth, but also is the first geostationary meteorological satellite in the world to realize the comprehensive observation of "multi-spectral two-dimensional imaging+hyperspectral three-dimensional detection+ultra-narrow-band lightning imaging" by a single satellite.

　　In the past, the interference between vertical detection instruments and imaging observation instruments has always been an international problem. The previous practice in Europe was to put the two on two satellites respectively.

　　Compared with international competitors, the performance of Fengyun-4 A star is not inferior. Some people describe this star as doing the work of two stars at the same time.

　　According to Dong Yaohai, chief designer of Fengyun-4 satellite system, the satellite has realized the simultaneous operation of multiple loads with moving optical components through the self-developed SAST-5000 satellite platform, and all loads coexist harmoniously.

　　The multi-channel scanning imaging radiometer carried by the satellite was the most advanced radiation imager for geostationary satellites in China at that time, which could scan the eastern hemisphere every 15 minutes with the highest spatial resolution of 500 meters. "The accuracy of 500 meters is equivalent to placing a few candles a few kilometers away for a geostationary orbit close to 36,000 kilometers high, and it can be seen clearly." Dong Yaohai said that this accuracy is equivalent to the GOES-R satellite launched by the United States at the same time.

　　At the same time, the interferometric atmospheric vertical detector carried by Fengyun-4 A star can detect the atmosphere vertically; China’s first satellite-borne lightning imager can be used to stare at China and its surrounding areas with wide-angle lenses, and it can take 500 photos every second to record the frequency and intensity of lightning.

　　Fifteen years later, meteorological comprehensive strength leads the world.

　　Starting this year, Fengyun family will be "added".

　　According to the China Meteorological Bureau, the second satellite of Fengyun-4 — — Fengyun-4 B star, the development work has been basically completed. According to the plan, it will be launched this year.

　　The load of Fengyun-4 B star has been optimized. For example, multi-channel scanning imaging radiometer, some channels have been locally optimized; The spatial resolution of the atmospheric vertical detector has also been improved.

　　At the same time, a fast imager has been added to this satellite, which can flexibly observe different areas according to instructions by adjusting the lens, and the resolution is the highest among the global geostationary meteorological satellites at present.

　　Tang Shihao is looking forward to this. He said that at present, Fengyun-4 A star images China and its surrounding areas once every five minutes, with the highest resolution of 500 meters. Some weather phenomena with smaller scale and shorter duration may be missed. The fast imager carried by Fengyun-4 B star can image millions of square kilometers once a minute, with the highest resolution of about 250 meters, which has stronger monitoring ability for small and medium-sized weather systems.

　　E-Star Fengyun-3, which China plans to launch this year, will be the world’s first meteorological satellite in the morning and evening orbit. At present, the global polar-orbiting meteorological satellites are all in the morning or afternoon orbit, which means that their observation period is in the morning or afternoon. The E-Star Fengyun-3 will be observed at dawn and dusk, which can make up for the current observation gap and improve the accuracy and timeliness of global numerical weather forecast.

　　Tang Shihao introduced that after the E-Star Fengyun-3 and Fengyun-3 series satellites currently in orbit are networked, the daily observation time distribution will be more uniform, and the meteorological data of morning and evening time will be obtained. In addition, in the past, Fengyun satellite could only be observed by infrared and microwave instruments at night, while Fengyun-3 E-star was equipped with low-light-level observation equipment, which had the ability to observe visible light at night.

　　The reporter learned from the China Meteorological Bureau that the Fengyun satellite planned to be launched in China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period will further enrich its orbital types. For example, in the geostationary orbit, there will be Fengyun satellites with different orbital positions, which will be observed by optical and microwave means. In low orbit, in addition to the morning and afternoon orbit and the morning and dusk orbit, China will also launch precipitation satellites to the low inclination orbit, mainly to monitor the precipitation in low latitudes.

　　Tang Shihao said that the development of Fengyun satellite in the future mainly includes improving the monitoring ability of atmospheric wind field, cloud and rain atmosphere and its vertical structure, improving monitoring accuracy and monitoring timeliness, and enhancing the cooperative mobile observation ability of satellites.

　　Produced by Shentong Studio

　　Written by: Reporter Fu Yifei

　　Planning: Chen Lei

[annual report analysis]Gree Electric, Midea Group and Haier Zhijia, the three giants of home appliances, have released their 2020 financial reports one after another. It also allows investors to comprehensively compare the "transcripts" of the three giants last year.

Comparison of income and profit

The income and profit are still the same, and Midea Group has won the double champion. Midea Group achieved a revenue of 285.7 billion yuan last year, a year-on-year increase of 2.27%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was 27.223 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 12.44%. Midea Group’s revenue has been growing in single digits for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020, but its net profit has maintained double-digit growth, which is also commendable.

Gree Electric achieved a revenue of 170.5 billion yuan last year, down 15% year-on-year; The net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was 22.175 billion yuan, a year-on-year decrease of 10.21%. Both revenue and net profit are double-digit refinement.

Gree Electric’s income declined for the first time in many years, but its net profit declined for two consecutive years, which also made Gree Electric give up the throne of the first profit in the home appliance industry. In 2019, Midea Group’s net profit returned to its mother was 24.2 billion yuan, lower than Gree Electric’s 24.7 billion yuan.

Haier Zhijia achieved a revenue of 209.7 billion yuan last year, a year-on-year increase of 4.46%; The net profit attributable to shareholders of the parent company was 8.877 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 8.2%. For Haier Zhijia, after its income surpassed that of Gree Electric in 2019, its income surpassed that of Gree Electric again last year. But the net profit is much less than that of Gree Electric.

Comparison of gross profit margin and net interest rate

Although Midea’s group income is 100 billion yuan more than that of Gree Electric, its net profit is only about 5 billion yuan more than that of Gree. Haier Zhijia’s income is nearly 40 billion yuan more than that of Gree Electric, but its net profit is less than half that of Gree Electric, which is related to the gross profit margin.

Last year, the gross profit margin of Gree Electric’s sales was 26.14% and the net profit margin was 13.25%. Compared with 2019, the gross profit margin was reduced by about 1.44 percentage points, but the net profit margin increased by 0.72 percentage points.

Midea Group’s gross sales margin is 25.11% and its net sales profit rate is 9.68%. Compared with Gree Electric, Midea Group’s gross profit margin is about 1 percentage point lower, but its net profit rate is 4.57 percentage points lower.

Haier Zhijia’s gross profit margin is 29.68% and its net profit margin is 5.4%. Among the three giants of home appliances, Haier Zhijia’s gross profit margin is even the highest. Why is the net profit rate the lowest?

It is related to four expense rates, namely, sales expenses, management expenses, financial expenses and R&D expense rates. The data shows that the sum of these four expense rates of Haier Zhijia is 27.94%; Midea’s group rate is 19.03%; Gree Electric’s rate is 15.74%, which is much lower than Haier Zhijia and Midea Group.

Comparing the sales rates with the largest proportion, Gree Electric is 7.65%, Midea Group is 9.63%, and Haier Zhijia is 16.04%, which is more than twice that of Gree Electric. In other words, last year, the sales expenses of Gree Electric and Midea Group were 13 billion yuan and 27.5 billion yuan respectively, while the sales expenses of Haier Zhijia were 33.6 billion yuan.

Comparison of return on assets and price-earnings ratio

Return on assets is divided into return on total assets (ROA) and return on equity (ROE). ROA in Gree Electric last year was 8.43%, and the average ROE was 18.88%.

Midea Group’s ROA was 8.85% last year, with an average ROE of 24.84%. Haier Zhijia is 7.37% and 15.48% respectively. Similarly, Midea Group takes the lead, followed by Gree and Haier.

Before the market opened on April 30, Midea Group’s price-earnings ratio PE(TTM) was 24 times, and its market value was 587.5 billion yuan. Gree Electric PE is 15 times, with a market value of 358 billion yuan; Haier Zhijia PE is 35 times, and its market value is 308.3 billion yuan, which is pressing Gree Electric.

Although Haier Zhijia has the lowest market value, the market gives it a higher valuation, even more than double that of Gree Electric. In terms of the total market value, Midea Group still holds the throne of "Home Appliances One Brother".

How can I get the information of a truck I don’t know quickly? Domestic off-brand trucks usually stick various LOGOs on the body, including LOGO, model, horsepower, etc. It is a quick and effective way to obtain basic information from various logos pasted on the body. You can know what brand this is through logo, and you can know the name of the model through the model logo. Then you can use search engine to learn more about this model.

Logo, on the other hand, is also a way for manufacturers to publicize the characteristics of their vehicles. For example, a "4.9s" is marked on the rear of a hybrid vehicle to tell everyone that the acceleration time of this vehicle from 0 to 100 km/h is only 4.9 seconds. Different from passenger cars, trucks have more and more complicated signs, but there are also rules to follow.

Logo of BYD Hybrid Vehicle

Common way 1: Tonnage+horsepower

The seven mainstream truck brands in Europe are led by Mercedes-Benz trucks, and they like to use the sign "Tonnage+Horsepower" to stick on the door. The nameplate consists of four digits in total, the first two digits represent the total mass of the vehicle design (unit: ton), and the last two digits multiplied by 10 are equal to the maximum output horsepower of the engine. Take 2644, the main model sold in China, as an example, with a total design mass of 26 tons and a maximum output power of 440 HP. 2648, 3360, 1841, etc. are all the same.

Common body logo of Mercedes-Benz truck

Baotou Beiben Heavy Truck Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement with Mercedes-Benz truck in the 1980s, and introduced a series of products. In terms of product naming, the Beiben model also continued the way of Mercedes-Benz truck, so don’t be surprised to see the same standard method as Mercedes-Benz on the Beiben truck.

Common body logo of Beiben truck

At present, Foton Motor, which cooperates with Daimler Group, has an EST super truck based on construction. Recently, it has been listed in China and started to use the same signboard form as Mercedes-Benz trucks. For example, the original 430-horsepower model only marked "430" on the door, and now it has been replaced with "2543".

MAN truck company, which is also a German brand, also adopts the standard method of "tonnage+horsepower", which is more intuitive than Mercedes-Benz’s 4-digit standard method. MAN uses the 5-digit standard method, in which the first 2 digits are the total design mass of the vehicle, and the last 3 digits are the maximum output horsepower of the engine, and the model name will be added at the front, usually three English letters. For example, MAN recently promoted 28.480 in China, TGX is MAN’s flagship model, 28 indicates that the total vehicle mass is designed for 28 tons, and 480 indicates the maximum output power of the engine.

Common body logo of Mann truck in Germany

It is not unreasonable for Italy to be dubbed Italy’s Italian-made medium-sized car. Although the standard method is tonnage+horsepower, people who don’t know it will be puzzled to interpret it according to the convention of Mercedes-Benz, because Iveco’s standard method is very confusing. For example, a Eurocargo is marked with "150E28" next to it, and many people will subconsciously think that this car is 150 horsepower with a total design weight of 28 tons. On the contrary, "150" means that the total design mass is 15 tons and the maximum output power of the engine is 280 horsepower. The latest Eurocargo has changed a new standard method, which is also composed of five digits. The first two digits indicate tonnage, and the last three digits indicate horsepower. "75-190" means 7.5 tons and 190 horsepower. Iveco’s flagship heavy truck is relatively simple and rude, and it is directly labeled as "model+horsepower", which belongs to another classification.

Body logo of Iveco truck in Italy

A few simple numbers can convey the information of vehicle tonnage, horsepower and even vehicle type. The marking method of "tonnage+horsepower" is very intuitive and effective. Experienced people can roughly guess the vehicle type and service conditions from this marking information, such as Mercedes-Benz 2648, which must be a three-axle vehicle with a total weight of 26 tons. This tonnage level with a 480 horsepower engine is more suitable for high-speed logistics conditions. If Mercedes-Benz 3360 is used, if it is a 33-ton tractor with 600 horsepower, then it is no accident that it must be designed for heavy-duty conditions, so it needs such a large tonnage and horsepower. MAN and Iveco are the same, and I have to admire the person who came up with this method at that time.

Common way 2: model+horsepower

At present, it is the most widely used method to use the model (car series)+horsepower standard method. European manufacturers think that this method is used in all series of models, and the logo consists of one letter plus three digits. The name of Scania car series is relatively simple, which is P/G/R/S series from bottom to top. The car logo is one letter, and the last three digits indicate the maximum horsepower of the engine. Take chestnuts as an example. G480 means that this car uses a series of cabs with a maximum power of 480 HP. The same is true for other series.

Body logo of Scania truck

Like Scania, there are French trucks. Now Renault’s latest trucks are divided into models with a single letter, including T-series, C-series, K-series and other models, corresponding to different levels and working conditions. The logo is also composed of car name+horsepower. The "T" of the 2015 international truck Renault T520 represents the model, and "520" means that the car is 520 horsepower.

Renault truck

Domestic cars basically use this standard method. The eldest son of the Republic marked "J6P-460" on the door to indicate that the model name is, the engine output is 460 horsepower; There are also domestic mainstream models such as U480,540, Shaanxi Automobile X3000 480 and Hongyan Jieshi C100 480, all of which are of this kind.

Body logo of Jiefang truck

This widely used identification method has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that it is intuitive to know the name of the vehicle and the power of the engine, but the disadvantage is that it is impossible to infer the working condition of the vehicle from the name. Therefore, domestic manufacturers will now attach labels such as "Pilot Edition", "Sailing Edition", "Composite Edition", "Lightweight Edition" and "Smooth Edition" to the body surface to further refine the vehicle classification. If you think that this can satisfy the "show off" psychology of manufacturers, it is naive, and then read on.

Common way 3: technical identification cannot be less.

We can often see various labels such as "VVTI", "TFSI" and "1.5T" on passenger cars. These are the places where manufacturers are not or not good enough to flaunt their cars with other brands, which can be understood as a show off. For example, Toyota’s VVTI variable valve technology is a Toyota patent, and other manufacturers can’t flaunt themselves like this, so Toyota can use this as a selling point. The same is true for truck manufacturers, on the one hand, to show more information, on the other hand, to show off. Among them, the engine logo is the most common, and both domestic and foreign car companies play this set.

Starting from Mercedes-Benz, "BlueTec" can be found on passenger cars and trucks. It is the name of a diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system originally created by Mercedes-Benz. This aftertreatment technology can effectively reduce particulates and effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. It is one of the cleanest diesel engine technologies in the world. Is Mercedes-Benz a naked show?

Technical signs on Mercedes-Benz trucks

Another model of Mercedes-Benz truck with engine will put a "V8" logo on the front of the car to tell the onlookers that this is a car with V8 engine. European manufacturers MAN and Scania also have this practice, and will add the V8 logo as an honor to the car. But now, with the emission escalation, only Scania has retained the V8 engine with Euro 6 emission, and the gold content of the V8 logo is even more sufficient in Ouka.

Technical signs on Scania trucks

Even if there is no V8 engine, as long as the engine technology is advanced enough, it can be pasted on the car as a show-off capital. MAN in Germany has an engine with Euro-6 emission. The engine model starts with "D38". This D38 engine has excellent performance, and all indicators can kill competitors, both in fuel economy and power. Therefore, MAN will put a "D38" logo on the model equipped with D38 engine to let you know that this is a car equipped with D38 engine.

Technical signs on MAN trucks in Germany

Similarly, domestic manufacturers have done a lot, and there are two brands of DCI engines with Renault technology to choose from. In order to highlight DCI engines, all cars equipped with DCI engines will add a "DCI" logo before the horsepower logo, while machines equipped with Dongfeng Cummins do not have this treatment. The same is true for United trucks. Models equipped with flagship engine series will stick a "6K inside" on the door to indicate that the "heart" of this car is 6K.

Common body logo of Dongfeng Tianlong

It sounds incredible to make a car system specially for an engine, but in fact there are quite a few. Up to now, it is the king of horsepower of European trucks. A 16-liter inline 6-cylinder engine has made a maximum output of 750 horsepower, which is enough to be proud of. For this reason, a truck is specially added on the basis of "".The front face of the vehicle is different from other FH colors, and the surface of the car body also has a special logo.

750 horsepower model

Ou Man, a domestic manufacturer, is playing this game the most. A Ou Man GTL model with an ISG engine is called "Edition", and a big "ISG" logo is attached to the side of the car body; Ou Man GTL with Mercedes-Benz OM457 engine is called "Mercedes-Benz Edition", and there is a corresponding logo on the body. Because there are many engines available for Foton models, in order to better distinguish the engine brands, there is a letter behind the horsepower logo to represent the engine brands. For example, "490 G" means the maximum output power of the engine is 490 HP, the engine is Cummins ISG, the letter "W" means, and "B" means Mercedes-Benz power.

Body logo of GTL truck in Ou Man

Standard torque

Finally, I want to talk about a very distinctive logo type. Recently, Dongfeng Tianlong flagship has put on a new logo method, changing the horsepower standard method used in the past and replacing it with 4 digits plus engine displacement. These four figures can make many people blindsided and completely unable to understand what they mean.

The latest body logo adopted by Tianlong flagship

"2330" and "13L", which is easy to understand, represent the engine displacement of 13L, because there are not many domestic models that can assemble 13L engines now, and most of the so-called 13L engines have a displacement of more than 12L, and only Dongfeng Cummins ISZ 13 has a real domestic displacement of 13L, so it is so proud to stick "13L" on the car body. The meaning of "2330" doesn’t matter, it represents the maximum torque output value of the engine, and other manufacturers mark the engine power. It is also the first time for Dongfeng to mark the torque, which is a precedent. The purpose of doing this is to show that the engine torque is large, the vehicle power is strong, and the starting point is very good. It is not known how the actual publicity effect is.

Privately, this practice is more like manufacturers "entertaining themselves." There are two reasons. The first is that the practice of marking torque seems intuitive. In fact, it is difficult for the bottom users to quantify this value, and they have no idea about it. They are used to the marking method of horsepower and suddenly have a torque, and they can’t understand how much horsepower this is. It’s like everyone says that he is xx meters tall, and suddenly someone says that he is xx feet tall, which makes it impossible to judge the height of his birth immediately according to his own experience. The second is that the labeling form is too counterintuitive, and almost no one can guess what these four numbers mean. The combination of tonnage and horsepower of Mercedes-Benz is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and will be interpreted in the form of Mercedes-Benz.

To sum up all the models, there must be a key message-horsepower value no matter how the logo rules of different brands and models change. In the final analysis, a truck is a means of transportation, and the most basic and key indicator is the strength of power. Only when the power is strong enough can it carry goods. Basically, all truck engines are diesel engines and turbocharged, which are standard configurations, so there is no need to mark these as selling points like passenger cars. An engine will have several different output power adjustments, and with different engine types, the optional horsepower range will be particularly rich. At this time, marking the horsepower value on the body can reflect the power strength of the vehicle relatively intuitively.

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Original serious demographic gossip group serious demographic gossip

Author | Wang Han Ph.D. student in sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Editor | Zhao Menghan Associate Professor, Population and Development Research Center, Renmin University of China

After the outbreak of COVID-19, all aspects of our lives have been greatly impacted, and education is also an area that has been deeply influenced and changed. Due to the demand of prevention and control, face-to-face teaching was forced to stop. In order to solve the teaching problems of all kinds of students, especially those in the basic education stage, an upsurge of online teaching has been set off around the world since 2020.

Our country has also responded quickly in developing online teaching. As early as January 29, 2020, the Ministry of Education issued a notice: advocating the use of online platforms to achieve "suspension of classes without stopping teaching and learning", so as to gradually restore the order of education and teaching. Subsequently, major universities, primary and secondary schools responded to the call and began to implement online teaching. Although offline teaching was also carried out during the slow epidemic, it was not until this year that offline campus teaching was basically completely restored. It should be said that the implementation of online teaching not only protects the health of teachers and students, but also minimizes the impact of the epidemic on teaching activities.

Of course, the emergence and application of anything new has a complicated impact. There are many difficulties and challenges, but it also brings innovation and hope. With the small series, we will sort out and summarize the influence and enlightenment brought to us by the online courses in the next three years in stages.

Chapter 1

Past lives of online class

As a new teaching method, Internet teaching has two main ways: live teaching and recorded teaching. Live teaching is the real-time classroom teaching and interaction with the help of the network platform, such as the popular Zoom abroad, the Tencent conference commonly used in domestic universities, and all kinds of nails that are collectively scored low by primary school students. Live teaching is equivalent to "moving" the classroom to the network platform. Recording and broadcasting teaching means uploading course videos and related materials made in advance on the network platform for learners to view and learn by themselves. The pioneer of recording and broadcasting teaching is the famous Coursera, and there are similar platforms in China, such as Netease Open Class and China University MOOC.

In fact, before the epidemic, Internet teaching had a broad audience in China, mainly concentrated in college students and adult self-learners. Online courses are widely used in all kinds of postgraduate entrance examinations, overseas examinations and civil service examinations, which makes large-scale training and teaching possible. When Xiao Bian was preparing to go abroad for the exam n years ago, he participated in the GRE full-course and braille class of an institution. At that time, YY voice platform was adopted for online teaching.

Compared with adult learners, students in the basic education stage had less opportunities to contact online teaching before the "online class tide". For basic education, classroom education is not only a form of imparting knowledge, but also an important place for students to make friends and complete socialization. Therefore, compared with the online teaching of graduate students like Xiaobian, students and teachers in primary and secondary schools have encountered many problems in the process of accepting online teaching.

Chapter 2

Difficulties and challenges in online courses

The first challenge that online classes bring to teachers and students in primary and secondary schools is the technical problem. First of all, in terms of network and equipment, some students can’t get a stable network connection due to economic constraints, or they don’t have computers at home. Many students use mobile devices to attend online classes, which may damage their eyesight because of the small screen. In terms of acceptance, primary school students’ acceptance is greater than that of high school students, which may be related to the complexity of the teaching content.

Teachers also have similar network and equipment problems, but what teachers reflect more is their unfamiliarity with teaching software and lack of live broadcast experience. How to organize teaching and interaction in virtual environment is a big challenge for teachers, especially for older teachers, who need to spend more time getting familiar with and applying new technologies. The research points out that most primary and secondary school teachers have negative emotions such as "nervousness and anxiety" when they just turn to online teaching. After using it for a period of time, with the improvement of teachers’ mastery of new technologies, their self-confidence in online teaching has also improved significantly. Technology-related problems are obvious in the initial stage of online course application. With the increase of familiarity, most of the problems have been solved.

Compared with technical problems, the quality of online teaching is the focus of attention. In a nationwide survey of online classes in primary and secondary schools, most parents said that they didn’t recognize the effect of their children’s learning. The main reason was that parents thought that their children’s autonomous learning ability was poor, and they could not effectively supervise and restrain their children because the teachers were not present. Common problems such as absent-mindedness, inattention in listening, and inattention in completing homework. On social media, Xiao Bian also saw a post. A teacher opened the teaching software to check the homework, only to find that the homework photos uploaded by the students were net maps, and all the students uploaded the same photo. What’s even more outrageous is that in order to avoid the teacher’s discovery, some students added different filters to the photos, and when they saw the students’ "Sao operation", the teacher also said that he was speechless.

The classroom in colleges and universities needs more interaction and discussion between teachers and students, while in online courses, teachers and students lack opportunities for face-to-face communication. The form of online teaching is like a "enough paper" for communication and interaction. Although it is only a thin layer, it is difficult to attract students to break it in class. Without asking to turn on the camera, many students are confused, lying down and listening to classes while walking, and the learning effect is naturally not good.

In addition, due to the differences of students’ family environment and family relationship, online teaching will amplify the influence of family background on students. Children from wealthy families will have a better learning environment and a better learning effect than children from low-income families. Therefore, how to improve the teaching quality of online teaching for students in compulsory education stage is a subject worth studying in the future.

Chapter 3

Surprises and opportunities brought by online courses

The popularity of online teaching has promoted the development of internet teaching technology, innovated teaching methods and promoted the development of various online teaching platforms and software. As a nail, the school-based function is convenient for teachers to check and correct homework and improve teaching efficiency. In the process of developing online courses, teachers have innovated teaching methods and accumulated teaching experience supported by new technologies.

Although some students are even more reluctant to participate in interaction in online classes, due to the absence of the Internet, some students who are usually silent in the classroom can participate in classroom interaction more actively after switching to the Internet platform, which is also a pleasant surprise in online teaching.

In the process of online teaching, parents’ participation in their children’s education has increased significantly. Due to the absence of teachers, parents assume the role of supervision and management of their children, which gives many parents who are usually busy with their work and less involved in their children’s studies an opportunity to get to know their children better. In the process of supervising and tutoring children’s homework, the interaction between parents and children has also increased significantly, which is helpful to improve family relations (of course, when the academic performance is not good, it will also have the opposite effect).

The popularity of online courses has also greatly enriched Internet educational resources. In the past, some teaching resources that were difficult to retrieve on the Internet can now be easily found on various platforms, which will help reduce the cost of education and give everyone a more equal opportunity to obtain educational resources. Some things that you used to have to take remedial classes can now be found on the Internet. At the same time, the online teaching resources have realized "paperless" teaching and learning, which is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment.

More importantly, the popularity of online courses is a new opportunity for friends who are interested in lifelong learning and improve themselves through self-study. For example, on Coursera, you can hear courses from top universities in the world, such as Harvard University and University of California, Berkeley, and most of them are provided free of charge. If your English is not very good, there are many Chinese Coursera courses for you to choose from in Netease open class. The bridge of the internet allows many people who have no chance to study abroad to dream of famous schools. The popularity of online courses is a great boon for lifelong learners.

To sum up, although online education has encountered some difficulties and challenges in the initial stage of application, it is very valuable in the long run. Online teaching not only promotes the innovation of teaching technology, but also greatly enriches educational resources; It greatly reduces the cost of receiving education, is conducive to the popularization and sinking of knowledge, and improves the overall quality of the people. Therefore, in the future, as educators, we should pay more attention to the value of online education and focus on solving the problems found in the teaching process, so that online education can benefit a wider group.

References:

Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher education for the future, 8(1), 133-141.

Zhang Huirong, Zhu Yuqiong, Nianchuang, & Xiong Zhangxiao. (2020). Online teaching in primary and secondary schools under major epidemic: opportunities, challenges and countermeasures. Curriculum. Teaching methods, 40(5), 58-63.

Tang Xueping,&Li Chen. (2021). Analysis of public awareness of online teaching in primary and secondary schools during the COVID-19 epidemic. Distance education in China.

Zhang Binglin, Fu Rui,&Li Dingding. (2020). Rational Thinking on Webcast Teaching in Post-epidemic Period. Curriculum. Textbook. Teaching Method, 40(6), 73-80.

Original title: "Do you miss the online class for three years? 》

Read the original text

On November 19th, the General Command of Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19, Dalian released that from 00: 00 to 24: 00 on November 18th, seven new confirmed cases of local COVID-19 were found in Dalian, all of which were found through active investigation by close contacts and key people.

The main activity tracks of confirmed cases are announced as follows:

Confirmed case 281: an employee of a company in Ganjingzi District, living in Vanke City Community, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District. November 7th — On the 15th, the nucleic acid test was negative for four times; On November 18th, the nucleic acid test was positive in the active investigation of the key population, and then it was transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, it was confirmed as an ordinary case.

On November 12th, I went to Dashang Supermarket (Jinzhou Democratic Plaza Store) at noon and to Qingxiang Lamian Noodles (Jinwan Road Store) in the afternoon.

On November 13th, I went to Jiajiafu Supermarket (Wuyi Road Store) in the morning and to Pangjie Steamed Bun Shop (Stalin Road Store) in the afternoon.

On November 14th, I went to Pangjie Steamed Bun Shop (Stalin Road Branch) in the morning.

From November 12th to 14th, I delivered meals to the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhou District every day.

On November 15th, in the morning, I went to Pangjie Baozipu (Stalin Road Store), Xiangquan Street Mother’s Home, an advanced street in Jinpu New District, and Jiajiafu Supermarket (Wuyi Road Store).

On November 16th, in the morning, I went to Jinzhou First People’s Hospital, Parent-child Le Maternal and Infant Life House (Vanke City), Jiajiafu Supermarket (Wuyi Road Store) and Neptune Star Health Pharmacy (Bohai Street Store).

On November 17th, in the morning, I went to Pangjie Baozipu (Jinfang Store), Jiangji Smoked Sauce Dumpling House (Advanced Street) and Fujiale Fruit Supermarket (Vanke Store).

Confirmed case 282: unemployed, living in Wankecheng Community, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District, and the wife of confirmed case 281. November 7th — On the 15 th, the nucleic acid test was negative three times; On November 18th, the close contacts tested positive for nucleic acid during the active investigation, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, they were diagnosed as ordinary cases.

November 12-November 15, at the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhou District.

From November 16th to November 17th, I stayed at home.

Confirmed case 283: the son of confirmed case 282, who lives in Vanke City Community, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District. On November 18th, the close contacts tested positive for nucleic acid in the active investigation, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center, and the case was confirmed by the provincial expert group consultation (light).

From November 12 to November 17, the trajectory was the same as that of confirmed case 282.

Confirmed case 284: unemployed, living at No.10 Xiangquan Street, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District, and the mother of confirmed case 281. From November 7 to 17, the nucleic acid test was negative for four times; On November 18th, the close contacts tested positive for nucleic acid in the active investigation, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center, and the case was confirmed by the provincial expert group consultation (light).

From November 12th to November 13th, I stayed at home.

From November 14th to November 17th, I sampled nucleic acid in the community and went to my son’s house in Wankecheng Community, an advanced street in Jinpu New District.

Confirmed case 285: domestic worker, living at No.358 Nanmian Community, Zhanqian Street, Jinpu New District. From November 5 to 17, nucleic acid tests were negative for three times; On November 18th, the close contacts of 281 confirmed cases tested positive for nucleic acid, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, they were diagnosed as ordinary cases.

From November 12th to November 16th, the trajectory was the same as that of the confirmed case 282 (accompanying).

On November 17th, in the afternoon, I sampled the nucleic acid in Nanmian Community and bought it in Wan Jiale (Nanmian Road Store).

Confirmed case 286: employee of a company in Ganjingzi District, living in P1 District of Quanshui Street in Ganjingzi District. From November 8 to 17, the nucleic acid test was negative for 8 times; On November 14th, as a close contact, he was transferred to a centralized isolation place. On November 18th, the routine nucleic acid test result was positive, and then he was transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolation treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, he was diagnosed as an ordinary case.

From November 12th to 13th, I stayed at home.

Confirmed case 287: a child, living in the family building of the Finance Bureau of Chengguan Street, zhuanghe city. From November 4 to 14, nucleic acid tests were negative for 8 times; On November 14th, as a close contact, he was transferred to a centralized isolation place. On November 18th, the routine nucleic acid test results were positive, and then he was transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolation treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, the case was confirmed (light).

From November 12th to November 14th, I stayed at home.