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Author: Zhao Xiaotao 1 Cong Yulong 2

SETTING: 1. Clinical Laboratory of Peking University People’s Hospital, 2. Clinical Laboratory Center of PLA General Hospital.

Zhao Xiaotao

Deputy Director, Laboratory Department, Peking University People’s Hospital

Chief physician/professor, master tutor. Engaged in clinical molecular detection and related basic research. As the project leader, he was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, and published many core journals and articles in SCI as the first or correspondent author. Major social workers are members (and secretaries) of the Department of Medical Laboratory in peking university health science center; Standing Committee member (and Secretary-General) of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Branch of China Health Care International Exchange Promotion Association; Deputy head of the special working group on scientific research and postgraduate training of Beijing Inspection Society of Chinese Medical Association; Member of Molecular Diagnosis Group of Laboratory Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association; Director of Laboratory Specialist Branch of Beijing Medical Doctor Association; Member of the Special Committee of Laboratory Medicine of China Association of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Standing Committee of Laboratory Medicine Committee of Beijing Society of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine; Member of Laboratory Medicine Branch of China Medical Equipment Association; Member of China Medical and Health Care International Exchange Promotion Association, grassroots inspection technology standardization branch, etc.

Malignant tumor is an important disease endangering human life and health, and its incidence has long been at the forefront of disease spectrum and death spectrum, which is a disease of universal concern. The online cloud live broadcast mode was launched for the first time in the 26th National Cancer Prevention Publicity Week held from April 15th to 21st, 2020, and 21.456 million people watched the live broadcast nationwide. This shows that the national medical and health field and the whole society pay attention to the prevention and treatment of malignant tumors. At present, the burden of malignant tumor is still rising in China, which seriously affects people’s health and social life. In recent 10 years, the incidence of malignant tumors in China has increased by about 3.9% every year, and the mortality rate has increased by 2.5% every year. According to the data released by the National Cancer Center in 2019, there were about 3.929 million cases of malignant tumors and 2.338 million deaths in China in 2015. The top five cancers in China are lung cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer, liver cancer and breast cancer, among which lung cancer and breast cancer rank first among men and women in China respectively. At present, the five-year survival rate of cancer patients in China is about 40%, which is 10% higher than that of ten years ago, but there is still a certain gap compared with developed countries. The reason is that early diagnosis, early treatment and precise medical treatment are the key to prevent and cure tumors, and one of its important means is the extensive and effective application of molecular biological diagnosis technology in clinical laboratories.

1. The development of medical molecular biology promotes the wide application of molecular diagnosis technology in precision medicine.　

Medical molecular biology refers to the study of the structure and function of biological macromolecules at the molecular level, so as to clarify the nature of life phenomena. In recent years, with the emergence of new technologies in the field of medical molecular biology and the continuous improvement of bioinformatics data, the level of molecular diagnosis in clinical laboratories has been greatly promoted, and the progress of medical science has been promoted, so that the diagnosis and treatment of diseases in clinical medicine has risen to a brand-new realm, from morphological or cellular level to the explanation of the mechanism and accurate diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumor diseases from gene level and molecular level, so as to achieve early diagnosis and even susceptibility assessment of diseases, and to evaluate the stages, types, treatment effects and prognosis of diseases. Molecular biology has become an important development direction of modern medicine and precision medicine.

In the field of clinical medicine, the application scope of molecular biology technology and methods is expanding day by day, and its research content and technical means are deepening. At present, it has penetrated into all fields of medicine, including molecular detection of pathogenic microorganisms, genetic detection and diagnosis of congenital diseases and hereditary diseases, genetic detection and diagnosis of malignant tumors, as well as individual drug use gene detection that affects drug metabolism, drug resistance and toxic side effects, individual identification, gene detection related to transplant matching, non-invasive prenatal detection (NIPT) and embryo implantation. Among them, gene detection related to targeted therapy of malignant tumor, multi-locus tumor-related gene detection related to heredity, susceptibility, treatment and prognosis, and whole exon gene detection play an important role in accurate diagnosis, prevention and treatment of malignant tumor.

Second, tumor molecular diagnostic markers and new detection technologies provide an important basis for clinical risk assessment of malignant tumors.

In clinical research, it is the direction of clinical medicine, especially clinical tumor research and basic research, to continuously discover new diagnostic markers of malignant tumors and further explore and study the pathological mechanism of malignant tumors. From the discovery of Bence-Jones protein in the urine of patients with multiple myeloma by Henry Bence-Jones in 1846, which was used as the first tumor marker for the diagnosis of multiple myeloma, up to now, more than 100 tumor markers have been discovered, including protein tumor markers, sugar tumor markers and enzyme tumor markers. With the development of molecular biotechnology, there are more and more categories of tumor biomarkers, such as specific gene mutation, which can affect the effect of tumor-targeted drug therapy, genes related to cell growth and differentiation, oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes and their products that play a key role in the occurrence and development of tumors, and single nucleotide polymorphism, genome, transcriptome and proteome can all be used as tumor biomarkers. From tumor-related chromosomal abnormalities to tumor-related genetic abnormalities, from tumor-related single nucleotide polymorphisms to tumor-related epigenetic abnormalities, and the study of new molecular markers such as miRNA and LncRNA provide powerful tools for accurate diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors in clinic. By detecting these molecular markers, we can assess the risk of cancer and make early diagnosis, monitoring, early warning, intervention,Reduce the risk of cancer and improve the treatment effect, slow down the development of cancer and even prevent the intervention of cancer.

Due to the rapid development of molecular biology technology, the detection of molecular markers of malignant tumors is more and more accurate and efficient. From the discovery of nuclein by F.Miescher in 1868 to the discovery of double helix structure of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) by Watson and Crick in 1953, from the invention of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) by Mullis in 1985 to the wide application of NGS NGS((Next-generation sequencing, also known as second-generation sequencing) technology developed in recent years, from the technical means, At present, the Amplified Arrested Mutation System (AMRs) is applied in clinic, which can be used to detect low-frequency mutations and detect 1% mutations in tissues and cells. More sensitive digital PCR technology can detect 0.1% mutation. For the traditional Sanger sequencing, although it is less sensitive, it has advantages in detecting germline mutations, high-frequency mutations, unknown mutations, clear target genes and few genes. NGS technology has the advantage of Qualcomm, which can sequence hundreds of genes, whole exons and whole genomes at one time. With the maturity of technology, more standardized management, continuous improvement and updating of biological information database, and perfection of data interpretation, combined with technologies such as detecting tumor cells in peripheral blood and free nucleic acids in peripheral blood, through overcoming the heterogeneity of malignant tumors,It will greatly promote the development of this technology and have a broader clinical application prospect.

Third, with the diagnosis of cancer patients tailored to provide the best solution for accurate diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors.

At present, with the continuous development of molecular biology technology and the popularization of molecular diagnosis technology in clinical laboratories, the clinical oncology is increasingly widely used in individualized medicine, precision medicine and targeted therapy. Therefore, the concept of companion diagnostics (CDx) came into being. Adjoint diagnosis is an in vitro diagnostic technique related to special drugs, which can identify the best drug users by detecting the variation of proteins and genes in human body and the expression level of genes. The application of CDx in patients with malignant tumor can not only screen out effective treatment schemes for patients, save the time and cost of ineffective treatment, but also improve the compliance of patients taking drugs and reduce unnecessary toxic and side effects.

The development of accompanying diagnosis shows that the correlation between the expression of estrogen receptor and the efficacy of endocrine therapy in breast cancer patients has been studied since 1970s, from protein level to molecular gene level. Herceptin, the first adjoint diagnostic reagent approved by FDA in September, 1998, was used to detect people who used anticancer drug Herceptin, a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting the extracellular structural region of HER-2 receptor tyrosine kinase. As the driving gene of non-small cell lung cancer, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has a sensitive mutation rate of 30%~40% in Asian population. TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor) is used as a targeted therapy for such non-small cell lung cancer patients, and their survival time is significantly prolonged, and their tolerance and quality of life are higher than those of traditional chemotherapy. Up to now, FDA has approved NGS associated diagnosis and detection products with multiple genes and cancers, covering 324 genes, including microsatellite instability (MSI) and tumor mutation load (TMB). At present, most of the applications of adjoint diagnosis are used in tumors, mainly including clinical management of non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, breast cancer, colorectal cancer and ovarian cancer. Adjoint diagnosis plays an indispensable role in precision medicine, and its application scope is gradually expanding. It is predicted that it will be developed in the fields of pharmacogenomics, autoimmune diseases, cardiovascular diseases, central nervous system, infection and so on.

Four, clinical laboratory molecular diagnosis quality assurance and technical specifications and market supervision has a long way to go.

The market demand and development potential of cancer medical treatment promote the development and application of In Vitro Diagnosis (IVD) instruments and reagents, and new technologies emerge one after another. On the other hand, institutions for tumor genetic testing have also flourished. The results of tumor detection are related to the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of the disease, which can be said to be related to the existence of a life. However, due to the high sensitivity and diversity of molecular detection technology, as well as the complexity and uncertainty of specimens and experimental operations, the quality assurance of tumor-related molecular detection is particularly important. From the research and development of reagents and equipment, to the determination of expected clinical use, the establishment and optimization of methods, from the range control of indications to the selection of detection items, methods adopted, the performance confirmation of LDTs or the performance verification of kits, from the selection of specimen types to the collection and transportation of specimens, from the design and layout of space environment to the qualification of personnel, equipment, reagents and technical specifications, from bioinformatics analysis to the interpretation of genetic variation in tumor molecular detection reports, and so on. In order to standardize the medical behavior in the field of tumor genetic testing, the health administrative department has successively issued a number of rules and regulations, and clinical and laboratory experts have also actively formulated national or industry standards, written relevant guidelines, expert consensus, etc., coordinated supervision and liberalization, and jointly promoted the orderly and healthy development of the field of tumor molecular testing.Effectively serve the accurate diagnosis and treatment of clinical malignant tumors.　

With the completion of the human genome project and the post-genome era, as well as the completion of genome-wide association study () of all malignant tumors, more new molecular targets of malignant tumors will be continuously discovered and applied to clinical diagnosis and treatment. At the same time, with the continuous introduction of the application management policy of molecular diagnostic technology and the improvement of supervision, many genetic tests related to malignant tumors will gradually move from basic scientific research to clinical application. The joint application of various molecular biological detection technology platforms, the in-depth study of various new targets, and the intersection and penetration with other disciplines make molecular biological detection play an increasingly important role in the diagnosis, prevention, treatment, drug research and development of malignant tumors. Molecular detection technology in clinical laboratories will help promote the accurate detection, accurate diagnosis, accurate treatment, accurate prediction and accurate prevention of malignant tumors, so that it can serve human health more efficiently and push medical science forward continuously.

Note:This article comes from the topic "Tumor and Adjoint Diagnosis" in the 5th issue of Clinical Laboratory in 2020.

　
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Title map | veer.com 　
Original release date | May 8, 2020　 　

Clinical Laboratory is a journal of medical laboratory technology, with 12 issues a year, each with different topics, tracking industry hotspots, capturing industry direction and paying attention to development frontiers. The electronic version is updated in real time every month, and colleagues are welcome to follow up.

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　"The Song of the Movie" entered Tongxiang, Jiaxing, and Elva Hsiao featured "Strangers"
　"The Song of the Movie" entered Wen Lan, Tongxiang, Jiaxing, and the opening ceremony set off a boom.　
　"Movie Song" Walks into the Rain of Wang Feng, Tongxiang, Jiaxing and "Fly Higher"

　　Movie network news(Photo/Zhang Hangyuwen/Fifth Tiefeng) On the evening of October 23, the concert "Song of the Movie" was passionately staged in the autumn rain in Tongxiang, Zhejiang. Although the whole concert was held in the rain, the enthusiasm of the audience and the actors on the stage did not diminish at all. The wonderful performances of Chen Chusheng, Wu Kequn, Elva Hsiao and Alan Tam not only made the fans forget the cold rainy night, but also made the atmosphere of the whole concert warm and abnormal. In addition, Wen Lan, An Youqi, Wang Zhengliang, Tong Ange, Li Guyi and Priscilla Chan also won a lot of applause and screams from the audience.

Wu Kequn triggered the first wave of climax, and Chen Chusheng sang deeply and was very popular.

　　Wu Kequn’s first song was "your legend", and at this time, when the rain was the heaviest, Wu Kequn sang and danced in the heavy rain, which also triggered the first wave of climax of the audience, and the female fans at the scene screamed again and again. In the second song "Love is Power", Wu Kequn’s affectionate interpretation hit every audience present. Enthusiastic fans rushed to the stage to shake hands with Wu Kequn regardless of the heavy rain and the on-site security guards, and gave their light sticks to idols. "Today’s rain is really heavy, and I see that you are all wet, so the following song is related to wet (poetry)," Writing Poetry for You ",as one of Wu Kequn’s most famous masterpieces, fans sang this song with Wu Kequn while waving light sticks.

　　The appearance of another popular singer, Chen Chusheng, triggered the second climax of the audience. "Forgetting in Jianghu" is the theme song of the film being shown. In the drizzle, dancers draw their swords and dance, and an altar of good wine can’t be filled with heroic pride. Chen Chusheng’s affectionate singing shows how many Jianghu children forget in Jianghu. Hawthorn Flower sings another beautiful love story. The last song "Did Someone Tell You" is destined to be a chorus. For Chen Chusheng’s loyal fans, this song touched countless fans on the talent show stage in 2007, and every note represents the best memories of that summer.

Elva Hsiao Hot Dance Explodes Passion Alan Tam Encounters Male Fan Bear Hug

　　As the divas of the whole concert, Elva Hsiao and Alan Tam proved their strength and status with the highest popularity and screams. Elva Hsiao’s dynamic new song "Miss Handsome" with the dance in the rain immediately ignited the enthusiasm of the audience. Elva Hsiao fans sitting in the front row area flocked to the edge of the stage to interact with Elva Hsiao on the stage regardless of the pouring rain. Subsequently, Elva Hsiao’s classic old song "The Most Familiar Stranger" aroused another affectionate chorus in the audience, and both the loyal fans of Elva Hsiao and the general audience sang along with the beat of the music. After Qu Bi, Elva Hsiao said in an interview with the host Hantao Wang that although it was raining heavily, she was moved by the fans in the audience. "I still remember that the first ticketing concert since my debut was held in heavy rain, and a place in Central Taiwan Province was experiencing typhoon weather." Elva Hsiao took another fast song, and "Confession" sang what she wanted to say most to the audience and what she wanted to express her gratitude and gratitude.

　　The final climax of the audience came from Alan Tam, who was "25 years old forever". A song "Kara is OK forever" made the older audience stand up and sing in chorus. Alan Tam joked, "I thought everyone had left." The audience at the scene shouted: "Principal, we are here." As an evergreen tree in the music world, Alan Tam’s charm can be said to be unmatched, so that when the second song "Friends" was played, the audience stood up and sang in chorus, which became the climax of the whole concert. An emotional male fan even suddenly climbed onto the stage and gave Alan Tam a "bear hug" from behind, which made Alan Tam dumbfounded. When a song "Love in Late Autumn" was deeply sung by Alan Tam, the whole concert came to the warmest end, and the audience waved their light sticks and sang along gently as they left.

Wang Feng sang in front of the audience in Yao Di’s hometown in the rain.

　　"Life in Full Bloom" made Wang Feng burn the audience’s enthusiasm in the rainy night in the south of the Yangtze River. Then a new song "In Spring", Wang Feng’s dull voice sang the longing for life. "The next song is an old song. I have been singing it for many years, but this time I hope to hear it from your heart." Wang Feng ended his passionate performance with a highly sung "Fly Higher", and the audience completely threw the cold out of the clouds with their hard screams.

　　Wuzhen, a water town in the south of the Yangtze River, has attracted countless tourists, and at the same time, it has become the shooting scene of many film and television dramas. There are many scenes in the new version that has just attracted great attention nationwide. Yao Di, the young actor who plays Wang Xifeng in the play, happens to be a native of Tongxiang. This time, in order to meet the folks in his hometown, Yao Di even pushed off a lot of work at hand. "My work schedule was very full these days, but when the concert of" Song of the Movie "found my agent, I said that I must come back to Tongxiang to meet you anyway." A song "Dream of the Red Mansion" won warm applause from the audience.

The actor of "Song of the Movie" guest sang "Borrowed Starlight" on vcr.

　　Although the host of the whole concert was Hantao Wang, the famous host of Michelle’s partner movie channel, there was actually another group of "off-site hosts". They were the four leading actors of the multimedia musical Song of the Movie, Ning, Liu Lu, Liu Yang and Liu Jiuzhang. They shared the simple and elegant natural and cultural scenery of Wuzhen with the audience by recording VCRs, and also introduced the special product "Hangbaiju" of Tongxiang. The four leading actors performed wonderfully in the new musical Song of the Movie, and they just returned from a world tour in Taiwan Province. They sang a song of Song of the Movie, Borrowed Starlight, on the spot, so that the audience who didn’t see the musical Song of the Movie could appreciate the charm of the musical through this short performance.

Related information:Elva Hsiao’s hair was soaked and her head was wrapped in a towel. Wen Lan only wore a vest, and the heat was not reduced

Reading tips

From science to science fiction, and then from science fiction to science, this collision between literary and artistic works and science and technology has created countless surprises. The national team of scientists escorted the domestic sci-fi movies to the world and sounded their horns. In this process, they also spread the seeds of science to a larger audience. This is a great attempt for China’s film and television industry and popular science.

　

"Does cosmic flicker really exist?" "Is digital life feasible?" "If a day becomes 60 hours, how many hours do we have to work?" … …

The audience who are still immersed in the domestic sci-fi movies such as Wandering Earth 2 and TV series Three-body, after two brushes and three brushes, are continuously shocked by the grand and complete world view shown in the film and begin to stare at the starry sky overhead. They gave many questions about astronomy, physics, artificial intelligence, chemical materials and other disciplines to the scientific advisers of the two works.

With the same expectations as the audience, Workers Daily interviewed four scientists from China Academy of Sciences who tailored the world outlook for domestic science fiction: Gou Lijun, a researcher at the National Astronomical Observatory, Wei Hongxiang and Liang Wenjie, a researcher at the Institute of Physics, and Wang Yuanzhuo, a researcher at the Institute of Computing Technology.

From formula to screen

The reason why Wandering Earth 2 and Three-body are defined as milestones of domestic science fiction is that they have a huge and complete world outlook (the general views and opinions of the film on the whole world and the relationship between people and the world).

Whether it is the big ideas of "exploding the moon", "digital life", "space elevator" and "guzheng action", or the dense formulas that exist as background boards in Wei Cheng’s room on the wall of Tu Hengyu, they are supported by scientific consultants.

It is understood that "Wandering Earth 2" hired 19 experts from various fields to form a scientific advisory group, which made detailed settings for the world view of the film. The whole script is 70,000 words, but the world view behind it is over 200,000 words. During the seven-year preparation and shooting of the drama "Three-body", 60 or 70 scientific consultants have joined it.

As a fresh force of domestic science fiction, "scientific consultant" is the first time for the film and television industry and the first time for the group of scientists. They not only created a new world in their works, but also created a new pattern of domestic science fiction industry.

Wang Yuanzhuo contributed the plot line of "People in the Loop" to Wandering Earth 2. "We can’t demand that the scientific knowledge in science fiction movies is 100% accurate, which is a big premise." In his view, science and artistry need to find a balance point, so that the audience can be brought into the plot with "realism" and enjoy the beautiful impression brought by the wide opening of their brains.

"The setting of scientific knowledge that we know and have reached consensus, such as artificial intelligence, digital life and brain-computer interface, should be more professional. At the same time, it is reasonable to have a false desire for the future, at least at a set point in time. "

Under his design, the 550 series intelligent quantum computers in the film are very small and can even be taken to the moon with them, but they are extremely powerful and iterative. Its appearance and development also give the film a realistic basis for discussing digital life. This kind of imagination is not illusory, because from the current situation of the development of quantum computers and artificial intelligence, the audience can accept and understand without obstacles, and even think and explore further.

The most unforgettable thing for Liang Wenjie is the setting of the plot of bombing the moon. The original design of the script was to assemble all the nuclear bombs on the earth to blow up the moon, but the astrophysics group found that this was not feasible after calculation. But this plot must exist, so scientists began to collectively "burn their brains". After several rounds of discussions between the Astrophysics Group and the Theoretical Physics Group, the scheme of "phased array nuclear explosion on the moon" was formed, which perfectly balanced science, vision and plot.

The channel of branch and shadow fusion has been opened.

Liang Wenjie is the scientific consultant of Wandering Earth 2 and the drama version of Three-body. At the beginning, he had some doubts about being a scientific consultant. "If I just invited scientists to endorse it, I wouldn’t agree."

After these cooperations, he now has a sense of trust in the increasingly mature industrialization of domestic science fiction films. "The production team is very serious about the construction of the world outlook. Sometimes scientists think it is ok, but the production team is still constantly improving, and the final visual effect is also very shocking."

Wandering Earth 1, released in 2019, opened the door to domestic sci-fi movies, and also brought opportunities for integration between the film and television industry and the scientific community. In 2020, the National Film Bureau and the China Association for Science and Technology issued the "Several Opinions on Promoting the Development of Science Fiction Films" called "Ten Science Fiction Articles"; Subsequently, the National Film Administration and the China Association for Science and Technology took the lead in establishing a science advisory library for science fiction films, and hired a group of academicians of the two academies, authoritative experts and outstanding scientific and technological workers as experts in the scientific advisory library. At the end of 2020, the Chinese Popular Science Writers Association established a professional committee for the integration of science and film and television.

The four scientists interviewed by Workers Daily have interacted with sci-fi movies for a long time.

When Wandering Earth 1 was released, Wang Yuanzhuo drew a scientific explanation map by hand in order to popularize the knowledge points in the film for his daughter. In order to preserve it better, he posted it in his Weibo, but he didn’t expect to get 150 million readings.

Gou Lijun came into contact with the concept of "scientific consultant" earlier. In 2014, Interstellar was released. As a researcher, he was greatly shocked and excited by the sci-fi worldview with black holes, wormholes and gravitational waves as clues. Kip Thorne, a scientific consultant and physicist who learned about the film, also wrote a popular science book with the same name to introduce the scientific story behind the film. Gou Lijun wrote an email to the later Nobel Prize winner overnight, eager to translate the book. Finally, the professional fan’s wish came true. Gou Lijun, who is in his 40 s, talks about this experience and still has stars in his eyes.

"Before the release of Wandering Earth 1, I went to see the film. At that time, there was no post-production. Many scenes we saw were still green scenes, which could only be explained by director Frant Gwo ‘Brain tonic’ . Even so, everyone is very excited, because we finally saw the start of domestic science fiction. "Gou Lijun recalled.

In addition to the deep participation of scientists, the scientific community also supports domestic sci-fi films, and even approved the crew to enter the particle collision center and the National Nanoscience Center for live shooting for the first time.

Reaction of science fiction works

In bilibili, where young people gather, the "Second Institute of Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences" has a huge number of fans. Wei Hongxiang, as the main contributor, believes that it is because he has found a way to communicate with young people.

"More than half of the fans are high school students." Wei Hongxiang has been doing popular science for teenagers for more than ten years. Recently, he found that more and more teenagers expressed their ideal of becoming scientists.

In his view, science, popular science and science fiction have a mutually reinforcing relationship. Popular science is to let everyone understand scientific concepts and principles. Science fiction, on the other hand, makes more people think about bigger and more future problems. It strives for more people’s recognition and understanding for some major events related to the future of mankind, and unites more people to work together to solve and overcome them.

"Science fiction works can bring people a kind of inner strength. When you have no confidence in yourself or are confused about the future, he will guide you to think and act." Wei Hongxiang said.

"Our scientific planning in reality is usually three or five years, and we rarely look at today’s work from the perspective of the next few decades. When we look at the current research from the perspective of science fiction, there will be many new ideas. " Wang Yuanzhuo said.

Gou Lijun recalled that the most important thing for him to become a "stargazer" was to read the science fiction magazine UFO Exploration in his youth. Today, what scientists want to do is to make more people love and yearn for science with the help of science fiction fever.

"Science fiction movies are an important way for popular science and scientific research to face more people. At the same time, through the presentation of sci-fi literary works, the direction of research and exploration in the scientific field will be paid more attention to by more people, which is also very important for scientific research itself. " Liang Wenjie said.

　　China Net Finance March 4 (Reporter Hu Aishan) On the evening of February 29 on the eve of the two sessions, the central bank announced the RRR cut — — Since March 1, the RMB deposit reserve ratio of financial institutions has been lowered by 0.5 percentage point to maintain a reasonable and sufficient liquidity in the financial system, guide the steady and moderate growth of money and credit, and create a suitable monetary and financial environment for supply-side structural reform. This is the first RRR cut by the central bank this year.

　　2016 is the first year of the decisive stage of building a well-off society in an all-round way in China. The CPC Central Committee with the Supreme Leader as the general secretary holds high the banner of deepening reform, is brave in practice and is good at innovation, and points out the direction for the future economic development of China.

　　The financial industry plays an important role in economic development. The key areas of China’s economic construction, major projects and weak links such as small and micro, "agriculture, countryside and farmers" are all inseparable from the financial support.

　　On July 17, 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader held a symposium of leading comrades of some provincial party committees in Changchun, pointing out: "It is necessary to improve financial services and dredge the channels for finance to enter the real economy, especially small and medium-sized enterprises and small and micro enterprises."

　　The speech of the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out the problems existing in the process of China’s financial development — — It is in the past that small and medium-sized enterprises faced the problem of financing difficulty and expensive financing in the development process. This "short board" has seriously restricted the healthy development of China’s economy.

　　It has been seven years since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, and the recovery of the world economy is still slow and the growth is still fragile. The important reason for the international financial crisis was that financial development gradually separated from the real economy. On September 5, 2013, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the G20 Summit that "we should continue to strengthen the supervision of the international financial market so that the financial system can truly rely on, serve and promote the development of the real economy."

　　The above speech by the Supreme Leader General Secretary pointed out the development direction of the financial system. Whether it is the world financial system or China financial system, it should be attached to the real economy, serve the real economy and promote its development.

　　To this end, the Central Economic Work Conference held at the end of last year pointed out that in order to reduce the financial costs of enterprises, the financial sector should create a policy environment of interest rate normalization and make profits for the real economy.

　　In the past 2015, China’s banking system has achieved remarkable results in serving the real economy, keeping the bottom line of risks and deepening reform and opening up.

　　In 2015, China added 11.2 trillion yuan of credit funds, 8.5 trillion yuan of wealth management funds, 6.1 trillion yuan of bond investment and 2.3 trillion yuan of trust funds, and revitalized more than 1 trillion yuan of existing loans through asset securitization and disposal of non-performing loans. The newly added and revitalized existing funds are mainly used to support key areas, major projects, small and micro, "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" and other weak links.

　　Last year, the China Banking Regulatory Commission formulated the development plan for inclusive finance, improved the overall policy framework for inclusive finance’s development, strengthened supporting policies for financial services in weak areas, and achieved the goal of "three no less than" loans for small and micro enterprises. By reducing fees and profits to reduce the cost of social financing, the fees charged by 21 national banks have been greatly reduced.

　　At the end of last year, the State Council issued the Plan for Promoting the Development of inclusive finance (2016-2020), which established the implementation strategy of inclusive finance at the national level for the first time. The plan points out that vigorously developing inclusive finance is an inevitable requirement for China to build a well-off society in an all-round way, which is conducive to promoting the sustainable and balanced development of the financial industry, promoting mass entrepreneurship and innovation, and boosting the transformation and upgrading of the economic development mode.

　　To this end, the China Banking Regulatory Commission proposed to further promote the reform and opening up of the banking industry in 2016. The concrete manifestations are: realizing the normalization of the establishment of private banks and expanding the channels and ways for private capital to enter the banking industry. Support private capital to participate in the restructuring of city commercial banks and rural small and medium-sized financial institutions. Support qualified private capital to initiate the establishment of consumer finance companies, financial leasing companies, enterprise group finance companies, auto finance companies and participate in the establishment of village banks.

　　In order to make the real economy enjoy lower financing costs, the central bank has implemented some monetary policies. According to the working paper "Macroeconomic Forecast of China in 2016" recently released by the central bank, since November 22, 2014, the central bank has cut interest rates and lowered the benchmark interest rate for one-year time deposits from 3.0% to 1.5%, and the benchmark interest rate for medium and long-term loans from 1 to 3 years from 6.15% to 4.75%.

　　Due to the adjustment of these policies and some directional control measures (including refinancing, targeted cuts to required reserve ratios, etc.), the risk-free interest rate and the financing cost of enterprises have dropped significantly. In addition, private lending rates and P2P lending rates also showed a downward trend.

　　On October 29, 2015, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out at the second plenary session of the Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee that "enterprises should make profits. The reason why an enterprise is called an enterprise is that it must make profits. Enterprises have no profits and large-scale losses, and they can’t survive after two or three years. That is not only a problem of slower speed, but also the income of employees and government finances, and it will bring financial risks and even social risks. Our policy base should be placed on enterprises, especially real economy enterprises, attach great importance to the healthy development of the real economy and enhance the profitability of the real economy. "

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BMW i4 adopts a fashionable and futuristic design. In the front part, the unique kidney-shaped air intake grille has been redesigned to present a closed structure to adapt to the characteristics of electric vehicles. The grille and LED headlights are integrated to create a highly recognizable visual effect. On the whole, the design concept of BMW i4 is dynamic and elegant, and the body lines are smooth and powerful, showing a modern sports style.

The body size of BMW i4 is 4785*1852*1455mm, the wheelbase is 2856mm, and the front and rear tracks are 1601mm and 1630mm respectively. The side lines of the car body are smooth and dynamic, showing a strong sporty atmosphere. Equipped with 18-inch wheels, with 245/45 R18 front tires and 255/45 R18 rear tires, the handling performance and stability of the vehicle are further improved.

The interior design of BMW i4 not only embodies the sense of luxury but also does not lose the sense of technology. The center console is equipped with a 14.9-inch display screen, which integrates the functions of multimedia system, navigation, telephone and air conditioning, and supports voice recognition control. The steering wheel is made of leather, which can be manually adjusted up and down and front and rear positions to provide a comfortable driving experience. A number of USB and Type-C interfaces are provided in the car, which is convenient for passengers to charge electronic equipment, and it is also equipped with wireless charging function of the front mobile phone. The seats are made of various materials, including imitation leather, genuine leather and leather /Alcantara mix-and-match. The main and co-pilot seats have heating function, and support many adjustments, such as front and rear adjustment, backrest adjustment, height adjustment, leg rest adjustment and lumbar support adjustment, which improves the comfort of drivers and passengers. In addition, the driver’s seat is also equipped with electric seat memory function, which is convenient for the driver to quickly adjust to the appropriate sitting position. The rear seats can be laid down in proportion to increase the flexibility of luggage space.

The BMW i4 is equipped with a powerful motor with a maximum power of 210kW and a maximum torque of 400 Nm. This provides excellent power output and a smooth driving experience.

Car home car owners highly praised BMW i4, especially its sound insulation effect, abundant power and unique design. He mentioned: "I don’t think I will lose my sister Mercedes-Benz if the volcanic red interior is made." This evaluation not only reflects the excellent quality of BMW i4, but also shows its care in details.

Hebei News Network (Chen Xi) Auto Market News Express lets you know the latest trends in the automotive industry and brings you the most immediate new car information. The main information in this issue is: Geely brand will release new energy strategy this month, medium and large pure electric car new volume king, Feifan F7 stunning debut, Chery Tiggo 9 latest official picture exposure… Let’s pay attention together!

First, the latest news in the industry

Geely will release its new energy strategy on February 23

On February 4, 2023, Gan Jiayue, CEO of Geely Automobile Group, announced at the internal annual business work conference that the Geely brand will officially release the "Geely Brand New Energy Strategy" at the main venue of the Hangzhou Asian Games on February 23, and launch the Geely brand mid-to-high-end new energy series. The first smart electric product of this series will also usher in the world debut.

Last year, Geely Automobile New Energy ushered in explosive growth, with the penetration rate tripling year-on-year and exceeding 30% in a few months. This year is the year of acceleration of Geely’s transition to smart new energy. Geely brand mid-to-high-end new energy series will launch a number of new products including large-mileage PHEVs and smart pure electricity within three years.

Geely has always adhered to the true nature of "car builder" and insisted on "long-term doctrine" to win. In the intelligent new energy track, Geely is led by the new energy intelligent architecture and Raytheon intelligent electric hybrid technology, and continues to empower the "new infrastructure" of heaven and earth integration such as intelligent computing center and low-orbit satellites, and is committed to creating a new ecosystem of intelligent travel.

Second, the new car is on the market

The new volume king of medium and large pure electric cars, Feifan F7 stunning debut, 280,000 yuan starts pre-sale today

Recently, Feifan F7, the first medium and large pure electric flagship sedan of Feifan Automobile, made a stunning appearance at Shanghai’s trendy landmark TX Huaihai and officially opened the reservation. The pre-sale price is 28-350,000 yuan.

As a concept model of the Red Dot Design Award, Feifan F7 is stunning in shape and exceeds users’ expectations with intelligent technology. The new car is 5 meters long and has a wheelbase of 3 meters; it is equipped with a RISING MAX 3 + 1 technology entertainment cabin, equipped with the industry’s first two-way dual-zone independent cinema scene and scene-based 3D vector MegaBass; it follows the European luxury car tuning concept to create a unified dynamic experience for driving; it is equipped with high-standard lidar, ZF Premium 4D imaging radar, NVIDIA Orin chip and other top-level smart driving hardware and RISING PILOT fully integrated high-end smart driving system; as well as 666km CLTC super long battery life and "rechargeable, exchangeable and upgradable" power exchange architecture, becoming the "new luxury smart seat" in the era of smart trams.

The smooth body lines not only bring excellent visual enjoyment, but also lay the foundation for its drag coefficient as low as 0.206Cd, setting a record for the lowest drag of its own brand production cars certified by China Automotive Research Institute in one fell swoop. At the same time, Feifan also launched an exclusive "raw coconut latte" body color for F7, and has exclusive wheels of the same color for the body.

Adhering to the aesthetic design of luxury supercar potential energy, Feifan F7 fully considers practicality and experience. The 1.98m ² large Xingyao dome canopy, with the front and rear triangular window design, makes users feel like they are in a moving sun room. At the same time, the Xingyao dome canopy also adopts a double-layer sound insulation design, which is not afraid of high temperature and ultraviolet rays in summer, and prevents temperature loss in winter to ensure warmth in the car.

In addition to the pleasing appearance, excellent performance and driving control are also important criteria for testing the sense of luxury. Feifan F7 has a maximum power of 400kW, 700Nm peak torque, and only 3.7s for zero hundred acceleration, the best in its class.

The latest official picture of Chery Tiggo 9 is exposed, and the whole series is equipped with 2.0T power

It is reported that the Chery Tiggo 9 new car is positioned as a medium-sized SUV, which will be available in 5-seat and 7-seat versions, and will be fully equipped with a 2.0T engine.

From the latest official picture, Tiggo 9 adopts the latest design style of Tiggo family, which is similar to the Tiggo 7 PLUS currently on sale. The front face is equipped with a large-sized polygonal air intake grille, and the interior of the grille is filled with vertical chrome-plated trims, which brings a strong visual impact while also ensuring a sense of refinement.

The shape of the headlight groups on both sides is relatively narrow and long, composed of strip daytime running lights and matrix-style LED far and near lights, which looks quite high-grade.

The Tiggo 9 is equipped with a through waist line on the side, and the line under the door panel is connected to the wheel eyebrow line, showing a strong sense of power. The C-pillar has been significantly lengthened and blackened. With the 20-inch blackened wheels below, the car looks very powerful.

In terms of power, the Tiggo 9 series will be equipped with Chery Kunpeng Power 2.0TGDI engine, with a maximum power of 187 kW (254 horsepower). In addition to the 7-speed wet dual-clutch transmission, the official also revealed that the Aisin 8AT transmission will be available, and the later plug-in hybrid version will also be launched. In addition, some models are also equipped with a four-wheel drive system, electromagnetic suspension, and wire-controlled brakes.

In terms of body size, the declared length, width and height of the new car are 4820/1930/1699 (1710) mm, and the wheelbase is 2820mm. Five-seat and seven-seat layouts will be available.

III. Vehicle market benefits

"Lifetime quality assurance of all models and vehicles"! Jietu Automobile builds a full-dimensional upgrade of the service system

Driven by a comprehensive upgrade of the service system based on quality, Jietu Automobile officially announced the "lifetime quality assurance of all models and vehicles" policy, starting the first shot of Jietu Automobile’s upward journey in 2023. On the one hand, it highlights Jietu Automobile’s quality confidence, brand confidence, and practices the "user-centered" brand concept; at the same time, it also responds to Chery Group’s vision of breaking industry rules and creating higher quality standards and service levels.

It is understood that this policy will cover the four major brands of Chery Group, Xingtu, Chery, Jietu, and Chery New Energy. Chery Group has also become the first automobile group under the four major brands of China’s mainstream independent automobile brands to implement the policy of "lifetime quality assurance of all models and complete vehicles". It has set a new benchmark for services in the automobile industry and become a pioneer representative of national brands.

Commitment to the policy of "lifetime quality assurance of all models and vehicles" is not only the continuation of the quality gene of Jietu Automobile, but also allows users to buy cars for word-free, save money and worry with cars, and no worries; it is also to further upgrade the ante service experience and scene experience, and help Jietu Automobile win more opportunities for brand improvement in the "Travel +" 2.0 era and achieve longer-term development.

Fourth, the best-selling hot list

Extreme Krypton’s cumulative delivery broke through 80,000 units, and Extreme Krypton 009 started national delivery as scheduled

February 1, 2023, Hangzhou Today, Extreme Krypton Intelligent Technology announced the latest delivery: its luxury hunting coupe Extreme Krypton 001 and native pure electric luxury MPV Extreme Krypton 009 delivered a total of 3,116 units in January. As of now, the cumulative delivery of Extreme Krypton brands has broken through 80,000 units, setting a new record for the fastest delivery of new forces.

From January 11th, the JK Smart Factory stopped production for 21 days due to production line transformation and upgrade. On January 15th, the world’s first native pure electric luxury MPV JK 009 started national delivery. It took only 76 days from listing to delivery, setting another record for the delivery speed of Chinese luxury pure electric brands.

The 2023 Krypton 001 was also newly upgraded in January. With its product strength beyond the same level and the strong systematization strength of Krypton, it was highly recognized by users, and the average order amount exceeded 336,000 yuan. In 2022, Krypton delivered a total of 71,941 units, exceeding the annual delivery target of 70,000 units in advance. With the start of the new year, Krypton will launch two new products, continuously improve the product matrix, create a new market value benchmark, and stand firm in the first echelon of high-end pure electric brands in China. It also put forward the goal of 140,000 units delivered in 2023, and opened a global strategic layout.

Five, today’s model recommendations

Volkswagen, Passat

Price: 18.19-25

Passat is a mid-size B-class sedan designed by Volkswagen AG. Volkswagen Passat sedan has swept the global automobile market with its high standard of safety, classic design and top quality.

Appearance: Body size: car length 4948mm/car width 1836mm/car height 1469mm. In order to better satisfy the aesthetics of young consumers, the overall style of this generation of Passat is still relatively fashionable, especially the star version model, with the new dot matrix grille, it effectively enhances the sense of refinement. At this time, with the front face matrix LED headlight group, as well as the through LED light strip and the luminous brand logo, it can also bring high recognition at any time.

In terms of power and fuel consumption: equipped with a 1.4T 150 horsepower L4 turbocharged engine, the maximum speed is 210km/h, 0-100km/h takes about 9.1S, and the fuel consumption per hundred kilometers is 6.1L.

Advantages: cost-effective, large space, the same level of benchmark.

Innovation is the driving force of urban development. Kaiwu Innovation Building, located in the west of Hangzhou, is a Class A office building with innovative temperament. It was developed by Xihu Investment, a veteran state-owned enterprise in Xihu District, Hangzhou, and Hangzhou Vanke. It took four years to design and build, and finally completed this "new landmark" like mortise and tenon.

Let’s talk specifically, where is it "new"?

Real-life map of Kaiwu Innovation Building

Part01.

Like a building block, break the conventional shape.

This is a building that pays attention to the integration of meaning and form.

On the one hand, its appearance is highly recognizable, and it is not a common "glass box" style. From a distance, it looks like a patchwork of building blocks, and it looks like a mortise and tenon of a traditional building. Through the mutual engagement of parts, it forms a solid whole. The name "Kaiwu" comes from the first encyclopedia in ancient China, Tiangong Kaiwu, hoping to borrow old things to tell new things and "connect" cities, regions and people with one building.

Although it is not the "highest, largest and most expensive" emphasized by general landmarks, it is impressive with its unique and lively urban expression.

Tenon-mortise principle

Architectural concept map

The real-life map of Kaiwu Innovation Building looks like a traditional mortise and tenon in China.

On the other hand, behind the appearance is an insight into the "office trend" and a reflection on "efficiency and humanity". The scattered space forms can meet the needs of enterprises of different scales and stages, increase the line of sight between indoor space and outdoor environment, and create an open space with a sense of leisure. This can not only make employees full of energy at work, but also feel the fun of city life after work.

Ancient wisdom and modern life have completed a new exchange.

Strong visual tension is formed through the deconstruction and reorganization of the volume.

Night view of the building.

The details of the facade are real, and the light gray metal is quite textured.

Part02.

Like a plug-in, integrate into the operation of the city.

This is a building that "merges into the city".

If the city is regarded as an operating system, the information can be transmitted quickly through the connection of traffic. The building is adjacent to the exit of Xialongwei Station of Metro Line 2, about 500 meters away from Sanba Station. Shi Xiang Road connects Liushi Expressway to run through the east and west of Hangzhou, and Zijingang Road connects Zizhi Tunnel to the south to reach Binjiang and Zhijiang Zhuantang. In addition, the building overlooks the Zijin Campus of Zhejiang University, is opposite to the Cambridge Commune, and is about 800 meters away from the Grand Canal Park. Its walking environment is relatively mature.

Location analysis map, for reference only.

The building is open to the city, and entrances and exits are set in different directions. The vacant east square can accept the people flow from the nearby subway station and commercial center, and there is a basement entrance and bicycle parking space conspicuously. Although the south boundary is close to the main road of Shenhua Road, it broadens the site scale and strengthens the interaction between the building and the city through the "concave" urban stairs and platforms. In addition, for municipal reasons, a three-dimensional social parking lot has been built within the plot to make parking more convenient and free.

The streamline analysis diagram of Kaiwu Innovation Building is for reference only.

The floor plan of Kaiwu Innovation Building is for reference only. For municipal reasons, a three-dimensional parking lot has been built within the plot to make parking more convenient and free.

Part03.

Like a park, it provides moderate openness.

Another highlight is that it provides an open space for daily life in series.

At present, in addition to salary, employees pay more and more attention to the soft benefits provided by office space, so social attributes and flexibility are the key to future office work. The future office is no longer a fixed station, but a place that should stimulate team creativity and strengthen team cooperation, and it is also a community where employees socialize daily.

A real view of the atrium, looking from the north side to the south side.

Atrium plane area (looking down from the fifth floor office)

Different from the compact and serious planning of general office buildings with less green space, Kaiwu Innovation Building hollows out a large area of gray space, and comprehensively creates multiple office spaces such as shared large steps, terraces, balconies, accessible roofs and landscape office boxes. 1-4F of the building is an external vitality sharing floor, which extends from work to coffee, retail, social interaction, leisure and other formats, thus bringing "full-scene office" service to the settled enterprises and forming a harmonious atmosphere with the surrounding campus and residential areas.

The real-life map of open space provides more possibilities: office is no longer limited to indoor and office function itself.

AaaM, the construction team, has planted multi-level greening and leisure space in the previous loft49 office project. This time, the sharing step draws on The Commons, the commercial benchmark of Thai communities, to create a pleasant and amiable office community atmosphere.

Through the 1-4F layer-by-layer concession, the building creates an upward momentum, arouses people’s enthusiasm for actively approaching the building, and also forms an organic effect of gradual infiltration of urban landscape. The building uses steps and platforms to expand the area of outdoor space and carry rich daily functions such as transportation, sightseeing, rest and temporary office.

This design technique also enhances the externality of "non-first-floor business", and can also increase the appeal of its catering by swinging outward. Because the platform is large enough and covered by the roof, it will not affect the use even in midsummer or rainy season, and provide support for enterprises to hold various exhibitions and activities.

The gray space here is creating an atmosphere of "communion". Plants everywhere bring a natural atmosphere, and chairs with various postures provide a rich sense of body. White-collar workers can wander on the steps at noon or after work to relax their body and mind; Visitors can buy a cup of coffee, lean over the road and feel the sunshine kiss; Students and residents nearby can also participate in activities in the park freely, watch exhibitions, lectures and performances, and enjoy the benefits brought by urban development.

Sharing big steps and infiltrating greening

2F Real-life map of shared platform

4F Real-life map of shared platform

In low-rise buildings, the facade of shops, the floor of platforms, and even furniture sketches are mostly in light and dark pixel plaid language, but through the change of size and proportion, a sense of hierarchy is made in unity, creating a modern and fashionable urban temperament.

The inner wall of the atrium is made of orange grille material, which contrasts with the light-colored city facade and outlines the outline of the core. Here, enterprises can get complete supporting support, employees can relax after work, Zhejiang University students and surrounding residents can naturally step into the venue, and finally form a lively and warm community.

Inner wall of atrium with red-brown grille

Part04.

Like a college, promote the birth of creativity.

The design team told us that this place can be regarded as a "creative school".

The interior of the building is as vivid as the exterior. The design team hopes that this is a diverse and inclusive place, so the project has broken through the setting of "standard floor" and inspired creative inspiration from the diverse space. According to the plan, 1-3F here is for shops & small and medium-sized enterprises, 3-9F is for small and medium-sized enterprises, and 10-14F is for headquarters office. Each floor is not the same, so that each enterprise can have its own "exclusive personality space". How exactly is this achieved?

The building provides a 270-degree wide view through four landscape office boxes; In general office buildings, enterprises will be separated by "floors", but the high atrium strengthens the lighting and creates the possibility of eye contact; By providing planes with different areas, enterprises with different scales and development stages can be satisfied, forming a diversified enterprise composition; Some floors have also set up balcony space, that is, "Zhejiang University Observatory", which gives people positive psychological hints. Even the outdoor platform of 3F can be linked indoors, for example, providing the possibility of outdoor teaching for dance training institutions.

Left: bottom view of shared atrium; Right: landscape office box view.

Real-life map of Zhejiang University Observatory

Each floor plan is different. Examples of plans of 8F and 12F.

And architecture and space itself have also become the media of creativity. In addition to architects, designers of different categories, such as landscape, interior and vision, also use the same design language throughout, so that the "tenon and mortise elements" can be implemented on the scale of closeness and walking, and creativity can be perceived through daily behavior. The light gray large steps are embedded with wood materials with a more temperature sense, and the tenon-mortise style is continued. Even the square floor and indoor and outdoor signs are inspired by tenon-mortise elements.

Left: steps of mortise and tenon elements; Right: the floor of mortise and tenon elements.

Identification of mortise and tenon elements

Here, from the beginning, we must break through the convention and implant creativity into our daily experience.

Part05.

Like instruments, every place is ingenious.

After more than 1500 days and nights of polishing, Kaiwu Innovation Building looks like a precision instrument that can be turned on at any time. In order to put innovation into every detail, different types of work such as architecture, landscape, structure, equipment, construction and operation work together.

Night view map

For example, overcoming construction difficulties: the largest single glass weighs 1.5 tons and its size is 1.8m×9m, which is three times that of conventional glass; There are many twists and turns in the facade, and the grille is irregular. There are more than 140 installation process detail nodes in total. Reduce building energy consumption: The vertical sunshade member used in the east and west facades rotates at 45 degrees, and the interlayer aluminum plate with horizontal angle can control the sun angle. At the same time, the integrated window system is adopted to reduce the overall energy consumption. Innovative floodlight design: use the indoor self-contained lighting, through ultra-white glass (high transmittance, but low ultraviolet transmittance, common in high-end office and business), showing the effect of luminous box from the inside out.

Kaiwu Innovation Building raises the lobby by about 9.6 meters to match the gas field of the corporate headquarters; Equipped with 3+1 Hitachi brand elevators, vertical commuting efficiency; About 4 meters high office standard, the scale is open and free to stretch; VRF air conditioning+fresh air system is adopted to ensure the permanent health of the office environment; About 10CM grid floor is convenient for the secondary decoration of enterprises, and the pipe arrangement and wiring are more free.

The building also hired Wanwu Lianghang, which was jointly established by Vanke Property and dtz Qiangqiang, to provide 7×24H professional commercial property services for the settled enterprises.

Real-life map of lobby

It is not difficult to find that the "new landmark" interpreted by Kaiwu Innovation Building does not stop at one or two design highlights, but innovates from the aspects of urban trends, application scenarios and low-carbon technologies, and creates a comprehensive office project with a focus on the present and a more future-oriented perspective through comprehensive upgrading of concepts, planning, space and services. In the future, the building will give play to the power of new standards in the form of innovation, connect the innovative people, resources and formats of the city, and promote the development of the region and the city.

Article source: AssBook design canteen

　　Workers of an enterprise in Shahe City, Hebei Province check the operation of the production line in the workshop. Xinhua news agency

　　The staff interacted with an AI bionic robot cat at the Expo. Xinhua news agency

　　At the 2021 China International Big Data Industry Expo, the audience is experiencing the 5G smart education project. Xinhua news agency

　　Huadian Yangjiang Qingzhou III 500 MW offshore wind power project, the first offshore wind farm in offshore deep water area in China, recently completed the foundation hoisting and pile sinking construction of offshore booster station. Information picture

　　[Economic Interface] 　

　　After several autumn rains, Beijing is cooler. Recently, the autumn campus recruitment of many companies has started one after another. In the eyes of some job-seeking students, the title of the world’s top 500 is an important "plus item".

　　Not long ago, the Fortune Global 500 list was released in 2021, and 143 China companies including State Grid, PetroChina, Sinopec, China Construction, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, China Mobile, JD.COM, Alibaba, Tencent, Lenovo and Xiaomi were on the list. Why are these giants among the top 500 in the world? What is its "real skill"? What are the future prospects? The reporter conducted an interview on this.

　　1. Show "bright eyes" and walk to the forefront of the world in some fields.

　　[data]

　　This year’s Top 500 list shows that there are 18 China companies newly listed or re-listed, including China Shipbuilding, New Hope, Weichai Power and China Resources Land. China’s companies, which are among the top 500 companies in the world in 2021, have not only expanded their advantages in quantity, but also improved their business conditions in horizontal comparison.

　　There are seven Internet companies on the list this year, including four from China, namely JD.COM, Alibaba, Tencent and Xiaomi, and their rankings have all improved compared with last year.

　　Why is there the largest number of Internet giants in China on the list? Li Yongjian, a researcher in national academy of economic strategy, said in an interview with this reporter that China’s netizen base is large, and by December 2020, the number of netizens in China was 989 million, which makes China’s Internet enterprises have natural advantages in scale expansion and their operating income will naturally be high. The implementation of the policy of speeding up and reducing fees in China has released the potential consumption power of netizens; At the same time, China has a super-large domestic market. These "dividends" have laid a good foundation for Internet companies to be among the top 500 companies in the world.

　　Li Yongjian believes that China’s Internet companies have formed a relatively perfect industrial ecology. For example, in addition to making mobile phones, Xiaomi also makes smart homes; JD.COM involves not only e-commerce, but also health and logistics. The same is true for companies such as Alibaba and Tencent. A sound industrial ecology can keep it growing rapidly.

　　Of course, judging from this year’s list, it is not just Internet companies that are "bright".

　　"Some listed companies such as State Grid have shown strong strength in terms of patent holdings." Li Yongjian said that China has many advanced technologies and applications in the fields of UHV transmission and high-speed rail, and its innovation capability has been continuously improved. Many enterprises have accumulated a lot of money and have reached the forefront of the world in some fields.

　　Qin Hailin, a researcher at China Electronics and Information Industry Development Research Institute, told the reporter that since China surpassed the United States for the first time in 2019 and became the country with the largest number of listed companies, the number of enterprises shortlisted in the world’s top 500 has been increasing, the business level of enterprises has been continuously improved, and the leading edge has been further expanded. In 2021, the average sales revenue, profit, sales return rate and return on net assets of listed enterprises in China are higher than the average level of the world’s top 500 enterprises.

　　"This has a considerable relationship with China taking the lead in controlling the epidemic and taking the lead in resuming work." Qin Hailin said that during the epidemic last year, the global economic situation was not optimistic, and China was the only major economy in the world that achieved positive economic growth. Although China’s industrial chain supply chain has been impacted to some extent, a relatively complete industrial system and a huge potential domestic demand market have promoted the sustained recovery of the macro-economy and the stable development of market players.

　　Sheng Chaoxun, director and researcher of the Strategic Policy Office of China Macroeconomic Research Institute, said that since the beginning of this year, China’s economic operation has been stable and consolidated, stable and good, in line with expectations. The high-tech manufacturing industry and equipment manufacturing industry grew rapidly, the manufacturing structure was further optimized, investment was accelerated, online retail and holiday travel consumption increased rapidly, and employment and prices remained stable, creating good economic operating conditions for enterprises to resume development.

　　"China vigorously develops the real economy, pays attention to helping small and medium-sized enterprises, stimulates the vitality of all kinds of enterprises, and enhances the endogenous motivation of economic growth." Sheng Chaoxun said that China adheres to the "two unwavering" principle, protects the legitimate rights and interests of private enterprises, reduces the production and operation costs of private enterprises, solves the financing problems of private enterprises, enhances the confidence of private entrepreneurs, expands the development space of private enterprises, and the development environment of enterprises continues to improve. The positive signal of this year’s list is not only a vivid portrayal of China’s stable economy, but also the best footnote for the high-quality development of Chinese enterprises.

　　2. There are still shortcomings, and you can’t "tail up" because of large production capacity.

　　[data]

　　According to statistics, in the field of information and communication technology industry, 19 related companies in the United States entered this year’s list, while only 9 companies in China. At the same time, some people think that although some China companies are on the list, their competitiveness is not strong, and they lack innovative products, core components and software.

　　"Although there are a large number of China’s top 500 enterprises, there are not many enterprises whose innovation ability can really reach the world’s leading position. We still have a big gap in some core technologies, key raw materials and equipment. " Li Yongjian said that even in some advantageous areas, China’s related enterprises have great production capacity, but some key parts still depend on imports.

　　Li Yong insisted that some enterprises can enter the list because they have reached the relevant threshold by relying on market advantages or capital advantages to some extent, and they need to be further strengthened in key core technological innovations. "Don’t think that an enterprise’s high market share is very powerful, and it can’t be ‘ Cock one’s tail ’ It should be noted that we still have many shortcomings in terms of innovation ability and profitability. " He said.

　　"The main evaluation criterion of Fortune Global 500 is scale, but large scale does not mean strong competitiveness." Sheng Chaoxun told reporters that many enterprises in China will start the diversification process after they reach a certain stage of development. Some are based on the vertical extension of the industrial chain, and some are engaged in cross-border operations, entering new fields and investing in industries unrelated to their main business, such as real estate and hotels. This will help to promote the large-scale development of enterprises and reduce the market risk in a single field, but it will also cause problems such as insufficient innovation and "not specialized, not refined and not detailed" in industrial development, which is far behind the international leading enterprises.

　　Many enterprises have realized this problem. In the interview and investigation, the reporter found that some enterprises are accelerating the transformation to innovative enterprises, but they still face many pain points and difficulties.

　　"It is difficult to break through key core technologies." Sheng Chaoxun said that at present, China is in the stage of transforming from technology introduction, digestion, absorption and innovation to independent innovation mode. The key core technologies that could have been acquired through technical cooperation or purchase have been "cut off", and the learning cost and trial-and-error cost of independent innovation have increased significantly, which has led to an increase in the difficulty of technological innovation. At the same time, there is a serious shortage of talents in artificial intelligence, chip design and manufacturing, biomedical research and development, big data and other fields in China. There are too many new and high-tech projects, and the competition among enterprises is more intense. The domestic "first set" is facing various market thresholds set by the buyer, and the application of innovative products is stuck in the market.

　　In addition, Qin Hailin analyzed that from the list, China’s construction, petrochemical and non-ferrous metal industrial structures are still biased. Compared with world-class enterprises, some enterprises in China still have some problems, such as low added value of products and services, incomplete fulfillment of social responsibilities, poor international vision, weak ability to participate in international rule-making, lack of international market development and global resource allocation, and weak ability to prevent international market risks.

　　3. Forming ecology, innovation is not "going it alone"

　　[case]

　　Mr. Zhou, who works in an Internet company in Beijing, is considering "job hopping" recently. He intends to submit his resume to JD.COM and Alibaba. "These two companies have the aura of the world’s top 500 companies. I hope to enter one of them and feel the working atmosphere and state there personally, which will be of great help to my future development and growth. Of course, I also look forward to raising my salary and making more money. " Mr. Zhou said.

　　"We have entered the era of digital economy, and the development of Internet companies is expected in the future. At least three or five Internet companies will be able to enter the world’s top 500 list." Li Yongjian said that in the future, the Internet traffic dividend will basically be gone, and Internet companies should pay more attention to innovation, strengthen theoretical research and key core technology research, and serve the real economy.

　　He said that innovation is not "fighting alone", but to form an ecology. It is necessary to encourage Internet companies to deeply integrate with the real economy, and use their data capabilities and supply chain management capabilities to enhance the competitiveness and efficiency of the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises. At the same time, it is necessary to establish a reasonable supervision system to guide Internet companies to operate legally and in compliance.

　　In fact, whether it is the Internet or other industries, in order to maintain a good development trend, it is necessary to practice hard, and at the same time, it is also inseparable from a stable development environment and policy support.

　　"In the process of building a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other, Chinese enterprises should make full use of the international and domestic markets and resources to promote the innovation of production organization, technology and market." Qin Hailin said that it is necessary to forge long boards and stabilize advantageous industries; Make up the shortcomings, speed up the solution of the "stuck neck" problem, actively participate in the formulation of international rules, seize the opportunity of global industrial chain relocation, broaden international horizons, and achieve high-quality development in a higher level of opening up.

　　Qin Hailin said that it is necessary to encourage enterprises to explore and innovate, and encourage enterprises to develop new technology applications, new product development and new market development by adopting various methods such as planning guidance, financial support and pilot demonstration; Provide support and services for enterprise innovation by accelerating the construction of public platforms, Industry-University-Research docking, and research and development of common key technologies; It is necessary to strengthen the protection of intellectual property rights and ensure the innovative behavior and achievements of enterprises.

　　"It is necessary to speed up the cultivation of a large number of ‘ Specialization and novelty ’ Enterprises, build a group of ‘ that focus on market segments, have excellent technology or services and have a high market share; Single champion ’ Form a social atmosphere that encourages the professional development of enterprises. " Sheng Chaoxun said that small and medium-sized enterprises should be encouraged to establish stable cooperative relations with large enterprises and leading enterprises by means of specialized division of labor, service outsourcing and order production.

　　Sheng Chaoxun suggested that to enhance innovation ability, it is necessary to establish and improve the incentive mechanism for innovation investment, increase investment in the field of scientific and technological innovation, optimize scientific research management services, and support researchers to concentrate on overcoming technical difficulties. It is necessary to expand the scale of enrollment in emerging fields that are in short supply, increase training efforts, strengthen joint training between schools and enterprises, and improve policy guarantees such as talent settlement, residence visas, and tax incentives. It is necessary to improve the life cycle support mechanism for the market application of the "first set" equipment, encourage the upstream and downstream enterprises in the industrial chain to jointly provide application scenarios for the "first set" and build a large-scale market application ecosystem for the "first set" and the first batch of sub-products.

　　(Reporter Liu Kun)

　　interlinkage 　

　　# Light Survey #

　　[# What are the Fortune 500 companies in your mind #]

　　Not long ago, the Fortune Global 500 list was released in 2021, with 143 China companies on the list. In your opinion, what kind of "standard" should the top 500 enterprises in the world have?

　　Some netizens commented:

　　@ ectodermal leaf:Top 500 enterprises should have many excellent talents, from whom they can learn a lot. The corporate atmosphere is very active and can provide a good platform and room for growth.

　　@ Titian Chestnut:Enterprises should not only carry out business model innovation, but also carry out technological innovation, and grow up with employees to become better and stronger!

　　@x Shao Shao jun x:I think the top 500 companies should still have core technologies and then take on some social responsibilities. It would be better if the employees’ welfare is good.

　　@ Warm Nuts:Top 500 enterprises must embrace the ambition of technology first and industry first, constantly create new enterprise and social values, and continue to benefit the society and the country.

　　(Liu Kun finishing)

Our reporter Chen Jingbin reports from Guangzhou.

Recently, Xpeng Motors released its financial report for the fourth quarter and the whole year of 2023, showing that the company’s revenue in the fourth quarter reached 13.05 billion yuan, up 154% year-on-year, and its net loss was 1.348 billion yuan, down 42.9% year-on-year, and its gross profit margin increased to 4.1%.

However, for the whole year, although Xpeng Motors’s revenue increased by 14.2% to 30.68 billion yuan,The net loss expanded to 10.38 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6% compared with 2022.The gross profit margin for the whole year was -1.6%.

The reporter of China Business News learned from an interview in Xpeng Motors that Xpeng Motors’s gross profit improved to 6.2% in the fourth quarter through platform-based R&D and technology cost reduction, and its net loss narrowed year-on-year. The company plans to further increase the gross profit margin through scale effect and supply chain optimization in the future.

He Xiaopeng, director and CEO of Xpeng Motors, said that the delivery volume of Xpeng Motors increased quarter by quarter in 2023, surpassing 60,000 vehicles in the fourth quarter, and plans to launch more than 10 new models in the next three years, aiming at popularizing advanced autonomous driving technology and expanding the global market.

Nevertheless, Xpeng Motors’s sales in 2023 failed to reach the target of 200,000 vehicles, and only 70% of them were completed. In addition, the sales volume of Tucki P7, the main model, dropped significantly in January and February 2024, and the sales volume of Tucki G6, the new model, also dropped. Tucki X9, which has the highest sales volume, sold 1,448 vehicles in the same period, while the sales of P5, G3 and G9 were not satisfactory.

The net loss expanded to 10.38 billion yuan.

In 2023, Xpeng Motors’s financial situation experienced ups and downs, especially in the fourth quarter, there were some signs of improvement, but the overall situation was still under pressure.

This year, Xpeng Motors’s automobile gross profit margin experienced a process from negative to positive, reaching 4.1% in the fourth quarter, which was significantly improved compared with -6.1% in the third quarter. howeverFor the whole year, the gross profit rate of automobiles in Xpeng Motors is -1.6%, which shows an obvious downward trend compared with 9.4% in 2022..

Xpeng Motors also made decisive "changes" in this year to boost sales and improve its financial situation.

In order to impact the year-end sales, Xpeng Motors implemented discounts and preferential policies for its models. These measures, together with the adjustment of sales structure, such as the increase in the sales share of Tucki G9 with higher unit price and the reduction of bicycle cost, have jointly promoted the improvement of gross profit margin. Tucki G9, in particular, increased its sales share in the fourth quarter from 7% in the third quarter to 26%, which had a positive impact on the overall sales structure.

In terms of cost control, Xpeng Motors has also achieved certain results. In the fourth quarter of 2023, the cost of bicycles decreased by 11,000 yuan, reaching 191,000 yuan. This reduction is due to the implementation of technical cost reduction and the continuous downward trend of lithium carbonate price, which effectively controls the natural cost of vehicles.

Xpeng Motors’s organizational structure adjustment and business strategy optimization are also important factors to improve its financial situation. Since October 2022, Xpeng Motors has made a series of adjustments, including streamlining SKUs, optimizing sales theaters, merging inefficient stores and purchasing strategies. Especially after Wang Fengying joined the company as the president, these measures were further strengthened.

In terms of human resources, Xpeng Motors has also been optimized.In 2023, the total number of employees decreased from 15,829 to 13,550, and the number of R&D personnel also decreased from 6,313 to 5,401.At the same time, the growth of R&D expenditure has also been controlled, with an increase of only 1.2%.

Although Xpeng Motors has taken many measures to improve its financial situation, it still faces certain challenges.

In the fourth quarter of 2023, the company’s net loss was 1.35 billion yuan. Although it decreased compared with 2.36 billion yuan in the same period of last year and 3.89 billion yuan in the previous quarter, it still showed a loss as a whole. The annual net loss was 10.38 billion yuan, an increase from 9.14 billion yuan in 2022.

In terms of sales volume, Xpeng Motors also failed to achieve the set target.In 2023, the company originally planned to deliver 200,000 cars, but only 70% of them were actually completed.In terms of vehicle models, the sales of Tucki P7 and G6 dropped significantly in early 2024, while the sales of the new model Tucki X9 were relatively good, but overall, Xpeng Motors’s performance in the market still needs to be further improved.

In addition, at the beginning of January this year, the retail sales of Tucki P7 in February were only 836 vehicles, and in January, there was a decline in the waist-cutting level; Tucki G6 also experienced a considerable month-on-month decline from the first month, with sales of only 1,161 vehicles in February. The highest sales volume is the new model Tucki X9, with a sales volume of 1,448 vehicles in the same period. The remaining Tucki P5 is 213 vehicles and G3 is as low as 26 vehicles. The sales volume of G9 is acceptable, but it is only 861 vehicles.

Zhan Junhao, the founder of Fujian Huace Brand Positioning Consulting, analyzed the multiple reasons why Xpeng Motors’s sales failed to meet expectations in an interview. He pointed out that,In addition to the pressure brought to Xpeng Motors by the market performance of competitors such as Huawei, BYD and Tesla,Xpeng Motors also has problems in product positioning, marketing, cost control and supply chain management..

Zhan Junhao mentioned that Xpeng Motors may not be able to accurately grasp the consumer demand in product positioning, and the strength and effect of marketing are insufficient, resulting in limited brand influence. At the same time, high R&D and production costs affect the competitiveness of product prices. Problems in supply chain management, such as unstable supply of raw materials and low production efficiency, have also had a negative impact on sales.

Regarding the expansion of Xpeng Motors’s net loss in 2023, Zhan Junhao thinks that this will have a negative impact on the company’s development. The increase of capital pressure may affect R&D, marketing and capacity expansion, while the decrease of investor confidence may affect the stock price and financing ability, while sustained losses may lead to the decline of market competitiveness and make it difficult to compete with competitors.

How to break the game under the double pressure of performance and sales?

Faced with the double pressure of performance and sales in 2023, Xpeng Motors has clearly recognized the seriousness of the problem and started to take a series of measures to meet the challenges.

Xpeng Motors made it clear that in the context of increasingly fierce competition in China’s automobile industry, it is the key to realize profitability and sustainable development to scale up and reduce operating costs through smart driving technology.

Gu Hongdi, honorary vice chairman and co-president of Xpeng Motors, told reporters that the company’s technical cost reduction and business improvement plan have achieved initial results, and the gross profit margin of automobiles increased by about 10 percentage points in the fourth quarter. Besides,Xpeng Motors’s cash in hand at the end of 2023 exceeded 45 billion yuan, which provided a solid financial guarantee for the company to achieve high-quality and high-speed growth in the fierce market competition..

In order to further reduce costs and improve efficiency, Xpeng Motors introduced SEPA 2.0 in 2023. This new architecture integrates the intelligent system, powertrain and vehicle platform into a unified intelligent platform, which realizes the maximum common sharing among vehicles. This platform-based R&D strategy not only helps to reduce supply chain and manufacturing costs, but also accelerates the company’s goal of reducing BOM cost by 25% by the end of 2024, and significantly improves the efficiency of R&D iteration.

In terms of sales network, Xpeng Motors has carried out a new round of channel upgrade through "Jupiter Plan". In 2023, the company introduced more than 160 excellent dealer partners, covering 40 low-tier cities. These adjustments not only improve the ability of sales channels, but also are expected to bring significant contributions to sales from the second quarter of 2024.

He Xiaopeng said at the performance conference that Xpeng Motors will start an innovative dealer cooperation model from the second quarter of 2024. This model will accelerate the delivery speed of terminals by establishing channel inventory for about half a month, and fully activate the enthusiasm of dealers, thus effectively increasing sales. At the same time, the company will strictly control the inventory level through the system and monitoring mechanism, and implement a unified national price strategy to avoid the disadvantages of the traditional dealer sales model.

Besides,Xpeng Motors also plans to accelerate the sinking of channels, and it is estimated that the total number of sales stores will increase to 600 in the third quarter of 2024.. This expansion and transformation will be a key part of Xpeng Motors’s sales growth strategy.

In terms of product iteration, Xpeng Motors’s new products also show strong market competitiveness. Taking Tucki X9 as an example, this newly-launched pure electric MPV model delivered nearly 4,000 vehicles in just two months, and continued to lead the market of pure electric MPV and pure electric three-seat models. The company expects that X9′ s sales in March and April will increase significantly from the previous month.

Nevertheless, in the face of intensified competition in the automobile market, Xpeng Motors is still under a lot of pressure. Can He Xiaopeng save the situation and give the capital market a satisfactory answer? As the first batch of "survivors" who built cars, the survival and development of Xpeng Motors is of typical significance.

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Click "Watching" before you go.

The International Department of Zhanhua Experimental School, the Nanshan Campus of the former Shenzhen Normal University International High School, is currently enrolling students, and the second entrance examination will be held on June 10th.

Xiaobian will be based onThe latest enrollment brochure for 2023Introduce the international department of Zhanhua Experimental School in detail, and interested parents and friends can continue to look down ~

What kind of school is Zhanhua Experimental International Department?

It is understood that Zhanhua Experimental School was established in 2003. It is a private school founded by Zhanhua Education Group with a history of 20 years.

Zhanhua Experimental International Department is a full-time education and teaching platform approved by Shenzhen Education Bureau and authorized by CAIE of Cambridge University, Edexcel and AQA Examination Bureau of Oxford to engage in the teaching, examination and management of international courses. The school was once rated as a first-class school in Guangdong Province and a national moral education demonstration school.

geographical position

Curriculum

Zhanhua Experimental International Department continues to extend the curriculum system of the international high school of Shenzhen Normal University, namelyIGCSE courseandA-Level course, coveringEnglish, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Economics, Biology, Geography.And other subjects.

Teacher status

According to the official introduction, Zhanhua School hired Shenzhen University.Xu huohuiProfessor (the first founder of Shenzhen International Relations University and the founding elder of Shenzhen Normal University International High School) led the International High School Team (AISSU) of Shenzhen Normal University as the management team of Zhanhua International Department, providing enrollment, education, teaching and promotion to study abroad. The international department of Zhanhua Experiment and the international high school of Shenzhen Normal University have unified curriculum, shared teachers and consistent management.

Among them,A-Level foreign teachers with high academic qualificationsProportionMore than 30%,Master students of Chinese educationProportion90%Above,doctorProportionMore than 10%, in whichMore than 60% are returned teachers..

NO.1

Enrollment target

According to Xiao Bian, Zhanhua Experimental International Department has recruited 150 G1 freshmen, who will attend classes in the campus of Zhanhua Experimental School in Longhua Central District in the later period.Some facilities are shared with the private department, but the international department has three separate U-shaped buildings., independent regional schools, providing more international campus facilities and environment.

NO.2

Entrance examination and subjects

Regarding the content of the exam, we can refer to the previous international senior high school exams of Shenzhen Normal University. The written subjects are mathematics and English, and the interview exam after the written exam.

English test

Test questions and scores:Listening includes fill-in-the-blank questions and short-answer questions, totaling 20 questions and 20 points; Grammar includes 5 fill-in-the-blank questions and 5 multiple-choice questions, with a total score of 10 points; Reading includes 1 question and answer fill-in-the-blank question, 3 multiple-choice questions and 1 true-false question, with a total of 35 questions and 50 points; Writing is a letter topic, with a total of 30 points.

[Listening]

Check whether the students can understand the constant-speed English conversation, accurately understand the speaker’s intention and extract effective information/opinions. There are multiple choice questions, short answer questions and fill-in-the-blank questions.

Listening materials mainly cover shopping, academic discussions, libraries, classroom lectures, family life, science and technology reports and other daily life content.

Grammar

Investigate students’ mastery of basic grammar in junior high school (such as tense, subject-predicate agreement, word collocation, sentence structure, etc.), including fill-in-the-blank questions and multiple-choice questions.

[reading]

Examine students’ ability to read quickly and grasp key information. Multiple choice questions+short answer questions are basically information text reading, involving advertisements, newspaper abstracts, popular science articles, news reports and so on.

[writing]

Examine students’ English thinking ability, logical ability and language accuracy, focusing on argumentative writing and letter writing, not less than 150 words.

The underlying logic of the G1 English test is similar to IELTS, and it is completely different from the MAP test method used in the entrance examination of Bethesda and Meisha College (MAP is an examination for native English speakers).

As far as the difficulty and depth of the topic are concerned, it is not as good as IELTS, but it is more difficult than English in the senior high school entrance examination.

The whole English test takes 120 minutes, as long as the whole set of papers can be completed within the specified time, and there is no block time requirement.

Math exam

Test questions and scores:6 multiple-choice questions, 5 points for each question; Fill in the blanks with 6 questions, each with 5 points; Answer 3 big questions, each with 10 points; 1 English question, 10 points.

Investigation contents:

1. Number and formula: rational number, real number, algebraic formula, algebraic expression and fraction;

2. Equations and inequalities: one-dimensional linear equations and one-dimensional linear equations, one-dimensional linear inequalities and one-dimensional linear inequalities;

3. Functions: linear function, inverse proportional function, quadratic function and its properties, trigonometric function;

4. The nature of the image: intersecting lines and parallel lines, triangles, quadrangles, circles, ruler drawing, perspective and projection;

5. Changes of graphics: symmetry of graphics, translation of graphics, rotation of graphics and similarity of graphics;

6. Proof of graphics: the nature theorem and judgment theorem of parallel lines, the sum theorem and inference of triangles and internal angles, and the completeness of right triangles;

The judgment theorem of equality, the property theorem and inverse theorem of angular bisector, the property theorem and inverse theorem of perpendicular bisector;

7. Statistics and probability: range and variance, frequency distribution histogram and frequency line graph, simple calculation of probability, and frequency estimation probability by repeated experiments.

interview

The interview questions will be based on the specific situation of the students. In principle, it will include self-introduction, academic hobbies and questions about future academic planning. Therefore, we should improve our proficiency in English language, exercise our thinking ability, and pay attention to the logic and rigor of expression.

NO.3

Instructions for registration

(1) Application materials:

Electronic ID card (or passport-electronic ID photo (3.5×3.5cm, within 6 months)

Registration fee: 500 yuan (once paid, it will not be refunded)

(2) Registration method:

1) official website registration:

Log in to https://alevel-sz.szu.edu.cn, official website, click "Online Registration" on the right side of the home page, register according to the prompts and pay the registration fee);

(3) Deadline for registration:

Enroll students according to the regulations until the quota is full.