District Housing and Urban-Rural (City) Construction Committee, Housing Authority, District Market Supervision Bureau, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone Commercial Finance Bureau, Yanshan Market Supervision Branch, and all relevant units:

　　In order to build a property management system under the framework of community governance led by party building, standardize the legitimate rights and interests of relevant subjects of property management, and ensure the legal, safe and rational use of property, according to the provisions of People’s Republic of China (PRC) Civil Code, Regulations on Property Management, Regulations on Beijing Property Management and other relevant laws and regulations, The Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee and the Municipal Market Supervision Bureau jointly revised the Beijing Early Property Service Contract (BF—2010—2712) and the Beijing Property Service Contract (BF—2010—2713), and formed the Beijing Early Property Service Contract (BF—2021—2712) and the Beijing Property Service Contract. The relevant issues in the implementation of the model text are hereby notified as follows:

　　One,The model text mainly clarifies the rights and obligations between the development and construction unit or the owners’ assembly and the property service provider, emphasizes the responsibilities of the parties to the contract, and clearly stipulates the responsibilities of both parties for breach of contract, termination of contract modification, dispute handling and so on.

　　Second,The housing and urban-rural (city) construction committees and housing management bureaus in all districts should do a good job in publicity and training, guide the development and construction units or owners’ congress to sign service contracts with property service providers using model texts, and do a good job in publicity according to relevant regulations. The market supervision and management departments of all districts shall promptly investigate and deal with the illegal acts of format clauses in the use of contracts.

　　Third,The model text shall be officially implemented as of the date of issuance. All units should pay attention to collect the problems found in the implementation of the model text, and promptly report to the Municipal Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee andMunicipal market supervision and management bureauFeedback.

　　Fourth,Model texts can be found in "Window of the Capital" (www.beijing.gov.cn), "Website of Beijing Housing and Urban-Rural Development Committee" (zjw.beijing.gov.cn) and "Beijing"Market supervision administrationWebsite "(scjgj.beijing.gov.cn) for download.

Beijing Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-Rural Development　　　　

Beijing Municipal Market Supervision Administration　　　　

June 14th, 2022　　

　　The recent intensive bank annual reports show that the retail business is becoming an important source of income for many banks, accounting for even more than half of the revenue in some joint-stock banks. Among them, credit card business has become the "main force" of bank retail business. In the past year, the volume of cards issued by five banks, including ICBC, CCB and BOC, has exceeded 100 million, and the total credit of credit cards has also increased significantly. Experts said that the enhancement of consumption driving force and the promotion of strict financial supervision are the main reasons driving banks to launch their retail business. Among them, the operation mode of credit card business is relatively simple and the profit mode is diverse, which has become the main force point of bank retail business. However, it is worth noting that with the substantial increase in the number of cards issued, the non-performing rate of credit cards has also risen, and the risks brought about by this are worthy of vigilance.

　　What is the focus on retail business?

　　The annual reports of many banks show that retail business is becoming an important source of income, accounting for more than half of the revenue in some joint-stock banks. For example, in 2018, China Merchants Bank’s retail financial business revenue was 123.257 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 16.04%, accounting for 52.69% of the total revenue. Ping An Bank’s retail business revenue was 61.883 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 32.5%, accounting for 53.0% of the total revenue. The net income of retail business of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank was 66.326 billion yuan, with an increase of 16.15%, accounting for 42.48% of the bank’s net operating income, making it the largest revenue segment.

　　The Postal Savings Bank, which was included in the sequence of "large state-owned commercial banks" for the first time this year, also made clear its strategic goal of continuing to develop its retail business. At the performance conference of the Postal Savings Bank, Zhang Jinliang, the proposed chairman, said that the Postal Savings Bank will adhere to the strategic vision of "building a first-class large-scale retail commercial bank" and continue to consolidate the strategic foundation position of the retail business. Around this strategic goal, the Postal Savings Bank is now vigorously promoting business transformation.

　　Why are banks so enthusiastic about retail business? Dong Ximiao, vice president of Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that there are important internal and external reasons why commercial banks have invested in retail business. First of all, China’s economic environment has entered a stage of high-quality development, and consumption has become the first driving force for economic growth, promoting the development of bank retail business. Secondly, with the continuous promotion of strict financial supervision, the regulatory requirements for corporate business and inter-bank business of banks have been continuously improved, some businesses have shrunk, and retail business has become a new growth point. The narrowing of spreads, financial disintermediation and the increase of bad pressure also make the development of retail business an inevitable trend. In addition, the development of financial technology also brings more opportunities to the retail business of banks.

　　However, Dong Ximiao also said that the strategic strength of banks in retail business remains to be seen. "The investment cost of retail business is high. Most of the existing retail business models are characterized by cost-driven and crowd tactics, which are time-consuming and laborious, difficult to make profits and slow to get results." He said.

　　The surge in credit card volume has spurred revenue growth.

　　Among many retail businesses of banks, credit card business is particularly eye-catching. As can be seen from the annual reports of many banks, the volume of credit cards soared in 2018, and the credit card business became the "main force" for banks to transform into retail business.

　　The report on the overall operation of the payment system released by the central bank recently shows that in the past two years, the number of credit cards issued in China has increased by 221 million; The per capita holding of credit cards rose from 0.31 to 0.49. The total credit granted by bank cards increased by 6.26 trillion yuan, while the balance of credit payable increased by 2.79 trillion yuan.

　　This "Great Leap Forward" momentum of credit cards can also be seen from the 2018 bank annual report. According to the annual report of CITIC Bank, by the end of last year, the bank had issued a total of 67.05 million credit cards, an increase of 35% over the end of last year. In the whole year, 17.48 million new cards were issued, an increase of 43% over the previous year. According to the disclosure of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank, by the end of last year, the bank had issued 56.5 million credit cards, a year-on-year increase of 37%; The number of cards in circulation was 37.5 million, an increase of 40% over the end of last year.

　　Judging from the overall scale of credit card issuance by banks, among the banks that disclose credit card performance at present, ICBC occupies a dominant position in terms of scale, with the total number of credit cards reaching 151 million. In 2018, after ICBC, CCB and China Merchants Bank, the card issuance scale of BOC and ABC also exceeded 100 million.

　　Dong Zheng, a credit card researcher, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that the reason why credit cards can become the focus of banks’ retail efforts is because they have obvious advantages compared with other traditional retail businesses. First of all, the credit card business relationship is relatively simple. "Unlike savings cards, credit cards don’t need deposits or funds. Cardholders can conduct corresponding business operations without establishing traditional account relationships with banks. For banks, the business model is simpler." Dong Wei said. Secondly, Dong Zheng pointed out that credit card development scenarios and profit models are more diverse, and people can be subdivided through consumption characteristics to achieve accurate positioning of different customers.

　　With the rapid increase in the volume of credit cards, credit card transactions have increased substantially, and the income of related businesses has also risen. According to the annual report data, in 2018, China Merchants Bank’s credit card operating income reached 66.7 billion yuan, ranking first among the banks that have announced the credit card business revenue. Everbright Bank is 39 billion yuan, with a growth rate of over 39%, ranking first in the growth rate.

　　Wang Ximei, an analyst at Analysys Financial Center, told reporters that in the transformation of the bank’s retail business, the credit card business has strong profitability, which can also drive the development of other banks’ businesses and bring a large increase in revenue for banks. At present, the main income sources of credit cards are interest income and installment fees. Interest income mainly comes from the interest charged by the bank for the cardholder’s failure to fully repay the credit card overdraft; The installment fee is the fee charged by the bank for the cardholder’s installment repayment, including cash installment, bill installment, consumption installment and merchant installment.

　　The risk of rising credit card non-performing rate needs to be vigilant

　　According to central bank data, as of the end of 2018, the total outstanding credit of credit cards overdue for half a year was 78.861 billion yuan, accounting for 1.16% of the credit balance of credit cards, down 10.48% from the previous month, but up 18.92% from the same period last year. Insiders pointed out that it can be seen from the data that although year-end supervision has played a certain role in risk management and control, credit card risks are still under great pressure as a whole.

　　From the perspective of specific banks, the non-performing rate of credit cards in some banks has also shown signs of rising. For example, in 2018, the balance of credit card non-performing loans of CITIC Bank was 8.195 billion yuan, with a non-performing rate of 1.85%, up 0.61 percentage points from the end of last year; The overdue credit card loans reached 15.85 billion yuan, with an overdue rate of 3.59%, up 0.84 percentage points from the end of last year. The balance of credit card non-performing loans of Shanghai Pudong Development Bank was 7.832 billion yuan, with a non-performing rate of 1.81%, up 0.49 percentage points from the end of last year, and rising for two consecutive years. The NPL ratio of credit card loans of Ping An Bank was 1.32%, up 0.14 percentage points from the end of last year.

　　In view of the risk of credit card business, the annual report of CITIC Bank pointed out that in recent years, personal consumer finance business has developed at a high speed, personal loan business has gradually expanded from commercial banks to various consumer finance companies and Internet platforms, and the phenomenon that individual consumers borrow from many financial or quasi-financial institutions at the same time is increasing. Affected by the macro-economic and regulatory environment, the asset quality of the co-debt customers has shown some signs of deterioration, and it has affected the credit card industry to some extent.

　　Dong Zheng said that the current credit card risks mainly come from Internet finance fields such as online loans. "For example, some people rely on credit cards to cash out and then invest their money in online lending platforms. Once these online lending platforms have problems, the corresponding risks will be transferred to the issuing bank." He said. In this regard, he said that banks should strengthen big data risk control, effectively screen high-quality customers and reduce potential risks. At the same time, banks should also reasonably control the credit line, do not blindly take high credit as bait to attract customers, but also avoid multi-head credit and repeated credit.

　　Wang Ximei said that the sharp increase in credit card issuance may have potential risks such as excessive credit to low-end customers and joint debt. Credit card risk management can be strengthened by optimizing customer base structure, focusing on tapping high-quality customers, optimizing credit card risk control system and strengthening overdue collection of credit cards.

DecreeNo. fourteenth of the National Health and Family Planning Commission of the People’s Republic of China

　　The Interim Measures for the Record Management of Chinese Medicine Clinics was discussed and passed at the meeting of directors of the National Health and Family Planning Commission on July 31, 2017. It is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of December 1, 2017.

Director Li Bin

September 22, 2017

Interim Measures for the Administration of Filing in Chinese Medicine Clinics

　　Chapter I General Provisions

　　Article 1 In order to do a good job in the filing management of Chinese medicine clinics, these Measures are formulated in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Chinese Medicine Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions.

　　Article 2 The Chinese medicine clinics referred to in these Measures refer to clinics in pharmacy service that use Chinese medicine and non-drug therapies such as acupuncture, cupping and massage, as well as Chinese medicine dispensing and decoction. These measures are not applicable to those who do not meet the service scope specified above or have uncontrollable medical safety hidden dangers and risks.

　　Article 3 state administration of traditional chinese medicine is responsible for the management of Chinese medicine clinics throughout the country.

　　The local competent departments of traditional Chinese medicine at or above the county level shall be responsible for the supervision and management of traditional Chinese medicine clinics within their respective administrative areas.

　　The competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the county level shall be responsible for the filing work of traditional Chinese medicine clinics within their respective administrative areas.

　　Chapter II Filing

　　Article 4 Where a Chinese medicine clinic is held, the practice can be carried out after reporting to the county-level Chinese medicine department where the clinic is to be held for the record.

　　Article 5 A Chinese medicine clinic shall meet the following conditions:

　　(1) An individual who runs a clinic of traditional Chinese medicine shall have the Qualification Certificate of Chinese Medicine and have been practicing in medical, preventive and health care institutions for three years after registration, or have the Qualification Certificate of Chinese Medicine (Specialty); Where a legal person or other organization holds a Chinese medicine clinic, the main person in charge of the clinic shall meet the above requirements;

　　(two) in line with the "basic standards of Chinese medicine clinics";

　　(three) the name of the Chinese medicine clinic conforms to the relevant provisions of the Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions;

　　(four) in accordance with the relevant provisions of environmental protection and fire protection;

　　(5) Being able to bear civil liability independently.

　　The Detailed Rules for the Implementation of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions stipulates that no unit or individual may apply for the establishment of a medical institution or hold a Chinese medicine clinic.

　　Article 6 A Chinese medicine clinic shall submit the following materials for filing:

　　(a) "Chinese medicine clinic for the record information form";

　　(two) the valid identity certificate, doctor qualification certificate and doctor practice certificate of the main person in charge of the Chinese medicine clinic;

　　(3) Directory of other health technical personnel, valid identity certificates and qualification certificates;

　　(four) the management rules and regulations of Chinese medicine clinics;

　　(five) the medical waste treatment plan and the description of the surrounding environment of the clinic;

　　(6) Fire emergency plan.

　　Where a legal person or other organization holds a Chinese medicine clinic, it shall also provide the qualification certificate of the legal person or other organization, the identity certificate of the legal representative or the identity certificate of the representative of other organization.

　　Article 7 Filing persons shall truthfully provide relevant materials and reflect the real situation, and be responsible for the authenticity of the substantive contents of their filing materials.

　　Article 8 After receiving the filing materials, the competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the county level shall file the materials that are complete and meet the filing requirements, and issue the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic on the spot; If the materials are incomplete or do not meet the filing requirements, the filer shall be informed of all the contents that need to be corrected on the spot or within five days from the date of receiving the filing materials.

　　The state gradually promotes the informationization of the management of Chinese medicine clinics, and online application for filing can be implemented where conditions permit.

　　Article 9 A Chinese medicine clinic shall publicize the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic and the information of health technicians in a prominent position in the clinic.

　　Tenth Chinese medicine clinic personnel, name, address and other actual settings should be consistent with the "Chinese medicine clinic registration certificate" records.

　　Where the name, place, main person in charge, diagnosis and treatment subjects, technology and other filing matters of the Chinese medicine clinic change, it shall timely go to the original filing organ for filing the changed matters.

　　Article 11 It is forbidden to forge, sell, transfer or lend the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic.

　　Article 12 Chinese medicine clinics shall carry out diagnosis and treatment activities according to the recorded diagnosis and treatment subjects and techniques, strengthen the management of diagnosis and treatment behavior, medical quality and medical safety, and comply with the relevant provisions of prevention and control of technology-related infections in Chinese medicine.

　　Chinese medicine clinics should abide by laws and regulations when publishing medical advertisements, and it is forbidden to make false or exaggerated propaganda.

　　Article 13 The competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the county level shall, within 20 days from the date of issuing the Record Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic, disclose the information of Chinese medicine clinics filed within its jurisdiction on its government website, so as to facilitate social inquiry and supervision, and timely submit the record information of Chinese medicine clinics within its jurisdiction to the competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the next higher level. The competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the next higher level shall conduct verification, and find that the record items that do not meet the provisions of these measures shall be corrected within thirty days.

　　Chapter III Supervision and Administration

　　Fourteenth local departments in charge of traditional Chinese medicine at or above the county level shall strengthen the supervision and management of the practice of traditional Chinese medicine clinics according to law, medical quality and safety, and clinic management.

　　Fifteenth county-level departments in charge of traditional Chinese medicine shall, within 30 days from the date of filing the Chinese medicine clinic, conduct on-site verification of the registered Chinese medicine clinic, verify the relevant materials, and regularly carry out on-site supervision and inspection.

　　Sixteenth in any of the following circumstances, the Chinese medicine clinic shall report to the local county-level Chinese medicine department, and the county-level Chinese medicine department shall cancel the record and make a timely announcement to the public:

　　(a) the Chinese medicine clinic has stopped practicing for more than one year;

　　(two) the main person in charge of the Chinese medicine clinic has his practice certificate revoked or has been investigated for criminal responsibility;

　　(three) the legal person or other organization that runs the Chinese medicine clinic is terminated according to law;

　　(4) Chinese medicine clinics voluntarily terminate their practice activities.

　　Seventeenth county-level departments in charge of traditional Chinese medicine should regularly organize the person in charge of Chinese medicine clinics to learn health laws and regulations, prevention and control of infection and infectious diseases in medical institutions, and promote the practice of Chinese medicine clinics according to law; Regularly organize practitioners to participate in continuing education to improve their professional and technical level.

　　Article 18 The competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the county level shall establish a record system of bad practice behaviors in Chinese medicine clinics, record illegal operations, unreasonable charges, false propaganda, etc., and serve as an important basis for the supervision and management of Chinese medicine clinics.

　　Chapter IV Legal Liability

　　Article 19 Where the local competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at or above the county level fails to perform its duties as prescribed in these Measures, it shall be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Article 53 of the Chinese Medicine Law if it meets the filing conditions but fails to issue the filing certificate in time or fails to inform the information of traditional Chinese medicine clinics that need to be supplemented within the prescribed time limit, and fails to carry out supervision and management according to law.

　　Article 20 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of these measures, practices without the record of the county-level competent department of traditional Chinese medicine shall be ordered by the county-level competent department of traditional Chinese medicine to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of not more than 30,000 yuan, and announce relevant information to the society; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop practicing activities, the person directly responsible shall not engage in Chinese medicine related activities within five years from the date of making the punishment decision.

　　Twenty-first submitted false filing materials to obtain the "Chinese medicine clinic registration certificate", the county-level Chinese medicine department shall order it to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income, impose a fine of not more than 30 thousand yuan, and announce relevant information to the public; Refuses to correct, shall be ordered to stop practicing activities and cancel the "Chinese medicine clinic registration certificate", and its directly responsible personnel shall not engage in Chinese medicine related activities within five years from the date of making the punishment decision.

　　Twenty-second in violation of the provisions of article tenth of these measures, the Chinese medicine clinic without changing the settings without filing or the actual settings are inconsistent with the items recorded in the Record Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic, and shall not carry out medical activities. To carry out medical activities without authorization, the competent department of traditional Chinese medicine at the county level shall order it to make corrections, give a warning and impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to stop practicing and cancel the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic.

　　Article 23 Whoever, in violation of the provisions of Article 11 of these measures, sells, transfers or lends the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic shall be ordered by the county-level Chinese medicine department to make corrections, given a warning and may be fined between 10,000 yuan and 30,000 yuan; If the circumstances are serious, it shall be ordered to stop practicing and cancel the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic.

　　Twenty-fourth Chinese medicine clinics to carry out medical activities beyond the scope of filing, the local county-level Chinese medicine department shall order it to make corrections, confiscate the illegal income, and impose a fine of not less than ten thousand yuan but not more than thirty thousand yuan. Under any of the following circumstances, it shall be ordered to stop practicing activities and cancel the Registration Certificate of Chinese Medicine Clinic, and the directly responsible person in charge shall not engage in management work in medical institutions within five years from the date of making the punishment decision:

　　(1) Having received administrative punishment for carrying out medical activities beyond the scope of filing;

　　(2) engaging in medical activities beyond the scope of filing and causing harm to patients;

　　(three) in violation of the provisions of these measures, causing other serious consequences.

　　Chapter V Supplementary Provisions

　　Twenty-fifth Chinese medicine clinic management requirements not specified in these measures shall be implemented in accordance with relevant laws and regulations and the relevant provisions of the state medical institutions management.

　　Twenty-sixth "Chinese medicine clinic for the record information form" and "Chinese medicine clinic for the record certificate" format by the state administration of traditional chinese medicine unified regulations.

　　Twenty-seventh Chinese medicine clinics that have been set up before the implementation of these measures meet the filing conditions stipulated in these measures, and can be managed in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions or in accordance with the filing requirements before the expiration of the validity period of the Practice License of Medical Institutions; Other clinics that do not meet the filing conditions are still subject to examination and approval management in accordance with the requirements of the Regulations on the Administration of Medical Institutions.

　　Article 28 The time limit stipulated in these Measures shall be calculated in working days.

　　Article 29 These Measures shall come into force as of December 1, 2017.

[Editor’s note] In recent years, characteristic towns have sprung up everywhere, which is an important starting point to help supply-side reform and rural revitalization. Regrettably, many characteristic towns have become "performance towns", and it is common to emphasize real estate over industry, development over management, and commerce over culture. How to correct the wrong direction and jump out of the development trap?
　
Today, CCTV Online Review published the second article in a series of comments on "There are many strange images in characteristic towns".

Characteristic towns have become an important "key" for the country to crack the urban-rural duality, industrial agglomeration and cultural inheritance. After the flowers bloom everywhere, problems also follow.In some places, under the banner of "small towns", the practice of "enclosure" has become a replica of real estate development.

　Turning to the list of the top 100 real estate enterprises in China, most real estate enterprises are involved in the development and construction of characteristic towns to varying degrees. Under the general environment of stricter regulation and control of real estate, limited financing and tight finance, housing enterprises "spend the winter" and local governments "tighten their belts" are all facing growth pressure. The characteristic towns seem to be "rain from heaven", and some places and housing enterprises are habitually "agitated".
　
Taking the old road of land finance and real estate development and engaging in "fake towns and real estate" is a "good idea". Some places plan characteristic towns with the idea of building industrial parks under the policy dividend of characteristic towns. Developers use the "hat" of characteristic towns to obtain cheap industrial and commercial land and carry out real estate development; In order to make up for the previous investment, we got a lot of high-quality and cheap secondary land from the local government through the first-level land consolidation for development, and made huge profits through the price difference, which pushed up the local housing prices.
　
We should guard against another bubble bursting. Although the early investment and construction of some characteristic towns are inseparable from real estate development, they even need real estate sales and rental. The terrible thing is that the concept of housing enterprises has not changed, and towns have been developed by the way of making money in the past, with emphasis on marketing and light operation, and with stories and concepts, local housing prices have been inflated, which has discouraged enterprises and talents from making money and leaving them, leaving "empty towns" and "ghost towns".
　
The development and management of characteristic towns is a delicate work, but also a slow work, which should be treated with the spirit of "embroidery needle"If you can’t make it, it’s a political achievement. If you screw it up, it’s an experiment. We should scientifically certify and strictly examine and approve characteristic town projects, especially those involving the linkage of primary and secondary land markets and a large number of one-off land purchases, so as to prevent some bad real estate developers from deviating from the original intention of the country to build characteristic towns, exploiting policy loopholes and engaging in real estate in disguise.
　
The development level of characteristic towns in China is still small and new, so it is inevitable to go through the process from "chaos" to "governance" and be prepared for "long-term success".Previously, the regulatory authorities delineated four red lines in the construction of small towns: "strictly guard against government debt risks, strictly control the tendency of real estate, strictly save intensive land, and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection", and also delisted a number of unqualified towns. A town with real vitality is an endogenous cycle of industry, with a unique culture, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. It is by no means a high-rise building or an image project. The process of cultivating characteristic towns must be long-term, which is the result of market choice. If administrative means are not ordered, money cannot be spent.
　
The development of characteristic towns should be guided by the trend, adapted to local conditions, suitable for local customs and humanities, and stand the test of history. In practice, we need to be targeted, focus on the existing industrial base and regional future planning according to the economic characteristics of various places, and selectively carry out pilot projects for the construction of characteristic towns. We should not rush into the horse and start work quickly. We need to make a decision before making a decision, tailor our measures, explore successful experiences through meticulous cultivation, and then gradually spread them out, so that the construction of characteristic towns can truly become an important carrier for high-quality economic development and cultural inheritance.

　　In the first quarter, Guangdong invested 0.31 trillion yuan in real estate development, down 2.7% year-on-year. Among them, investment in commercial housing decreased by 1.2%.

　　Regionally, the investment in real estate development in the core area of the Pearl River Delta decreased by 1.9%, the coastal economic zone decreased by 3.1%, and the northern ecological development zone decreased by 11.1%.

　　annotations

　　1. Interpretation of main indicators

　　Investment completed by real estate development enterprises this year: refers to all the investment completed during the reporting period for housing construction projects, land development projects, public welfare buildings and land purchase fees. This indicator is cumulative data.

　　2. Statistical scope

　　All real estate development and operation legal entities.

　　3. Investigation methods

　　Conduct a comprehensive survey on a monthly basis (except January).

　　4. Division of economic regions

　　The core areas of the Pearl River Delta include 9 prefecture-level cities including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing. The coastal economic belt (east wing and west wing) includes seven prefecture-level cities: Shantou, Shanwei, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang and Maoming. The northern ecological development zone includes five prefecture-level cities: Shaoguan, Heyuan, Meizhou, Qingyuan and Yunfu.

　　5. Calculation of growth rate

　　In this paper, the year-on-year growth rate of real estate development investment is nominal growth rate.

On November 10th, China Fudan Hospital Ranking was just released, which was released by Hospital Management Institute of Fudan University. Drawing lessons from the evaluation method of "Best Hospital Ranking" in the United States, it adhered to the core of clinical discipline level and specialty reputation, taking into account the scientific research output of that year, which attracted great attention.

However, on a global scale, which city has the strongest comprehensive strength in cancer treatment, do you know? A few days ago, Britain also published a "list of the best hospital cities in 2019", which evaluated the overall level of cancer treatment in 100 cities around the world from three aspects: infrastructure, nursing quality and access rights.

The survey found that Tokyo, Japan is one of the best cities for cancer treatment in the world. Japan’s capital ranks first in the efficiency of cancer treatment, with the highest score in the overall quality of diagnosis and treatment, the largest number of first-class hospitals, and a high score in accessibility.

The second best hospital for cancer treatment in the world is located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Its infrastructure score is the highest, including the number of first-class medical universities, first-class hospitals and sufficient mental health counseling experts for patients.

The third place is London, England, followed by Paris, France, and Seoul, South Korea ranks fifth. It should be emphasized that this survey only examines the overall situation of hospitals in specific locations, not individual institutions.

Beijing is the only city in China, ranking 83rd. It performed well in the management of adverse events, drug prices and disposable medical expenses. In contrast, Beijing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Krakow, Poland were rated as the three cities with the worst cancer treatment efficiency, indicating that we still have a lot of room for improvement.

01

Japan, the leading cancer treatment technology in the world.

As early as 30 years ago, Japan began to study cancer cure methods and constantly broke through innovation. Among them, the professional anti-cancer physical examination institution, the specialized cancer treatment hospital, has long been famous all over the world.

Nowadays, Japan has gradually formed a mature cancer screening, cancer treatment and cancer recurrence prevention as three steps to prevent and treat cancer. No matter TV, magazines and new media, they will try their best to popularize the significance of early onset and active treatment of cancer, which has been endorsed by many medical schools and research institutions at home and abroad.

Japan’s 30 years of painstaking research on cancer has created a world-leading cancer prevention and control system, making Japan second to none in the field of cancer treatment in the world, thus attracting a large number of foreign patients to receive treatment and examination.

Japanese cancer treatment has three characteristics: high cure rate, small side effects and low recurrence rate. Before receiving Japanese cancer treatment, the patient underwent a Japanese cancer physical examination, and the smallest cancer below 5 mm can be found, which is in stage I, and the cancer cells have not infiltrated (on the epidermis and mucosa, and have not penetrated into the muscles), spread (spread to all organs), metastasized (transferred to other organs), or even stage 0 (primary cancer). It is fortunate to find such a cancer, which can be cured by resection. If you pay attention to lifestyle changes, it will generally not recur.

Known as the king of cancer, the early detection rate of pancreatic cancer is very low, only 5% ~ 7%. If doctors are inexperienced, pancreatic cancer is often misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary diseases, and the misdiagnosis time is generally as long as 3 ~6 months. Most patients can’t be surgically removed when they are diagnosed, and they will die in about half a year, and the survival rate after 5 years of operation is less than 5%.

In Japan, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer can be kept at a high level of about 42% through early cancer prevention and early treatment.

Good treatment, we must protect the normal tissue.

Japan’s leading cancer treatment technologies mainly include heavy ion therapy and proton therapy. Among them, heavy ion radiotherapy and proton radiotherapy are the most advanced radiotherapy methods to treat tumors, and their clinical effects are comparable to those of scalpels.

Doctors only need to aim the particle beam of heavy ions and protons at the tumor to take a photo, and the tumor tissue will die quickly. It has almost no harm to the healthy tissue around the tumor, and it sweeps away the skin damage, visceral damage such as radiation-induced pneumonia, bone marrow suppression, hair loss, low immunity, etc. brought by all the common radiotherapy methods at present, and it has no bleeding, infection, accidental injury, etc. caused by the scalpel, so it is called the magical invisible scalpel.

02

Heavy ion therapy

Heavy ion therapy is mainly used to treat local malignant tumors, especially diseases that are difficult to cure by traditional methods. Compared with other common radiotherapy, it can accurately locate tumor tissue and reduce the damage to surrounding normal tissue.

Because the types and spread of cancer cells are different, the treatment methods are also different. Whether heavy ion therapy can be carried out needs to be judged in advance. According to the comprehensive research institute of radiation medicine, the statistical results of patients who have received heavy ion therapy so far clearly show that:

(1) It has a good effect on treating the following malignant tumors, namely, cervical cancer (including eye cancer), intracranial and skull base cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bone cancer, soft tissue cancer, uterine cancer and local recurrence in pelvis after rectal cancer operation.

(2) A series of cancers that are resistant to ordinary radiation (such as X-rays) have a good effect, such as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bone cancer, cartilaginous carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

However, large-area metastatic cancer is not suitable for heavy ion beam therapy. There are patients such as hematologic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer (primary site), and patients who have received radiotherapy in the same place before. Please consult a doctor for details.

03

Proton therapy

Proton particles are extremely tiny, and one trillion protons are only one millimeter long in a straight line. Protons are positively charged, which can be made to move at high speed by electric field, reaching extremely high energy. Using proton accelerator to generate high-energy proton beam, which is injected into human body under precise control, can accurately release energy to the lesion to achieve therapeutic effect, which is the technical superiority of proton therapy.

Because proton therapy has the characteristics of strong penetration, good dose distribution, high local dose, less side scattering and small penumbra, it is especially suitable for treating tumors surrounded by important tissues and organs.

The cancers suitable for proton radiation therapy mainly include head and neck cancer (nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, throat, salivary glands, skull base, etc.), lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and other primary tumors. In addition, it can also treat pelvic recurrence and single metastatic tumors (liver metastasis and lung metastasis) after rectal cancer surgery.

We live in an era when we talk about the discoloration of cancer. Cancer is not an incurable disease, but a chronic disease that can be prevented in advance, that is to say, cancer is not a terminal disease.

For patients, if cancer is unfortunately detected, we must pay attention to the opportunity of "first treatment". Because the medical results are often irreversible, the chances of cure for almost all cancers may mainly depend on the first treatment. Japan is a country that attaches great importance to surgery, and the top hospitals for cancer treatment are all famous for surgery. For patients who have surgery opportunities, they can make rational choices according to their own conditions.

According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 75% of cancer patients in Japan did not leave their jobs due to illness, and 80% of them said that their treatment would not affect their work. The reason is that most cancer patients in Japan are found early and treated early, and early cancer can be basically cured without affecting their normal work and life.

04

Cancer screening

Toshiba Corporation of Japan issued a statement on November 25th, saying that it has developed a method to diagnose cancer through blood test with an accuracy rate of 99%.

The basis of diagnosis is to determine the type and concentration of small noncoding RNA molecules secreted by cancer cells into the blood. The whole analysis process only needs one drop of blood and lasts about two hours. Therefore, the company has specially developed a portable device with a built-in diagnostic chip.

This method can diagnose 13 kinds of cancers, including gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, intestinal cancer and bladder cancer. Toshiba said that even in the earliest stage of cancer, this method is still effective.

In recent years, the number of cancer patients has been increasing, and Japan has been actively developing new anti-cancer methods. Moreover, in this respect, artificial intelligence has begun to be more and more widely used.

In addition, according to statistical reports at home and abroad, the comprehensive cure rate of gastric cancer in Japan is as high as 80%, and the first-stage gastric cancer even reaches 98.1%! Far more than 30%~40% in China and the United States, it can be said that it stands out from the crowd and dumped us several blocks. Rich people can go to Japan for physical examination and surgery. What should ordinary people do?

We might as well learn from Japan’s anti-cancer experience, and truly achieve early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, and reject gastric cancer thousands of miles away!

The 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer in Japan is high, because most of the patients detected are early patients, the disease develops slowly, and the probability of recurrence and metastasis is low. At the same time, because of their young age and good physical condition, they are more tolerant to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the treatment effect is of course good. Japan’s secret to deal with gastric cancer is early screening, early detection and early treatment.

In 1964, 400,000 people were screened, by 1970, 4 million people were screened, and after 1990, about 6 million people were screened for gastric cancer every year. The early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer in Japan is as high as 50% to 70%, while the cure rate of early gastric cancer is more than 90%, even close to 100%.

In the United States, the incidence of gastric cancer is very low, which is a rare disease. Compared with breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer, Americans pay relatively little attention to the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer, and the early detection rate is low. China is a country with high incidence of gastric cancer, but people’s awareness of prevention and treatment is not high. Only 10% to 15% of early gastric cancer is found, and many people are diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer. More than 70-80% people will not live for five years. Many people died within a few months after being diagnosed.

Since the cure rate of gastric cancer in Japan is so high, it is attributed to the early detection and treatment of gastric cancer in Japan, so how do they do it? Very simple, mainly relying on endoscopic screening. In the eyes of many people in our country, gastroscopy is a color-changing examination. Many people delay their illness because they refuse gastroscopy, and few people take the initiative to ask for gastroscopy unless they have to.

According to reports, Japan has a population of about 127 million, and about 15 million cases of gastroscopy are completed every year. It is equivalent to 12.5% of people having a gastroscope every year. Converted, it is equivalent to that 62.5% people have had a gastroscope at least once in five years. Convert it into high-risk groups, and almost all of them have been screened.

On the other hand, in China, many people are afraid of gastroscopy. The detection rate of gastroscopy is very low, the detection rate of early cancer is less than 20%, and the survival rate in five years is less than 30%. That is to say, most people who are diagnosed may not survive for five years. 80% of patients with early gastric cancer have no obvious symptoms, and even if there are symptoms, they are atypical symptoms, such as loss of appetite and abdominal discomfort, which are difficult for patients to pay attention to. Only regular gastroscopy can find its clues.

According to the latest 5-year survival rate data of gastric cancer released by National Cancer Research Center of Japan:

The 5-year survival rate of primary gastric cancer is as high as 98.1%.

Secondary gastric cancer: 66.4%,

Stage III gastric cancer: 47.3%,

The 5-year survival rate of stage IV gastric cancer is only 7.3%.

Because the proportion of advanced gastric cancer in Japan is very small, the overall 5-year survival rate is higher than 80%, which is unique in the world! It can be seen how important it is to find and treat early! Compare the figures in China: the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 40%; Stage 3 or 4 gastric cancer accounts for 80% of the total cases, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. Only 15-20% of patients have early cancer. In other words, most patients will not live for five years.

Because of its large population base and high incidence of gastric cancer, China has contributed more than half of the cases in the world. Under the background that there is no revolutionary progress in the treatment of gastric cancer at present, it is particularly important to do a good job in the prevention and early screening of gastric cancer.

On the evening of March 30th, GAC Chuanqi’s brand-new medium and large SUVS7 was officially launched. Six new models were launched, with a guide price range of 175,800-229,800 yuan and a limited-time price of 169,800-223,800 yuan. After adding the national replacement subsidy, the price further dropped to 154,800-208,800 yuan.

As the brand’s first production car equipped with a high-level intelligent driving system, the new car is built on the new energy platform of Guangzhou Automobile EV+, and it cuts into the market with the dual core of plug-in and intelligent driving, facing the needs of home users for long battery life, intelligence and high cost performance.

Chuanqi yearns for S7 to adopt the design language of "hiding the front and embellishing it", with a closed front face with a 2618mm penetrating light strip and a split headlight group, and a built-in 2248 beads, which supports the upgrade of OTA light language and the interaction with breathing light, and the recognition is full at night. On the side of the car body, the suspended roof, hidden door handle and 20-inch spoke wheel hub enhance the sense of technology, and the tail is similar to a zigzag through the light group and the dynamic light effect echoes the front face design, giving consideration to the sense of strength and futurity. The new car offers five basic color schemes and two-piece/matte options to meet individual needs.

The interior of the new car takes the 270 embracing cockpit as the core, and is equipped with Qualcomm Snapdragon 8295P chip and ADiGO 6.0 system, which supports four-tone voice interaction and 27-inch W-HUD head-up display, realizing "visible and controllable". For family travel scenes, the rear row is equipped with a 17.3-inch 3K ceiling screen, a 22-speaker Dolby panoramic sound response and a 20L cold and warm refrigerator, giving consideration to entertainment and practicality. In terms of intelligent driving, the new car is equipped with NVIDIA Orin-X chip (254TOPS computing power) and 11 cameras+laser radar combination. The self-developed end-to-end system of GAC covers 357 sub-scenarios, such as urban/high-speed NDA and extreme parking spaces, and the intelligent driving function in urban areas is free for life, which significantly reduces the threshold for users to adopt advanced intelligent driving.

In terms of power, the new car offers the choice of plug-in and extended-range power. The plug-in version is equipped with a plug-in system consisting of a 1.5T engine, and provides a single-motor version and a dual-motor version. Among them, the maximum power of the 1.5T engine is 118kW, the single-motor version is equipped with a 170kW front drive motor, and the four-wheel drive version is equipped with a 170kW/80kW front and rear dual motors. CLTC has a pure battery life of 180-205km and a comprehensive battery life of 1020-1150km. The whole system supports 17-minute fast charge (30%-80%) and 6kW external discharge, taking into account the long-distance endurance anxiety relief and outdoor power demand.

From the perspective of positioning and pricing, we look forward to popular models such as S7 sword finger and so on. Compared with the ideal L6, its limited-time starting price is as low as 154,800 yuan (after subsidy), and it offers lidar version and four-wheel drive options, so its intelligent driving function and endurance performance are more competitive. At the same price, Chery Fengyun T10 and other models are also difficult to fully compete with them in the intelligent cockpit and intelligent driving configuration.

Conclusion:

In 2025, the competition in the large and medium-sized new energy SUV market is fierce, and Chuanqi yearns for S7 to cut in with the strategy of "high entry price", filling the gap of the brand in the 200,000-class smart SUV market. Combined with leapfrog configuration, full-scene intelligent driving and technical accumulation of GAC Chuanqi in the hybrid field, the new car is expected to become a new choice for home users. If the terminal channel and service experience are improved simultaneously, it will become the key engine to drive the sales growth of Chuanqi.

　　Coordinator: Zang Chunlei, Lu Zhongzheng

　　Cartography: Shen Yiling

　　Core reading

　　Health is the eternal pursuit of human beings. "Without the health of the whole people, there will be no overall well-off." Since the reform and opening up, China’s health and wellness undertakings have been accelerated, the medical and health service system has been continuously improved, the level of equalization of basic public health services has been steadily improved, and the overall strength of public health has reached a big step. The health level of Chinese residents has been continuously improved, and the main health indicators of residents are generally better than the average level of middle-and high-income countries.

　　76.7 years old

　　average life expectancy

　　The medical and health service system has been continuously improved, and medical and health resources have increased rapidly.

　　Internationally, the main indicators to measure the health level of a country’s residents are life expectancy per capita, infant mortality and maternal mortality.

　　China’s average life expectancy is constantly improving. He was 67.9 years old in 1981, 71.4 years old in 2000 and 76.7 years old in 2017. The infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate decreased continuously, from 32.9&permil in 1990; And 88.9/100,000, down to 6.8&permil in 2017; And 19.6/100,000.

　　In 2014, China achieved the related indicators of maternal and child health in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals ahead of schedule. The Report on Success Factors of Maternal and Child Health published by the World Health Organization lists China as one of the 10 countries with high performance in maternal and child health, and promotes China’s experience to the world.

　　In May this year, the World Health Organization released World Health Statistics 2018 in Geneva. According to the data of 2016, China’s healthy life expectancy at birth surpassed that of the United States for the first time, with 68.7 years in China, higher than that of the United States. The global healthy life expectancy of infants at birth is 63.3 years.

　　Over the past 40 years, China’s medical and health service system has been continuously improved, medical and health resources have increased rapidly, and people’s access to services has improved significantly.

　　In terms of the number of medical staff, by the end of 2017, there were 3.39 million licensed (assistant) doctors and more than 3.8 million registered nurses in China, and the number of nurses per 1,000 population increased to 2.74, and the doctor-nurse ratio increased to 1∶1.1, which reversed the situation of the inverted doctor-nurse ratio.

　　Judging from the number of medical and health institutions, in 1978, the total number of medical and health institutions in China was 170,000; In 1990, it was 209,000; In 2000, it was 325,000; In 2017, it reached 987,000.

　　It is worth mentioning that private hospitals have developed rapidly. In 2017, there were 12,297 public hospitals in China, with 2.95 billion person-times, accounting for 85.8% of the total number of hospital visits; There are 18,759 private hospitals, with 490 million medical treatments, accounting for 14.2% of the total number of hospital treatments. By the end of 2017, among hospitals, public hospital beds accounted for 75.7% and private hospital beds accounted for 24.3%.

　　No.48

　　Global ranking of medical quality rises.

　　China has produced a number of superior medical technologies that have reached the international advanced level.

　　Not long ago, in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital, medical staff celebrated the 30th birthday of Zheng Mengzhu, the first test-tube baby in mainland China. More than 30 years ago, Zheng Mengzhu was a cluster of tiny cells. Under the microscope, she first "met" Zhang Lizhu, a professor at the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University. Today, she has become an employee of the Reproductive Center of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University.

　　2018 is 40 years since the birth of the first test-tube baby in the world and 30 years since the birth of the first test-tube baby in mainland China. The medical quality and technical level in China have been significantly improved. At present, the clinical pregnancy rate of assisted reproductive technology in China is about 40%, and the delivery rate of live infants is 30%— 35%, nearly 300 hospitals across the country can carry out assisted reproductive technology, and the number of test-tube babies exceeds 200,000 times every year. China has become the world’s largest country in assisted reproductive technology treatment, and assisted reproductive technology has reached the world’s advanced level, reaching the world’s leading level in some fields.

　　In 2017, The Lancet, a world-renowned medical magazine, ranked 195 countries and regions in terms of medical quality and accessibility. The results showed that during the 25 years from 1990 to 2015, China was one of the countries with the greatest progress in medical quality, and the ranking of medical quality and accessibility index increased from 110th to 60th, ranking third in the world. The gap in the quality of medical services between regions in China has narrowed from 6.7 in 1990 to 1.2 in 2015, far below the global gap of 20.1.

　　In 2018, The Lancet released the global ranking of medical quality and accessibility again. China’s ranking of medical quality and accessibility has increased from 60th in the world in 2015 to 48th in 2016, making great progress again.

　　At present, China has produced a number of superior medical technologies that have reached or led the international advanced level and have a demonstration and driving role in the world, which has promoted the improvement of the ability to diagnose and treat major diseases. For example, the ventricular assist device independently developed by Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences fills the technical gap in the field of ventricular assist research and development in China; The related research results of Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University on gastrointestinal vascular diseases became the only basis for the relevant guidelines of the American Gastroenterology Association in 2015. In 2017, China completed more than 16,000 organ transplant operations, accounting for 12.3% of the total organ transplant in the world in 2017, ranking second in the world. Quality indicators such as the survival rate of transplant recipients are also among the highest in the world. Taking heart transplantation as an example, the survival rates of patients at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after operation can reach 93%, 90% and 85% in some hospitals respectively, which are higher than the world average of 85%, 79% and 73%.

　　Over 1.3 billion

　　Number of participants in the three basic medical insurance systems

　　Investment in health care continued to grow, and serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents was fully promoted.

　　"I didn’t expect to get such a big illness, and I spent less than 10,000 yuan." Wang Nengbao is a poor household in Dawan Village, Huashi Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province. Gastric cancer was detected in October 2017. He went to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for surgery, and was hospitalized for 9 times. The medical expenses totaled 97,000 yuan, and the individual paid only 9,300 yuan.

　　Medical reform is a worldwide problem. As the largest developing country in the world, China faces more challenges than developed countries.

　　In April, 2009, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System, which marked the official launch of a new round of medical reform. In 2016, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and other institutions believed that China had made rapid progress in achieving universal health coverage, the accessibility of basic medical and health services was more balanced, and the reform achievements attracted worldwide attention.

　　Over the past 40 years, the proportion of medical and health expenditure in China has gradually increased. The proportion of medical and health expenditure in GDP was 3% in 1978, 3.2% in 1988, 4.3% in 1998, 4.5% in 2008 and 6.2% in 2017. With the continuous growth of government and society’s investment in medical and health care, the structure of China’s total health expenditure has been continuously optimized. Since 2001, the proportion of personal health expenditure in total health expenditure has been declining, from 60.0% in 2001 to 28.8% in 2017.

　　In 1998, China began to establish basic medical insurance for urban workers. In 2003, a new rural cooperative medical system was established. In 2007, the basic medical insurance system for urban residents was established.

　　The financing and security level of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents has been greatly improved. In 2003, the per capita financing level of the new rural cooperative medical system was only in 30 yuan. In 2016, China integrated the medical insurance for urban residents with the new rural cooperative medical system. The per capita financial subsidy standard for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 420 yuan, and it was raised to 450 yuan in 2017. At the end of 2003, the population participating in the new rural cooperative medical system was 80 million; In 2008, the new rural cooperative medical system achieved full coverage, and the coverage rate of three basic medical insurance systems, namely, basic medical insurance for urban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical system, was 87%. In 2017, China has woven the world’s largest universal basic medical security network, with more than 1.3 billion people participating in the three basic medical insurance systems, and the participation rate is stable at over 95%.

　　In 2004, China established a national network direct reporting system for infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and the average reporting time of information was shortened from 5 days to 4 hours. At present, the infectious disease information reporting system covers nearly 71,000 medical institutions and has more than 160,000 users. A national, provincial, municipal and county-level laboratory testing network has been established, and laboratories such as influenza, polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis of China CDC have become reference laboratories of the World Health Organization. At present, China has the ability to detect more than 300 pathogens within 72 hours.

　　5.81 million

　　Poverty-stricken households returning to poverty due to illness realize poverty alleviation.

　　Health poverty alleviation "roots out the disease", and comprehensively implement the three-year attack on health poverty alleviation.

　　Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease with high incidence in western pastoral areas, and it is also one of the diseases with the heaviest economic burden for farmers and herdsmen. In Gemeng Township, shiqu county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the Nize family of three had suffered from echinococcosis. Two years ago, his daughter was transferred to the state people’s hospital for free surgery, and he and his wife also received free medication. The whole family did not spend a penny on treatment. Now, their health has improved, and Nize can work in the fields again.

　　In order to make the poor people "see the disease, see the disease, and see the disease well", on the basis of approving the poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness in rural areas, China has made precise policies and classified treatments in accordance with the principles of centralized treatment of a batch of serious diseases, contract service management of a batch of chronic diseases, and protection of a batch of serious diseases, effectively reducing the number of people who are poor due to illness and returning to poverty due to illness, and making progress in health poverty alleviation. At present, 5.81 million poverty-stricken households in China have been lifted out of poverty due to illness, and the progress is basically synchronized with the overall progress of poverty-stricken households in the country.

　　In 2012, China began to pilot the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents. By the end of 2016, the serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents was fully promoted to achieve full coverage. At present, it has covered 1.05 billion urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance participants.

　　Since 2016, China has implemented a tilted medical security policy for the poor, and the deductible line of the new rural cooperative medical insurance for serious illness has been reduced by 50%, and the proportion of reimbursement for hospitalization expenses within the policy has increased by more than 5 percentage points; Special medical security measures were taken for the poor. In 2017, the average out-of-pocket proportion of medical expenses for the poor nationwide was 16%, down by 27 percentage points from 2016.

　　For seriously ill patients, nine kinds of serious diseases, such as congenital heart disease and leukemia in children, have been selected as the first batch of special treatments for treating diseases, and 189,000 people have been treated so far; For patients with chronic diseases, priority has been given to the implementation of family doctor contract services to provide standardized management and health services for key chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes; For seriously ill patients, implement the government’s bottom-up safeguard measures. By the end of 2017, 8.04 million of the 8.49 million poor people who had been verified to be in need of treatment had been admitted to hospital or enjoyed contract services, covering nearly 95% of patients with serious diseases and chronic diseases.

　　In July this year, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office announced that in the next three years, they will take unconventional measures to comprehensively implement the three-year attack on poverty alleviation through health, and resolutely do not let health problems become a "roadblock" for people to get rich and run a well-off life. China will focus on deep poverty-stricken areas and weak links in health care services, increase policy supply and input support, innovate systems and transformation mechanisms, combine prevention and control, and move forward the barriers to ensure that poor people enjoy basic medical and health services and prevent poverty due to illness and return to poverty due to illness.

　　Nowadays, informatization has been deeply integrated into all aspects of China’s economy, society and science and technology, and has become one of the important driving forces for national development. The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader regards the agricultural revolution, industrial revolution and information revolution as three eras: "The agricultural revolution has enhanced the survival ability of mankind and made mankind move from barbarism to civilized society. The industrial revolution expanded human physical strength and replaced manpower with machines. The information revolution has enhanced human brain power and brought about another qualitative leap in productivity. " On February 27th, 2014, the Central Leading Group for Cyber Security and Informatization was established, which fully reflected that the CPC Central Committee attached great importance to cyber information work.

　　China is a cyber power and one of the countries facing the most serious cyber security threats. In order to improve the level of information security, a series of special information security laws and regulations have been promulgated at the national level, such as Regulations on the Security Protection of Computer Information Systems, Administrative Measures for the Prevention and Control of Computer Viruses, and Administrative Measures for the Protection of Information Security Levels. The Cyber Security Law of the People’s Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the Cyber Security Law), which came into effect on June 1, 2017, belongs to the same rank as the previous National Security Law and the Anti-Terrorism Law, and is of milestone significance for establishing the basic management system of national cyber security. The "Network Security Law" attaches great importance to the linkage mechanism of information security, and emphasizes that the national network information department should co-ordinate and coordinate network operators, industry organizations, key information infrastructure operators and other related parties to jointly do a good job in monitoring, early warning and emergency response of network threats.

　　At 20: 00 on May 12th, WannaCry ransomware broke out all over the world. Once infected with this worm variant, important data files of the system will be encrypted and a high bitcoin ransom will be extorted. Within 5 hours, the attack covered nearly 100 countries and regions including the United States, China and Europe. Within 72 hours, more than 200,000 computers in more than 150 countries and regions have been recruited, and the affected areas include government departments, medical services, public transportation, postal services, communications, and automobile manufacturing.

　　The reason why this virus attack is so harmful is that it uses the "Eternal Blue" network attack tool. Eternal Blue is just one of the 12 cyber weapons released by NSA (National Security Agency) after its recent theft. According to Snowden, there were more than 1,000 such weapons in 2013. Therefore, it can be said with certainty that similar cyber attacks will happen again in the future, which will have an overall impact on China’s network security. In order to effectively attack such "national cyber threats", China should further build a new national information security linkage mechanism under the guidance of the Cyber Security Law.

　　First, to achieve rapid linkage with the goal of "golden 24 hours".

　　In earthquake rescue, 72 hours after the earthquake is called the prime time of rescue. According to statistics, the relationship between rescue time and survival rate after Tangshan earthquake is: 99.3% within half an hour, 81.0% on the first day, 33.7% on the second day, 36.7% on the third day, then it drops to 19.0% on the fourth day and only 7.4% on the fifth day.

　　Network attack tools developed by professional hackers often take advantage of Oday vulnerabilities, so they can be widely spread and destroyed in a short time. However, this kind of large-scale attack will inevitably attract the attention of information security professional organizations, and generally the corresponding solutions can be found within 24-48 hours. Therefore, the key to deal with the "national cyber threat" lies in whether we can seize the "golden 24 hours".

　　The premise of grasping the "golden 24 hours" is to clarify the identification standard of "national cyber threat". Article 51 of the Cyber Security Law stipulates: "The State establishes a network security monitoring, early warning and information notification system. The national network information department shall co-ordinate and coordinate relevant departments to strengthen the collection, analysis and notification of network security information, and uniformly release network security monitoring and early warning information in accordance with regulations. " Launching the emergency measures of "national cyber threat" not only involves a wide range, but also costs a lot to mobilize. Only after the "national cyber threat" is given a clear technical standard can the network security organization test and identify the new threat according to the standard, and report it to the national cyber information department according to the preliminary identified threat level according to the corresponding process.

????Second, with the goal of "end-to-end process", realize the whole process of getting through to the user’s desktop.

　　In the domestic units attacked by WannaCry, most of them have made emergency plans for network security and conducted drills. There are three main reasons why they failed to play their due role: First, the concept is backward, thinking that "nothing will happen with the physical isolation of the intranet", and only taking some temporary measures to cope with the superior inspection, the information security management has not really been put in place; Second, there is a lack of "cross-level" standard process, and there are many decision-making levels, which leads to slow response. Two days after the national network information department has publicly issued an emergency notice, some units still failed to take countermeasures, resulting in unnecessary losses.

　　"End-to-end process" means "starting from the customer demand side and going to meet the customer demand side". Corresponding to the information security linkage mechanism, it is from the discovery of network threats to the completion of the security deployment of each user’s desktop.

　　Article 53 of the Network Security Law stipulates: "The national network information department coordinates relevant departments to establish and improve the network security risk assessment and emergency work mechanism, formulate emergency plans for network security incidents, and organize drills regularly." In order to deal with the "national cyber threat", we should formulate a "national chess game" cyber security emergency plan, including government agencies at all levels, important enterprises and institutions and colleges and universities. After confirming the "national cyber threat", the traditional information transmission mode of "layer by layer communication and decision-making" is no longer adopted, but the front-line network security and operation and maintenance personnel who have filed in advance can get relevant information as soon as possible by means of flat process and informatization, so as to quickly start targeted measures. Because "national cyber threat" is very rare, in order to ensure that the emergency plan can effectively play an "end-to-end" role, we should further strengthen the "actual combat drill", take the low-threat Oday vulnerability as an example, start national emergency measures, and conduct spot checks on the implementation of relevant units.

????Third, with the goal of "capacity sharing", realize the great synergy of network security forces.

　　Complex application software, such as Windows operating system, often has hundreds of millions of lines of code, and logical loopholes are inevitable. Hacker organizations in various countries often trade Oday vulnerabilities and cyber weapons through the Internet, which has achieved "great collaboration" in a sense. For example, the "eternal blue" used in this WannaCry attack was released on the Internet as a free trial by the hacker organization "Shadow Brokers" in order to sell other cyber weapons stolen from NSA at a high price.

　　In order to counter the great cooperation of hackers from various countries, it is necessary to further strengthen the cooperation of domestic network security forces. Article 39 of the Network Security Law stipulates: "Promote the sharing of network security information among relevant departments, operators of key information infrastructure, relevant research institutions and network security service institutions". After the WannaCry attack, most domestic security companies have released their own security patches in a short time, but there are still some differences in response time and protection effect. If a reasonable technology sharing and interest incentive mechanism can be established, when the "national cyber threat" occurs again, the domestic cyber security forces will be able to achieve a faster and more effective response.

　　In addition to the emergency response after the attack, a more active strategy is to find the potential loopholes of ODA before robbing hackers, and to change the thinking mode from "mending after death" to "preparing for a rainy day" and from "pure defense" to "attacking to promote defense", so as to finally realize the great synergy between "cyber attack" and "cyber defense". Article 16 of the Network Security Law stipulates that "the State Council and the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government should make overall plans, increase investment, support key network security technology industries and projects, and support the research, development and application of network security technology". The network attack and defense shooting range is the key to "attack to promote defense". By providing a simulated network attack and defense environment, "white hat hackers" are encouraged to find and block network vulnerabilities before malicious attacks by real hackers. Because most government agencies and national defense military units in China use physically isolated intranets, it is of great significance to build a network shooting range based on classified networks for national security. By making our security defense system and independent application software tested in actual combat, we can speed up the discovery and repair of vulnerabilities, and form a certain degree of "information fog" for external hackers, increasing the difficulty and complexity of their attacks.

　　With the outbreak of artificial intelligence technology, the "great synergy" between machine intelligence and human brain intelligence has become the development trend of network security in the future. Since 2013, DARPA (National Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) of the United States has launched the Cyber Grand Challenge (CGC). The participating teams are all composed of computers. Without any human intervention, they can automatically identify system defects and vulnerabilities in real time, and automatically complete patching and system defense. In August 2016, at —Defcon CTF, the world’s top event in information security, the winner of CGC, Mayhem Machine Team, staged a man-machine hacking battle with fourteen human teams, and once surpassed two human teams. Artificial intelligence can continuously scan system defects or vulnerabilities faster and more effectively than human teams, and improve the ability to quickly repair these program defects in billions of lines of code. However, due to the lack of human flexibility, it is unable to automatically detect logical vulnerabilities, unable to cope with many more subtle attacks initiated by human hackers, and has a certain probability of causing information security accidents (such as confidential information leakage, server downtime, important file deletion, etc.). Therefore, the future development trend is to promote the collaborative work between AI and human beings, filter out most suspicious information on the network through artificial intelligence systems, and greatly reduce the number of potential threats that need to be dealt with by human experts.

　　The Cyber Security Law is an important embodiment of the country’s overall security concept, which will certainly improve citizens’ awareness of cyber security in an all-round way, and make China’s network safer, more open, more convenient and more dynamic on the basis of ensuring the national interests and the vital interests of the people! (Deng Hu, Institute of Computer Application, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Tian Zhihong, Secretary-General of the Competition and Evaluation Exercise Committee of China Cyberspace Security Association)

Since March 30th, based on the pilot work in Liaoning, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan, Guangdong, Sichuan and Shaanxi provinces in 2022, China Meteorological Bureau has carried out the adjustment of rainstorm warning signals in an all-round way. China Meteorological News specially selected pilot units to explore and form a series of good practices and experiences for centralized display, with a view to promoting exchanges and promoting improvement.

Liaoning: Strengthening the scientificity of rainstorm warning signal

Liaoning Meteorological Bureau will incorporate the pilot work of rainstorm warning signal adjustment into the key task of "Quality Improvement Year" in 2022, and deploy it quickly and carry it out in a down-to-earth manner. On April 15, 2022, a leading group and a technical group were set up, followed by a work kick-off meeting and technical seminar, and a work plan and technical plan were issued. By comprehensively considering the characteristics of rainstorm weather and climate, urban meteorological disaster prevention and mitigation needs, Shenyang, Dandong, Jinpu New District of Dalian, Xiuyan Manchu Autonomous County of Anshan, Changtu County of Tieling and Jianping County of Chaoyang were finally selected as pilots to promote the integrated adjustment of rainstorm early warning business in the whole province.

In the adjustment of rainstorm warning signal, the meteorological department of Liaoning Province has constructed a historical rainfall data set with high temporal and spatial resolution. Carry out the analysis of the historical extreme value characteristics of short-term heavy rainfall times and hourly rainfall intensity in each pilot; Based on percentile statistical method, the characteristics of maximum rainfall intensity in each pilot hour are analyzed. Calculate the occurrence probability of the newly added hourly rain intensity warning standard; Each pilot and the local disaster prevention linkage unit meet the needs, find problems, revise and improve, and carry out evaluation; Docking local meteorological disaster prevention plans to better play the leading role of early warning information; Add meteorological risk warning in the release content of early warning signal and improve the defense guide; Accurately describe the release time, disaster type, early warning signal level, actual situation and development trend, influence scope, and the influence area is as fine as township (town, street).

After the inspection in the flood season of 2022, the adjusted rainstorm warning signal is scientific and practical. Taking Dandong as an example, after the standard adjustment, the number of early warning signals decreased by 14% on average compared with the past three years, and there was no "disaster without early warning"; The average number of people transferred from threatened areas decreased by 3091 compared with 2009 to 2021; The direct economic losses caused by meteorological disasters decreased by 86% compared with the same period in 2021, effectively saving the related manpower, material resources and financial resources caused by a large number of transferred personnel.

In the next step, the Liaoning Meteorological Bureau will investigate the application benefits of the revised rainstorm warning signal in disaster prevention and mitigation for local party committees and governments and disaster-related industry authorities; Make full use of the experience of pilot cities and counties, comprehensively carry out the adjustment of rainstorm early warning signals in cities and counties in the province, and divide four regions to adjust rainstorm early warning signals in combination with the characteristics of precipitation and disasters and the characteristics of meteorological support services in big cities; Evaluate the quality of the new standard rainstorm warning signal, and compare and analyze the number, accuracy, advance and effectiveness of rainstorm warning signals issued by cities and counties before and after the revision of the standard. (Ma Donglei Cai Kuizhi Sun Xiubo)

Hunan:Integrated rainstorm early warning service

On the basis of the original progressive early warning service model, in 2022, Hunan Meteorological Bureau selected Changsha City, Jiahe County of Chenzhou City, Anhua County of Yiyang City, Xiangyin County of Yueyang City and hongjiang city as pilots in accordance with the requirements of "multi-level collaboration and pilot first", and combined with more than 20 disaster-related industry authorities, adopted the working method of "pilot, application and improvement" to promote the pilot work in an integrated way; By improving the early warning business chain and early warning signal standards, the "631" progressive rainstorm early warning service will be innovated to help improve the defense and support capabilities of major meteorological disasters.

Hunan Meteorological Bureau subdivided the rainstorm warning in cities and counties into early warning signals and impending disaster warnings, and added the standards of one-hour rainfall intensity and accumulated rainfall, including clarifying the responsibilities of rainstorm warning signals and impending disaster warnings, and formulating the standards of rainstorm impending disaster warnings, which solved the problem of "who to transfer and when to transfer" and the disastrous problems of one-hour rainfall intensity and accumulated rainfall. By comparing and analyzing the rainstorm warning signals issued by pilot cities and counties in 2021 and 2022, it is found that the accuracy of early warning signals in pilot cities and counties can basically remain unchanged, and the advance of early warning signals is greatly improved.

Adjust the release standard of rainstorm warning signal, including canceling rainstorm blue warning signal, adjusting rainstorm orange warning signal standard, increasing rainstorm warning signal upgrade standard and increasing thunderstorm gale warning signal. The Provincial Meteorological Observatory releases the forecast of rainstorm falling area accurately to the county in the next 12 hours every 6 hours, and replaces the blue warning signal, which effectively improves the ability of the city and county meteorological bureaus to issue blue warning signals, and solves the problems of too many orange warning signals of rainstorm, low start-up conditions of emergency linkage, and the disaster caused by continuous heavy rainfall.

Optimizing the content and strategy of rainstorm warning signal release, including formulating rainstorm warning signal content templates according to initial release, continuous release and upgrade release respectively, and refining the recipients of warning signals according to their level responsibilities and industries, is beneficial for flood control responsible persons at all levels to accurately understand the content of warning information and comprehensively grasp the flood control situation. According to the analysis of the release of rainstorm warning signals in 2021, all users received a total of 3546 rainstorm warning signals before the strategy adjustment, and only 267 key decision-making users need to receive them after the adjustment, and the number of rainstorm warning signals received before and after the adjustment decreased by 92.5%.

In the next step, Hunan Meteorological Bureau will further improve the integrated platform of meteorological disaster early warning service and the early warning signal inspection and evaluation system in Hunan Province, and organize the implementation and evaluation in the whole province. (Dai shuairu)

Zhejiang:Explore the scientific connection of "early, accurate and fast"

Since China Meteorological Bureau identified Zhejiang as the pilot of rainstorm warning signal adjustment in April, 2022, Zhejiang Meteorological Bureau has made a plan by comprehensively considering the impact characteristics of meteorological disasters, and selected Xiaoshan District of Hangzhou, Haishu District of Ningbo, Pingyang County of Wenzhou, Xinchang County of Shaoxing and Jiangshan City as the pilots to carry out the pilot work of localization release of rainstorm warning signals based on the new standards.

According to the problem-oriented principle, the newly revised rainstorm warning signal fully considers the significant impact of short-duration heavy rainfall, and incorporates the one-hour rainfall intensity standard into the threshold standard, while adding a 12-hour threshold standard for the long-term stable systematic precipitation impact. In addition, the warning time limit of high-level rainstorm warning signal was extended from 3 hours to 12 hours. The formulation of the new standard fully applies the comprehensive risk survey results of meteorological disasters, and adopts the opinions of relevant departments such as agriculture, rural areas, water conservancy and emergency management, highlighting the disastrous rainstorm process that needs to be focused on prevention.

By the end of last year, the accuracy of the pilot rainstorm warning signal was 86%, and there was no omission, with an early aging time of 112 minutes; The accuracy of thunderstorm gale warning signal is 44%, and the early aging time is 63 minutes. During the influence of Typhoon Meihua in 2022, Haishu Meteorological Bureau issued an orange rainstorm warning signal 557 minutes in advance by applying the new standard, effectively warning the typhoon persistent rainstorm, and winning time for emergency linkage of relevant departments and grassroots disaster prevention and mitigation.

In order to give full play to the role of early warning signal as a "starting gun", Zhejiang has comprehensively strengthened its early warning signal publishing technology, and the province’s short-term and imminent weather forecast and early warning business system has been put into operation, realizing the second-level push of early warning guidance information and fine delivery to townships (towns, streets). All pilot cities and counties have targeted early warning signals and called grass-roots grid workers.

Moreover, the meteorological department of Zhejiang Province insists on the overall planning of business platform construction, and through iterative upgrading of the integrated short-term and imminent business platform of provinces, cities and counties, it improves the seamless and digital short-term monitoring and early warning product system covering live-approaching-short-term-potential, and establishes an objective and intelligent business process for the production and release of fine early warning signals to townships (towns and streets) to realize automatic generation, convenient interaction, information collaboration and one-click distribution of early warning signals. The platform won the third prize of the first integrated platform for short-term and imminent forecasting and early warning services of provinces, cities and counties in China Meteorological Bureau.

In the next step, the meteorological department of Zhejiang Province will continue to promote the adjustment and optimization of early warning signals, improve the inspection and evaluation mechanism of early warning signals, and build more scientific early warning signal indicators based on terrain and climate characteristics; At the same time, we will further improve the intelligence level of the integrated short-term and imminent forecasting and early warning business platform of provinces, cities and counties, and continue to promote and improve the emergency linkage mechanism with early warning signals as the guide. (Edward Zhang)

Guangdong:Optimize and adjust the publishing standards, terms and contents.

Xinyi City, Guangdong Province experienced a heavy precipitation process from June 7 to 11, 2022, with the maximum cumulative rainfall of 515mm and the maximum daily rainfall of 209mm. There were 33 landslides and no casualties.

This is the result of the adjustment of Xinyi rainstorm warning signal, and the rain intensity of one hour is included in the early warning standard, nearly 30 minutes earlier than usual; The rainstorm warning language is more standardized and more people-friendly, and disaster prevention and mitigation workers at all levels can read the warning information in the first time and carry out their work quickly and pertinently.

Based on the characteristics of Guangdong’s "rain nest", rainstorm-prone areas and highly sensitive areas of meteorological disasters, Guangdong Meteorological Bureau selected four representative cities and counties, including Shenzhen, Longmen County of Huizhou City, Xinyi City and Huilai County of Jieyang City, as the pilot projects for the accurate release of rainstorm warning signals in Guangdong, and carried out the adjustment of meteorological disaster (rainstorm) warning signals in the whole province from three aspects: release standards, release terms and release contents.

By calculating the historical data of the past 18 years, combined with the results of meteorological disaster risk survey in pilot cities and counties, the release thresholds of rainstorm warning signals at yellow, orange and red levels corresponding to one-hour rainfall intensity are determined. The frequency of issuing early warning signals by using the new threshold in the past ten years was analyzed. At the same time, compared with the release of rainstorm early warning signals in 2021 and 2022, the release advance was generally 5 to 15 minutes earlier.

After the early warning signal business was revised in 2019, and the release rules were formulated, the Guangdong Meteorological Bureau standardized the basic composition and release unit of the early warning signal release content. This year, the risk warning content will be added in the early warning signal that goes to villages and towns and high-impact and high-risk early warning; Further standardize the language through the functions of modular editing and combination in the early warning signal publishing platform; Analyzing examples of training early warning signals to improve the effectiveness of early warning signal release terms.

Guangdong Meteorological Bureau has formulated detailed defense guidelines for the public and industry, and given short impact and disaster risk reminders in the release content of early warning signals. The Guangdong Meteorological Bureau and the Guangdong Provincial Department of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Notice on Establishing and Improving the Cooperative Working Mechanism for Building Sites to Respond to Meteorological Disasters such as Thunderstorms, Gales and Rainstorms; The Shenzhen Meteorological Bureau, together with the Municipal Emergency Management Bureau and the Water Affairs Bureau, issued the Guidelines for Public Defense of Meteorological Disasters in Shenzhen, etc., and supplemented the high-impact risk tips for various districts and major industry authorities; Huizhou and Jieyang signed a suspension mechanism with many departments according to the regulations on early warning signal release, and made clear the industry defense suggestions. (Qu Fengqiu Zhang Xingling Lai Jianming)

Sichuan:Standard adjustment has strong connotation and heavy effect.

Sichuan Meteorological Bureau has carried out the problem-oriented adjustment of meteorological disaster (rainstorm) early warning signal, focusing on solving the problems that the unified standard of early warning signal is not suitable for local disaster prevention and mitigation needs, and the terminology is not standardized.

Sichuan Meteorological Bureau issued a work plan for the adjustment of meteorological disaster (rainstorm) early warning signals in the whole province, set up a leading group and a technical group for the adjustment of early warning signals, and extensively collected opinions and suggestions from cities (states) and provincial departments in the whole province. On the basis of fully considering the impact of urban waterlogging, mountain torrents, geological disasters, floods in small and medium-sized rivers and other disasters that may be caused by short-term heavy rainfall, the technical team established the threshold standard for fine zoning of rainstorm warning signals. The division of rainstorm warning signals in Sichuan Province was adjusted from two to three, and the rainstorm warning signal standards in Xuanying area of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Panzhihua City and Aba Tibetan and Qiang Autonomous Prefecture were added, and the hourly rainfall thresholds of rainstorm warning signals in three divisions were established to enhance the early warning of short-term heavy precipitation. The adjusted new standard of rainstorm warning signal is more in line with the standards of geological disaster risk and flood disaster risk.

Not only that, the pilot cities and counties used the phased results of the comprehensive risk survey of local meteorological disasters and solicited opinions from local departments, and established new standards for the territorial release of rainstorm warning signals.

In August 2022, a new standard for localization of rainstorm warning signals was officially launched. The new standards are integrated into local emergency plans to effectively improve departmental linkage. In the early warning services of heavy precipitation weather processes such as "August 28" in Suzhou and "August 29" in Jintang, the hourly rainfall standard was added and the warning signal level was upgraded in time, which achieved good service results. After the rainstorm warning signal reaches the township, the rainstorm warning advance of the pilot cities and counties will be increased by 5 minutes.

In order to improve the ability of accurate targeted release, Sichuan Meteorological Bureau also cooperated deeply with the Emergency Broadcasting Center of Sichuan Radio and Television Bureau, upgraded and improved the "Meteorological Service System for Key Industries" based on the "Early Warning Service Platform for Grassroots Meteorological Disasters in Sichuan Province", and realized early warning targeted release based on electronic fence technology by docking with the big data platform of mobile companies.

In the next step, Sichuan Meteorological Bureau will continue to carry out the calculation and objective evaluation of the new standard of rainstorm warning signal, and further improve the scientific and operability of the new standard. At the same time, by promoting the research of provincial short-term and imminent forecasting and early warning technology, speeding up the construction of grassroots meteorological disaster early warning service platform in Sichuan Province, and strengthening the research and development of objective early warning signal products with new localization standards, the support for grassroots short-term and imminent forecasting and early warning will be improved. (Zhou Tianhua Wang Yue)

Anhui:Data first support targeted release

A few days ago, the Anhui Provincial Emergency Management Department sent a thank-you letter to the Provincial Meteorological Bureau, saying that the Provincial Meteorological Bureau has continuously strengthened the monitoring, early warning and forecasting of severe weather, providing a solid meteorological service guarantee for safe production and emergency management. Huang Yong, director of Science, Technology and Forecasting Department of Anhui Meteorological Bureau, said that in the past year, the phenomenon of "flooding" of meteorological disaster warning signals was significantly reduced through the pilot work of adjusting rainstorm warning signals, and the pertinence and effectiveness of early warning information were further enhanced.

Business reform, data first. Anhui Meteorological Bureau constructed historical rainfall data sets of national meteorological stations and regional meteorological stations with different aging. The accumulated rainfall data sets and grading threshold data sets of rolling stations for 1 hour, 3 hours, 6 hours and 12 hours are established. At the same time, based on the rainstorm disaster data questionnaire of 105 counties (cities, districts) in the province from 1978 to 2020, the rainstorm disaster risk data set of the whole province is constructed.

In view of the difference of rainstorm disasters caused by different climatic backgrounds in mountainous areas and non-mountainous areas, Anhui Meteorological Bureau calculated the grading thresholds of 1-hour and 6-hour rainfall respectively by using statistical methods such as percentile, forming a new rainstorm warning signal standard. Based on the results of storm disaster risk survey, according to the difference of storm disaster risk between mountainous and non-mountainous areas, a new standard of rainstorm early warning signal is formed to distinguish mountainous and non-mountainous areas, so that the defense work is more targeted; Combine all kinds of meteorological disasters caused by short-term heavy precipitation, hail, tornado and other strong convective weather as strong convective disasters, formulate early warning and early warning signal standards for strong convective disasters, and realize targeted release of early warning information to towns and villages.

Since the launch of the new threshold standard, the average release times of rainstorm warning signals in pilot cities and counties have decreased by 79% compared with the past three years, and the average release times of severe convective weather warning signals have decreased by 93%. The early warning signal realizes accurate targeted release, and the average production and release time is reduced by 9 minutes. After the pilot cities and counties adopted the new early warning signal publishing platform, the error-free proportion of early warning signals increased from 99.7% to 100%, and the proportion of fine early warning signals to villages and towns increased from 94% to 99.8%.

Looking forward to the future, Anhui Meteorological Bureau will strengthen the collection of feedback effect and the inspection and analysis of the old and new early warning threshold standards, and further revise the release standards; In-depth cooperation with the competent departments of disaster-related industries, docking the contents of early warning and early warning signals such as heavy rain and strong convection into meteorological disaster prevention laws and regulations and local government emergency plans; At the same time, the "cloud+terminal" digital intelligent idea is applied to optimize the early warning business process, improve the integrated platform of short-term and imminent forecasting in provinces, cities and counties, and enhance the standardization of early warning business. (Wang Bing Li Yuanni)

Shaanxi:Multi-level linkage adds new impetus to early warning service

Shaanxi Meteorological Bureau put forward the working goal of "reflecting the characteristics of heavy rain in the north and south, highlighting the early warning threshold of rain intensity, constructing fine early warning strategy and smoothly transitioning the old and new standards", and according to the working idea of "scientific formulation at the provincial level, actual revision at the municipal level and trial improvement at the county level", four pilot cities, including Yan ‘an, Baoji, Hanzhong and Xi ‘an, were selected to set up a joint technical team of provinces and cities to develop new threshold standards for early warning signals of heavy rain.

According to the results of meteorological disaster risk survey in three major terrain areas and big cities, the pilot municipal bureau has formed a new standard system of rainstorm warning signals by geographical region, rainfall type and disaster impact, formulated supporting refined release terms and strategies, and set up "one county, one policy" risk warning terms and defense guidelines that reflect the differences between urban and rural areas and geographical conditions.

At present, Shaanxi has successfully completed the adjustment and pilot release of rainstorm warning signal standards, highlighting the four characteristics of rainstorm and secondary disasters in Shaanxi. The threshold standards of 12-hour, 6-hour and 3-hour reflect the overall equivalent characteristics of precipitation in the rainstorm process in the three regions of North, South and Central China. The 1-hour threshold standard reflects the ladder-like characteristics of the disaster-bearing capacity of extreme rainfall intensity in the north, south and central regions; The threshold standard of continuous rain reflects the actual situation that the intensity of autumn rain is moderate but lasts for a long time and the risk of disaster is high. The threshold standard of rainstorm in big cities in Xi ‘an is connected with the standard of waterlogging intensity in municipal departments.

Not only that, the pilot work has also formulated a refined early warning signal release template, adding early warning terms and defense guidelines for different geographical environments. At the same time, the new standard adds a one-hour threshold standard to fill the gap of short-term rainstorm warning; Increase the content of risk warning and strengthen the pertinence of disaster early warning; Distinguishing the release terms of different township early warning levels has strengthened the directivity of disaster response. Grass-roots government departments generally said that accurate and meticulous meteorological early warning provided a strong guarantee for the county flood control headquarters to carry out targeted emergency work, especially in guiding relevant towns and villages to carry out emergency evacuation work.

In the future, Shaanxi Province will continue to strengthen grass-roots business personnel’s application study of national scientific and technological achievements, research and development of provincial short-term and imminent forecasting technology and upgrade of business systems, further adjust the workflow of early warning signal release and dissemination, continuously improve and develop the linkage mechanism between local departments, and carry out popular science propaganda of new standard rainstorm warning signals and declaration of local standards. (Tang yukun)

(Editor: Zhang Lin)