Nanchang Shouyi gave birth to a new army to celebrate the workers and peasants.

　　On August 1, 1927, a gunshot at the head of Nanchang City opened the prelude to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s independent leadership of China’s revolutionary armed struggle. Above: Oil painting reflecting Nanchang Uprising, collected in August 1st Nanchang Uprising Memorial Hall.

　　Nanchang Uprising has an extremely important position in the history of China revolution, which can be described as an immortal monument of China revolution.

　　Raising the military flag-the beginning of establishing the people’s army

　　Zhou Enlai said: "The first shot was the first shot of the August 1st Uprising." Zhu De once wrote a poem praising: "Nanchang first gave birth to a new army, and it was only when workers and peasants celebrated that there were soldiers." The Communist Party of China (CPC)’s own army began with the Nanchang Uprising. On August 1, 1927, a gunshot at the head of Nanchang City opened the prelude to the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s independent leadership of China’s revolutionary armed struggle, and a brand-new people’s army led by the Communist Party of China (CPC) was born.

　　Due to the special historical reasons at that time, the Nanchang Uprising still carried the banner of the Kuomintang leftist, and the uprising troops led by the Chinese Communist Party independently still used the army flag of the National Revolutionary Army. During the Autumn Harvest Uprising, Mao Zedong insisted that "we should hold high the flag of communist party". In the cruel reality, the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China further realized that it is necessary to give up the left flag of the Kuomintang and the army flag of the National Revolutionary Army and play its own flag. On August 18, 1927, the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China held a meeting to study and deploy the autumn harvest uprising in Hunan and Jiangxi. It was decided at the meeting that this uprising should be called and launched in the name of the Communist Party of China (CPC) openly and with the banner of workers and peasants armed formally displayed. Two days later, Mao Zedong reported to the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China on behalf of the Hunan Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China, and clearly pointed out: "When the workers, peasants and soldiers were in the Soviet Union, we should no longer fly the flag of the Kuomintang. We should fly communist party’s flag high, so as to be opposite to the Kuomintang’s flag played by Chiang Kai-shek, Tang, Feng and Yan. The Kuomintang flag has become the flag of the warlord, and only the communist party flag is the flag of the people. " In September, the officers and men of the first division of the First Army of the Workers and Peasants Revolution held high the red flag with sickle, axe and five stars and held the famous autumn harvest uprising.

　　On June 30th, 1933, the Central Revolutionary Military Commission issued a proposal on deciding August 1st as the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants, pointing out: "On August 1st, 1927, a proletarian party, Nanchang Riot led by communist party, took place, which was the beginning of the anti-imperialist agrarian revolution and the source of the heroic Red Army of Workers and Peasants … To commemorate the Nanchang Riot and the founding of the Red Army, this committee decided to hold August 1st every year since 1933. On July 11th, the Provisional Central Government of chinese soviet republic made the Resolution on the August 1st Commemorative Movement and approved the proposal of the Central Revolutionary Military Commission. On August 1st, the military and civilians in the Central Soviet Area launched a wide range of activities to commemorate "August 1st". From 1933, the Nanchang Uprising Day-August 1st became the anniversary of the founding of the Chinese Red Army of Workers and Peasants and the Army Day of the China People’s Liberation Army.

　　Brilliant Starting Point —— The Great Opening of Establishing China Marxism

　　Nanchang Uprising is a new starting point for the Communist Party of China (CPC) to understand the extreme importance of armed struggle. In the early days of the founding of the Party, the Communist Party of China (CPC) didn’t know enough about the extreme importance of armed struggle. As Mao Zedong said: "The revolution failed and learned a painful lesson, so there were Nanchang Uprising, Autumn Harvest Uprising and Guangzhou Uprising, which entered a new era of creating the Red Army. This period is an extremely critical period for our party to thoroughly understand the importance of the army. " Chen Yi, who participated in the Nanchang Uprising, also pointed out: "The China Revolution was led independently by the working class in China, and the revolutionary armed struggle was the main revolutionary way, which began in Nanchang." The Nanchang Uprising first went down in history as the pioneer of the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s independent leadership of the revolutionary armed struggle and the beginning of the founding of the people’s army.

　　The Nanchang Uprising began to combine the armed struggle with the agrarian revolution, which opened the prelude to the agrarian revolutionary war. Nanchang Uprising is an armed uprising aimed at agrarian revolution, which was promoted by military force. On the eve of the uprising, the leading organs of the Front Committee met in Jiujiang to discuss the uprising program, and Zhou Enlai conveyed the central opinion that the agrarian revolution must be the main slogan. Since then, Nanchang Uprising has raised the banner of agrarian revolution. The Letter from He Long, Commander-in-Chief of the Second Front Army, pointed out: "The first mission of the China Revolution is to carry out the agrarian revolution". On the same day, the Revolutionary Committee formed by the rebel army announced that one of its programs in the recent period was to "continue to fight for solving the land problem". It can be seen that the Central Committee and the uprising leaders have made useful explorations on the program and specific policies of the agrarian revolution, which provided important reference for the in-depth development of the agrarian revolution and the formation of the agrarian revolution line. Although the wars were frequent and fluid, and there were no conditions for large-scale agrarian revolution, the rebels still carried out small-scale agrarian revolution in some places on their way south.

　　Nanchang Uprising also made the earliest exploration on the establishment of rural revolutionary base areas. On the eve of Nanchang Uprising, some leaders of our party have clearly put forward the idea of establishing revolutionary base areas in Guangdong and Dongjiang. After the victory of the uprising, in the face of powerful enemies, the uprising troops could not stand in Nanchang, and the rebel leaders once again put forward the idea of establishing a revolutionary base in Guangdong or Dongjiang. After the main force of the rebel army suffered heavy losses, the leaders of the CPC Central Committee and Nanchang Uprising summed up the experience and lessons in time, and further made it clear that the rebel army would go to the countryside, launch the peasant movement and carry out armed struggle. Finally, part of the uprising troops retreated to Hailufeng, and combined with the peasant movement led by Peng Pai to establish Hailufeng rural revolutionary base. The other part, led by Zhu De and Chen Yi, moved to western Fujian, northern Guangdong and southern Hunan, and later arrived in Jinggangshan to join forces with the autumn harvest uprising troops led by Mao Zedong, thus consolidating and developing the Jinggangshan revolutionary base area, thus creating a correct road for the China revolution of "encircling the city from the countryside and seizing power by armed forces". Therefore, the Nanchang Uprising and the establishment of Jinggangshan revolutionary base area are the great beginnings for our party to combine the basic principles of Marxism with the concrete practice of China revolution and create China-oriented Marxism.

　　Precious wealth-created the great August 1st spirit.

　　Great revolutionary practice will inevitably breed great revolutionary spirit; The rock-breaking Nanchang Uprising created the great August 1st spirit.

　　The heroic spirit of daring to struggle is the core of the spirit of August 1st. Nanchang Uprising broke out in the white terror and blood shed. In April and July, 1927, Chiang Kai-shek and Wang Ching-wei successively launched counter-revolutionary coups, brutally massacring communist party people and revolutionary masses, and at one time, corpses were everywhere and rivers of blood were flowing. However, as Mao Zedong said, "The people of the Communist Party of China (CPC) and China have not been intimidated, conquered or killed. They got up from the ground, wiped their blood, buried the bodies of their companions, and they continued to fight. They held high the banner of the revolution and held armed resistance. " The Nanchang Uprising fired the first shot of armed resistance against the Kuomintang reactionaries, and declared in the language of blood and fire the strong determination of the Communist Party of China (CPC) people not to be afraid of violence, sacrifice, stand up and dare to struggle in the face of white terror.

　　Adhering to the principle of listening to the party’s command is the soul of the spirit of August 1st. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader pointed out: "Building a people’s army that listens to the party’s command, can win battles and has a good style of work is the party’s goal of strengthening the army under the new situation. Listening to the party’s command is the soul and determines the political direction of army building. " The source of the people’s army listening to the party’s command came from the Nanchang Uprising. During the preparation and outbreak of Nanchang Uprising, the Committee of Former Enemies of the Communist Party of China, with Zhou Enlai as its secretary, adhered to the leadership of the Party and firmly grasped the political direction of the uprising troops, and became the strong leadership core of the uprising army. Ye Ting, Zhu De, Liu Bocheng, etc., the main military generals of the Rebel Army, especially He Long, who was not Communist party member at that time, resolutely obeyed the command of the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China, resolutely followed the party, dared to take responsibility, and persevered.

　　Unswerving ideals and beliefs are the quality of Bayi spirit. Strengthening ideals and beliefs and adhering to the spiritual pursuit of communist party people have always been the foundation for communist party people to settle down. Belief in Marxism, socialism and communism is the political soul of communist party people and the spiritual pillar for communist party people to stand any test. Zhou Enlai, Zhu De, He Long, Ye Ting and other leaders of the Nanchang Uprising all had firm socialist and communist ideals and beliefs. As the secretary of the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China, before and after the outbreak of the Nanchang Uprising, Zhou Enlai resolutely overcame many obstacles, which showed his firm belief in pursuing truth and selfless dedication. Even when the rebels were seriously frustrated when they went south, the older generation of revolutionaries remained firm in their ideals and beliefs. For example, He Long realized that "only Marxism-Leninism is the truth of saving the country and the people" long before the outbreak of the uprising, and joined the Communist Party of China (CPC) without hesitation when the rebel army was seriously frustrated when it went south. The next day, he announced to the officers and men: "I joined the party last night. What we did in the past was nothing more than helping the rich and the poor, helping the weak and restraining the strong, and vindicating the grievances of the people, but we couldn’t do anything big. Now I know that communism in communist party is to eliminate the evil society in which people eat people, others exploit people and others oppress people, and then to build a beautiful communist society. Everyone should be clear about this lofty goal and join the Communist Party of China (CPC). If you are willing to join the party, I will be an introducer. " After the defeat in Chaoshan, He Long was determined to make a revolution, and said firmly, "I will go through it. Let me go back to Xiangxi, I want to make a comeback! "He returned to Xiangxi through Hong Kong and Shanghai, founded the base area of western Hunan and Hubei, and formed the Red Army Corps. It can be said that it was the communist ideal and belief that led him to realize the transformation from an old soldier to an excellent communist party man. For another example, Zhu De, who made meritorious deeds in the uprising, faced with the emergency situation that the rebel army lost in the Chaoshan battle and its morale declined, he held a meeting of cadres at or above the platoon level in Tianxinxu, Anyuan County, Jiangxi Province to educate the revolutionary ideals and beliefs and delivered an impassioned speech. He said: "As we all know, the Great Revolution failed, and so did our uprising! But we still want revolution. Comrades, those who want revolution come with me, and those who don’t can go home, not reluctantly! " "However, everyone should see the future of the revolution clearly. The China Revolution in 1927 was like the Russian Revolution in 1905. After the defeat of the Russian revolution in 1905, it was dark, but the darkness was temporary. In 1917, the revolution finally succeeded. The China Revolution has failed now, and it is also dark, but the darkness is also temporary. China will also have a’ 1917′. As long as the strength is preserved, the revolution will have a way, and you should believe this. " Chen Yi later commented: "Commander-in-Chief Zhu pointed out a bright future in the darkest days, when the mood of the masses was as low as zero and frustrated, and increased the revolutionary belief of the masses. This is the greatness of the commander-in-chief." It is precisely because of the persistent pursuit of the communist ideal and the belief that China’s revolutionary cause will win, Zhu De and Chen Yi led the rest of the uprising to carry out the "three rectifications in southern Jiangxi" and held the southern Hunan uprising.Zhu Mao joined forces with Jinggangshan, thus opening a brand-new page of China revolution. (The author is Ji Qi, a distinguished researcher at Tianjin Socialism with Chinese characteristics Theoretical System Research Center and a professor at Tianjin University of Commerce.)