Detailed explanation of the adjustment method of online banking transaction limit of banks

In today’s digital financial era, online banking has become one of the important channels for people to handle financial business. However, for the sake of safety and risk control, banks usually set a certain limit for online banking transactions. It is necessary for users to know how to adjust this limit.

Different banks may have different ways to adjust online banking transaction limits, but in general, they can be divided into the following common ways:

1. Online banking self-service adjustment:

Most banks provide the self-service function of online banking. Users can log in to their online banking accounts and find the function of adjusting transaction limit in related settings or security management options. Usually, banks will require users to authenticate themselves, such as entering SMS verification code, dynamic password, etc., to ensure that the account itself is operating.

2. Handling at the bank counter:

Go to the bank’s business outlets and ask the counter staff to adjust the online banking transaction limit. You need to bring your valid ID card and bank card, and the staff will assist you with the relevant procedures.

3. Telephone banking adjustment:

Some banks support adjusting the transaction limit by calling customer service. After dialing the phone, follow the voice prompts, and you may need to enter bank card number, password and other information for identity verification.

The following is a comparison of online banking transaction limit adjustment methods of some common banks:

It should be noted that when adjusting the online banking transaction limit, the bank will determine the final adjustment range according to your account usage, risk assessment and other factors. At the same time, increasing the trading limit may increase certain risks, so users are advised to make reasonable adjustments according to their actual needs and risk tolerance.

In addition, different types of transactions, such as transfer, payment and shopping payment, may have different limit settings. When adjusting the limit, you should be clear about what kind of trading limit you need to adjust.

In a word, understanding and mastering the adjustment method of online banking transaction limit can better meet personal financial needs and ensure the safe and convenient use of funds.

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(2007yearfourmoonfiveDecreeNo. of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China492No. announcement　2019yearfourmoonthreeDecreeNo. of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China711No. revision)

Chapter I General Principles

the first　These Regulations are formulated in order to ensure that citizens, legal persons and other organizations obtain government information according to law, improve the transparency of government work, build a government ruled by law, and give full play to the service role of government information in people’s production, life and economic and social activities.

the second　The term "government information" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the information produced or obtained by administrative organs in the process of performing administrative functions, and recorded and preserved in a certain form.

Article　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership of government information disclosure.

The State Council General Office is the competent department in charge of the national government information disclosure, which is responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising the national government information disclosure.

The general office (office) of the local people’s government at or above the county level is the competent department of government information disclosure in this administrative region, and is responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising the government information disclosure in this administrative region.

The general office (room) of the department that implements vertical leadership is in charge of the government information disclosure of this system.

Article 4　People’s governments at all levels and people’s government departments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the system of government information disclosure of their administrative organs, and designate institutions (hereinafter referred to as government information disclosure institutions) to be responsible for the daily work of government information disclosure of their administrative organs.

The specific functions of government information disclosure institutions are:

(a) to handle the disclosure of government information of the administrative organ;

(two) to maintain and update the government information disclosed by this administrative organ;

(three) to organize the preparation of the administrative organ’s guide to government information disclosure, the catalogue of government information disclosure and the annual report on government information disclosure;

(four) to organize the review of the government information to be disclosed;

(five) other functions related to the disclosure of government information as prescribed by this administrative organ.

Article 5　The administrative organ shall, when disclosing government information, adhere to the principle of fairness, fairness, legality and convenience, with publicity as the norm and non-disclosure as the exception.

Article 6　The administrative organ shall timely and accurately disclose government information.

If an administrative organ finds false or incomplete information that affects or may affect social stability and disrupt social and economic management order, it shall issue accurate government information for clarification.

Article 7　People’s governments at all levels should actively promote the work of government information disclosure and gradually increase the content of government information disclosure.

Article 8　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the standardization, information management of government information resources, strengthen the construction of government information disclosure platform on the Internet, promote the integration of government information disclosure platform and government service platform, and improve the online processing level of government information disclosure.

Article 9　Citizens, legal persons and other organizations have the right to supervise the government information disclosure work of administrative organs and make criticisms and suggestions.

Chapter II Subject and Scope of Publicity

Article 10　Government information produced by an administrative organ shall be made public by the administrative organ that produced the government information. The government information obtained by the administrative organ from citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall be made public by the administrative organ that keeps the government information; The government information of other administrative organs obtained by administrative organs shall be made public by the administrative organ that produced or originally obtained the government information. Where laws and regulations have other provisions on the authority of government information disclosure, such provisions shall prevail.

If an agency or internal organization established by an administrative organ performs administrative functions in its own name in accordance with laws and regulations, the agency or internal organization may be responsible for the disclosure of government information related to the administrative functions performed.

Government information jointly produced by two or more administrative organs shall be made public by the administrative organ taking the lead.

Article 11　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the coordination mechanism of government information disclosure. If the disclosure of government information by an administrative organ involves other organs, it shall consult and confirm with the relevant organs to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the government information disclosed by the administrative organ.

If the disclosure of government information by administrative organs requires approval in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions of the state, it shall be made public after approval.

Article 12　The guide and catalogue of government information disclosure compiled and published by administrative organs shall be updated in a timely manner.

The guide to government information disclosure includes the classification, arrangement system, acquisition method of government information, and the name, office address, office hours, contact telephone number, fax number and internet contact information of the government information disclosure agency.

The catalogue of government information disclosure includes the index, name, content summary, generation date and other contents of government information.

Article 13　In addition to the government information stipulated in Articles 14, 15 and 16 of this Ordinance, the government information shall be made public.

The administrative organ shall disclose the government information voluntarily and according to the application.

Article 14　Government information determined as state secrets according to law, government information prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, and government information that may endanger national security, public security, economic security and social stability after disclosure shall not be disclosed.

Article 15　Government information involving business secrets, personal privacy and so on, the disclosure of which will damage the legitimate rights and interests of third parties, shall not be disclosed by administrative organs. However, if the third party agrees to make it public or the administrative organ thinks that the unfair meeting has a significant impact on the public interest, it shall be made public.

Article 16　The internal affairs information of administrative organs, including personnel management, logistics management, internal workflow and other aspects of information, can not be disclosed.

The process information such as discussion records, process drafts, consultation letters, request reports and administrative law enforcement file information formed by administrative organs in the process of performing administrative functions may not be made public. Where laws, regulations and rules stipulate that the above information shall be made public, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 17　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the government information disclosure review mechanism, and clarify the review procedures and responsibilities.

The administrative organ shall examine the government information to be disclosed in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Guarding State Secrets and other laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

If the administrative organ cannot determine whether the government information can be made public, it shall report it to the relevant competent department or the secrecy administrative department for determination in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

Article 18　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of government information management, regularly evaluate and review the government information that the administrative organ does not disclose, and disclose the government information that can be disclosed due to changes in the situation.

Chapter III Active Publicity

Article 19　The administrative organ shall take the initiative to disclose the government information that involves the adjustment of public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs the public to participate in decision-making.

Article 20　The administrative organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these regulations, voluntarily disclose the following government information of the administrative organ:

(1) Administrative regulations, rules and normative documents;

(two) the functions, organization, office address, office hours, contact information and the name of the person in charge;

(three) national economic and social development planning, special planning, regional planning and related policies;

(4) Statistical information on national economic and social development;

(five) the basis, conditions, procedures and results of handling administrative licensing and other external management services;

(six) the basis, conditions and procedures for the implementation of administrative punishment and administrative coercion, and the administrative punishment decision that this administrative organ considers to have certain social impact;

(seven) financial budget and final accounts information;

(eight) administrative fees and their basis and standards;

(nine) the catalogue, standards and implementation of centralized government procurement projects;

(ten) the approval and implementation of major construction projects;

(eleven) policies, measures and their implementation in poverty alleviation, education, medical care, social security and employment promotion;

(twelve) emergency plan, early warning information and response to public emergencies;

(thirteen) the supervision and inspection of environmental protection, public health, production safety, food and medicine, and product quality;

(fourteen) the positions, places, conditions and employment results of civil servants;

(fifteen) other government information that should be voluntarily disclosed by laws, regulations, rules and relevant provisions of the state.

Article 21　In addition to the government information specified in Article 20 of these regulations, the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels and their departments with districts shall, according to local specific conditions, voluntarily disclose government information related to municipal construction, public services, public welfare undertakings, land expropriation, housing expropriation, public security management, social assistance, etc. The township (town) people’s government should also take the initiative to openly implement government information on agricultural and rural policies, the construction and operation of irrigation and water conservancy projects, the transfer of rural land contractual management rights, the use of homesteads, land expropriation, housing expropriation, fund-raising and labor, social assistance, etc. according to local specific conditions.

Article 22　The administrative organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 and Article 21 of these regulations, determine the specific content of voluntary disclosure of government information, and continuously increase the content of voluntary disclosure according to the deployment of the higher administrative organ.

Article 23　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the government information release mechanism, and publicize the government information voluntarily through government gazette, government website or other Internet government media, press conference, newspapers, radio and television.

Article 24　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the work of publicizing government information by relying on government portals, and use a unified government information disclosure platform to release government information that is voluntarily disclosed. The government information disclosure platform should have the functions of information retrieval, consulting and downloading.

Article 25　People’s governments at all levels shall set up government information consulting places in national archives, public libraries and government service places, and provide corresponding facilities and equipment to facilitate citizens, legal persons and other organizations to obtain government information.

The administrative organ may, according to the needs, set up places and facilities such as public consulting rooms, information access points, information bulletin boards and electronic information screens to disclose government information.

The administrative organ shall provide the government information voluntarily disclosed to the National Archives and public libraries in a timely manner.

Article 26　The government information that belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure shall be from the date when the government information is formed or changed.twentyMake it public in time within working days. Where there are other provisions in laws and regulations on the time limit for the disclosure of government information, such provisions shall prevail.

Chapter IV Disclosure by Application

Article 27　In addition to the government information voluntarily disclosed by administrative organs, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may apply to local people’s governments at all levels and people’s government departments at or above the county level that perform administrative functions in their own names (including the dispatched offices and internal institutions as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 10 of these Regulations) for obtaining relevant government information.

Article 28　The administrative organ prescribed in Article 27 of these Regulations shall establish and improve the application channels for government information disclosure, and provide convenience for applicants to apply for access to government information according to law.

Article 29　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that apply for access to government information shall submit their applications to the government information disclosure agencies of administrative organs in written form including letters and data messages; If it is really difficult to use a written form, the applicant may make an oral proposal, and the government information disclosure agency that accepts the application will fill in the application for government information disclosure.

The application for government information disclosure shall include the following contents:

(1) The name, identity certificate and contact information of the applicant;

(two) the name and document number of the government information applied for disclosure or other characteristic descriptions that are convenient for administrative organs to inquire;

(three) the form requirements of the government information to be disclosed, including the ways and means of obtaining the information.

Article 30　If the content of the application for government information disclosure is not clear, the administrative organ shall give guidance and explanation, and from the date of receiving the application.sevenInform the applicant to make corrections at one time within working days, and explain the matters that need to be corrected and the reasonable time limit for correction. The time limit for reply shall be counted from the date when the administrative organ receives the application for correction. If the applicant fails to make corrections within the time limit without justifiable reasons, it shall be deemed as giving up the application, and the administrative organ will no longer handle the application for government information disclosure.

Article 31　The time when an administrative organ receives an application for government information disclosure shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) If the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure in person, the date of submission shall be the date of receipt of the application;

(two) if the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure by mail, the date of receipt by the administrative organ shall be the date of receipt of the application; Where an application for disclosure of government information is submitted by mail without receipt, such as ordinary letters, the government information disclosure agency shall confirm with the applicant on the day of receiving the application, and the date of confirmation shall be the day of receiving the application;

(3) If the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure through the Internet channel or the fax of the government information disclosure agency, the date of confirmation by both parties shall be the date of receipt of the application.

Article 32　If the disclosure of government information in accordance with the application will harm the legitimate rights and interests of third parties, the administrative organ shall solicit the opinions of the third parties in writing. The third party shall, from the date of receiving the request for comments,15Put forward opinions within working days. If the third party fails to make comments within the time limit, the administrative organ shall decide whether to make it public in accordance with the provisions of these regulations. If the third party does not agree to the disclosure with reasonable reasons, the administrative organ shall not disclose it. If the administrative organ believes that non-disclosure may have a significant impact on public interests, it may decide to make it public, and inform the third party in writing of the contents and reasons of the government information decided to make it public.

Article 33　If an administrative organ receives an application for government information disclosure and can reply on the spot, it shall reply on the spot.

If the administrative organ cannot reply on the spot, it shall, from the date of receiving the application.twentyGive a reply within working days; If it is necessary to extend the reply period, it shall be agreed by the person in charge of the government information disclosure work institution and inform the applicant, and the longest extension period shall not exceed.twentyWorking days.

The time required for an administrative organ to solicit opinions from third parties and other organs shall not be counted within the time limit specified in the preceding paragraph.

Article 34　Where the government information applied for disclosure is jointly produced by two or more administrative organs, the administrative organ leading the production may solicit the opinions of the relevant administrative organs after receiving the application for government information disclosure, and the organ consulted shall, from the date of receiving the solicitation opinions.15Put forward opinions within working days, and those who fail to put forward opinions within the time limit shall be deemed to agree to the disclosure.

Article 35　The number and frequency of the applicant’s application for disclosure of government information obviously exceed the reasonable range, and the administrative organ may require the applicant to explain the reasons. If the administrative organ considers that the application reason is unreasonable, it shall inform the applicant not to handle it; If the administrative organ considers that the application reason is reasonable, but it is unable to reply to the applicant within the time limit stipulated in Article 33 of these regulations, it may determine a reasonable time limit for delaying the reply and inform the applicant.

Article 36　The administrative organ shall make a reply to the application for government information disclosure according to the following circumstances:

(1) If the information applied for has been voluntarily disclosed, inform the applicant of the ways and means to obtain the government information;

(2) If the information applied for is open, provide the applicant with the government information, or inform the applicant of the way, way and time to obtain the government information;

(three) if the administrative organ decides not to make it public according to the provisions of these regulations, it shall inform the applicant that it will not make it public and explain the reasons;

(4) If there is no public information applied for after retrieval, inform the applicant that the government information does not exist;

(5) Inform the applicant and explain the reasons if the information applied for is not disclosed by the administrative organ; If the administrative organ responsible for disclosing the government information can be determined, inform the applicant of the name and contact information of the administrative organ;

(six) the administrative organ has made a reply to the applicant’s application for the disclosure of government information, and the applicant has repeatedly applied for the disclosure of the same government information, and informed the applicant not to repeat the treatment;

(seven) the information applied for public information belongs to industrial and commercial, real estate registration information and other information, and the relevant laws and administrative regulations have special provisions on the acquisition of information, and inform the applicant to handle it in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 37　If the information applied for disclosure contains contents that should not be disclosed or do not belong to government information, but can be treated differently, the administrative organ shall provide the applicant with the contents of government information that can be disclosed, and explain the reasons for the contents that should not be disclosed.

Article 38　The information provided by the administrative organ to the applicant shall be the government information that has been produced or obtained. Except in accordance with the provisions of article 37 of these regulations, if it is necessary for the administrative organ to process and analyze the existing government information, the administrative organ may not provide it.

Article 39　Where the applicant conducts letters, visits, complaints, reports and other activities in the form of an application for government information disclosure, the administrative organ shall inform the applicant that it will not be treated as an application for government information disclosure and may inform it to be submitted through corresponding channels.

If the contents of the application put forward by the applicant are to require the administrative organ to provide government bulletins, newspapers, books and other public publications, the administrative organ may inform the way to obtain them.

Article 40　When an administrative organ discloses government information according to the application, it shall determine the specific form of providing government information according to the requirements of the applicant and the actual situation of the administrative organ’s preservation of government information; If providing government information in the form required by the applicant may endanger the safety of government information carriers or the cost of publicity is too high, it can be provided through electronic data and other appropriate forms, or the applicant can be arranged to consult and copy relevant government information.

Article 41　If citizens, legal persons or other organizations have evidence to prove that the records of government information related to themselves provided by administrative organs are inaccurate, they may request administrative organs to correct them. If the administrative organ that has the right to correct the audit is true, it shall correct it and inform the applicant; If it does not fall within the scope of the functions of the administrative organ, the administrative organ may transfer it to the administrative organ with the right to correct it and inform the applicant, or inform the applicant to submit it to the administrative organ with the right to correct it.

Article 42　The administrative organ shall provide government information according to the application, and shall not charge fees. However, if the number and frequency of the applicant’s application for disclosure of government information obviously exceed a reasonable range, the administrative organ may charge an information processing fee.

The specific measures for administrative organs to collect information processing fees shall be formulated by the competent price department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council and the competent information disclosure department of the national government.

Article 43　Citizens who apply for the disclosure of government information have reading difficulties or audio-visual difficulties, and the administrative organ shall provide them with necessary help.

Article 44　Multiple applicants apply to the same administrative organ for disclosure of the same government information, and the government information can be disclosed, and the administrative organ can be included in the scope of voluntary disclosure.

For the government information disclosed by the administrative organ according to the application, if the applicant thinks that it involves the adjustment of public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs the public to participate in decision-making, he may suggest that the administrative organ bring the information into the scope of voluntary disclosure. If the administrative organ considers that it belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure after examination, it shall make it public in a timely manner.

Article 45　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the working system of registration, examination, handling, reply and filing of government information disclosure applications, and strengthen the work norms.

Chapter V Supervision and Guarantee

Article 46　People’s governments at all levels shall establish and improve the assessment system, social appraisal system and accountability system for government information disclosure, and regularly assess and appraise the government information disclosure.

Article 47　The competent department of government information disclosure shall strengthen the daily guidance, supervision and inspection of government information disclosure, and urge the administrative organ to make rectification or informed criticism if it fails to carry out government information disclosure as required; If it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of the responsible leaders and the directly responsible personnel, it shall put forward suggestions to the competent authorities according to law.

Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that the administrative organ fails to voluntarily disclose government information as required or fails to respond to the application for government information disclosure according to law may submit it to the competent department of government information disclosure. If the competent department of government information disclosure verifies that it is true, it shall urge rectification or informed criticism.

Article 48　The competent department of government information disclosure shall regularly train the government information disclosure staff of administrative organs.

Article 49　The people’s government departments at or above the county level shall, every yearonemoon31A few days ago, the annual report on the government information disclosure work of the administrative organ in the previous year was submitted to the competent department of government information disclosure work at the same level and announced to the public.

The competent department of government information disclosure of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, every yearthreemoon31A few days ago, the annual report of the government information disclosure work of the government at the same level in the previous year was announced to the public.

Article 50　The annual report on government information disclosure shall include the following contents:

(a) the situation of the administrative organ’s voluntary disclosure of government information;

(two) the administrative organ receives and processes the application for government information disclosure;

(three) the situation of being applied for administrative reconsideration and bringing an administrative lawsuit because of the government information disclosure work;

(four) the main problems existing in the government information disclosure work and the improvement, and the annual report of the government information disclosure work of the people’s governments at all levels shall also include the results of work assessment, social appraisal and accountability;

(5) Other matters that need to be reported.

The national competent department of government information disclosure shall publish the unified format of the annual report on government information disclosure and update it in a timely manner.

Article 51　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that administrative organs infringe upon their legitimate rights and interests in the work of government information disclosure may complain and report to the administrative organ at the next higher level or the competent department of government information disclosure, or apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

Article 52　In violation of the provisions of these regulations, the administrative organ fails to establish and improve the relevant systems and mechanisms for government information disclosure, and the administrative organ at the next higher level shall order it to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the responsible leaders and persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law.

Article 53　Administrative organs in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, one of the following circumstances, the administrative organ at the next higher level shall be ordered to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the responsible leaders and persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(a) do not perform the functions of government information disclosure according to law;

(two) do not update the open government information content, government information disclosure guide and government information disclosure catalogue in a timely manner;

(three) other circumstances in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 54　These Regulations shall apply to the activities of organizations authorized by laws and regulations with the function of managing public affairs to disclose government information.

Article 55　Education, health, water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating, environmental protection, public transportation and other public enterprises and institutions closely related to the interests of the people, make public the information produced and obtained in the process of providing social public services, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of the relevant competent departments or institutions in the State Council. The competent department of information disclosure of the national government may formulate special provisions according to actual needs.

If the public enterprises and institutions specified in the preceding paragraph fail to disclose the information produced and obtained in the process of providing social public services in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and the provisions of the relevant competent departments or institutions in the State Council, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may appeal to the relevant competent departments or institutions, and the departments or institutions that accept the appeal shall promptly investigate and handle it and inform the complainant of the handling results.

Article 56　This Ordinance since2019yearfivemoon15It will be implemented on the day.

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 29th-the State Council Press Office released a white paper on Export Control in China on December 29th. The full text is as follows:

Export control in China
(December 2021)
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
the State Council Information Office

catalogue

foreword

I. China’s Basic Position on Export Control

(A) adhere to the overall concept of national security

(2) Conscientiously fulfilling international obligations and commitments.

(3) Actively promoting international cooperation and coordination.

(4) Resolutely oppose the abuse of export control measures

II. Constantly improve the legal system and management system of export control.

(1) Establish and improve the legal system of export control.

(B) Building a coordinated and efficient export control management system

III. Continue to modernize the export control system.

(A) optimize the license management

(B) enhance law enforcement capabilities

(3) Promoting compliance construction.

(4) Fulfilling international obligations

Four, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in export control.

(a) to carry out bilateral exchanges and cooperation.

(2) Strengthen multilateral dialogue and consultation.

Concluding remarks

foreword

Export control refers to prohibiting or restricting the export of dual-use items, military products, nuclear products and other goods, technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation. It is an internationally accepted practice.

Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. Instability and uncertainty have risen significantly, the international security system and order have been impacted, and world peace is facing multiple challenges and threats. Fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory export control plays an increasingly prominent role in effectively coping with international and regional security risks and challenges under the new situation and safeguarding world peace and development. Countries generally attach great importance to and actively promote export control, and strengthen and standardize export control by establishing and implementing legal systems.

As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and the largest country in the world in goods trade and manufacturing, China has been constantly improving its export control governance in line with the principles of safeguarding national security and safeguarding world peace and regional security. In the new era, under the guidance of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, China adheres to the overall national security concept and more actively integrates into the process of economic globalization. China focuses on building a new open economic system with a higher level and a peaceful China with a higher level, realizing the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, promoting the modernization of the export control system, and achieving new development and achievements in export control governance. China thinks about its responsibility from a global perspective, earnestly fulfills its international obligations, strengthens international exchanges and cooperation, actively participates in international coordination of export control with practical actions, promotes relevant international processes, and joins hands with other countries to build a community of human destiny, thus injecting positive energy into world peace and development.

In order to comprehensively introduce the basic position and policy proposition of China’s export control and enhance the international community’s understanding of China’s export control, this white paper is hereby issued.

I. China’s Basic Position on Export Control

As a responsible big country, China firmly upholds the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, earnestly upholds the authority of international treaties and mechanisms in line with true multilateralism, and actively promotes the development of international export control in the right direction of justice, rationality and non-discrimination.

(A) adhere to the overall concept of national security

In the era of economic globalization, the security of all countries is interrelated and affects each other. China has always adhered to the overall national security concept, coordinated development and security, coordinated opening and security, coordinated traditional security and non-traditional security, coordinated its own security and common security, coordinated the maintenance and shaping of national security, and strived to build an export control system commensurate with China’s international status and compatible with national security and interests. China advocates that all countries should innovate their security concepts and establish a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable global security concept. In particular, big countries should fulfill their obligations as big countries, show their responsibilities as big countries, promote international common security in the field of export control, and jointly build a universally safe community of human destiny.

(2) Conscientiously fulfilling international obligations and commitments.

Maintaining international peace and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation are China’s solemn commitments. China has actively fulfilled its international obligations, extensively learned from international practices, and made great efforts to strengthen and improve its export control system. China resolutely opposes the proliferation of all forms of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, and has formed an export control system under the guidance of the Export Control Law, covering dual-use items, military products, nuclear products and other goods, technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation.

(3) Actively promoting international cooperation and coordination.

In today’s world, countries are increasingly becoming a community of destiny. The more we face global challenges, the more we need to cooperate to deal with them. China advocates that differences and disputes should be properly resolved through international coordination and cooperation and multilateral mechanisms, so that all countries can become partners of mutual trust and equal cooperation. At present, the reform of the global governance system is at a turning point in history. China advocates that the international coordination of export control should effectively increase the representation of emerging market countries and developing countries, better realize the equality of rights, opportunities and rules in international cooperation, reflect the wishes and interests of most countries in a more balanced way, and jointly create an international environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.

(4) Resolutely oppose the abuse of export control measures

No country or region should abuse export control measures, unreasonably impose discriminatory restrictive measures, implement double standards on non-proliferation, or even push multilateral mechanisms related to export control towards discrimination and exclusivity. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (hereinafter referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention) and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (hereinafter referred to as the Chemical Weapons Convention), as well as a series of resolutions of the General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council, all stipulate that all countries can fully enjoy peaceful uses without discrimination. China maintains that export control should abide by the principles of fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination, and should not harm the legitimate rights and interests of other countries in the peaceful use of export-controlled items, and should not set obstacles to the peaceful use of scientific and technological progress to promote development, normal international scientific and technological exchanges and economic and trade cooperation, and the safe and smooth operation of the global industrial chain supply chain. China called on all countries to effectively control the risks and threats related to export control and create a safe environment conducive to economic and social development, while actively promoting the inclusive sharing of scientific and technological development and constantly enhancing the well-being of all mankind.

II. Constantly improve the legal system and management system of export control.

China adheres to the basic strategy of governing the country according to law in an all-round way, not only based on China’s national conditions, but also drawing lessons from foreign beneficial experience, constantly improving the legal system of export control, perfecting the management system of export control, and providing the rule of law and institutional guarantee for export control.

(1) Establish and improve the legal system of export control.

Since the reform and opening up, the internal and external environment of China’s economic development has undergone profound changes, the socialist market economic system has been continuously improved, and the level of legalization of export control has been continuously improved. Since the 1990s, China has successively promulgated six administrative regulations, including Regulations on the Management of Controlled Chemicals, Regulations on Nuclear Export Control, Regulations on the Export of Military Products, Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-use Nuclear Goods and Related Technologies, Regulations on the Export Control of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies, and Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-use Biological Goods and Related Equipment and Technologies. The Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the State Atomic Energy Agency, the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission and other relevant departments have issued dozens of departmental regulations and related normative documents to refine the provisions on export control matters, including specific provisions on specific items, specific provisions on license management and law enforcement supervision, and relevant documents for implementing relevant UN Security Council resolutions.

In October 2020, China promulgated the Export Control Law, which clearly defined the export control system, control measures and international cooperation, and established the basic institutional framework and rules for export control policies, control lists, temporary controls, control lists, supervision and management. On the basis of summing up the practical experience of China’s export control, the Export Control Law is a law to guide China’s export control work according to the changes of the situation and drawing lessons from international common practices. It makes comprehensive arrangements for China’s export control system and ensures the full coverage of controlled items, applicable subjects and control links. Since the promulgation of the Export Control Law, in order to ensure the effective implementation of various systems, the state export control administrative department has actively carried out the work of "changing the relevant supporting regulations and departmental rules" to ensure the efficient connection between various fields of the export control legal system. In addition to the Export Control Law, laws such as the Foreign Trade Law, the National Security Law, the Data Security Law, the Nuclear Security Law, the Customs Law, the Administrative Licensing Law, the Administrative Punishment Law and the Criminal Law also provide a strong legal basis for the implementation of export control measures and other related work. At present, China has basically formed an export control legal system which is connected with laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules, with distinct levels and coordinated structure, laying a solid legal foundation for building a modern export control system with China characteristics.

(B) Building a coordinated and efficient export control management system

Export control involves many departments in the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC). The state has established and improved the working mechanism of export control and defined the division of labor among various departments, which has provided a solid institutional guarantee for export control.

Management system for export control of dual-use items. The export of nuclear dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the National Atomic Energy Agency. The export of biological dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the State Health and Wellness Commission and other departments as required. The export of chemical dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce. The export of missile dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission as required. The export of commercial passwords shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Cryptography Administration. The Cryptography Law stipulates that the export control list of commercial passwords shall be formulated and published by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Cryptography Administration and the General Administration of Customs. To monitor the export of chemicals, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Commerce shall manage the qualification of export operators, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall be responsible for the specific export review.

Military export control management system. Military exports are managed by the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission according to the division of labor. The main management contents include examining and approving military export franchise qualifications, military export projects, military export contracts, issuing military export licenses, formulating relevant business management measures, supervising and managing military export activities, and punishing illegal acts in military export control.

Nuclear export control management system. Nuclear export shall be managed by the State Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with other departments. The nuclear export is exclusively operated by the unit designated by the State Council, and the three principles of nuclear export guarantee for peaceful purposes only, acceptance of IAEA safeguards, and no transfer to a third country without the permission of the China government are resolutely implemented. The administrative department implements a strict examination system for nuclear exports and takes severe punishment measures for illegal acts.

The General Administration of Customs cooperates closely with relevant administrative departments to supervise the export of controlled items according to law, participate in the investigation and handling of relevant illegal export cases, and carry out risk prevention and control, supervision and law enforcement and other related work.

III. Continue to modernize the export control system.

China strictly enforces various laws and regulations on export control, translates its solemn promises into practical actions, and gradually realizes full coverage, full chain and all-round effective supervision based on the system and supported by technology, and builds a modern export control system with scientific design, orderly operation and strong implementation.

(A) optimize the license management

China’s export control widely adopts internationally accepted systems such as license management, end-user and end-use certificate, and general license. China has established an inter-departmental licensing consultation system and a two-level management model, continuously improved the licensing process, continuously enriched the types of licensing management, continuously improved the level of licensing management, effectively promoted the compliance trade of export-controlled items, and optimized the business environment under high-level opening up.

Establish a licensing consultation system to ensure rigorous and accurate review. In the examination of export license for dual-use items, an export control license consultation system involving the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the National Atomic Energy Agency and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission was established. Each department has its own duties, division of labor and close cooperation, and examines export applications from the aspects of national security and interests, international obligations, end users and end uses, so as to ensure that relevant exports comply with laws and relevant policies and regulations.

Implement a two-level management model to facilitate licensing applications. China has a vast territory, and enterprises applying for export licenses come from all over the country. China gives overall consideration to the relationship between control and promotion, safeguards and promotes compliant trade, implements a two-level management model in licensing management, and entrusts the relevant departments of the provincial people’s government to provide public services on export control to export operators and assist them in forwarding export applications. The approval result of license examination is transmitted to the export operators and China Customs in the form of online data. In order to improve the level of trade facilitation, since July 2021, the Ministry of Commerce has implemented paperless management of export licenses for dual-use items, realizing the electronic process of business application, business review, license issuance and customs clearance of goods, and shortening the time for obtaining licenses by 5 to 7 days.

Improve licensing management measures and improve the level of precise management. Focus on improving the end-user and end-use certification system and promote multi-level management. Under normal circumstances, export operators are required to provide end-use certificates issued by end users; For export applications with potential risks, it is required to provide end-user and end-use certification documents certified by the government agencies of the countries and regions where the end-users are located and the embassies and consulates of China in relevant countries, or require the government agencies of the countries and regions where the end-users are located to issue end-user and end-use certification documents. China implements general licensing measures to enrich the types of license management. Export operators who have established an internal compliance system for export control and are in good operation can be granted a general license, allowing them to export to multiple countries and regions or multiple end users for multiple times within the validity period. The multi-measures licensing management measures have improved the pertinence and effectiveness of licensing management.

Establish an expert support team to support scientific and efficient management. China attaches great importance to the construction of experts, and clearly establishes and improves the export control expert consultation mechanism in the form of legal provisions. Relevant departments organize experts in the fields of dual-use items, military products and nuclear, and establish a support team of export control experts to assist in making scientific and accurate judgments. Over the years, the team of experts has provided strong support for inventory formulation, license management, supervision and law enforcement, and business consulting. With the increasing demand for specialization in export control, China will continue to increase the input of experts, build a professional team with all fields and fine business, and provide more professional and efficient support for export control in the new era.

(B) enhance law enforcement capabilities

China has continuously improved its export control law enforcement mechanism, expanded its law enforcement methods, enhanced its law enforcement capabilities, gradually improved its authoritative and efficient export control law enforcement system, effectively cracked down on illegal export control activities, and ensured the complete, accurate and strict implementation of export control laws and regulations.

Improve the organization and build a coordinated and powerful law enforcement mechanism. Strengthen the construction of specialized export control institutions of the Ministry of Commerce. In 2014, the Ministry of Commerce set up a full-time export control law enforcement team to be responsible for the construction of export control law enforcement system and case investigation. The Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the General Administration of Customs and other departments have strengthened horizontal cooperation in law enforcement, and have cooperated vertically with relevant departments of provincial people’s governments in law enforcement. The horizontal and vertical law enforcement cooperation system of various departments and localities has formed a strict law enforcement grid, which provides a strong organizational mechanism guarantee for China’s export control law enforcement, and better solves the problems of China’s export control law enforcement, such as wide territory, wide field and difficult investigation.

Broaden the means and measures to enhance the deterrence of law enforcement supervision. Constantly improve the ability of export control law enforcement, in addition to authorizing law enforcement departments to conduct on-the-spot inspections, inquiries and investigations, access to information and other basic law enforcement means, it also gives law enforcement departments a variety of means such as sealing up and detaining items involved and inquiring bank accounts. For illegal export operators, law enforcement departments can include their illegal situations in the credit records according to law, effectively enhancing the deterrence of law enforcement. China’s export control law enforcement covers all aspects of export. It not only strictly supervises the export links, but also controls the participation of intermediary services in illegal export, and prohibits relevant institutions and individuals from providing intermediary services such as agency, freight forwarding, customs declaration, third-party e-commerce trading platform and finance for illegal export control activities. China pays attention to the implementation of non-mandatory law enforcement means such as supervision talks and administrative guidance, and implements measures such as prevention, guidance and supervision to ensure the effectiveness of law enforcement.

Promote the use of law enforcement equipment and information technology, and effectively strengthen support capabilities. China increased investment in export control law enforcement equipment and facilities, and China Customs was equipped with specialized equipment for testing radioactive, biological and chemical items, which significantly improved the efficiency of identifying, inspecting and disposing export control items and effectively helped law enforcement personnel to detect illegal exports. China actively improves the application of law enforcement information, and strengthens the exchange and cooperation of information about illegal export activities among law enforcement and management agencies. China attaches great importance to the statistical analysis of information data of illegal export control cases, realizes the comprehensive application function of basic information such as enterprises involved and cases, and improves the information support. Export control law enforcement agencies regularly conduct comprehensive policies and regulations, item identification and law enforcement skills training for law enforcement officials to enhance law enforcement capabilities.

(3) Promoting compliance construction.

China attaches great importance to the construction of export control compliance, adheres to the principle of "government guidance, enterprise-oriented, multi-party linkage", lays a solid legal foundation, improves the policy framework, conducts publicity and training, and promotes the construction of export control compliance to achieve positive results.

Strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law. Pay attention to consolidating the rule of law foundation of compliance construction. The Export Control Law clearly states that China government departments will issue export control guidelines for relevant industries in a timely manner to guide export operators to establish and improve the internal compliance system of export control to standardize their operations. Make clear the incentive measures, and give convenience measures such as general license to export operators who have established an internal compliance system for export control and are in good operation. In the form of law, China provides legal protection for the government to effectively guide the export control compliance construction, and provides legal basis for enterprises to establish and improve the internal compliance system.

Strengthen policy guidelines. In 2007, the Ministry of Commerce issued the first guidance on the establishment of internal export control mechanism for enterprises engaged in dual-use items and technologies. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce revised and issued the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Commerce on Establishing an Internal Compliance Mechanism for Export Control of Dual-use Items, which expanded the compliance elements to nine, including formulating a policy statement, establishing an organization, conducting a comprehensive risk assessment, establishing a review procedure, formulating emergency measures, conducting education and training, improving compliance auditing, keeping data files and compiling a management manual. The Internal Compliance Guide for Export Control of Dual-Use Items was added to provide more detailed guidance and scenario reference. In the nuclear field, China has issued documents such as guidelines for the construction of nuclear import and export compliance management mechanism.

Strengthen public services. Attach great importance to the publicity and training of export control compliance, continuously increase publicity efforts, and improve the compliance level of the whole society. Governments at all levels go deep into enterprise research and discussion, carry out training in key areas, consolidate the awareness of export control compliance, and cultivate an export control compliance culture. In recent years, more than 20 training and discussion exchanges in various forms have been held annually, with about 30,000 participants. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce launched the construction of an export control information service platform, and strengthened its guidance and services. Actively guide business associations, intermediaries, expert think tanks and other social resources to carry out export control compliance research, provide consulting services, and jointly participate in export control compliance construction.

(4) Fulfilling international obligations

China has always advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, biological weapons and chemical weapons, resolutely opposed the proliferation of such weapons and their means of delivery, and did not support, encourage or help any country to develop weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery. China is committed to regulating the trade in conventional weapons, cracking down on illegal arms trafficking and alleviating the humanitarian problems caused by the abuse of conventional weapons. China firmly upholds the authority and validity of relevant international treaties, strictly fulfills its international obligations and safeguards international and regional peace and stability.

In the nuclear field, China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1984, and signed the Agreement between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the International Atomic Energy Agency on the Application of Safeguards in China in 1988, and voluntarily placed its civil nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards. In 1992, China acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. China actively participated in the negotiations on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in the Geneva Conference on Disarmament, and made an important contribution to the conclusion of the Treaty, which was first signed in 1996. In October 1997, China joined the Zangger Committee. In 1998, China signed an additional protocol on strengthening the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and formally completed the domestic legal procedures for the entry into force of the additional protocol in early 2002, becoming the first nuclear-weapon state to complete the above procedures. In June 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group, actively participated in the related affairs of the Group and fulfilled its rights and obligations.

In the biological field, China joined the Biological Weapons Convention in 1984 and has always strictly fulfilled its obligations under the Convention. China has always submitted the declaration materials on the implementation of confidence-building measures on time, deeply participated in the convention review process, actively put forward multilateral initiatives in the fields of regulating biological scientific research activities, global allocation of biotechnology and resources, actively provided public products to the international community in the fields of strengthening the safety of biological laboratories, continuously strengthened the export control of dual-use biological products and related equipment and technologies, and revised the control list in time. China advocates promoting the positive results of the review process of the Convention, especially the negotiation and formulation of a legally binding verification protocol, so as to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of the Convention.

In the chemical field, China has made positive contributions to the conclusion of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In January 1993, China signed the Convention. In April 1997, China submitted its instrument of ratification and became an original party to the Convention. China firmly supports the aims and objectives of the Convention and urges all parties to strictly fulfill their obligations and implement the provisions of the Convention in a balanced and effective manner. Since the entry into force of the Convention, China has promulgated domestic implementation legislation, set up specialized implementation agencies, submitted various annual announcements on time and completely, and strictly accepted relevant inspections by the OPCW. In 2020, China completed the domestic legislative procedures for adding Schedule 1 chemicals to the 24th Conference of States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention within the time limit stipulated in the Convention.

In the field of missiles, China supports the efforts made by the international community to prevent the proliferation of missiles and related items and technologies, and has a positive and open attitude towards international suggestions on strengthening the missile non-proliferation mechanism. Drawing on the export control practices of many countries, China promulgated and implemented the Regulations on Export Control of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies, which provided a legal basis for the export of items and technologies in China’s missile field. China has also actively participated in relevant international exchanges and cooperation and made joint efforts to prevent ballistic missile proliferation.

In the field of military products, China actively participated in the negotiation of the Arms Trade Treaty and made important contributions to its conclusion. In September 2019, China announced the initiation of domestic legal procedures related to its accession to the Arms Trade Treaty. In July 2020, China formally joined the Arms Trade Treaty. As a State party to the Treaty, China firmly supports the aims and objectives of the Treaty, fully fulfills its obligations under the Treaty, and is willing to work with other States parties to standardize the conventional arms trade, promote the universality and effectiveness of the Treaty, and improve the global governance of the arms trade.

Four, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in export control.

China has always attached importance to and actively carried out international exchanges and cooperation in export control, promoted mutual trust, dispelling doubts, learning from each other, promoted international coordination of export control, promoted compliance trade of export control items, and made China contributions to enhancing the fairness and openness of international export control.

(a) to carry out bilateral exchanges and cooperation.

On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, China actively conducts bilateral exchanges and cooperation on export control, enhances mutual trust through dialogue and consultation, embodies China’s open and cooperative attitude, and promotes mutual benefit and win-win bilateral cooperation.

Actively promote the compliance trade of export controlled items. China has established intergovernmental mechanisms with many countries and regions, and conducted intergovernmental consultations, seminars, dialogues with enterprises and other activities to exchange experiences and practices. Maintain dialogue with relevant national export control authorities and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of export control. China signed bilateral agreements with Russian and other countries, and issued End User and End Use Notes to promote mutual trust and cooperation.

In-depth bilateral export control and non-proliferation exchanges and cooperation. China and the United States have held several seminars on the identification of export controlled items to enhance technical exchanges in law enforcement. In the nuclear field, China has maintained consultations and exchanges with the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Germany and European Union institutions, and jointly cracked down on illegal activities through information exchange and law enforcement cooperation according to law. In the field of MCCs, China conducts bilateral exchanges and cooperation with other States parties under the framework of the Chemical Weapons Convention, and goes to Germany, Spain, South Korea, Japan and other countries to carry out end-user and end-use verification. China has established consultation mechanisms on strategic security, arms control and non-proliferation with more than 10 countries at the deputy ministerial level and the bureau level, and shared experiences and practices in the field of non-proliferation, which has played an important role in enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation.

In addition to intergovernmental cooperation, China actively supports non-governmental exchanges and cooperation in export control. The Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, China Nuclear Energy Industry Association and other institutions actively carry out non-governmental exchanges, academic research and non-governmental international exchanges with research institutions of relevant countries, and deepen understanding and enhance friendship by jointly holding seminars, forums and field visits.

(2) Strengthen multilateral dialogue and consultation.

China attaches importance to maintaining communication and consultation on global issues and unexpected events through the United Nations and multilateral mechanisms in the field of export control, so as to promote world peace and regional security.

China maintains that the United Nations, as the most universal international organization, should play a central role, balance the relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful use, and safeguard the legitimate rights of developing countries in peaceful use of scientific and technological progress. In December 2021, at the initiative of China, the 76th UN General Assembly adopted the resolution "Promoting international cooperation in the peaceful use of science and technology in the field of international security", stressing the importance of peaceful use of science and technology and related international cooperation to economic and social development, and urging countries to remove unreasonable restrictions on the peaceful use of science and technology for developing countries while fulfilling their international obligations of non-proliferation. The adoption of this resolution marks the beginning of an open, inclusive and fair dialogue process under the framework of the General Assembly, which is of great significance to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of all countries in the peaceful use of science and technology, promoting the universal sharing of scientific and technological progress achievements, and responding to the security challenges brought about by scientific and technological development. It is also helpful to promote the more comprehensive and balanced implementation of international treaties such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and to strengthen cooperation with other member States of existing non-proliferation and export control mechanisms. China will continue to work with all parties to advance the dialogue process under the framework of the General Assembly.

In April 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 1540, demanding that all countries strengthen domestic management and export control of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and technologies, and prevent and combat non-state entities from acquiring the above items. This resolution is the first special non-proliferation resolution of the Security Council, which is conducive to promoting and strengthening international cooperation on the basis of international law. China actively supports and participates in the non-proliferation work under the UN framework such as the Security Council 1540 Committee, and actively promotes the comprehensive review process of Security Council resolution 1540. In order to promote the implementation of the resolution in Asia, China and the 1540 Committee of the Security Council held three "Training Courses for National Contact Points of Non-proliferation in the Asia-Pacific Region" in Qingdao, Xi ‘an and Xiamen, China in 2015, 2017 and 2019 respectively.

In 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group. China strictly fulfills its obligations as a member, actively participates in "Group" policy consultation, list making and information exchange, and strengthens export control cooperation with other members. China has made corresponding amendments to the Regulations on Nuclear Export Control and the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-use Nuclear Goods and Related Technologies in accordance with the "Group" guidelines, making the acceptance of comprehensive safeguards by importing countries a condition for nuclear export, and keeping pace with the "Group" control list, and regularly revising the export control list.

In 2004, China formally applied to join the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and maintained communication with it. Five rounds of dialogue sessions were held to exchange and consult on the export control regime, control list, law enforcement and China’s accession in the missile field. China drew lessons from the "system" guidelines and technical annexes when formulating the regulations and lists of missile export control.

China maintained communication and exchanges with Wassenaar Arrangement, and the two sides held five rounds of dialogue sessions to exchange in-depth views on export control principles, lists and "best practices" of conventional weapons and related dual-use items and technologies.

China maintained contact and exchanges with the Australia Group, and the two sides held six rounds of consultations to exchange views on the non-proliferation situation in the biological and chemical fields, the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and the operation of the Australia Group.

China is willing to work with the international community to promote the fairness and openness of multilateral mechanisms related to export control, increase the representativeness and diversity of its members, adhere to the road of unity and cooperation, resist discriminatory practices, work together to deal with various global problems and jointly create a better future for mankind.

Concluding remarks

At present, the international structure has undergone profound changes, and international export control faces many challenges. It is a long way to go to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. Strengthening international cooperation and seeking common security and development require long-term unremitting joint efforts of all countries.

China will adhere to the overall national security concept, constantly promote the export control system and capacity building, strengthen management, strictly enforce the law, promote compliance construction, and effectively respond to the risks and challenges faced under the new situation. China will assume the responsibility of a big country, fulfill its international obligations and commitments, conduct export control exchanges and cooperation, and work with other countries to promote the healthy development of international export control governance and make positive contributions to building a community of human destiny.

　　International Online Reporter (He Yuyang): The Spring Festival of China Lunar Year of the Dog is approaching, and the atmosphere of welcoming the Spring Festival is not only permeated in China, but also all over the world. Dance with dragons and lions, paste Spring Festival couplets, hang lanterns and eat dumplings … … These traditional customs of celebrating the Spring Festival in China have been gradually integrated into the local culture of foreign countries, and more and more foreigners are familiar with them. The foreign mainstream society is paying more and more attention to and participating in the Spring Festival activities. The overseas influence of China Spring Festival culture is increasing, which is inseparable from the promotion of overseas Chinese. While they are spending the festive season with their family and friends, they are also spreading and promoting the "flavor of the year" in China.

　　Portuguese Chinese: Invite foreigners to write "Chinese Dream" with a brush.

　　"This year to participate in Portugal ‘ Happy Spring Festival ’ There should be tens of thousands of people in the activity, and the locals account for the majority. Our Portuguese new media mainly invites foreigners to write with a brush this year ‘ Chinese dream ’ Three words, and then these brush characters are made into a wall, and everyone is very enthusiastic. " Ma Limei, president of Portuguese New Newspaper, said in an interview that the celebration of "Happy Spring Festival" in Portugal lasted for two days, just like the flower market and temple fair in Guangdong, it was crowded and very lively.

　　Since the Spring Festival in 2010, the Ministry of Culture of China, together with relevant state ministries and commissions, local cultural organizations and overseas institutions, has jointly launched a large-scale cultural exchange activity of "Happy Spring Festival", with the aim of spending the Lunar New Year with people from all countries, sharing Chinese culture and building a harmonious world. At present, the "Happy Spring Festival" in 2018 has been held in many cities around the world. The activities include street marching performances, Spring Festival cultural exhibitions, square performances and theater performances.

　　"The Spring Festival is highly recognized in Lisbon, and all municipal governments attach great importance to and participate in it. This year, the Portuguese Prime Minister also sent representatives to participate in ‘ Happy Spring Festival ’ Catarina Vaz Pinto, deputy mayor of Lisbon, also attended the event. The scale of our celebration is getting bigger and bigger every year, and local mainstream media and TV stations have reported it, making the Spring Festival a household name in the local area. Many locals are proud to speak a few words of Mandarin. " Ma Limei told reporters that in addition to watching the parade, you can also buy China ceramic dolls and small pendants with China characteristics at the exhibition, which attracted a large number of people to attend.

　　Ma Limei said that "Happy China" entered Portugal in 2014. Before that, local overseas Chinese delegations would organize various forms of Spring Festival Gala, inviting relatives and friends to enjoy the Spring Festival dinner and share the joy of the Spring Festival. "When red lanterns are hung on the streets, local people will know that Chinese is going to celebrate the Spring Festival."

　　When talking about why the activity of writing "Chinese Dream" was held this year, Ma Limei said that every overseas traveler has his own "Chinese Dream", which is a dream of hoping for a strong motherland. "We overseas Chinese sincerely hope that our ancestral home country will be prosperous and healthy, because our local social status is closely related to the strength of our ancestral home country. In addition, Chinese has an innate patriotic feeling of loving his hometown. Even if it has not affected his life, he still pays attention to it at all times. "

　　Chinese Americans: Children introduce Spring Festival culture at school.

　　The American Qiao Bao reported that today’s New Year and Spring Festival activities are no longer the concept of one or two, two or three, three or four ten years ago. Counting by fingers, I am afraid that ten fingers are not enough. Although the Spring Festival has not yet arrived, California alone has held many prestigious events such as "Southern Canadian Chinese Spring Festival Gala", "American Chinese Spring Festival Gala", "World Chinese Spring Festival Gala" and "Global Chinese Spring Festival Gala".

　　"Our community also held a Spring Festival Gala. I will go back to the United States for the Spring Festival on the 14th, and I will go back to the United States to spend the Spring Festival with my family every year. " Wang Li ‘ang, the executive vice president of Wan Xuan Tong, a domestic platform for quick selection of industrial products, is a Chinese-American. In recent years, he chose to return to China for development, but he told reporters that the Spring Festival must be a family reunion.

　　"Many celebrations will be held in Chinese communities such as Flushing, such as lion dance and kung fu show, and foreigners will wear cheongsam. Many people are lively and adults and children love to watch it." Wang Li ‘ang said that the influence of the Spring Festival in China is growing overseas, and many foreigners also participate in celebrations such as the Spring Festival parade.

　　"My child is in primary school. As soon as the Spring Festival arrives, the school teacher will organize the children to introduce the Spring Festival and the Spring Festival customs. I introduced it at school before. " Wang Li ‘ang said that the customs of overseas Chinese celebrating the Spring Festival, such as having dinner, posting Spring Festival couplets and watching the Spring Festival Gala broadcast on TV, are well known to the local people.

　　It is worth mentioning that, after years of campaigning by elected officials in Asian communities, in June 2015, the Spring Festival became a public holiday for public schools in new york City, USA, with one day off. In addition, in September 2016, the California Department of Education also approved the revision of primary school history textbooks in public schools. The new textbooks will include an introduction to the Asian Lunar New Year and the significance of the Lunar New Year to Asian communities in California.

　　Korean Chinese: Organizing the Spring Festival Gala in conjunction with local organizations.

　　As Koreans also celebrate the Spring Festival, Spring Festival activities have become a great event jointly organized and participated by overseas Chinese and local people. On February 11th, the All-China Federation of Korean Chinese, South Korea’s Xinhua News Agency and South Korea’s local community "Love and Sharing Movement" jointly hosted a Spring Festival Gala, which was held grandly in the auditorium of the government building in Seoul’s Kowloon Old District.

　　"Since 2005, we have consciously spread the traditional culture of China through the Spring Festival. This time, the local Korean community invited us to jointly hold the Spring Festival Evening, because the Spring Festival Evening we held has accumulated a good reputation in the local area. " Cao Mingquan, president of South Korea’s Xinhua News Agency, said in an interview that their Spring Festival Evening was rich and varied, with Korean songs and China songs, and the host was bilingual in China and South Korea.

　　According to Cao Mingquan, nearly 800 people attended the celebration that day, including more than 300 Koreans. "Koreans also celebrate the Spring Festival, but the way they celebrate the Spring Festival is still different from that of China. We will take the opportunity to promote the Spring Festival culture in China." Cao Mingquan said that in order to promote China’s traditional culture, they usually hold seminars on Mencius thoughts and other activities.

　　Cao Mingquan told reporters that the Spring Festival Gala was held not only to celebrate the traditional festivals in China, but also to express the thoughts of overseas Chinese on their homeland. "The Chinese New Year complex of overseas Chinese in South Korea is getting stronger and stronger. Both Han compatriots and Korean compatriots have started to hold traditional China Spring Festival parties."

　　It is reported that the Spring Festival is also a legal holiday in Korea, and the government stipulates that the Spring Festival has a three-day holiday. During the Spring Festival, overseas Chinese and local people will hold ancestor worship activities. Relatives, neighbors and friends will visit each other and pay New Year greetings. The elders will give lucky money to the younger generation and express their wishes to each other.

　　French Chinese: Organizing the Spring Festival Gala in conjunction with the local municipal government.

　　Since the 1980s, the 13th arrondissement of Paris, where overseas Chinese live together, has continued the tradition of the annual Spring Festival makeup parade, and has become a common festival for the French people and overseas Chinese living in France, attracting nearly 200,000 Chinese and foreign audiences every year.

　　In Nice, a holiday resort in southeastern France, the atmosphere of the Spring Festival is rare. This year, local overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese delegations decided to join hands with the Nice municipal government to jointly hold a "large-scale, high-style" Spring Festival Gala to expand the popularity of the Spring Festival in the local area.　

　　"We want to celebrate the Spring Festival, but also to enhance the influence of local Chinese. The city government of Nice also hopes that more Chinese can understand the city. " Yu Manqi, president of the Chinese Association of C? te d ‘Azur, told the reporter that the two sides hit it off and decided to hold a special Spring Festival Gala jointly by the Nice Municipal Government, the Confucius Institute in C? te d ‘Azur, the Nice Scholars and Students Association and the Chinese Association of C? te d ‘Azur, which will be held on the evening of February 13th local time. At that time, the mayor of Nice and other local politicians will also attend.

　　"It is estimated that 800 people will attend, which is the largest event ever held by Chinese in Nice. In the future, not only the Spring Festival, but also every important traditional festival in China, we are ready to organize corresponding activities. " Yu Manqi said.

　　It is reported that since 2009, the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council has created a series of cultural activities of "Cultural China, Four Seas in the Same Spring" to celebrate the Spring Festival with overseas Chinese.

　　Yang Hongji, a 77-year-old baritone singer in China, has performed overseas with the group for many times. In an interview, he once said, "Compared with performing in China, the feelings for the motherland and hometown are stronger. Both overseas Chinese and our actors are deeply infected. "

Text/Chen Gen

At present, artificial intelligence and quantum computing have long been hot research topics in their respective fields.

With the continuous development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence technology, as a strategic technology leading this round of scientific and technological revolution and this round of industrial transformation, has become a new engine to promote economic and social development.

In social life, artificial intelligence has been widely used in smart home, smart medical care, smart agriculture, smart manufacturing, smart finance, smart driving and other fields, and its industrialization has achieved remarkable results. In addition, machine learning has gradually revealed its advantages in many complex scientific issues, including cancer detection, extreme weather prediction, and exploration of new exoplanets.

Quantum technology is also a sharp weapon to promote the progress of digital society. Among many scientific achievements in the 20th century, quantum theory is undoubtedly one of the greatest discoveries, which provides a framework for the establishment of various unified theories of modern physics.

Compared with some improved technologies in the current scientific community, quantum technology has a subversive role. What it subverts is the electronic computing that currently occupies the mainstream position, that is, the traditional and mainstream computers still use electrons as the basic carrier. It can be said that quantum technology itself is one of the core contents of digital technology and the core force to promote the digital economy era.

When artificial intelligence meets quantum technology, what kind of future will it show when subversion is superimposed and subverted?

But quantum computing meets artificial intelligence

Quantum AI, as its name implies, is the combination of quantum technology and artificial intelligence, and it is also the application of quantum technology in the field of artificial intelligence. Among them, quantum technology refers to quantum computing technology.

Compared with the 70-year history of artificial intelligence, quantum computing is relatively younger. Although quantum mechanics, as the protagonist of the whole 20th century, directly contributed to the development of information technology such as semiconductor transistors and lasers, the concept of quantum computing was not really born until 1980s.

In 1981, Feynman, a famous physicist, observed many difficulties encountered by ordinary computers based on Turing model in simulating quantum mechanical systems, and then put forward the idea of analog subsystem of classical computers. Since then, quantum mechanics has entered the process of rapid transformation into real social technology, and human beings are marching faster and faster on the road of quantum computing application development.

Generally speaking, quantum computing is a new computing mode that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to regulate quantum information units for computing, which is completely different from the existing computing mode. Classical calculation uses binary digital electronic method to operate, and binary is always in a certain state of 0 or 1.

Quantum computing, by virtue of the superposition characteristics of quantum mechanics, can realize the superposition of computational states, that is, it includes not only 0 and 1, but also the superposition state in which 0 and 1 coexist. In addition, coupled with the characteristics of quantum entanglement, quantum computer will theoretically have faster processing speed and stronger processing ability on some specific problems compared with the classical computer that uses the strongest algorithm at present.

In October 2019, Google announced the use of 54 qubit processors Sycamore in the journal Nature, realizing quantum superiority. Specifically, Sycamore can complete the specified operation in 200 seconds, while the same amount of calculation on the world’s largest supercomputer Summit will take 10,000 years to complete.

In 2020, China team announced the advent of the "Nine Chapters" of quantum computers, challenging Google’s "quantum hegemony" to achieve global leadership in computing power. As a quantum computer with 76 photons and 100 modes, Chapter Nine is 100 trillion times faster than the fastest supercomputer "Fuyue" at present. For the first time in history, the performance of a quantum computer built by photons surpassed that of the fastest classical supercomputer.

When quantum computing meets artificial intelligence, the computing power of quantum computing will bear the brunt of the development and breakthrough of artificial intelligence. In fact, a major feature of artificial intelligence’s demand for computing power is the parallel computing of massive heterogeneous data, which is difficult for traditional CPU chips. Therefore, this has become the reason why chips such as GPU, FPGA and ASIC are so popular in the field of artificial intelligence.

As mentioned above, quantum computing has parallel computing ability and information carrying capacity that classical computing technology can’t match. In the foreseeable future, although the quantum computer will not completely replace the classical computer, it will rely on its unique advantages in parallel computing, quantum behavior simulation, etc., and play a role in specific scenarios with extremely high computing power requirements.

At the same time, the super computing power of quantum computing comes from quantum parallelism, so it is very suitable for parallel computing needed by artificial intelligence. On the contrary, when quantum computers are gradually pushed into public view, more intelligent machine learning algorithms are also needed to "adapt". It can be seen that the meeting of quantum computing and artificial intelligence will inevitably promote the further development of quantum computing and artificial intelligence.

When subversion overlaps subversion

If machine learning relies on the high parallelism of quantum computing to further optimize traditional machine learning is the most important application of quantum computing in the field of artificial intelligence. Then, the derivative application of quantum computing in artificial intelligence will further realize the current application breakthrough of artificial intelligence.

For example, in artificial intelligence, game theory is widely used, especially in distributed artificial intelligence and multi-agent systems. When quantum expansion and game theory are combined to form quantum game theory, it will provide a new tool for solving problems in the development of artificial intelligence. Quantum game theory models the game phenomenon through the cognitive decision-making process, and studies and describes the game phenomenon and its countermeasures with the help of relevant methods of quantum mechanics theory.

In 2016, Google’s company DeepMind’s Alpha Dog was born based on quantum game theory. Alpha Dog beat Li Shishi, the world’s top Go player, in the first year of its release, and beat Ke Jie, the world’s number one, the next year, bringing artificial intelligence to a new climax.

For another example, in the semantic analysis of natural language, whether using artificial intelligence technology or quantum technology, the mathematical structures of the two are similar in some places. In other words, quantum algorithm is extremely suitable for analog subsystem. Ambiguity can be expressed by superposition, which means that the processing speed can be greatly improved by quantum computing in natural language processing.

In addition, in the field of artificial intelligence, pattern recognition is a particularly important field. For example, identify objects. However, researchers of artificial intelligence often only consider identifying and distinguishing classic objects.

In recent years, with the continuous development of quantum computing and the increasing concern of society, researchers have solved the problem of quantum gate and also studied the resolution of quantum measurement. It is found that through an optimal protocol design, rapid identification can be achieved with the least number of queries, and the resolution of quantum operations is thus well reflected.

Of course, in turn, artificial intelligence can also help solve complex quantum problems. For example, synthesizing drugs and dealing with different chemical reactions are difficult to simulate by solving quantum equations, but some problems can be solved by artificial intelligence. Another example is to solve the ground state energy problem of quantum multi-body Hamiltonian, and artificial intelligence can also be used.

Whether applying quantum technology to artificial intelligence to promote the further development of artificial intelligence technology or applying artificial intelligence to solve complex quantum problems, as Moore’s Law is approaching the physical limit, quantum technology as a subversive technology needs to be developed urgently.

Quantum technology takes quantum as the basic unit of calculation, which revolutionizes the computing architecture with electrons as the basic unit. Firstly, it can improve the security of information communication, and secondly, it can improve the computing power, so that it can be widely used in more industries. It can be said that quantum technology is an important force in the digital technology system, and it is also the core force in the digital economy era with the same name as big data, artificial intelligence and blockchain.

Whether Google’s "Platanus acerifolia" or China’s "Nine Chapters", the horn of quantum superiority has sounded. From the perspective of national policy, the Quanum Manijesto of the European Union and the White Paper on the Development of Quantum Computing of the United States both emphasize the application of quantum information in artificial intelligence.

At the same time, with the increasing R&D efforts and investment of major scientific research teams, research institutions and technology giants, the research in the field of quantum artificial intelligence has begun to explode. This can not only promote the development of artificial intelligence, improve the learning efficiency and accuracy of machine learning, but also promote the prosperity of the quantum world.

The future world is a world driven by quantum computing and artificial intelligence. The world outlined by quantum artificial intelligence will be exciting enough, but it will also make the world full of new challenges.

　　"Langfang City should seize the great opportunity of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, strengthen the construction of specialized investment teams, further rationalize the investment promotion system and mechanism, and accelerate the introduction of a number of large and good projects that establish cities and counties." On February 8th, the first "Langfang Development Lecture Hall" was held in Langfang City, Hebei Province. The lecturers gave special lectures to more than 6,100 cadres at the township level and above in the city with the theme of "Negotiation Skills for Investment Promotion and Practical Operation of Projects".

　　Recently, Langfang has carried out the "year of project construction" in depth, focusing on attracting investment, strengthening entities, optimizing structure and breaking through innovation to accelerate high-quality development.

　　February 12th, Langfang Airport Economic Zone — The life and health industry cooperation matchmaking meeting of Wuhan Optics Valley Bio-City was successfully held in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The Beijing Innovation Center of Wuhan Optics Valley Bio-City settled in Langfang Airport Economic Zone, and 12 enterprises signed contracts to settle in, with an estimated annual output value of 2.5 billion yuan. This is the practical action of Langfang Airport Economic Zone to create a "new model of integration of production and city and a new cluster of 10 billion industries".

　　Investment promotion can’t wait and can’t be delayed. Langfang city has made great efforts to run out of the acceleration of attracting investment.

　　On February 13th, the Southeast Investment Promotion Center of Bazhou Municipal People’s Government was unveiled in Xiamen, Fujian. The establishment of this center will play a window role for Bazhou to accurately integrate investment promotion resources in southern Fujian and improve investment promotion efficiency.

　　On February 14th, Xianghe County, led by the leaders of four major teams in the county, took the initiative to go out of Langfang, and separately docked more than 50 projects, including Beijing Paul Investment Group Great Health Industrial Park and Guangrongou Intelligent Communication Equipment Production Base Project, and actively contacted the Hebei Provincial Office in Tianjin, Beijing Tongzhou District Investment Promotion Service Center and other departments to strive for the early landing of the projects in Xianghe.

　　… … … …

　　Strive to take the first step and run the first stick. This year, Langfang’s industrial investment promotion has been fully opened. The city adheres to the principle of "going out, please come in", and conducts accurate investment promotion around 16 aspects, including national strategy, modern trade logistics, expanding consumption, key industries, key platforms, major events, and urban construction management and operation. Actively connect with ministries and commissions, connect with central enterprises, Beijing enterprises and well-known private enterprises, implement ten investment promotion actions, establish six investment promotion mechanisms, and promote new breakthroughs in the quantity, scale and quality of investment promotion.

　　"Langfang plans to hold more than 10 major investment promotion activities, more than 100 large and medium-sized investment promotion activities, visit no less than 1,000 enterprises, and strive to negotiate more than 1,500 industrial projects with a capital of more than 50 million yuan and sign more than 800 contracts." Lu Wei, director of Langfang Municipal Bureau of Commerce, said.

　　In mid-February, when we entered the construction site of major projects in Langfang, we could see the construction scenes in full swing everywhere, and the project construction was racing against time.

　　There are many tower cranes and roaring machines in Langfang Airport Economic Zone. On February 11th, the district held a ceremony for the centralized commencement of key projects in the first quarter of 2023, and started nine projects with a total investment of 6.07 billion yuan, covering three leading industries: aviation science and technology services, modern trade logistics and life and health.

　　In Xianghe Economic Development Zone, a large number of new factories are springing up. Key project of Hebei Province invested and constructed by Xianghe Zhonglian Health Industry Development Co., Ltd. — — The construction of Xianghe base in Boyun Rongzhong smart medical industry is hot. The project covers a total area of about 300 mu, with a total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. The 26 enterprises in the fields of life and health and intelligent manufacturing who intend to settle in the park are all from Beijing.

　　When the project is introduced, it has to fall and move. This year, Langfang focused on ten key areas, such as industry, trade and logistics, urban construction, transportation, water conservancy, health, education, culture, tourism, health, agriculture and energy, and enhanced the effectiveness of investment and project construction. The city focuses on solving the problems that restrict the project landing, such as land use indicators, planning adjustment, energy consumption capacity, etc., identifying the blocking points, difficulties and pain points, taking targeted measures to promote the normalization of industrial projects, further streamlining the examination and approval items, optimizing the examination and approval process, strengthening the protection of land, capital, energy, environmental protection and other factors, promoting the project landing to be more efficient and convenient, and creating a good business environment to support the construction of guaranteed projects.

　　Dong Liping, director of the Development and Reform Commission of Langfang City, said that the city will further build and manage the "seven project libraries", improve the four mechanisms of leading the agency, leading the package, observing and training, and evaluating, and carry out activities such as project start-up and observation to ensure that 1,200 projects with an investment of more than 100 million yuan and 270 projects with an investment of more than 1 billion yuan are planned and implemented throughout the year, and more than 360 provincial and municipal key construction projects are implemented, with an investment of more than 65 billion yuan and an investment increase of 7.

　　Recently, the second phase project of Shentong Express North Headquarters Base, located in Daqinghe Park, Gu ‘an High-tech Zone, Langfang, is stepping up construction. Shentong Express North Headquarters Base Project is Shentong’s largest northern hub transshipment center, with a planned daily production capacity of 5 million orders, directly radiating Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Northeast China, Shanxi and other places.

　　"In the process of project construction, relevant departments of the park actively intervened to implement ‘ Nothing bothers you, and you are on call ’ The assistance mechanism has improved the efficiency of project procedures, and solved many difficulties and pain points of enterprises such as supporting road network infrastructure and handling construction procedures in time. At present, the project construction is progressing smoothly and the owners are very satisfied. " Zhang Haifeng, executive deputy director of Daqinghe Park in Gu ‘an High-tech Zone, said.

　　Focusing on the construction goal of "two hubs and three bases" in Langfang, Langfang issued "Several Policies and Measures to Support the Development of Modern Commercial Logistics Industry (Trial)", and issued 14 support and reward measures from six aspects: land support, bonus reward, talent reward, approval support, listing reward and referrer reward, and vigorously introduced modern commercial logistics headquarters enterprises. At the same time, Langfang introduced 25 measures to support the transformation and upgrading of existing logistics enterprises, the development of cross-border electronic commerce industrial parks and the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, so as to improve the development quality of modern commercial logistics industry, strengthen service guarantee and optimize the development environment.

　　"This year, Langfang City will further implement the action of improving the quality and efficiency of trade logistics, start six major projects such as logistics hub construction and smart express demonstration, introduce more than 30 well-known cross-border e-commerce enterprises, and more than 10 regional headquarters projects of international trade logistics CBD in the airport economic zone, and accelerate the construction of northern headquarters base projects such as Zhongtong, Yuantong and Yunda, so as to drive the modern trade logistics industry to achieve new breakthroughs and strive to exceed 45 billion yuan in industrial added value." Wu Shengxiang, full-time deputy director of Langfang Commercial Logistics Office, said.

Special feature of 1905 film network Blow it up!

After the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, which will be released this Friday, was screened at the weekend, Douban scored 9.0, much higher than last month’s Disney animation.

Spider-Man has always been the darling of Marvel Comics, and the film has been remake for three times. In 2002, Tobey Vincent Maguire starred in the trilogy, then Andrew Garfield starred in two films, and now "Dutch brother" Tom Holland starred in the new version of Spider-Man.

Of course, in addition, Spider-Man has several versions of his own animated series. However, there has never been an animated feature film.

Nowadays, the appearance of this film is eye-catching.

The director uses different painting styles to highlight the setting of "parallel universe" in the film. When 2D animation, 3D animation, Japanese cartoon, black and white animation, romantic style … … Before they all got together, they showed the charm of animation so vividly. These painting styles are always in the process of collage and integration, which makes Xiao Dianjun sigh the magic of the animation world!

Even so, the film doesn’t feel too full at all. The director uses the unique style of American comics and adds a rhythmic soundtrack, just like watching a Marvel comic. If the movie is as simple as you think, then you are wrong — —It originated in Marvel Comics, but it is far away from Marvel Comics.

Spider-Man has always been one of the most talkative characters in the Marvel universe.

So, what if this time, six Spider-Man are put together in a movie?

Just like the subtitle "Parallel Universe", the film focuses on the concept of parallel universe, and "crams" six different versions of Spider-Man into one picture — — The protagonist is the little black spider, Leng Yan’s beautiful female Spider-Man (Gwen Stacy), Shadow Spider-Man, Penny Parker who drives a robot, and the cartoon character Spider Pig Man. Of course, there is peter parker, who is familiar to everyone.

In fact, the Spider-Man series was born in 1962, which was jointly created by screenwriter Stan Lee and painter Steve Ditko, and made its debut in the 15th issue of Fantasy.

By the way, although we can’t see the ending egg in honor of Stan Lee in China because of the time of trial. However, in the animation, he still participated in the "guest appearance", and the scenes that appeared and his lines happened to be the best memories of himself — — “we will Miss him”。

As we all know, Spider-Man, in reality, is a high school student in peter parker. He was bitten by a spider that had been infected by radiation, so he gained spider-like super power and made a spider web launcher.

In this animation, there are two peter parker.

Peter parker here, although still advertised as "the greater the ability, the greater the responsibility", is no longer a high school student, but an uncle who is nearly 40 years old.

Peter parker in this world died heroically in an action. However, it is also because after the villain turned on the time machine, another dimensional peter parker was transmitted to this world.

Another peter parker, an elder with brown hair and a big belly, loves all kinds of junk food and leads a very sad life all day, even his beloved Mary Jane has left him.

Generally speaking, this peter parker from another dimension is a middle-aged man who has failed and is greasy.

This time, in the animation, the most suitable identity for him is actually the life mentor of the little black spider.

Then, Xiao Dianjun will reveal the secrets of the "new" Spider-Man in the movie.

Little Black Spider (Miles Morales)

The central figure in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

Miles is a 14-year-old high school student from Brooklyn, new york. He has always been an admirer of Spider-Man, but in an accident, he was bitten by the No.42 spider himself, resulting in physical variation and the ability of Spider-Man. At the same time, after he witnessed Peter’s sacrifice, he officially took over the mantle of the former.

In this movie, his battle suit simply appeared as a cos costume from the beginning, and finally he stepped on AJ basketball shoes and appeared in a black-and-white Starscream suit.

Many details of the original work are preserved in the animated film, such as the spider web launcher of the little black spider, which was made by peter parker and given to him through Aunt Mei.

Compared with Spider-Man, the little black spider has a deep evolution in its ability. He mastered the "spider camouflage" and showed it rudely in the movie.

At the same time, Myers can easily touch the enemy with both hands and paralyze the other side at close range.

This image was created by Bryan Michael Bandis, the comic book writer of Spider-Man series, and Sarah Pickery, the painter. He first appeared in the fourth issue of the comic book "The Ultimate Aftershock: Spider-Man No More" in 2011.

Subsequently, this little black spider became very popular and has always owned its own serial comics.

However, in May this year, the story of the little black spider was stopped because the screenwriter Bandis jumped ship to DC comics. Until December, Marvel Comics officially announced that the comic series of Little Black Spider resumed on December 12th.

In the cartoon, he is half African-American and half Mexican, and he is the second Spider-Man in Marvel Comics’s ultimate world. It seems that the future live-action movies belonging to the little black spider can be looked forward to.

Female Spider-Man (Gwen Stacy)

Those who are familiar with the Spider-Man series will naturally be familiar with Gwen, who is the ex-girlfriend of Peter in Spider-Man. Later, Spider-Man was killed by the green goblin in a fight with the green goblin.

"Stone Sister" Emma Stone once played this role in amazing spider-man.

However, in the parallel universe, the screenwriter is kind to her, and she appears as a female Spider-Man. In fact, she comes from the earth, which is almost no different from Peter’s universe. The biggest difference is that it is no longer Peter who is bitten by radioactive spiders, but Gwen.

In the cartoon, her boyfriend is no longer peter parker, but Miles Morales, our "little black spider". This point has been officially certified in the animated Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

This image debuted in the second issue of Spider Edge in 2014. After it appeared, it was also loved by comic fans, and soon it had its own one-line comic series. However, the good times did not last long, and this series ended in a hurry after being serialized for 34 issues.

At first, Gwen didn’t improve her decadent life after she gained the ability. However, in her universe, Peter’s death became a turning point in her life, which made her known as Spider-Man.

Shadow Spider-Man

This version of Spider-Man is relatively unfamiliar to the audience.

However, he is the most dangerous in the Spider-Man universe — —He advocates fighting violence with violence and punishing evil with killing.

He made his debut in Spider-Man: Shadow in 2009. He is more like an outsider who happened in other time and space.

In his design, at that time, the United States was experiencing the Great Depression, and the people at the bottom were filled with sorrow. However, the peter parker family (ben parker and Aunt Mei) were not crushed by the society. They often gave speeches in the streets to protest against the oppression of the government and capitalists and called on the common people to speak out for their freedom. It was also in this way that they became a thorn in new york’s side and a thorn in the flesh.

One day, Peter saw Uncle Ben’s entity in the warehouse and knew that the murderer was really a chaebol in new york. There is nothing I can do in the face of reality, and I will continue to speak with Mei Yi.

In the process of investigating the smuggling of cultural relics by the Green Devil Group, Peter hiding on the beam witnessed hundreds of spiders drilled out of antiques and killed the gang. At this time, a spider climbed up the beam and bit Peter severely. In a dream, he saw the god of spiders.

When he woke up, he found himself hanging on black sticky spider silk, and he had special abilities given by the god of spiders.

In the movie, a very interesting setting was made. He is color blind in the color world, and it also provides a lot of jokes for the follow-up of the film.

Penny Parker

She comes from Earth 14512, a 14-year-old Japanese girl driving a spider robot.

She first appeared in the fifth issue of Spider Edge in 2015. After her father died in the battlefield, she took over from her father and let the spider, who was half the computer host of Armor, bite herself — — Thus, the connection between himself and armor is shaped with special functions.

However, all her superpowers come from robots.

When the cartoonist set it, she was the female version of peter parker. Of course, she not only changed her image, but also set her country in Japan. Therefore, when the animation shows her, it also deliberately uses the Japanese comic style to highlight the Kawaii of Little Loli as much as possible ~

Spider pig man

Comic characters, in fact, there are often many parody funny characters, that is, simply selling cute and funny. For example, the above-mentioned Spider Pig Man.

Don’t think that Xiao Dianjun wrote a typo ~ This is Marvel Comics, so this image was designed to launch a more children-oriented comic.

The Spider Pig Man comes from the earth TRN461. It was originally a humanoid spider. Mei is a scientist who experimented with a hair dryer powered by atomic energy.

Mei, who was constantly tortured by experiments, became particularly grumpy. Bite Peter in a rage, and the whole body is full of radiation plum, which makes this "humanoid spider" become a "pig-nosed humanoid spider", and he still has his own spider ability.

Do you think that’s all Spider-Man has? Of course not. Xiao Dianjun will introduce you to five more. Maybe they will appear in the sequel of Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

Spiderbabe

In Marvel comics, there have been three generations of Spider Women. The first generation of Spider-Man first appeared in 1977, and it is now recognized — — Jessica drew. Her experience is more like a winter soldier. She was brainwashed to work for Hydra.

After getting rid of hydra, he officially acted as a spider woman. In the Civil War, she sided with Captain America against the conservative Iron Man.

Spider girl

From Earth 982, she is the daughter of Peter and Mary Jane. In memory of Aunt Mei, she was named May Mayday Parker.

After being seen by his father during a rescue, he decided to pass Spider-Man’s position to her.

Granny spider

She comes from Earth 3123, which was changed after Aunt Mei was bitten by a spider.

Ji Ji Spider-Man

In fact, his real identity is doctor octopus.

In order to cheat death, he exchanged spirits with Spider-Man peter parker. This transformation not only gave Otto Okta Weiss Spider-Man the ability, but also made him appreciate the responsibility of Spider-Man and become a hero.

Scarlet spider

He is a clone of peter parker. His first name is taken from his uncle’s name, and his last name is Aunt Mei’s last name before she got married — — Ben Riley. When he was born, he didn’t know he was a clone, but he thought Parker was the clone.

Later, in several battles, I slowly discovered the value of myself.

So, which edition of Spider-Man do you pick?

　　CCTV News:On February 17th, the Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference. At the press conference, Gao Feng, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, introduced the relevant progress of joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, namely CPTPP and Digital Economy Partnership Agreement.

　　Gao Feng introduced that up to now, China has signed 19 free trade agreements with 26 countries and regions, with free trade partners covering Asia, Oceania, Latin America, Europe and Africa. The trade volume between China and its free trade partners accounts for about 35% of the total foreign trade.

　　Confidence and peace of mind are a set of dialectical relations. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader thinks in practice.

　　This symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era is not only a painting of the revitalization of Northeast China, but also a window to observe the development of China. When it comes to tackling difficulties, the general secretary has a feeling:

　　"Confidence gold. As long as you have confidence, the future can be expected. In the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, the Northeast will certainly be able to regain its glory and create new achievements. "

　　"Of course, we should not blindly pursue miracles, but should be normal and grasp our historical position. Don’t make that kind of extreme and emotional move and go to the hospital in a hurry. Those practices are of no benefit. "

　　Normal mind is a calm and firm confidence.

　　"When the Party Central Committee looks at problems, it looks at the big picture. What is the most important mission of a place?" The general secretary said this passage, is a breakthrough point to understand China.

　　I can recognize opportunities and advantages better in my ordinary mind. Judging the opportunities and advantages of a place can better grasp the strategic positioning and historical mission of a place. From this point of view, we can have a deeper understanding of why we say "firmly grasp the Northeast in safeguarding the country ‘ Five major security ’ An important mission in "; Why did he go to Xinjiang? The general secretary proposed that "if the Silk Road Economic Belt is built, Xinjiang will probably become a prosperous center"; Why did you go to Sichuan, focusing on the construction of the country’s "rear area", hoping that "it will become a growth pole and a new power source for high-quality development" … …

　　In the new era, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities face common opportunities and responsibilities, which are the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation. Their respective advantages are advantages in the overall situation, advantages in opportunities and advantages in comparison.

　　During the inspection in Heilongjiang, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader heard a story: a young man was fishing leisurely by the river. When asked, he came to plant crops and was responsible for drone operation, which was completed that day.

　　In the past, land reclamation, "get up at 3: 30 in the morning, return to the stars, eat frozen buns, and eat snowflake soup"; Nowadays, the quality of science and technology in farmland is sufficient, and the agricultural modernization in Northeast China is ahead of the whole country.

　　This is the advantage of the northeast. White mountains and black waters, there is a vast space for agricultural modernization. Seeing the advantages and comparing the overall situation, the normal mind will come naturally.

　　Seek a domain from the whole, and serve the whole with a domain. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the southeast coast and repeatedly stressed that "a big economic province should bravely take the lead", which is the mission of a big economic province to serve the overall situation. This time in Heilongjiang, the general secretary told him to "strengthen the strategic supporting role of Northeast China", which is the duty and mission of Northeast China in the process of modernization.

　　Find the right positioning and anchor positioning, so as not to be arrogant and confident; Not arrogant, more sober. Regarding the role of Northeast China in food security, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader thought carefully: "Ensure that it can be produced and supplied in peacetime, and it can be supported and reliable in extreme cases. This is a global idea. It is equally glorious and important to continue to be China’s Beidacang and the Yangtze River Delta region as the center of cutting-edge technology in China. "

　　Normal mind is also a patience and determination.

　　This year, when I went to Pingjiang Road in Suzhou to see the flying needle of Suzhou embroidery, the Supreme Leader General Secretary said with emotion: "Chinese’s resilience, patience and determination are part of the spirit of the Chinese nation."

　　This resilience, patience and determination are also the attitude of facing complicated and difficult challenges, and the key to the endless life of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.

　　Our understanding of time is "not based on ten years or a hundred years, but on a hundred years or a thousand years". This is the strategic depth of China’s development, and it is also the foundation of our "normal mind".

　　In today’s China, the CPC Central Committee is like an arm, and the whole country is united. However, in some places, it is inevitable that the pace is a little urgent. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader earnestly exhorted this.

　　At this symposium, when talking about "accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system with advantages in Northeast China", the general secretary said: "This speed is also a theory of relativity, and modernization cannot violate the law."

　　Only with a normal mind can we have determination, and with determination and wisdom can we better create methods and plan ideas.

　　The winds and waves on the road to revival are high, and the reefs and shoals have not been interrupted in these years. In the face of "decoupling and breaking the chain", China has a strong response. The new development pattern of "double cycle" put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary is a painting made after thinking in the grass-roots investigation in the spring of 2020.

　　"After the epidemic prevention and control has turned smoothly, economic recovery is a process of wave-like development and tortuous progress." At the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting in July this year, the words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary showed the strategic determination of "flying in chaos is still calm".

　　Normal mind is a kind of strategic sobriety and strategic determination that is not confused by temporary obedience and insight into the essence of things. The development of history has its inevitability and regularity. There are twists and turns in the progress, and progress is made in the twists and turns. "Sometimes through the dust, sometimes through the mud, sometimes across the swamp, sometimes through the jungle."

　　There is an enterprising spirit of "always worrying" in my heart.

　　At this symposium, when it comes to achievements, the first thing that is affirmed is food; To make a request, first of all, we should say, "Be a good country to ensure stable grain supply ‘ Ballast stone ’ It is the primary responsibility of the Northeast. "

　　This is the tenth time that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has come to the Northeast after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and every time he comes, he will talk about food security. Take the protection of black land:

　　In Heilongjiang in 2018, the general secretary proposed "ensuring that black land will not be reduced or degraded". The investigation in Jilin in 2020 described the black land as a "giant panda in cultivated land", which required good protection and utilization; At the end of this year, the Central Rural Work Conference emphasized that "black land protection should be taken as a major event". Then, on August 1, 2022, China’s black land protection law was officially implemented.

　　I can’t rest assured all the time.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly mentioned the "spirit of nailing nails" and quoted the old saying that "it takes a long time to make a thousand miles". The times are always moving forward by constantly solving problems. Chinese-style modernization is on a road that no one has ever walked before. "If you insist on your goal and don’t relax, you must do it."

　　From prosperity to decline, and then to rejuvenation, we are now on a new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. To accomplish extraordinary things, there must be extraordinary spirit and extraordinary action.

　　"I advocate action."

　　In 2011, I visited a university in Guizhou, and around the "self-cultivation, managing the country and leveling the world" in "The University", the Supreme Leader talked about some feelings:

　　"Life will face different opportunities. Clouds are rolling and clouds are blooming and flowers are falling. The most important thing is to face it with a normal heart, think independently, practice internally and not be a layman."

　　I usually have confidence and responsibility in my heart. One person is like this, and so is a country.

　　(People’s Daily reporter Du Shangze Yang Xu)

Special feature of 1905 film network This week’s film channel "A Good Film with a Date" column, let’s walk in and feel the charm of the 69th British Film Academy Award for Best British Film!

Synopsis:In 1950s, Alice, an Irish girl whose life was frustrated repeatedly, went to America to look for a broader future with the help of her sister Rose and the priest. From being unfamiliar with the salesgirl’s work and missing her hometown, to meeting and getting married with her Italian boyfriend Tony, Alice completed the transformation in one year. Because of the sudden death of her sister Rose, she returned to her hometown, met the young squire Jim under the introduction of her mother, and inherited her sister’s work. While hesitating between home and far away, the grocer who once hired her threatened her. Finally, Alice resolutely returned to the United States, to her new husband.

01

The epic of a generation of Irish immigrants

The movie Brooklyn is named after a district in new york, USA. As one of the five districts in new york, Brooklyn is the most densely populated. It is also the initial foothold for early European immigrants and even immigrants from all over the world to set foot in the New World of new york. Not only the Irish immigrants introduced in this film, but also the Dutch, Italians and so on, so it is of great significance to choose the background of the film story in Brooklyn.

Although the film is named after a district in new york, USA, it tells the story of how a girl who came to the United States from Ireland made a choice between two countries, two boys and two different fates in the 1950s.

In 2016, it was nominated for many international awards, such as Oscar for Best Film, Best Actress and Best Adapted Screenplay. So what is the charm that makes such a film about the old-fashioned romantic history a masterpiece, and why can the choice of the heroine always touch the hearts of the audience?

02

: Author of the original novel Brooklyn

Famous contemporary Irish writers

The success of Brooklyn is inseparable from its original novel of the same name, and its author is colm tobin, a famous Irish writer who has experienced a foreign land and returned to his hometown. High-yield, best-selling, favored by the highest awards in British fiction, these are highly summarized by critics for Tobin’s works. However, the humorous Tobin said that Ireland is a serious hometown of literature, and throwing a stone casually on the road can hit a novelist.

In 2009, he was invited to China and gave speeches at Beijing Foreign Studies University and Shanghai Fudan University. But can you imagine? Such a great writer could not read and stammered until he was nine years old.

In 1955, Tobin was born into a taciturn Irish family. Later, influenced by Hemingway, he changed from a journalist to a writer. The life of living in various countries has made him feel personally about drifting. The creation of the novel Brooklyn originated from a story he heard when he was 12 years old. It was about a little girl who grew up and left the town where Tobin lived. This planted a seed in the young Tobin’s heart. It didn’t blossom until he was 54 years old. In 2015, six years after the novel was published, Brooklyn, the movie of the same name, made this story cross the mountains and rivers again.

03

Nominated for Best Actress Oscar for three times.

Spokesman of "New Generation Acting School"

Saoirse Ronan, an actress, and Alice, the heroine of this film, have somewhat the same experience. Ronan, whose parents are Irish, was born in new york, USA in 1994. When he was three years old, his parents brought him back to Ireland, where he grew up, and later went to Britain and Hollywood to develop. In an interview, she once said, "I don’t know where I come from, I’m just Irish."

Ronan’s father, paul ronan, is a well-known movie star in Ireland. Influenced by his father, Ronan decided to become an actor very early.

Ronan made her debut as an actress at the age of eight, but she did not rely on her father’s relationship. Instead, she got many opportunities to play roles through her outstanding performance in fierce audition competitions, including movies. With this film, she was nominated as the best supporting actress at the age of 14, which set off the peak of her acting career.

The movie Brooklyn is of great significance to Ronan, who successfully brought Ronan into the eyes of fans as an adult. Previously, people’s impression of her may still be the blue-eyed girl in Atonement who was able to show the complicated role psychology with performance at the age of 12. Although she had wonderful performances in movies and movies, these roles never helped her establish a suitable screen image.

It was not until Brooklyn that she played the role of an Irishman for the first time in the film, so she was very excited and put on weight to shape the role, which made the 21-year-old lose her original girlish feeling. However, it also adds a simple color to the role, more like an ordinary girl who has left her hometown and started from the bottom.

More interestingly, Ronan, who has always had a good relationship with his parents and has their full support, often tries and challenges some brave, independent and youthful rebellious characters. Just like her wonderful performance in movies and movies, she won two Oscar nominations for best actress with these two movies. These roles, which seem to have no intersection with her in real life, can be successfully shaped by her, which also shows her strong plasticity and becomes the spokesperson of the "new generation acting school".

Two different fates in life and two feelings that are hard to choose, the story of Brooklyn touches the heartstrings of every audience.In addition to the two countries in the movie, it is difficult for the heroine to choose, and there are two handsome boys who need her to make a choice. One is emory cohen, an American actor who plays an Italian plumber in the film, and the other is an Irish actor who ties the heroine’s hometown.Domhnall Gleeson.

What choice will Alice, the heroine, make between them? Let’s find the answer in this week’s "Jun Le Bao Jia Pian You Yue"!

Welcome to CCTV6 "Jun Le Bao Jia Pian You Yue"

20 February (Saturday)

Saturday Promotion Edition 22:09

Brooklyn 22:18

21 February (Sunday)

Brooklyn 13:26

Sunday Film Review Edition 15:12