In the first quarter, Guangdong invested 0.31 trillion yuan in real estate development, down 2.7% year-on-year. Among them, investment in commercial housing decreased by 1.2%.

　　Regionally, the investment in real estate development in the core area of the Pearl River Delta decreased by 1.9%, the coastal economic zone decreased by 3.1%, and the northern ecological development zone decreased by 11.1%.

　　annotations

　　1. Interpretation of main indicators

　　Investment completed by real estate development enterprises this year: refers to all the investment completed during the reporting period for housing construction projects, land development projects, public welfare buildings and land purchase fees. This indicator is cumulative data.

　　2. Statistical scope

　　All real estate development and operation legal entities.

　　3. Investigation methods

　　Conduct a comprehensive survey on a monthly basis (except January).

　　4. Division of economic regions

　　The core areas of the Pearl River Delta include 9 prefecture-level cities including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing. The coastal economic belt (east wing and west wing) includes seven prefecture-level cities: Shantou, Shanwei, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang and Maoming. The northern ecological development zone includes five prefecture-level cities: Shaoguan, Heyuan, Meizhou, Qingyuan and Yunfu.

　　5. Calculation of growth rate

　　In this paper, the year-on-year growth rate of real estate development investment is nominal growth rate.

　　CCTV News:On January 4th, the Ministry of Finance, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the State Civil Service Bureau released the revised Measures for the Administration of Training Fees of Central and State Organs, which revised the original measures in the aspects of training plan management, organization management, classified management of training items and calculation of lecture fees, so as to further promote the construction of the system of practicing economy and opposing waste.

　　The revised new method is quite distinctive in many aspects, such as clarifying the charging standard for lectures, stipulating that the lectures of academicians should not exceed 1,500 yuan per class hour, and the maximum 760 yuan per person per day at the provincial and ministerial levels, emphasizing that "whoever holds the lectures will bear the expenses", not charging the trainees, strictly prohibiting the transfer and apportionment of training expenses, and adding the content of supervision and inspection on whether there is extravagance and waste.

　　The new regulations implement the highest standard of project classification management 760 yuan/person/day.

　　The training management measures implemented on January 1, 2014 stipulate that the training fees shall be subject to comprehensive quota standards, itemized approval and total amount control. The comprehensive quota standards are accommodation fee 180 yuan/person/day, food fee 110 yuan/person/day, venue fee and lecture fee 100 yuan/person/day, information fee, transportation fee and other fees 60 yuan/person/day, and the total is 450 yuan/person/day. Training within 15 days is controlled according to the comprehensive quota standard; Training exceeding 15 days shall be controlled according to 80% of the comprehensive quota standard; More than 30 days of training, more than days in accordance with the comprehensive quota standard of 70% control. The above days include the check-in and evacuation time, and the check-in and evacuation time shall not exceed 1 day respectively.

　　Compared with the provisions of the 2014 version, the new method clearly implements the classified management of training projects and adjusts the comprehensive quota standard in conjunction with conference fees. According to the requirements of "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" classification and full-time training, the training programs are divided into three categories, which are applicable to provincial and ministerial level personnel, department-level personnel, division-level personnel and below. Considering that the training of central and state organs is basically held in Beijing, the original 180 yuan accommodation fee standard is difficult to meet the needs. According to the changes in market prices and the adjustment of conference fee standards, the comprehensive quota standard for training fees is appropriately raised.

　　The lecture fee is not more than 1,500 yuan/class hour for well-known experts.

　　According to the new regulations, the teacher fee refers to the expenses incurred by hiring teachers to teach, including the teacher’s lecture fee, accommodation fee, meals fee and inter-city transportation fee.

　　In the old regulations implemented in 2014, the provision that the charging standard for lecture fees is "calculated by half a day" is not accurate enough, and in actual implementation, one or two class hours are also calculated by half a day. This revision is linked with the provision of "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" that the calculation unit of lecture fees is adjusted from "half a day" to class hours, and the standards are as follows:

　　Deputy senior technical title professionals do not exceed 500 yuan per class;

　　Professional staff with senior technical titles shall not exceed the maximum of 1000 yuan per class hour;

　　Academicians and nationally renowned experts generally do not exceed 1,500 yuan per class hour.

　　This standard is reduced by half compared with the standard stipulated in the 2014 version of the method. At the same time, it is stipulated that the lecture fee shall be calculated according to the actual class hours, with a maximum of 4 class hours per half day. If multiple classes are taught at the same time, the lecture fee will not be calculated repeatedly.

　　No fees may be passed on to the trainees, and offenders will be transferred to judicial organs.

　　In terms of training plan management, the new method, while reiterating that the annual training plan of each unit is reported to the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Finance and the State Civil Service Bureau for the record, emphasizes that the temporarily added training items must be reported to the main responsible comrades of the unit for approval, and provide the approval materials for the main responsible comrades of the unit when reimbursing. At the same time, in the supervision and inspection, the content of "whether the temporary increase training plan is reported to the main responsible comrades of the unit for approval" has been added.

　　In terms of training organization and management, the new method emphasizes that "whoever holds the training will bear the cost" while reaffirming six "no" and five "no" prohibitions on training contents, meals, activities, etc., and it is forbidden to charge participants, transfer and apportion training expenses, and increase the content of supervision and inspection on whether there is extravagance and waste.

　　It is understood that the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Finance, the State Civil Service Bureau and other relevant departments will supervise and inspect the training activities of various units and the management and use of training fees. For violations of the new measures found in the inspection, the relevant departments will order them to make corrections, recover funds and notify them; The relevant responsible personnel shall be given disciplinary sanctions according to regulations; Those suspected of violating the law shall be handed over to judicial organs for handling.

　　Official standard of travel expenses: National staff stay in Beijing for one night without exceeding 500 yuan.

　　The Detailed List of Accommodation Standards for Staff of Central and State Organs Traveling to Local Areas, which came into effect in May 2016, stipulates that the accommodation standard for ministerial officials traveling to Beijing is limited to 1,100 yuan per day, while that for bureau-level officials is limited to 650 yuan and that for others is limited to 500 yuan per day. Ministerial officials go to Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Dalian, Jilin and other places, and the daily limit of accommodation fee is mostly 800 yuan.

　　In Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao City, Sanya City, Hainan Province and other places, during the peak season, the maximum daily limit of accommodation for ministerial officials on business trips rose to 1,200 yuan. The specific implementation standards are as follows ↓ ↓

Xintai Line, which is under the jurisdiction of Jinan Railway Depot, Jinan Railway Bureau, has many crossings, pedestrians and vehicles. The attendant in the driving room promptly informs the crossing workers that there is a train passing by, so as to prevent the problem of "mistakes, omissions and forgetfulness", which is very important for crossing safety. Since the development and application of crossing warning system in this section, whenever a train approaches the station, the system will send out a voice warning to remind the duty officer to inform the crossing workers, and the crossing safety has realized double insurance of machine control and human control.

The person who developed this crossing prompt system is Lu Baohua, the director of the technical department of Jinan Railway Depot. Over the years, Lu Baohua has researched and developed more than 40 safety management application systems. At the end of last year, he became an outstanding professional in the first batch of "1231" backbone talents project of Jinan Railway Bureau, and enjoyed the talent allowance.

From "soil expert" to "programming expert"

It’s true that Lu Baohua is a "soil expert". He graduated from high school, has no training in programming professional systems, and has been studying hard just because he likes to study electrical maintenance and computer technology, and has become a "master" who can write programs and software. 　　

In 1986, Lu Baohua worked as a connector at Zaoyuan Station for two years, and then transferred to Duan to be responsible for the maintenance of shunting walkie-talkies, which lasted for more than 30 years.

During his work, Lu Baohua became interested in computers. At that time, the price of a desktop computer was 30 thousand to 40 thousand yuan, while the monthly income of employees was only 100 yuan. In order to study computer principles and learn programming techniques, Lu Baohua saved 2000 yuan, bought motherboards and accessories, and assembled an 8086 computer with a shoe box as the chassis and a black-and-white TV as the screen. It is this machine that runs DOS system, has no mouse and hard disk, and has opened another field that he still loves today — — Computer programming.

The road to study and study technology is boring, but the experience of exploring new knowledge is happy. In order to understand the programming language, he dug out the high school textbook again and carefully reviewed English words; In order to understand the concept of function, he humbly asked young students; In order to adapt to the hardware upgrade, he scrimped and saved to update accessories.

Heaven rewards diligence. After several years of self-study, Lu Baohua mastered the programming technology. In 2000, he completed the compilation of the home page of the first office network in the train operation depot. Today, the homepage of Duan Office Network, which has been revised by him for many times, has maintained stable and efficient operation.

Concentrate on programming and take the lead

In 2004, Lu Baohua undertook the important task of developing the "Safety Management Information System" in the section. Compared with office web pages, this system is more logical and complicated to write.

Combining his years of driving experience, he began a difficult climb in the field of programming. He learned and tried again and again, analyzing function by function, testing module by module, writing down millions of bytes of code, and often reinventing himself because of a new inspiration and a new idea.

After half a year’s unremitting efforts, the "Safety Management Information System" has been developed and successfully put into use. Section safety management, information reporting and problem handling have been networked, open and visualized, and safety management has become more standardized and efficient. In 2005, "Safety Management Information System" won the third prize of scientific and technological progress of Jinan Railway Bureau.

Since then, Lu Baohua has provoked the whole system development, and successfully completed one management system after another. His newly developed version of "Safety Management Assessment System" has realized the intelligent management of safety problem entry, inquiry, statistics and assessment, greatly improved the work efficiency and made the assessment more open and transparent. The "Construction Management System" developed by him manages all the information such as construction content, registered stations, related stations, speed limit, safety measures, marking and controlling personnel, etc., and the formulation, review and approval of construction safety measures and operation processes are all carried out online, and the safety agreements signed with various units are also entered into the system, which makes the responsibilities and rights of construction safety management more clear and the process records well documented.

Strive for Excellence and pursue the ultimate

Lu Baohua is a persevering person who strives for perfection, and constantly revises and perfects the developed system to achieve perfection. The "Electronic Account Management System" developed by him was officially put into use in January this year. Information such as which reports each station needs to report, whether there is any omission or late reporting, whether the account records are filled in in time, etc. can be seen at a glance on the Internet, and the account is paperless.

Although the system has won unanimous praise from cadres and workers after its application, Lu Baohua feels that there is still room for improvement. He pointed to the computer screen and said, "When you look at this spreadsheet, when you pull it down, you can only see the numbers line by line, but you can’t see the column contents above, which is very inconvenient, so I made an improvement to make the column contents move down automatically with the table, so that even if you look at the numbers in the bottom line, you can know which column contents it is." Lu Baohua said this problem, many people will encounter at work, but he used his "super brain" to solve this problem for everyone.

Lu Baohua, 53 years old, has an ingenuity of Excellence and perfection under his ordinary appearance. He said: "every management system developed is a work made with painstaking efforts. Striving for perfection is my pursuit of work and the joy of my life." (Text/Jing Hui Wang Tian)

Recently, the topic of "the face value of Nortel School Flowers after 00" has set off a hot discussion in Weibo. Rao Jiadi, the flower of Nortel School after 00, entered the hot list with outstanding face value and unique temperament. Rao Jiadi, a new school flower, not only conquered many netizens with her beauty, but as a new actor, she has tried different styles of roles in many excellent works with her solid basic skills and deep understanding of roles. These works to be broadcast continue to attract the attention and expectation of netizens with her excellent production team and excellent cast!

In the "Fox Demon Little Matchmaker Wang Quan" co-starred with Cheng Yi and Li Yitong, he played the beautiful snow demon with a black belly; Esther Yu and Ding Yuxi co-starred in "Staring at the Milky Way at Night", playing a witty and kind peach. The latest work is "Jin Yue Ru Ge" starring Zhou Ye and Cheng Lei, and it is also a work that has attracted much attention from netizens recently. The work being filmed is "How to Beat Her Charming" co-starred with Jelly Lin and Alen, in which she plays the innocent and innocent Liu Tang. Rao Jiadi constantly deepened his understanding of performance in his role changes again and again.

As the school flower of Nortel, Rao Jiadi is naturally widely recognized in terms of face value. Her innocence and charm coexist, whether it’s a sweet smile or a loving eye, people will never forget it. And her modeling in the play is even more varied. This kind of immortal face value with exquisite makeup adds a lot of highlights to her dramatic increase in waiting to be broadcast.

Rao Jiadi’s drama to be broadcast covers a variety of types of people, from gentle and lovely to enchanting and black, and each work is full of challenges and surprises.

Xiaobian also found that this school flower is not only as simple as the face value. Privately, Rao Jiadi is a treasure girl with many possibilities. Surprisingly, Rao Jiadi also participated in the short film of the opening ceremony of the 2022 Winter Olympics-Countdown: beginning of spring.

At that moment, she interpreted her youth and dreams in a different way. Her figure shines on the screen, showing the vitality and grace of China youth to the world. This experience has undoubtedly added a lot of color to her multifaceted life.

In private, Rao Jiadi is a ghost horse girl full of youthful vitality, sometimes quiet, sometimes jumping out, having her own unique spiritual world, full of curiosity and keeping love for the world. The photo of the private server makes Xiaobian feel that Rao Jiadi has a natural feeling of coolness and no distance. There is always something special about beauty, and Rao Jiadi’s canthus mole also increases her recognition among the flowers.

In the future, with the series of dramas to be broadcast, I believe Rao Jiadi will give back the love of netizens with more vivid characters and excellent works. Let’s look forward to the wonderful blooming of the 00-year-old Nortel school flower on the screen, which will bring us more surprises and touches! # Rao Jiadi’s new drama expectation # # Nortel school flower Rao Jiadi # # Yan value and strength coexist #

Special feature of 1905 film network A week ago, a premiere event was held in Shanghai. The director of Ghibli, Kenji Hoshino, brought a personal letter from director Miyazaki Hayao, which read eight Chinese characters: "Spirited Away, please take care of it".

A week later, Spirited Away was released for four days, and the cumulative box office has exceeded 200 million. Miyazaki Hayao must have felt the love and care from China fans.

Last year, the 30th anniversary of its release was also celebrated by Studio Ghibli, and its digitally restored version was released for the first time in the Mainland, easily winning 173 million box office and successfully harvesting a wave of fans’ feelings.

This time, Spirited Away is even more powerful. The number of people who want to watch on the ticketing platform exceeds 200,000, and the score of Douban 1.11 million people reaches 9.3 points. It has won the box office championship for three consecutive days, pushing a number of Hollywood blockbusters to top the box office last week. "The movie ticket owed to Miyazaki Hayao can finally be returned."

It’s been 18 years since the Japanese premiere. What kind of magic does Spirited Away have?

Adult fairy tales that are never out of date

In 2001, as the 13th animated feature film of Studio Ghibli, Spirited Away was released in Japanese mainland. The total number of people watching movies exceeded 23 million, and the box office reached 30.8 billion yen, surpassing the highest-grossing film in Japanese film history. This record has not been surpassed so far.At the same time, Spirited Away is the only film that won both the Oscar for Best Animated Feature Film and the Golden Bear Award at Berlin Film Festival, which can be said to represent the highest achievement of Asian animation in the world, and its position in film history goes without saying.

For every ordinary audience, Spirited Away’s classic lies in that there is no age and time limit to appreciate it, and every time you revisit it, you will gain a different understanding of life.

When we were young, we might be scared to cry by monsters, have terrible nightmares that our parents turned into pigs, and be moved to tears by the innocent feelings between Chihiro and Bailong.

When we grow up, we gradually understand the metaphorical codes written by Miyazaki Hayao behind innocent fairy tales after social baptism.

Chihiro and his parents fell into a strange world, which is not only a microcosm of Japan’s bubble economy era, but also a world dominated by power and desire.

　

"People who don’t work hard will be turned into animals by Tang Popo", which is the rule of the world.

And the mechanical work day after day also makes us gradually lose ourselves and forget our original "name".

　

Faced with the temptation of material and money, we may have become bloated and greedy like Chihiro’s parents, like Kaonashi. We want to exchange money for friendship and care, but we find that we can’t fill our inner loneliness and emptiness.

When we were young, we always thought we were Chihiro, but when we grew up, we found our own shadow in Kaonashi.

　

The existence of Chihiro seems to remind us at all times how not to be erased by society, how to remain pure and enthusiastic in the face of money and desire, and how to prevent ourselves from becoming the most hated "adults".

Looking through Spirited Away’s short comments on various platforms, it is not difficult to find that people of different ages and experiences can gain inspiration and spiritual strength from them, which is the enduring charm of Spirited Away.

Not to mention, the metaphors of Japanese economy, society and the relationship between man and nature are ubiquitous in the film details. After 18 years, the interpretation of these metaphors has not stopped.

Therefore, behind Spirited Away’s big sale is not only the value of nostalgia, but also because it is an all-age animation in the true sense, which deserves two brushes, three brushes and N brushes.

What is the effectiveness of publicity in the Mainland?

From the beginning of May this year, Spirited Away officially announced the introduction of the mainland, and a series of publicity actions are also worth pondering.

First, two China posters designed by the Yellow Sea made it to the hot search, which attracted a wave of goodwill. The topic # Spirited Away Poster designed by the Yellow Sea in Weibo was also read more than 90 million times.

　

In recent years, Huang Hai, a designer, has almost become the spokesperson of online celebrity’s film posters, and he is good at combining Chinese style elements with film characteristics. In addition to waiting for masterpieces, My Neighbor Totoro’s poster, which was successfully published last year and praised by Japanese fans, was also written by Huang Hai.

　

In addition to the explosive posters, Spirited Away’s Mandarin version of the dubbing lineup is also an all-star level. The dubbing line-up led by Zhou Dongyu, Jing Bo Ran, Peng Yuchang, Tian Zhuangzhuang and Wang Lin triggered a hot discussion on the whole network once it was exposed.

It is a common propaganda routine to introduce cartoons with Chinese star dubbing lineup or propaganda ambassador, which often leads to controversial comments. This time, Spirited Away is no exception.

　

Chihiro, dubbed by Zhou Dongyu, is not consistent with the characters in the play, and some of them are "out of the play". This is not the first time that the professionalism of star dubbing has been questioned.

Due to the lack of preparation time and dubbing experience, the level of star dubbing is often criticized by the audience, and the significance of promoting the platform for the film mostly exceeds dubbing itself.

In addition, the cosplay posters shot by several voice actors for the film have also been vomited, and this wave of publicity focusing on Star Card has certainly enhanced its influence, but the effect is somewhat mixed.

　

Another major marketing event in Spirited Away is Charlie’s cover of the theme song Dear Traveler. This well-known classic melody cooperated with Charlie’s "immortal voice" and was successfully "out of the circle", which quickly boarded the hot search, and the topic discussion reached 190 million times.

Good wine is afraid of the deep alley. Although Spirited Away’s propaganda is not a hit, it is mostly based on the characteristics of the film, which is in line with the tonality and temperament of the film and the target audience, and thus has achieved good publicity results.

"Replay" is a good business?

The movie "re-screening" is nothing new in the mainland market. Since 2013, the number of re-screened movies has exceeded 60, some of which are domestic and domestic animations of "one-day trips" and the other are domestic and imported classic films with IP and emotional attributes.

Strictly speaking, My Neighbor Totoro, Spirited Away and other films were released for the first time in mainland China, and they did not belong to the category of "re-screening". However, in a broad sense, they chose to release the films several years after the premiere, on the basis that the films have accumulated a large number of mainland fans, and they undoubtedly have the property of "re-screening".

In 2009, the re-screening directed by Wong Kar-wai and starring Leslie Cheung won 25.92 million box office, which set off a wave of classic IP re-screening. Classic Hong Kong films have been "re-screened" in the Mainland, but the box office results are mixed.

Among them, "The Great Sage of a Chinese Odyssey" took the "extended version" as the gimmick, and cooperated with the feelings to promote it. In 2017, it won 177 million box office, creating a box office record for Chinese film reruns.

However, the box office of films such as Ghost Story and Xinlongmen Inn did not exceed 10 million, and the box office re-released last year was even less than one million, which can be described as ice and fire.

In order to enhance the freshness, sense of the times and publicity stunt, 2D to 3D is also one of the common ways to replay old films. In 2012, the 3D version of Titanic won 946 million mainland box office, making it an insurmountable peak. In 2013, the 3D version also earned 349 million box office in the Mainland, which was quite impressive.

In terms of Chinese films, the box office of the 3D version reached 97.74 million, but the 3D version released in the same year claimed that the conversion fee was as high as 20 million, but in the end it only earned 25.43 million box office. Unlike 2D repair costs of several million, 3D conversion costs are relatively high, and it is not a steady business.

It is not difficult to see from the above examples that although the reprinting of old films has certain advantages in cost performance, the explosions that can really shake the market are only rare. More old films can only be restored and replayed as a useful supplement to the film market, and the artistic value of making classic films "see the light of day" with a brand-new look is often higher than its market value.

Whether it was My Neighbor Totoro’s A Chinese Odyssey or Spirited Away today, a "re-released explosion" is the result of top IP value, strong fan base and marketable publicity strategies.

Perhaps, because of Spirited Away’s success, a large number of "re-animated films" are on their way, but it is not easy to create the next Spirited Away when feelings are seriously harvested and overdrawn.

Hello!Adding WeChat xiuge20200606 has the following benefits:

1. Receive the discount list of new houses in Beijing.

2. Get a free map of buying a house and avoiding pits in Beijing.

3. Pull into Beijing to buy a house exchange group.

4, buying a new house can receive tens of thousands-hundreds of thousands of cash subsidies!

5, free to pull into the second-hand housing & school district housing exchange group!

Official website address：www.fangdadi.com

The current entrepreneurial environment has indeed become more difficult, which is not only from the macro environment, but also the true feelings of many entrepreneurs.

I have a hunch that enterprises will face greater challenges next year, and the main problem lies in the lack of confidence.

I have worked with many listed chairmen of the Shanghai and Beijing Chambers of Commerce or"The man with the iron bowl"I deeply understand the pressure brought by the business environment, as well as the real experiences of many entrepreneurs around me.

At the same time, I am in Beijing with some"Dog legs"After a few months, I can only describe it in one word-"clothing".

If you don’t accept it, you have to accept it. In order to maintain the operation of the enterprise, you have to send cards and money in exchange for the so-called"convenience",After the delivery, people will light my cigarette when they meet.

If you don’t send or even accept abusive treatment, this help"Dog legs"I dare to swear behind closed doors. This will be replaced by a place, I guess."Dog legs"Designate to hit people behind closed doors.

Ladies and gentlemen, don’t fantasize and question. Don’t be naive, don’t think about justice, and don’t do that. It’s no use. I’ll tell you with my actual combat experience:"Sending money is the fastest and best solution"!Other things are really useless and a waste of time. This is the reality, and the result of uncompromising may be that the enterprise is brought down.

Fighting with the sky, fighting with the ground, and fighting with people may all find a way out; But only don’t talk to those who flatter and bully others."Dog legs"Competing for each other, because the power behind them is often overwhelming.

RecallThe best time to start a business,It was an era full of passion and dreams. Encouraged by entrepreneurs such as Ma Yun, countless young people joined the entrepreneurial wave. The environment at that time was relatively relaxed, encouraging innovation and adventure.However, with the advance of the torrent of the times, the fate of individuals and enterprises is often involuntary. Only when the overall environment becomes conducive to entrepreneurship can we succeed more easily.

In the past few years, due to well-known reasons, the economic situation was grim, many industry leaders chose to remain silent, and Ma Yun did not return to China for a long time.In the past two years, the office rent has halved and the vacancy rate has exceeded 30%, which reveals a surprising aspect of the social and economic structure.The residential market has also experienced violent fluctuations, and the sharp drop in house prices has caused widespread concern, but the decline in the office market is more serious.

Recently, a message from a circle of friends has aroused widespread concern on the Internet:An entrepreneur in the live broadcast e-commerce industry issued an appeal late at night, suggesting that his peers give up the deposit and find a new office space with a rent lower than 2.5 yuan/m2/day.According to the entrepreneur, the rent of Hangzhou Future Science and Technology City has dropped sharply, and many large parks even offer rent-free concessions. Even so, it is still difficult to attract tenants.Who would have thought that the once prosperous office market would cool down at such a rapid rate?

This change not only reflects the downward pressure on the economy, but also exposes the imbalance between supply and demand in the market. For entrepreneurs, how to find a way to survive in this environment has become a key problem to be solved urgently. Faced with this reality, we need more flexible strategies and perseverance to deal with the uncertainty in the future.

Office buildings are known as urban economy."barometer"Its origin can be traced back to the end of the 19th century, but until the early 1980s, most people in China were still very unfamiliar with the concept of office buildings. At that time, the office buildings were mainly xz office buildings of zf organs and units.(Without yanlun’s freedom, I dare not type many words, let alone say them, so I call them "cows, cows" in this environment.).

With the promotion of the reform and opening-up policy, more and more foreign-funded enterprises flock to China to seek business opportunities. However, these enterprises in China’s major cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, are faced with the dilemma of finding suitable office places and have to choose hotels to handle their daily business and liaison affairs. This situation has given birth to a strong demand for modern commercial office services.

In this context, landmark buildings such as the Chocolate Building in Beijing (namely, Beijing International Building), the Friendship Building in Shanghai and the Diwang Building in Shenzhen came into being, and modern office buildings sprang up one after another, gradually forming the central business district (CBD) of the city, marking the development of the office market in China has entered a new stage.

These office buildings are home to key industries such as finance, high-tech, insurance, etc., and the business elites can release huge economic efficiency when talking and laughing. Seeing this scene, investors have turned their attention to office buildings, and the "building economy" came into being, and the office market gradually took shape.

With the state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises and private enterprises moving into the Central Business District (CBD) one after another, office buildings have become hot assets in first-tier cities. Data show that in 2007, the demand for office buildings in Shanghai was in short supply, and the vacancy rate of Grade A office buildings was as low as 1.6%.

At the same time, the office market has contributed remarkable economic benefits to first-tier cities and become their veritable "vertical printing machine". This phenomenon not only reflects the importance of office buildings as the core of commercial activities, but also highlights the important engine role of economic development in first-tier cities.

In 2020, among the 285 office buildings in Shanghai Lujiazui Financial City, 4 have a tax revenue of more than 6 billion yuan, 20 have a tax revenue of more than 2 billion yuan and 32 have a tax revenue of more than 1 billion yuan, and the tax revenue of 110 office buildings has reached the level of 100 million yuan. In Shenzhen, less than 20 square kilometers of Yuehai Street, there are more than 100 office buildings of listed companies, and the total annual GDP has exceeded 300 billion yuan. In the face of such a huge economic volume, who can not be moved?

In recent years, with the gradual expansion of domestic enterprises to second-tier cities, second-tier cities have used the experience of first-tier cities for reference in order to attract investment, and increased the intensity of office building construction. According to the data, as of 2019, more than 200 cities or urban areas in China have issued plans or policies related to building economy. High-grade office buildings have mushroomed in major cities, which indicates that commercial real estate in China has entered a new stage of development.

Every night, the light show of CBD in each city is dizzying, and on the surface, it presents a scene of economic prosperity. However, behind this bright light, there are many hidden crises.With the advancement of urban transformation and upgrading, more and more cities have concentrated on releasing office supply, resulting in a long-term high vacancy rate.

according toWhite Paper on China Office Building Market in 2021At present, there are 19 cities in the mainland that are at the peak of construction. The average daily rent of high-quality office buildings in these cities is only 2.2 yuan/square meter, and the vacancy rate is close to 40%.According to market data, at the end of last year, the vacancy rate of office buildings in several major first-tier cities in China exceeded 20%: the vacancy rate in Beijing was 21.7%, and that in Shanghai was 21.8%, up 5 percentage points from the previous year; The situation in Shenzhen is even more serious, with the vacancy rate of Grade A office buildings exceeding 30.6%.

It is worth noting that the above official data may not fully reflect the actual situation.There are rumors that the actual vacancy rate in Shenzhen may be as high as 70%.Such a high vacancy rate has aroused public concern."oversupply"Wide criticism. This not only reveals the potential risks of the commercial real estate market, but also challenges the urban planning and development strategy.

In order to reduce losses, owners have reduced rents to attract enterprises to settle in.According to data from dtz,In the third quarter of 2024, the rent of Beijing office market fell to 266.1 yuan/square meter/month, down 4.7% from the previous month and 13.5% from the same period last year.According to a report by Jones Lang LaSalle,In the third quarter of this year, the average rent of Grade A office buildings in 40 major cities nationwide was 80.3 yuan/square meter/month, with a decrease of 0.4% to 5.6% from the previous month.

This means that the vacancy rate of office buildings has reached a new high for more than a decade, while the rental price has fallen to the lowest point for more than a decade.There are even rumors that many large parks have directly adopted rent-free measures in order to save property fees. Even so, the high vacancy rate of office buildings is still difficult to be effectively alleviated. Once a smash hit, the symbolic building regarded as the development of market economy no longer has its former style and prosperity after a large number of office areas are closed.

The future of office buildings has become an urgent problem to be solved. In order to reactivate this market and meet the new market demand, relevant departments have made various attempts, which have aroused great concern from all walks of life. The main measures focus on the following aspects:

The first is to re-evaluate and upgrade the business function of the office building. Leading enterprises and chain-owner enterprises are introduced into super-Grade A commercial buildings to enhance the concentration and output intensity of business formats and build a brand of characteristic commercial buildings; Grade a buildings focus on introducing high-quality enterprises to improve the quality of operation and service; Grade B buildings promote functional integration and compound development, and improve the level of property management; Class C buildings provide flexible and low-cost office space for small and micro enterprises through micro-renovation, micro-renewal and shared office mode.

Secondly, carry out functional transformation of commercial buildings, such as transforming office buildings into spaces for other purposes such as hotels, hospitals or elderly care facilities. This not only re-plans the physical attributes of the building, but also meets the current market demand, policy orientation and community function demand.

In the process of seeking transformation, a major challenge that enterprises need to overcome is to obtain the support and cooperation of relevant departments to ensure that they can successfully obtain the necessary business licenses. In addition, the transformation strategy of "changing business to living" has also become one of the choices of many enterprises, providing a feasible way.

Through these comprehensive adjustment and reform measures, the office market is expected to gradually adapt to the new economic environment and development trend, and find a new path suitable for its own development.

Transforming office buildings into residential areas can not only effectively cope with the rising vacancy rate of commercial buildings, but also alleviate the current situation of housing shortage to some extent. However, this measure needs to be handled with caution, because it may lead to social contradictions and new unfairness. There is a significant difference in land price between commercial land and residential land, and residential land is usually more expensive."Business changes to residence"The project enters the housing market at a lower cost. For example, the unit price of a house in a big city can reach 60,000 yuan per square meter, while the unit price of the "business to live" project is only 20,000 yuan. This price gap may have an impact on the existing housing market, and how to balance the interests of other housing owners has become a big challenge.

It is not easy to implement the above measures. We still have a long way to go to revitalize the office market on the premise of ensuring social fairness as much as possible. At one time, the office building market contributed super-high economic benefits to the first-tier cities, and was praised as one of many entrepreneurs."vertical banknote printing machine".However, with the deterioration of the economic environment in recent years, this "money printing machine" seems to have become a "meat grinder", and many entrepreneurs have lost their money and been displaced.

However, there have been two symbolic events recently:Ma Huateng, who has always been low-key, wrote in People’s Daily, and Ma Yun also returned to China with high profile.

Ma Huateng’s article is entitled"Contributing Internet Power to Economic Recovery"He expressed his confidence in the bright future of private enterprises. These landmark events not only reflect that China’s private economy is experiencing a turning point, but also send a positive signal, which indicates that there may be more support policies in the future to help enterprises recover and develop.

In this context, how to activate the office market while ensuring fairness will be an important issue for some time to come. Through reasonable policy guidance and support, the office market is expected to gradually adapt to the new economic environment and development trend, and find a new path suitable for its own development.

Recently, a series of legal system construction, such as the legislative advancement of the private economy promotion law, have provided a solid legal guarantee for private enterprises to go into battle lightly. At the same time, actively explore digital consumption, aiming at creating richer consumption scenarios, modes and formats, and further stimulating market vitality. We firmly believe that with the support of such policies, private enterprises will usher in a bright future, and China’s economy will also ride the wind and waves and strive to move forward. It is an important task to improve quality and efficiency, optimize business layout and promote healthy and sustainable development of various industries.

It is worth noting that Ma Huateng, who has always been known for his low profile, has made a high-profile voice this time.People’s dailyPublish articles to emphasize the bright future of private economy. This move not only sent a strong positive signal, but also injected a shot in the arm for the development of private enterprises.Ma Huateng said in the article that he believes that private enterprises will have bright prospects and promises to contribute to the economic recovery.

At the same time, Ma Yun has been particularly active recently. As we all know, Ma Yun has been traveling abroad for the past two years and rarely returns to China to participate in foreign activities or make public speeches. However, Ma Yun’s sudden return to China at the end of November caused widespread concern, which not only attracted a hot search, but also excited the entire Alibaba Group, and the whole network was hotly debated.

Some employees recalled:"The last time I saw Mr. Ma was the’ Double Eleven’ in 2022. Time flies, but the intimacy remains unchanged."This unexpected joy made the whole park boil. Ma Yun looks cheerful and greets everyone with a smile. This long-lost interaction has brought inspiration and confidence to many people.

Ma Huateng and Ma Yun, two iconic figures in China’s Internet industry, have sent positive signals one after another, indicating that China’s private economy is welcoming new development opportunities and injecting strong confidence and support into the market.

I have been paying close attention to the opinions of top entrepreneurs.Because their opinions often have important reference value.Ma Huateng and Ma Yun spoke at the same time.I don’t think this is an accidental phenomenon.But gj hopes to convey an important signal through these entrepreneurs:Gj is attaching great importance to the development of private economy and injecting a shot in the arm for private entrepreneurs to enhance their confidence in future development.

Combined with a number of recently released policies, it can be predicted that 2025 will be a crucial year for the country to promote the development of private economy. This year is full of challenges and countless expectations. According to the analysis of many experts and folk wise men, there may be seven major trends in China in 2025:

First of all, in the housing market and the stock market,"maintaining stability"Will be the main theme.In recent years, house prices have continued to fall, and real estate companies have frequent crises.The top management decided on October 9th."Stabilize the property market and stock market, and prevent and resolve risks and external shocks in key areas".Despite the policy support, the market temporarily recovered.But in my opinion.In the next two or three years, house prices are likely to continue to drop, and real investment and consumer confidence have not fully recovered.

Secondly,The life of ordinary people will be even more tight.. Since the mask, it has become more and more difficult to make money, and it is under great pressure to work or do business. Even if many people work hard, they still can’t make ends meet after deducting the cost of living.Fall into a vicious circle of getting busier and poorer..

Third,Spiritual consumption demand will look for new exports. The degradation of consumption has prompted people to change from luxury to simple life, and at the same time, some people have begun to seek ways of inner peace, such as obtaining spiritual comfort through cultural phenomena such as Dong Yuhui, Dao Lang and Li Ziqi.

Fourth,The aggravation of aging and the shortage of young labor force have formed a situation of "green and yellow".With China stepping into a deeply aging society, the fertility rate of post-80s and post-90s declined, which led to the problem of human resources gap in traditional industries. How to inherit and develop it has become an urgent problem.

Fifth,The development of AI technology has impacted traditional entities.Although AI has improved efficiency, it has also accelerated the elimination process of some industries, especially those traditional industries and manufacturing industries that have been hit by e-commerce, facing unprecedented survival challenges.

Sixth,The phenomenon of "hollowing out" may appear in big cities.Over the past few decades,"dream of entering the city"It attracts countless migrant workers and young people to flood into cities, but now the high cost of living and uncertain career prospects force many people to choose to leave, leading to the gradual decline of urban vitality.

Seventh,The employment situation may deteriorate further.Factors such as the global economic slowdown and trade frictions may lead to an increase in layoffs, and the responsibility for creating jobs is difficult to be borne by only a few surviving small enterprises and individual operators, especially in the face of the surge in the number of college graduates.The job market in 2025 will be even more severe.

To sum up, China’s economic and social development in 2025 will face many uncertainties, but it will also have the opportunity to meet the challenges and realize transformation and development through policy adjustment and technological innovation.

　　People’s governments of all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Central Propaganda Department, Central Information Office, Central Finance Office, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Development and Reform Commission, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Science and Technology, Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Ministry of Security, Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of Human Resources and Social Security, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Ministry of Transport, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Ministry of Culture and Tourism, People’s Bank of China, General Administration of Customs, State Administration of Taxation and General Administration of Market Supervision.

　　In order to implement the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China’s Proposal on Formulating the Fourteenth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target in 2035 and the Outline of the Fourteenth Five-year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and the Long-term Target in 2035 in People’s Republic of China (PRC), and promote the high-quality development of foreign trade, with the approval of the State Council, the "Fourteenth Five-year Plan for High-quality Development of Foreign Trade" (hereinafter referred to as the "Plan") is hereby issued to you, and relevant matters are notified as follows:

　　First, all localities are requested to strengthen organizational leadership, clarify the division of responsibilities, improve the working mechanism, formulate the "Planning" and implement policy measures in detail to ensure that all tasks are implemented and effective.

　　Second, please the State Council to promote the high-quality development of trade in the inter-ministerial joint meeting of the member units, relevant departments and units in accordance with the division of responsibilities, strengthen coordination and cooperation, in accordance with the requirements of the inter-ministerial joint meeting mechanism, form a joint effort, improve supporting measures, guide and support all localities to do a good job in the implementation of the Plan.

　　Three, the Ministry of Commerce will, in accordance with the spirit of the State Council’s reply, in conjunction with relevant departments to strengthen the follow-up analysis and coordination of the implementation of the "Planning", timely organize the evaluation of the implementation of the "Planning", and timely report major issues to the CPC Central Committee and the State Council.

　　Ministry of Commerce

　　November 23, 2021

　　"Fourteenth Five-Year Plan" for High-quality Development of Foreign Trade. pdf

In the past two years, the state and local governments have issued a series of policies to support the power exchange mode, explicitly supporting the construction of power exchange stations and encouraging the separation of vehicles and electricity.

By the end of April 2021, there were 63,000 public charging stations and 870,000 public charging piles in China. The total number of power stations is about 650, of which Beijing accounts for 33%, Guangdong accounts for 16%, and Zhejiang, which ranks third, accounts for 8%, while the number of power stations in other provinces is very low.

It can be seen that the current situation of power exchange station in China is low in quantity and uneven in distribution, and it is only used as a supplementary means of charging mode at present.

Then, can the future power exchange mode develop rapidly and become the ultimate mode of electric vehicle power supply?

Advantages:

1. The separation of vehicle and electricity in power exchange mode can reduce the cost of car purchase. Consumers only buy electric cars, and the batteries are used by leasing.

2. The replaced storage battery can be charged during the low power consumption period, and the power consumption cost is low.

3. Changing the power solves the problems of long charging time and short driving range. The split-box power exchange technology adopted by Bertram Technology can complete the power exchange within 5 minutes; The chassis power exchange technology adopted by Weilai can complete the power exchange in 3 minutes, which greatly relieves the mileage anxiety of car owners.

4. The closed-loop management of battery is realized by changing power, and the battery life is improved. The maintenance, recovery and reuse of batteries are handled by power grid enterprises.

5. Change electric energy to improve the efficiency of operating vehicles.

Disadvantages:

1. The construction cost of power exchange station is high.

2. There are many kinds of batteries, and it is difficult to unify the specifications.

3. The battery performance is quite different.

4. There are security risks: whether the battery box is firmly combined with the car body, and whether the power supply and communication interface are reliable in the state of frequent power exchange are all risks in the power exchange mode.

From the perspective of investment cost, changing power stations > charging piles.

The investment cost of a power station is about 1.5 million to 4 million yuan, including fixed assets investment Q, site rental, personnel operation and maintenance, etc. Looking back at ordinary fast-charging piles, the cost of charging piles ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands according to the charging power. The slow filling pile is cheaper, usually it can be built within 10 thousand yuan, and it is small and convenient.

From the perspective of investment cost, the power exchange station is higher than the charging pile. This is also why the penetration rate of domestic charging piles is much higher than that of changing power stations.

From the point of use efficiency, changing power station > charging pile.

● The power changing time of the power changing station is about 5 minutes;

● The charging time of fast filling pile is 30-60 minutes (charging to 80%); Slow charging can be as long as several hours.

Compared with the refueling of traditional fuel vehicles, changing electricity is closer to refueling and more efficient in terms of use time. However, the actual charging time of the current fast-charging charging pile is related to the battery capacity (size), charging pile power (speed) and rate limit (protection) of the electric vehicle, and can not fully reach the rated power of the charging pile.

From the perspective of use cost, the power station is less than or equal to the charging pile.

In terms of the use cost of power exchange, taking Weilai as an example, the price of power exchange is 180 yuan, the battery capacity is 70Kwh, and the cruising range is about 420 kilometers, equivalent to 0.42 yuan per kilometer; Taking BAIC Q as an example, three electricity exchange packages were launched: package A is 432 yuan/1,200 kilometers; B Package 630 yuan /1800 km; C package 1020 yuan /3000 kilometers. It’s about 0.34 yuan per kilometer.

Generally, the battery capacity of electric vehicles is about 50Kwh, and the first charge (public) is about 1.5 yuan. The cost of fully charging is 75 yuan RMB, and the cruising range is about 300km, which is equivalent to about 0.25 RMB per kilometer. For drivers who make a living by operation and people whose expenses need to be controlled, the lower the price, the better. For people with relatively high incomes, it is almost negligible. However, although the difference between the two kinds of charging costs is nearly double, consumers’ perception is not obvious, and they can’t feel it in the short term, but many a mickle makes a mickle in the long run.

From the point of view of practical promotion and use, changing power station ≤ charging pile

Charging piles can appear in the form of "charging stations" or "single piles". For the site requirements, the DC pile is slightly larger, and less than 1 square meter is enough; AC installation can be divided into wall-mounted type and column type. The former is hung on the wall and does not occupy the floor area, while the latter has thin columns and hardly occupies the area.

The battery pack storage warehouse, mechanical installation arm and distribution system between the warehouse and the power station are needed in the power station. Even if it is streamlined, it needs to "occupy a lot of territory."

In addition, both the power station and the charging pile will face the same kind of "waiting problem", that is, queuing to charge/change electricity. -At a site with a large flow of electric vehicles, the frequency of charging personnel is very high, and there will be phenomena such as queuing for charging piles and queuing for changing electricity. Charging piles take a long time and often wait for a long time; It is faster to change power at a power station, but if the battery in the library is not full, it still needs to wait for a long time.

Therefore, from the perspective of investors’ input, consumers’ experience and cost use, and manufacturers’ production standards, input and use costs have become a set of contradictions. According to market rules, the price should be higher under high input, but investors stand in the perspective of laying and promoting first, and take this high cost to consumers. Therefore, it has created a difficult situation that investors can’t make money in a short time, which further limits the pace for investors to continue to promote and expand. And manufacturing companies, including car companies and battery manufacturers, have different specifications without standard implementation, so there will be a kind of chaos: There are a lot of power stations, but the power stations that support my family can’t be used in your family.

However, taking history as a mirror, some good things are not popular at present, not because they are bad, but because of various reasons, such as current politics, cost, trust and so on, it may be possible to change time, a group of people and a place. From the perspective of user-oriented experience, people are often willing to "pay the price" and pay for it.

Popularization needs comprehensive development in investment cost performance, engineering feasibility, safety and controllability, and also needs policy support and assistance in standard formulation. It also needs users to experience low use cost, convenient use, safety and reliability to form trust.

Therefore, in a broad sense, it is difficult to promote the power exchange mode, but it can really solve the long-term problem of difficult charging; From the narrow sense of a single brand and model, the battery changing mode has indeed solved the problem of difficult/slow charging.

　　Iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of national economy. Steel products are used in national defense security and people’s production and life, and weapons and equipment, energy production, transportation, machine building, housing construction and so on are inseparable from steel materials. At the same time, the steel industry is also a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. Doing a good job in energy saving and emission reduction in the steel industry is of great significance for China to achieve the goal of "double carbon". The steel industry has a high degree of industrial correlation and a long supply chain. To promote the green and low-carbon development of the steel industry, efforts must be made from the whole chain of the steel industry chain and supply chain.

　　First, energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry chain and supply chain are the highlights of "carbon reduction"

　　(1) Steel production has a large carbon emission and high unit energy consumption.

　　The development stage of China’s economy, the characteristics of resource endowment, the heavy industrial structure and the energy structure dominated by fossil energy make China’s carbon emission base large and grow rapidly. Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization "China2030Peak carbon dioxide emissions Research Report years ago shows that,2019In, China’s total social carbon emissions were about105100 million tons, of which carbon emissions from energy activities are about98Billions of tons, accounting for a proportion87%. In the carbon emission structure in the field of energy activities, the proportion of carbon emissions in the field of energy production and transformation and the field of energy terminal consumption is respectively47%and53%The steel industry is the industry with the largest carbon emission in the field of energy terminal consumption, accounting for the carbon emission in the field of energy activities.17%, much higher than the second and third building materials (8%) and chemical industry (6%) industry.2017China’s steel emissions per ton in.2Tons of carbon dioxide, far higher than the international advanced level.2018In, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel in key large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises in China reached.555Kilogram standard coal/Tons, much higher than Germany.251Kilogram standard coal/Tons, USA276Kilogram standard coal/Tons. It can be seen that the carbon emissions from steel production account for the largest proportion in the field of energy consumption, while the unit energy consumption is high, which is far from the international advanced level.

　　(B) steel logistics, transport links, carbon emissions.

　　At present, China has built the most complete steel industry system in the global industrial chain, effectively supporting the steel demand of downstream industries and the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and the steel output is continuous.25Ranked first in the world in, resulting in a huge amount of logistics. The main reason for the large carbon emission of logistics in China’s steel industry is that it is influenced by resource endowment. In the transportation of raw materials, due to the shortage of domestic natural mineral resources, especially high-grade mineral resources, steel raw materials rely on imports, resulting in long-distance transportation. Second, it is influenced by the layout of the steel industry. Domestic raw materials are mainly transported from the north to the south, which makes the transportation distance of raw materials involving iron ore, coking coal and other bulk materials longer. In the transportation of finished products, due to the large number, high dispersion and wide distribution of iron and steel enterprises in China, the layout of production areas is far from the consumer market, which makes the finished products need large-scale and long-distance transportation. The long-term demand in the southeast coastal areas, especially in the Pearl River Delta region, is large, and the production capacity in the Bohai Rim region needs to flow to the south. Third, it is influenced by production technology. China’s iron and steel production is mainly based on long-flow technology, and the transshipment in the factory is complicated. Generally speaking, the annual output of crude steel is up to.10100 million tons, the corresponding flow is about100100 million tons, of which four are transported outside the factory and six are transported inside the factory. Fourth, it is influenced by the mode of steel transportation. Transportation is the second largest field of energy consumption and carbon emission in China. Among them, the energy consumption of highways is the largest, and the energy consumption accounts for the total amount in the transportation field.83%Waterway is the second, and railway is the cleanest and low-carbon mode of transportation, and its energy consumption accounts for the total amount of transportation.3%. Road transportation is widely used in China’s steel logistics, which inevitably produces a lot of carbon emissions. Therefore, the iron and steel industry is influenced by many factors, such as resource endowment, production layout, technology and transportation mode, with high output, large logistics volume and huge carbon emissions.

　　Second, the steel industry must take effective measures to reduce carbon emissions.

　　(A) the establishment of carbon emission accounting system, to guide the industry carbon emission reduction.

　　Carbon trading is a transaction that takes carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, thus forming carbon dioxide emission rights.2011In, the pilot project of carbon emissions trading in China started.2013The first carbon emission trading platform started trading in Shenzhen in 2006. Since then, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and other provinces and cities have successively launched pilot carbon emission trading. this yearsevenmoon16The national carbon emissions trading market opened on June. Because the power generation industry is in the field of energy production and conversion with the largest carbon emission in the whole society, it is first included in the national carbon emission trading market.

　　In order to achieve the goal of "double carbon", the steel industry, as the industry with the largest carbon emission in the field of energy terminal consumption, is the key area of carbon control management, and will be included in the national carbon emission trading market in the future, so as to promote the transformation of steel production enterprises to clean production and reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, it is urgent for iron and steel enterprises to develop carbon emission accounting standard system, carbon control organization system and personnel training, so as to establish carbon emission accounting system in iron and steel industry and lay the foundation for carbon quota allocation and carbon emission trading system implementation.

　　(B) the implementation of steel production process transformation, reduce carbon emissions in production.

　　The 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to promote the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy such as coal, and promote the green transformation of steel, petrochemical, building materials and other industries. Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization "China2030Years ago, the peak carbon dioxide emissions Research Report put forward that to realize peak carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to "change the energy production mode with clean substitution and change the energy use mode with electric energy substitution".

　　The technological transformation of green steel production includes electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking. Electric furnace steelmaking is the main way to promote the substitution of electric energy, with scrap steel as the main raw material and electricity as the main energy source. This method has low energy consumption, low emissions and obvious advantages in energy saving and emission reduction. At present, the proportion of electric furnace steelmaking in China is only9%The proportion of electric furnace steelmaking in the United States and the European Union reached respectively.62%、40%. At present, the development conditions of electric furnace steelmaking are mature, energy saving and environmental protection. China should adopt lower carbon electric furnace steelmaking to reduce carbon emissions in steel production. Hydrogen energy steelmaking is beneficial for hydrogen to replace carbon monoxide as reducing agent, and there is no carbon dioxide emission in the reduction process, which can realize complete decarbonization of steel production and is the future development direction.

　　(C) steel logistics to green transformation, reducing carbon emissions in the steel supply chain

　　Iron and steel logistics should achieve green development by changing the mode of transportation, developing multimodal transport and developing smart transportation. The first is to change the mode of transportation. On the one hand, it is to promote "replacing oil with electricity" and promote enterprises to use new energy vehicles for road transportation. At present, China’s new energy vehicle industry is leading the world, new technologies are constantly emerging, the cost of lithium batteries is declining, and hydrogen energy technology is gradually mature and applied, which has the advantage of developing new energy vehicles; On the other hand, we should change from road transportation to cleaner railway transportation, reduce the proportion of road transportation, increase the proportion of railway transportation, speed up the construction of freight railway, solve the "last mile" problem and attract enterprises to choose railway transportation. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, it is proposed to speed up the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods by "revolving iron" and "revolving water". Secondly, develop multimodal transport, strengthen infrastructure construction, multimodal transport station construction, logistics park construction and so on. Finally, it is necessary to develop intelligent transportation. First, it is necessary to develop autonomous driving technology. According to the research of the Ministry of Transport, self-driving cars can save fuel more than human driving.12%It is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. At present, China’s autonomous driving technology is developing rapidly, and the conditions for popularization and application are basically available; The second is to build an information platform to promote the development of shared transportation mode and improve the pendulum of logistics, and realize real-time data exchange and information sharing through the information platform to improve logistics efficiency.

　　Third, the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures in the steel industry has a huge impact on costs.

　　(A) The steel industry carbon emissions accounting system needs to increase investment.According to the requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to promote the market-oriented trading of carbon emission rights. The investment in carbon market construction is not only the investment in carbon emission system construction, but also the investment in various supporting measures within enterprises. The construction of carbon emission accounting system in iron and steel industry needs a lot of people, money and materials.

　　(2) The carbon emission cost of steel production is on the rise.Judging from the spot trading market of carbon emission quotas in the past few years, the overall trend of most trading markets is that the total transaction amount is on the rise and the average transaction price is on the rise. This shows that the transaction cost of carbon emissions of substandard enterprises will gradually increase. According to the transaction data published by Guangzhou Carbon Emissions Exchange,2015Annual turnover11399.2Ten thousand yuan is far below2020Annual turnover83454.15Ten thousand yuan, the average transaction price2020Annual25.58Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons higher than2015Annual16.38Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons.Judging from the national carbon market transaction data released by Shanghai Stock Exchange, the first month of market opening (sevenmoon16Solsticesevenmoon30Date) Monthly turnover of listed agreement transactions505.2Ten thousand tons,Highest transaction price61.07Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Average transaction price per ton and month51.86Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons, much higher than the transaction price at the time of the pilot.In addition, EU carbon emission quota trading data shows that,2018The annual average closing price is17.45euro/Tons,2019The annual average closing price is24.91euro/Tons.As can be seen from the carbon emissions trading between China and the EUThe transaction price keeps rising, and the carbon emission cost of substandard enterprises keeps increasing.

　　(C) Road transportation of steel logistics needs to pay a price for carbon emissions."Double Integral" in Automobile IndustryThe policy (namely "Measures for Parallel Management of Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Car Enterprises and New Energy Vehicle Points") stipulates that the average fuel consumption of passenger car enterprises will generate positive points when it is lower than the standard value, and negative points when it is higher than the standard value. The integral trading market is a free trading market, and the price at the highest point of each integral can reach.3000Yuan. Changan automobile2020The annual expenses for solving the problem of substandard points are as high as.7.4100 million yuan. Weilai automobile is at2019Obtained in 200810Ten thousand points in2020Sold and brought in the second half of 20081.2Net income of 100 million yuan.

　　(D) Steel production needs to pay more for technological transformation.The technological transformation of green steel production includes electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking. In the short term, technological research and development and technological transformation need constant cost investment. In the long run, it will reduce carbon emissions and reduce carbon emission costs.

　　(E) The green development of steel logistics needs a lot of capital investment.It is necessary to realize green logistics by changing the mode of transportation, developing multimodal transport and developing smart transportation, and the transformation of related modes of transportation, infrastructure construction and logistics informatization construction all require a lot of capital investment. In the short term, it will bring a large increase in costs, but in the long term, it will bring about a reduction in carbon emissions and an improvement in logistics efficiency in the steel supply chain, thus reducing the logistics costs of the steel industry. In order to achieve the goal of "double carbon", the steel industry should actively explore the countermeasures to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Incorporate the cost of green development resources and environment into the cost accounting system. To achieve green management, reduce energy intensity and reduce carbon emissions, it needs to pay a lot of resources and environmental costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the resources and environmental costs into the overall cost of the steel supply chain and abandon the previous cost accounting methods that only account for manufacturing and logistics costs. Based on a comprehensive understanding of the overall cost of the iron and steel industry chain and supply chain, this paper systematically analyzes the influence of various factors on its cost with detailed cost data, and puts forward the countermeasures to realize the green development of the iron and steel industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency. At the same time, we should actively study measures such as changing industrial layout to improve industrial concentration, optimizing product structure to improve added value of products, changing traditional management concepts, adopting short-distance multimodal transport, improving production and transportation efficiency by means of informationization and digitalization, and improving the recycling of solid gas waste gas from steel production, so as to reduce the cost of steel industry chain and supply chain and promote the healthy and sustainable development of steel industry.

　　(Author: Zhao Hong, Chen Jingyi,　Price cost survey center)

　　Confidence and peace of mind are a set of dialectical relations. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader thinks in practice.

　　This symposium on promoting the comprehensive revitalization of Northeast China in the new era is not only a painting of the revitalization of Northeast China, but also a window to observe the development of China. When it comes to tackling difficulties, the general secretary has a feeling:

　　"Confidence gold. As long as you have confidence, the future can be expected. In the new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation, the Northeast will certainly be able to regain its glory and create new achievements. "

　　"Of course, we should not blindly pursue miracles, but should be normal and grasp our historical position. Don’t make that kind of extreme and emotional move and go to the hospital in a hurry. Those practices are of no benefit. "

　　Normal mind is a calm and firm confidence.

　　"When the Party Central Committee looks at problems, it looks at the big picture. What is the most important mission of a place?" The general secretary said this passage, is a breakthrough point to understand China.

　　I can recognize opportunities and advantages better in my ordinary mind. Judging the opportunities and advantages of a place can better grasp the strategic positioning and historical mission of a place. From this point of view, we can have a deeper understanding of why we say "firmly grasp the Northeast in safeguarding the country ‘ Five major security ’ An important mission in "; Why did he go to Xinjiang? The general secretary proposed that "if the Silk Road Economic Belt is built, Xinjiang will probably become a prosperous center"; Why did you go to Sichuan, focusing on the construction of the country’s "rear area", hoping that "it will become a growth pole and a new power source for high-quality development" … …

　　In the new era, all provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities face common opportunities and responsibilities, which are the construction of a strong country and national rejuvenation. Their respective advantages are advantages in the overall situation, advantages in opportunities and advantages in comparison.

　　During the inspection in Heilongjiang, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader heard a story: a young man was fishing leisurely by the river. When asked, he came to plant crops and was responsible for drone operation, which was completed that day.

　　In the past, land reclamation, "get up at 3: 30 in the morning, return to the stars, eat frozen buns, and eat snowflake soup"; Nowadays, the quality of science and technology in farmland is sufficient, and the agricultural modernization in Northeast China is ahead of the whole country.

　　This is the advantage of the northeast. White mountains and black waters, there is a vast space for agricultural modernization. Seeing the advantages and comparing the overall situation, the normal mind will come naturally.

　　Seek a domain from the whole, and serve the whole with a domain. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader visited the southeast coast and repeatedly stressed that "a big economic province should bravely take the lead", which is the mission of a big economic province to serve the overall situation. This time in Heilongjiang, the general secretary told him to "strengthen the strategic supporting role of Northeast China", which is the duty and mission of Northeast China in the process of modernization.

　　Find the right positioning and anchor positioning, so as not to be arrogant and confident; Not arrogant, more sober. Regarding the role of Northeast China in food security, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader thought carefully: "Ensure that it can be produced and supplied in peacetime, and it can be supported and reliable in extreme cases. This is a global idea. It is equally glorious and important to continue to be China’s Beidacang and the Yangtze River Delta region as the center of cutting-edge technology in China. "

　　Normal mind is also a patience and determination.

　　This year, when I went to Pingjiang Road in Suzhou to see the flying needle of Suzhou embroidery, the Supreme Leader General Secretary said with emotion: "Chinese’s resilience, patience and determination are part of the spirit of the Chinese nation."

　　This resilience, patience and determination are also the attitude of facing complicated and difficult challenges, and the key to the endless life of the Chinese nation for thousands of years.

　　Our understanding of time is "not based on ten years or a hundred years, but on a hundred years or a thousand years". This is the strategic depth of China’s development, and it is also the foundation of our "normal mind".

　　In today’s China, the CPC Central Committee is like an arm, and the whole country is united. However, in some places, it is inevitable that the pace is a little urgent. General Secretary of the Supreme Leader earnestly exhorted this.

　　At this symposium, when talking about "accelerating the construction of a modern industrial system with advantages in Northeast China", the general secretary said: "This speed is also a theory of relativity, and modernization cannot violate the law."

　　Only with a normal mind can we have determination, and with determination and wisdom can we better create methods and plan ideas.

　　The winds and waves on the road to revival are high, and the reefs and shoals have not been interrupted in these years. In the face of "decoupling and breaking the chain", China has a strong response. The new development pattern of "double cycle" put forward by the Supreme Leader General Secretary is a painting made after thinking in the grass-roots investigation in the spring of 2020.

　　"After the epidemic prevention and control has turned smoothly, economic recovery is a process of wave-like development and tortuous progress." At the the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee meeting in July this year, the words of the Supreme Leader General Secretary showed the strategic determination of "flying in chaos is still calm".

　　Normal mind is a kind of strategic sobriety and strategic determination that is not confused by temporary obedience and insight into the essence of things. The development of history has its inevitability and regularity. There are twists and turns in the progress, and progress is made in the twists and turns. "Sometimes through the dust, sometimes through the mud, sometimes across the swamp, sometimes through the jungle."

　　There is an enterprising spirit of "always worrying" in my heart.

　　At this symposium, when it comes to achievements, the first thing that is affirmed is food; To make a request, first of all, we should say, "Be a good country to ensure stable grain supply ‘ Ballast stone ’ It is the primary responsibility of the Northeast. "

　　This is the tenth time that General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has come to the Northeast after the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, and every time he comes, he will talk about food security. Take the protection of black land:

　　In Heilongjiang in 2018, the general secretary proposed "ensuring that black land will not be reduced or degraded". The investigation in Jilin in 2020 described the black land as a "giant panda in cultivated land", which required good protection and utilization; At the end of this year, the Central Rural Work Conference emphasized that "black land protection should be taken as a major event". Then, on August 1, 2022, China’s black land protection law was officially implemented.

　　I can’t rest assured all the time.

　　General Secretary of the Supreme Leader has repeatedly mentioned the "spirit of nailing nails" and quoted the old saying that "it takes a long time to make a thousand miles". The times are always moving forward by constantly solving problems. Chinese-style modernization is on a road that no one has ever walked before. "If you insist on your goal and don’t relax, you must do it."

　　From prosperity to decline, and then to rejuvenation, we are now on a new journey of building a strong country and national rejuvenation. To accomplish extraordinary things, there must be extraordinary spirit and extraordinary action.

　　"I advocate action."

　　In 2011, I visited a university in Guizhou, and around the "self-cultivation, managing the country and leveling the world" in "The University", the Supreme Leader talked about some feelings:

　　"Life will face different opportunities. Clouds are rolling and clouds are blooming and flowers are falling. The most important thing is to face it with a normal heart, think independently, practice internally and not be a layman."

　　I usually have confidence and responsibility in my heart. One person is like this, and so is a country.

　　(People’s Daily reporter Du Shangze Yang Xu)