Young students learn CPR operation. Zheng Chen/photo

The reason distribution of college students’ anxiety when taking first aid measures (%). Photo courtesy of Lian Si Research Group

Distribution of diseases that college students are most worried about (%). Photo courtesy of Lian Si Research Group

From the sudden death of a young actor when recording a program, to the sudden death of a college student on the court, and then to the sudden cardiac arrest of Zhang Jingjing, a nurse who helped Hubei Province in Shandong Province, who died after being rescued … The sudden death of young people is frequent, which makes the "sudden cardiac death" attract social attention. September 12th this year is the 21st "World First Aid Day". Recently, the report "Investigation on College Students’ Public First Aid Cognition and Use of Emergency Equipment" led by Lian Si, a professor and doctoral supervisor of university of international business and economics National Institute of Opening to the Outside World, was published. The report shows that young students have a strong awareness of the risk of sudden death, and they have a strong desire to learn and grow up in the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and the use of automated external defibrillator (AED). However, the awareness rate of relevant knowledge and skills is low, and the ability of emergency rescue is obviously insufficient.

Lian Si told the reporter of China Youth Daily and China Youth Network: "As far as the whole society is concerned, young people, especially those born after 1990s with high academic qualifications, often have high self-demands and expectations. However, while Excellence has become a habit, it has also become a problem that cannot be ignored. "

Because most sudden cardiac deaths occur outside medical institutions, such as families and public places, most of the first witnesses are not medical professionals. Therefore, mastering more first-aid skills may be able to successfully save lives and reduce the degree of injury at the scene.

Over 90% of the respondents hope to learn the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and less than 5% can fully master it.

The Investigation Report on College Students’ Public First Aid Cognition and Campus AED Popularization (hereinafter referred to as the Report) written by Lian Si’s research group shows that 58.13% of the college students surveyed are most worried about myocarditis/sudden cardiac death syndrome, which is much higher than other diseases. Among all the first-aid knowledge categories, 61.46% of the college students surveyed said they wanted to know the knowledge of cardiopulmonary resuscitation most. 92.57% of the respondents thought it was "very necessary" and "relatively necessary" for the school to organize students to systematically learn the knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation, but only 4.86% could fully master the knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

"Based on this situation, it is very necessary to strengthen young people’s understanding of first aid knowledge and improve their ability to control related equipment." Lian Si said that promoting first aid knowledge and AED operation skills among young people can effectively reduce the mortality rate of sudden cardiac death, significantly improve the success rate of rescue of critical and severe heart diseases, and minimize the threat of sudden death to life; On the other hand, young people have a strong sense of social responsibility. They have learned first aid knowledge and AED operation skills, which can promote the formation of a good public first aid atmosphere in the society, guide the public to actively share first aid knowledge and skills, and finally form a social atmosphere in which all the people will know first aid and dare to save.

Bad living habits increase the probability of sudden death of young people, and the survival rate of those who are successfully rescued within "golden 4 minutes" can reach 32%

"Traditionally, people think that sudden death is a geriatric disease and has little to do with young people. However, in recent years, data show that young people are also high-risk people. " Hu Zhicheng, a member of the research group and attending physician of the Department of Cardiology, Fuwai Hospital, China Academy of Medical Sciences, said that the main cause of sudden cardiac death among young people is organic heart disease. Electrolyte or acidolysis imbalance, stress or mood fluctuation also significantly increase the probability of sudden cardiac death in patients with organic heart disease. In extreme cases, severe electrolyte or acidolysis imbalance, stress or emotional fluctuation itself can also lead to sudden cardiac death. Many congenital or hereditary diseases are more common among young people.

"In addition, young people often stay up late, and the proportion of unhealthy living habits such as smoking and drinking is high. In addition, the fast pace of life and the pressure of work and study make the electrolyte or acidolysis balance disorder, stress or mood fluctuation frequent." Hu Zhicheng said.

"Cardiac arrest is the main cause of sudden cardiac death." Hu Zhicheng introduced that the rescue time of cardiac arrest is extremely short, and the success rate of rescue is directly related to the start of rescue time. In the event of cardiac arrest, timely and effective cardiopulmonary resuscitation is very important. The survival rate of patients successfully rescued in "golden 4 minutes" can reach 32%, and the survival rate of patients will decrease by 7%-10% for every 1 minute delay in rescue time. Only by giving effective first aid to patients in the "golden 4 minutes" can the mortality rate of patients with cardiac arrest be significantly reduced.

"If a person with cardiac arrest is found outside a medical institution or in a place without defibrillation equipment, he should immediately call for help and quickly start cardiopulmonary resuscitation by hand; If you are in a medical institution or a place with defibrillation equipment, you should quickly obtain a defibrillator to check the patient’s heart rhythm. If you meet the defibrillation indications, you should immediately defibrillation, and strive to get the most effective treatment in the shortest time and improve the patient’s survival rate. " Hu Zhicheng said.

Hu Zhicheng said that the "instantaneous death" of sudden death did not have a clear warning signal before it happened. Even if there were so-called warning signals, most of them were not typical. However, if you have chest tightness, chest pain, breathlessness, palpitation, toothache, jaw pain and discomfort, left shoulder, left upper limb, back pain, or blackness, transient disturbance of consciousness, aura of syncope and other symptoms related to activities recently, you need to see a doctor in time to make sure your heart state.

Create an atmosphere of "can save, can save and dare to save", so that everyone can become the guardian of life.

China Cardiovascular Disease Report 2018 released by the National Cardiovascular Center estimates that there are 544,000 cases of sudden cardiac death in China every year, with an average of 1,490 people suffering from sudden cardiac death every day. However, in the huge sudden cardiac death, the success rate of out-of-hospital rescue is less than 1%.

The report of Lian Si’s research group shows that the lack of first aid knowledge is one of the reasons why college students are unwilling to participate in on-site first aid. When encountering an unconscious person who has stopped breathing, 68.33% of the respondents choose to "dial 120 and wait in the same place", and only 25.76% can "go to check immediately and take first aid measures".

"In this society with increasing uncertainties, any artificially controllable risk factor is the object of our efforts to reduce. Medical first aid requires not only the courage to stand up, but also certain first aid skills and experience. In the face of AED,’ not using’ and’ not dare to use’ will affect the efficiency of use. " Lian Si said.

The survey found that college students’ willingness to use AED to help the wounded will be improved if they have fully mastered the use of AED, and 90.28% of the respondents said that they are willing to use AED when they have fully mastered the operation knowledge of AED.

The report further shows that even if they know the knowledge about cardiopulmonary resuscitation and AED, college students still have some concerns when helping others in an emergency. The main reason is that they have no confidence in their first aid ability, and they are afraid of making mistakes and need to take responsibility. The research group believes that in addition to the inadequate training and publicity of relevant first aid knowledge, the lack of students’ first aid ability, the imperfect legal system related to on-site first aid and the unclear division of responsible subjects are also important factors leading to the above concerns.

Lian Si said that in order for AED to play an effective role, all groups in society should work together and make joint efforts to contribute to the domestic first aid cause. He suggested that the publicity and education of first aid knowledge should be strengthened; Constantly innovate and expand diversified and diversified forms of education and training; Establish and improve laws and regulations related to first aid at the national level, and encourage the public to be courageous; Actively promote the deployment of AED equipment, accelerate the popularization of the concept of first aid and catalyze the willingness of young people to rescue. "Universities and education departments should act as good propagandists and enlighteners; Medical departments at all levels, the Red Cross and other relevant departments act as good feedback and guardians; Government agencies and judicial organs play the role of good guarantors and legislators, and promote the improvement of contemporary youth groups in national security and first aid health literacy. "

"Only when the whole society has the awareness, atmosphere and skills of first aid, the public will not only" save "and" dare to save "but also" be willing to save "when encountering unexpected situations, thus truly building a good social fashion of" everyone for me, I for everyone "and" everyone learns first aid and first aid is for everyone ",so that everyone can become a guardian of life." Lian Si said.

On November 10th, China Fudan Hospital Ranking was just released, which was released by Hospital Management Institute of Fudan University. Drawing lessons from the evaluation method of "Best Hospital Ranking" in the United States, it adhered to the core of clinical discipline level and specialty reputation, taking into account the scientific research output of that year, which attracted great attention.

However, on a global scale, which city has the strongest comprehensive strength in cancer treatment, do you know? A few days ago, Britain also published a "list of the best hospital cities in 2019", which evaluated the overall level of cancer treatment in 100 cities around the world from three aspects: infrastructure, nursing quality and access rights.

The survey found that Tokyo, Japan is one of the best cities for cancer treatment in the world. Japan’s capital ranks first in the efficiency of cancer treatment, with the highest score in the overall quality of diagnosis and treatment, the largest number of first-class hospitals, and a high score in accessibility.

The second best hospital for cancer treatment in the world is located in Boston, Massachusetts, USA. Its infrastructure score is the highest, including the number of first-class medical universities, first-class hospitals and sufficient mental health counseling experts for patients.

The third place is London, England, followed by Paris, France, and Seoul, South Korea ranks fifth. It should be emphasized that this survey only examines the overall situation of hospitals in specific locations, not individual institutions.

Beijing is the only city in China, ranking 83rd. It performed well in the management of adverse events, drug prices and disposable medical expenses. In contrast, Beijing, Dubai, United Arab Emirates and Krakow, Poland were rated as the three cities with the worst cancer treatment efficiency, indicating that we still have a lot of room for improvement.

01

Japan, the leading cancer treatment technology in the world.

As early as 30 years ago, Japan began to study cancer cure methods and constantly broke through innovation. Among them, the professional anti-cancer physical examination institution, the specialized cancer treatment hospital, has long been famous all over the world.

Nowadays, Japan has gradually formed a mature cancer screening, cancer treatment and cancer recurrence prevention as three steps to prevent and treat cancer. No matter TV, magazines and new media, they will try their best to popularize the significance of early onset and active treatment of cancer, which has been endorsed by many medical schools and research institutions at home and abroad.

Japan’s 30 years of painstaking research on cancer has created a world-leading cancer prevention and control system, making Japan second to none in the field of cancer treatment in the world, thus attracting a large number of foreign patients to receive treatment and examination.

Japanese cancer treatment has three characteristics: high cure rate, small side effects and low recurrence rate. Before receiving Japanese cancer treatment, the patient underwent a Japanese cancer physical examination, and the smallest cancer below 5 mm can be found, which is in stage I, and the cancer cells have not infiltrated (on the epidermis and mucosa, and have not penetrated into the muscles), spread (spread to all organs), metastasized (transferred to other organs), or even stage 0 (primary cancer). It is fortunate to find such a cancer, which can be cured by resection. If you pay attention to lifestyle changes, it will generally not recur.

Known as the king of cancer, the early detection rate of pancreatic cancer is very low, only 5% ~ 7%. If doctors are inexperienced, pancreatic cancer is often misdiagnosed as gastrointestinal or hepatobiliary diseases, and the misdiagnosis time is generally as long as 3 ~6 months. Most patients can’t be surgically removed when they are diagnosed, and they will die in about half a year, and the survival rate after 5 years of operation is less than 5%.

In Japan, the 5-year survival rate of pancreatic cancer can be kept at a high level of about 42% through early cancer prevention and early treatment.

Good treatment, we must protect the normal tissue.

Japan’s leading cancer treatment technologies mainly include heavy ion therapy and proton therapy. Among them, heavy ion radiotherapy and proton radiotherapy are the most advanced radiotherapy methods to treat tumors, and their clinical effects are comparable to those of scalpels.

Doctors only need to aim the particle beam of heavy ions and protons at the tumor to take a photo, and the tumor tissue will die quickly. It has almost no harm to the healthy tissue around the tumor, and it sweeps away the skin damage, visceral damage such as radiation-induced pneumonia, bone marrow suppression, hair loss, low immunity, etc. brought by all the common radiotherapy methods at present, and it has no bleeding, infection, accidental injury, etc. caused by the scalpel, so it is called the magical invisible scalpel.

02

Heavy ion therapy

Heavy ion therapy is mainly used to treat local malignant tumors, especially diseases that are difficult to cure by traditional methods. Compared with other common radiotherapy, it can accurately locate tumor tissue and reduce the damage to surrounding normal tissue.

Because the types and spread of cancer cells are different, the treatment methods are also different. Whether heavy ion therapy can be carried out needs to be judged in advance. According to the comprehensive research institute of radiation medicine, the statistical results of patients who have received heavy ion therapy so far clearly show that:

(1) It has a good effect on treating the following malignant tumors, namely, cervical cancer (including eye cancer), intracranial and skull base cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bone cancer, soft tissue cancer, uterine cancer and local recurrence in pelvis after rectal cancer operation.

(2) A series of cancers that are resistant to ordinary radiation (such as X-rays) have a good effect, such as well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, bone cancer, cartilaginous carcinoma and malignant melanoma.

However, large-area metastatic cancer is not suitable for heavy ion beam therapy. There are patients such as hematologic cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer (primary site), and patients who have received radiotherapy in the same place before. Please consult a doctor for details.

03

Proton therapy

Proton particles are extremely tiny, and one trillion protons are only one millimeter long in a straight line. Protons are positively charged, which can be made to move at high speed by electric field, reaching extremely high energy. Using proton accelerator to generate high-energy proton beam, which is injected into human body under precise control, can accurately release energy to the lesion to achieve therapeutic effect, which is the technical superiority of proton therapy.

Because proton therapy has the characteristics of strong penetration, good dose distribution, high local dose, less side scattering and small penumbra, it is especially suitable for treating tumors surrounded by important tissues and organs.

The cancers suitable for proton radiation therapy mainly include head and neck cancer (nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, throat, salivary glands, skull base, etc.), lung cancer, liver cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer and other primary tumors. In addition, it can also treat pelvic recurrence and single metastatic tumors (liver metastasis and lung metastasis) after rectal cancer surgery.

We live in an era when we talk about the discoloration of cancer. Cancer is not an incurable disease, but a chronic disease that can be prevented in advance, that is to say, cancer is not a terminal disease.

For patients, if cancer is unfortunately detected, we must pay attention to the opportunity of "first treatment". Because the medical results are often irreversible, the chances of cure for almost all cancers may mainly depend on the first treatment. Japan is a country that attaches great importance to surgery, and the top hospitals for cancer treatment are all famous for surgery. For patients who have surgery opportunities, they can make rational choices according to their own conditions.

According to the Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 75% of cancer patients in Japan did not leave their jobs due to illness, and 80% of them said that their treatment would not affect their work. The reason is that most cancer patients in Japan are found early and treated early, and early cancer can be basically cured without affecting their normal work and life.

04

Cancer screening

Toshiba Corporation of Japan issued a statement on November 25th, saying that it has developed a method to diagnose cancer through blood test with an accuracy rate of 99%.

The basis of diagnosis is to determine the type and concentration of small noncoding RNA molecules secreted by cancer cells into the blood. The whole analysis process only needs one drop of blood and lasts about two hours. Therefore, the company has specially developed a portable device with a built-in diagnostic chip.

This method can diagnose 13 kinds of cancers, including gastric cancer, breast cancer, liver cancer, esophageal cancer, pancreatic cancer, intestinal cancer and bladder cancer. Toshiba said that even in the earliest stage of cancer, this method is still effective.

In recent years, the number of cancer patients has been increasing, and Japan has been actively developing new anti-cancer methods. Moreover, in this respect, artificial intelligence has begun to be more and more widely used.

In addition, according to statistical reports at home and abroad, the comprehensive cure rate of gastric cancer in Japan is as high as 80%, and the first-stage gastric cancer even reaches 98.1%! Far more than 30%~40% in China and the United States, it can be said that it stands out from the crowd and dumped us several blocks. Rich people can go to Japan for physical examination and surgery. What should ordinary people do?

We might as well learn from Japan’s anti-cancer experience, and truly achieve early prevention, early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment, and reject gastric cancer thousands of miles away!

The 5-year survival rate of gastric cancer in Japan is high, because most of the patients detected are early patients, the disease develops slowly, and the probability of recurrence and metastasis is low. At the same time, because of their young age and good physical condition, they are more tolerant to surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, and the treatment effect is of course good. Japan’s secret to deal with gastric cancer is early screening, early detection and early treatment.

In 1964, 400,000 people were screened, by 1970, 4 million people were screened, and after 1990, about 6 million people were screened for gastric cancer every year. The early diagnosis rate of gastric cancer in Japan is as high as 50% to 70%, while the cure rate of early gastric cancer is more than 90%, even close to 100%.

In the United States, the incidence of gastric cancer is very low, which is a rare disease. Compared with breast cancer, colorectal cancer and prostate cancer, Americans pay relatively little attention to the prevention and treatment of gastric cancer, and the early detection rate is low. China is a country with high incidence of gastric cancer, but people’s awareness of prevention and treatment is not high. Only 10% to 15% of early gastric cancer is found, and many people are diagnosed with advanced gastric cancer. More than 70-80% people will not live for five years. Many people died within a few months after being diagnosed.

Since the cure rate of gastric cancer in Japan is so high, it is attributed to the early detection and treatment of gastric cancer in Japan, so how do they do it? Very simple, mainly relying on endoscopic screening. In the eyes of many people in our country, gastroscopy is a color-changing examination. Many people delay their illness because they refuse gastroscopy, and few people take the initiative to ask for gastroscopy unless they have to.

According to reports, Japan has a population of about 127 million, and about 15 million cases of gastroscopy are completed every year. It is equivalent to 12.5% of people having a gastroscope every year. Converted, it is equivalent to that 62.5% people have had a gastroscope at least once in five years. Convert it into high-risk groups, and almost all of them have been screened.

On the other hand, in China, many people are afraid of gastroscopy. The detection rate of gastroscopy is very low, the detection rate of early cancer is less than 20%, and the survival rate in five years is less than 30%. That is to say, most people who are diagnosed may not survive for five years. 80% of patients with early gastric cancer have no obvious symptoms, and even if there are symptoms, they are atypical symptoms, such as loss of appetite and abdominal discomfort, which are difficult for patients to pay attention to. Only regular gastroscopy can find its clues.

According to the latest 5-year survival rate data of gastric cancer released by National Cancer Research Center of Japan:

The 5-year survival rate of primary gastric cancer is as high as 98.1%.

Secondary gastric cancer: 66.4%,

Stage III gastric cancer: 47.3%,

The 5-year survival rate of stage IV gastric cancer is only 7.3%.

Because the proportion of advanced gastric cancer in Japan is very small, the overall 5-year survival rate is higher than 80%, which is unique in the world! It can be seen how important it is to find and treat early! Compare the figures in China: the overall 5-year survival rate is less than 40%; Stage 3 or 4 gastric cancer accounts for 80% of the total cases, and the 5-year survival rate is less than 30%. Only 15-20% of patients have early cancer. In other words, most patients will not live for five years.

Because of its large population base and high incidence of gastric cancer, China has contributed more than half of the cases in the world. Under the background that there is no revolutionary progress in the treatment of gastric cancer at present, it is particularly important to do a good job in the prevention and early screening of gastric cancer.

　　Coordinator: Zang Chunlei, Lu Zhongzheng

　　Cartography: Shen Yiling

　　Core reading

　　Health is the eternal pursuit of human beings. "Without the health of the whole people, there will be no overall well-off." Since the reform and opening up, China’s health and wellness undertakings have been accelerated, the medical and health service system has been continuously improved, the level of equalization of basic public health services has been steadily improved, and the overall strength of public health has reached a big step. The health level of Chinese residents has been continuously improved, and the main health indicators of residents are generally better than the average level of middle-and high-income countries.

　　76.7 years old

　　average life expectancy

　　The medical and health service system has been continuously improved, and medical and health resources have increased rapidly.

　　Internationally, the main indicators to measure the health level of a country’s residents are life expectancy per capita, infant mortality and maternal mortality.

　　China’s average life expectancy is constantly improving. He was 67.9 years old in 1981, 71.4 years old in 2000 and 76.7 years old in 2017. The infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate decreased continuously, from 32.9&permil in 1990; And 88.9/100,000, down to 6.8&permil in 2017; And 19.6/100,000.

　　In 2014, China achieved the related indicators of maternal and child health in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals ahead of schedule. The Report on Success Factors of Maternal and Child Health published by the World Health Organization lists China as one of the 10 countries with high performance in maternal and child health, and promotes China’s experience to the world.

　　In May this year, the World Health Organization released World Health Statistics 2018 in Geneva. According to the data of 2016, China’s healthy life expectancy at birth surpassed that of the United States for the first time, with 68.7 years in China, higher than that of the United States. The global healthy life expectancy of infants at birth is 63.3 years.

　　Over the past 40 years, China’s medical and health service system has been continuously improved, medical and health resources have increased rapidly, and people’s access to services has improved significantly.

　　In terms of the number of medical staff, by the end of 2017, there were 3.39 million licensed (assistant) doctors and more than 3.8 million registered nurses in China, and the number of nurses per 1,000 population increased to 2.74, and the doctor-nurse ratio increased to 1∶1.1, which reversed the situation of the inverted doctor-nurse ratio.

　　Judging from the number of medical and health institutions, in 1978, the total number of medical and health institutions in China was 170,000; In 1990, it was 209,000; In 2000, it was 325,000; In 2017, it reached 987,000.

　　It is worth mentioning that private hospitals have developed rapidly. In 2017, there were 12,297 public hospitals in China, with 2.95 billion person-times, accounting for 85.8% of the total number of hospital visits; There are 18,759 private hospitals, with 490 million medical treatments, accounting for 14.2% of the total number of hospital treatments. By the end of 2017, among hospitals, public hospital beds accounted for 75.7% and private hospital beds accounted for 24.3%.

　　No.48

　　Global ranking of medical quality rises.

　　China has produced a number of superior medical technologies that have reached the international advanced level.

　　Not long ago, in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital, medical staff celebrated the 30th birthday of Zheng Mengzhu, the first test-tube baby in mainland China. More than 30 years ago, Zheng Mengzhu was a cluster of tiny cells. Under the microscope, she first "met" Zhang Lizhu, a professor at the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University. Today, she has become an employee of the Reproductive Center of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University.

　　2018 is 40 years since the birth of the first test-tube baby in the world and 30 years since the birth of the first test-tube baby in mainland China. The medical quality and technical level in China have been significantly improved. At present, the clinical pregnancy rate of assisted reproductive technology in China is about 40%, and the delivery rate of live infants is 30%— 35%, nearly 300 hospitals across the country can carry out assisted reproductive technology, and the number of test-tube babies exceeds 200,000 times every year. China has become the world’s largest country in assisted reproductive technology treatment, and assisted reproductive technology has reached the world’s advanced level, reaching the world’s leading level in some fields.

　　In 2017, The Lancet, a world-renowned medical magazine, ranked 195 countries and regions in terms of medical quality and accessibility. The results showed that during the 25 years from 1990 to 2015, China was one of the countries with the greatest progress in medical quality, and the ranking of medical quality and accessibility index increased from 110th to 60th, ranking third in the world. The gap in the quality of medical services between regions in China has narrowed from 6.7 in 1990 to 1.2 in 2015, far below the global gap of 20.1.

　　In 2018, The Lancet released the global ranking of medical quality and accessibility again. China’s ranking of medical quality and accessibility has increased from 60th in the world in 2015 to 48th in 2016, making great progress again.

　　At present, China has produced a number of superior medical technologies that have reached or led the international advanced level and have a demonstration and driving role in the world, which has promoted the improvement of the ability to diagnose and treat major diseases. For example, the ventricular assist device independently developed by Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences fills the technical gap in the field of ventricular assist research and development in China; The related research results of Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University on gastrointestinal vascular diseases became the only basis for the relevant guidelines of the American Gastroenterology Association in 2015. In 2017, China completed more than 16,000 organ transplant operations, accounting for 12.3% of the total organ transplant in the world in 2017, ranking second in the world. Quality indicators such as the survival rate of transplant recipients are also among the highest in the world. Taking heart transplantation as an example, the survival rates of patients at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after operation can reach 93%, 90% and 85% in some hospitals respectively, which are higher than the world average of 85%, 79% and 73%.

　　Over 1.3 billion

　　Number of participants in the three basic medical insurance systems

　　Investment in health care continued to grow, and serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents was fully promoted.

　　"I didn’t expect to get such a big illness, and I spent less than 10,000 yuan." Wang Nengbao is a poor household in Dawan Village, Huashi Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province. Gastric cancer was detected in October 2017. He went to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for surgery, and was hospitalized for 9 times. The medical expenses totaled 97,000 yuan, and the individual paid only 9,300 yuan.

　　Medical reform is a worldwide problem. As the largest developing country in the world, China faces more challenges than developed countries.

　　In April, 2009, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System, which marked the official launch of a new round of medical reform. In 2016, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and other institutions believed that China had made rapid progress in achieving universal health coverage, the accessibility of basic medical and health services was more balanced, and the reform achievements attracted worldwide attention.

　　Over the past 40 years, the proportion of medical and health expenditure in China has gradually increased. The proportion of medical and health expenditure in GDP was 3% in 1978, 3.2% in 1988, 4.3% in 1998, 4.5% in 2008 and 6.2% in 2017. With the continuous growth of government and society’s investment in medical and health care, the structure of China’s total health expenditure has been continuously optimized. Since 2001, the proportion of personal health expenditure in total health expenditure has been declining, from 60.0% in 2001 to 28.8% in 2017.

　　In 1998, China began to establish basic medical insurance for urban workers. In 2003, a new rural cooperative medical system was established. In 2007, the basic medical insurance system for urban residents was established.

　　The financing and security level of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents has been greatly improved. In 2003, the per capita financing level of the new rural cooperative medical system was only in 30 yuan. In 2016, China integrated the medical insurance for urban residents with the new rural cooperative medical system. The per capita financial subsidy standard for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 420 yuan, and it was raised to 450 yuan in 2017. At the end of 2003, the population participating in the new rural cooperative medical system was 80 million; In 2008, the new rural cooperative medical system achieved full coverage, and the coverage rate of three basic medical insurance systems, namely, basic medical insurance for urban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical system, was 87%. In 2017, China has woven the world’s largest universal basic medical security network, with more than 1.3 billion people participating in the three basic medical insurance systems, and the participation rate is stable at over 95%.

　　In 2004, China established a national network direct reporting system for infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and the average reporting time of information was shortened from 5 days to 4 hours. At present, the infectious disease information reporting system covers nearly 71,000 medical institutions and has more than 160,000 users. A national, provincial, municipal and county-level laboratory testing network has been established, and laboratories such as influenza, polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis of China CDC have become reference laboratories of the World Health Organization. At present, China has the ability to detect more than 300 pathogens within 72 hours.

　　5.81 million

　　Poverty-stricken households returning to poverty due to illness realize poverty alleviation.

　　Health poverty alleviation "roots out the disease", and comprehensively implement the three-year attack on health poverty alleviation.

　　Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease with high incidence in western pastoral areas, and it is also one of the diseases with the heaviest economic burden for farmers and herdsmen. In Gemeng Township, shiqu county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the Nize family of three had suffered from echinococcosis. Two years ago, his daughter was transferred to the state people’s hospital for free surgery, and he and his wife also received free medication. The whole family did not spend a penny on treatment. Now, their health has improved, and Nize can work in the fields again.

　　In order to make the poor people "see the disease, see the disease, and see the disease well", on the basis of approving the poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness in rural areas, China has made precise policies and classified treatments in accordance with the principles of centralized treatment of a batch of serious diseases, contract service management of a batch of chronic diseases, and protection of a batch of serious diseases, effectively reducing the number of people who are poor due to illness and returning to poverty due to illness, and making progress in health poverty alleviation. At present, 5.81 million poverty-stricken households in China have been lifted out of poverty due to illness, and the progress is basically synchronized with the overall progress of poverty-stricken households in the country.

　　In 2012, China began to pilot the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents. By the end of 2016, the serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents was fully promoted to achieve full coverage. At present, it has covered 1.05 billion urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance participants.

　　Since 2016, China has implemented a tilted medical security policy for the poor, and the deductible line of the new rural cooperative medical insurance for serious illness has been reduced by 50%, and the proportion of reimbursement for hospitalization expenses within the policy has increased by more than 5 percentage points; Special medical security measures were taken for the poor. In 2017, the average out-of-pocket proportion of medical expenses for the poor nationwide was 16%, down by 27 percentage points from 2016.

　　For seriously ill patients, nine kinds of serious diseases, such as congenital heart disease and leukemia in children, have been selected as the first batch of special treatments for treating diseases, and 189,000 people have been treated so far; For patients with chronic diseases, priority has been given to the implementation of family doctor contract services to provide standardized management and health services for key chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes; For seriously ill patients, implement the government’s bottom-up safeguard measures. By the end of 2017, 8.04 million of the 8.49 million poor people who had been verified to be in need of treatment had been admitted to hospital or enjoyed contract services, covering nearly 95% of patients with serious diseases and chronic diseases.

　　In July this year, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office announced that in the next three years, they will take unconventional measures to comprehensively implement the three-year attack on poverty alleviation through health, and resolutely do not let health problems become a "roadblock" for people to get rich and run a well-off life. China will focus on deep poverty-stricken areas and weak links in health care services, increase policy supply and input support, innovate systems and transformation mechanisms, combine prevention and control, and move forward the barriers to ensure that poor people enjoy basic medical and health services and prevent poverty due to illness and return to poverty due to illness.

　　CCTV News:Brushing a bill to a merchant is likely to fall into the trap of fraud, and as far as brushing itself is concerned, its behavior is also a serious violation of integrity. Some restaurants in online celebrity on the APP often get rave reviews. The reviewers not only have vivid written expressions, but also all kinds of beautiful photos of eating in restaurants. Are all these favorable comments true? Recently, the comprehensive administrative law enforcement team of market supervision in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province received a report that a company specially organized personnel to provide praise service for catering enterprises, so it conducted a surprise inspection in the whole city, and found that more than 100 restaurants in online celebrity all had the behavior of paying for praise.

　　At the beginning of May this year, according to the clues provided by the whistleblower, the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team found that 10 companies, including a brand management company in Hangzhou, were suspected of organizing others to brush praise for profit.

　　Xiao Zhu, the head of a brand management company in Hangzhou involved in the case, told the reporter the inside story.

　　Xiao Zhu, head of a brand management company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:He (the merchant) will put forward a demand, such as this store, or several of our stores need dozens or 100 reviews, and then we will recruit in many so-called big V groups in the circle.

　　The reporter found on this review APP that the businesses involved in the case are all in the top ranks among similar businesses, many of them are labeled as "online celebrity", and the comment area is full of beautiful pictures of literary models, which have all kinds of praises such as good taste, good service and fresh ingredients. So are these praises true?

　　Praise brush hand Xiao Xie:After a normal meal, whether it is good or bad, you should present the good side on the platform, that is, have a free meal and write a favorable comment to (the merchant).

　　In fact, many review apps have always had corresponding regulatory measures to prevent merchants from brushing praise, but companies that organize praise still have ways to evade platform supervision.

　　Xiao Zhu, head of a brand management company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:To check in and punch in, to actually take photos in the store, and to buy consumption at the same time, in fact, it is to simulate a real consumption trajectory. Finally, while finishing the homework (praise), our company will return the consumption amount to him (brush hands).

　　The relevant person in charge of the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team said that the actions of these companies are suspected of violating the second paragraph of Article 8 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law: operators shall not help other operators to make false or misleading commercial propaganda by organizing false transactions.

　　Spending money to brush off praise is credit and "money way"

　　Before spending, many people will refer to comments left by others. The false praise and sales volume that these people spend money on have undoubtedly caused great misleading to consumers and destroyed the business ecology. What you earn by "brushing praise" is just "buying and selling with one hammer", and you can’t win repeat customers. In the long run, it is bound to be your own credit and "money way" that will eventually be "brushed off".

Special feature of 1905 film network

“With you, I feel relaxed and enjoyable

It’s fun to fall if you’re too happy.

I want to be a bird and a fish with you in my heart

Be in the vast sky"

— — With you

　

　The mobile phone randomly played this song "With You" by Danny Chan, and I saw the following comment: "On September 8, 2017, it seemed that the beauty of the flourishing age never left our sight. As soon as the music started, all kinds of emotions emerged in my heart. The Three Swordsmen in Central, all kinds of time have passed, and they are still teenagers when they return. I don’t want to see you only in my dream. I want to see you when you were young, as if you were sitting in front of me, and the glow sticks and movie tickets I owe you have a chance to make up. " The little emotions buried deep in my heart were suddenly excavated.

　

Comments of netizens on a music platform

The first time I heard this song, I watched it on CCTV6 movie channel. At first, I looked at Leslie Cheung with my mind. In the end, I was caught by this song of Danny Chan. "With You" is the theme song of the movie "Unemployed Students", starring Danny Chan, Leslie Cheung and Zhong Baoluo.

　

The film was released in Hong Kong on August 26th, 1981, and there was a wave of watching movies. On September 8 this year, the film will be released in the mainland after being restored. On the latest "restored version" poster, it is the best time for the three of them to freeze. The slogan on the poster, "Returning is still a teenager", is exactly this feeling.

　　

"Starting from scratch"

　

In the movie "Unemployed Students", Jiabao (played by Danny Chan) and Jiahui (played by Zhong Baoluo) are a pair of biological brothers with superior origins; Ah Rong (played by Leslie Cheung) was born poor and rebellious. The three are classmates’ friends at school, and they will face different choices after graduation. The film tells the story of these three friends who graduated and lost their jobs, and reached the same goal in this graduation season when their dreams and reality collided fiercely.

　

In the process of working with Arong, Jiabao met her angel, who was played by Jeff, a pure jade girl. Ah Rong’s girlfriend is Mei Bo Kwong, who played the glamorous ghost many times in the 1980s.

　

*Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan and Jeff.

　

No matter in or out of the play, Jeff seems to be in perfect harmony with Danny Chan in all aspects, but they are not affected by the play. At that time, Danny Chan preferred actress Weng Jingjing — — I had an affair with Leslie Cheung, and she was also a woman that Danny Chan had always loved. There are even rumors that Danny Chan’s later "I just like you" was written for her.

　

Danny Chan once said, "It’s difficult for me to find a girlfriend in Hongkong. There are many good girls in my circle, but none of them are in my mind. Like Jeff, she is very painful, but I feel more and more that it is not suitable for us to walk together. On the contrary, Weng Jingjing is very suitable for me. She is pure and pure, so sweet! "

　

"the fate of hope"

　

Back to reality, Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan and Zhong Baoluo were the lucky ones in Hong Kong entertainment circle at that time. As soon as I debuted, I was madly sought after by a group of "fans", and I was dubbed that the whole "Central" could not fit. As a result, the three were called "Three Swordsmen in Central" by the media.

　

　

In fact, before the movie "Unemployed Students", the three had co-produced a movie — — Cheers. This film was tailored for three people. At that time, Danny Chan was the most popular, and naturally he played the role of first hero. Leslie Cheung played Danny Chan’s opponent, the "villain" in the film, and only appeared in the whole film for more than ten minutes. Zhong Baoluo, a good friend, is a DJ in the play, just like in reality. And the heroine is Weng Jingjing who has been thinking about since Danny Chan.

　

　

There is no denying that Danny Chan is the most talented musician among the three. He once wrote theme songs for both films. In 1980, the album "Cheers" of the same name was released simultaneously, which sold amazingly and became the platinum record of that year in one fell swoop; The following year, the film "Unemployed Students" was released, and the theme song "With You" was even more popular in Hong Kong. Even the movie posters advertised that "Danny Chan is crazy in Hong Kong with You".

　

The movie poster plays "Danny Chan’s song" Crazy Hong Kong with You "as propaganda.

　

"get together"

　

After the two films, the careers of the three people are on the right track, and the relationship is closer. At the same time, they are constantly being tested by public opinion.

　

In 1982, Zhong Baoluo suffered a car accident while filming the TV series "Sweet 24 Flavors". His legs could not move, and his role was forced to be replaced by newcomer Mo Shaocong.

　

Since then, Leslie Cheung, another protagonist of the same drama, has been in a very bad mood. At that time, Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan, Wan Ziliang, wu wenxiong and other friends held two concerts in the college hall to raise money for his operation. Zhong Baoluo therefore applied to the hospital for attendance, thanking his friends.

During his illness in Zhong Baoluo, Leslie Cheung often visited each other during filming, and always encouraged him: "You! But if you survive, there will be people who will be blessed! As long as you recover, you will be more successful. " Later, Leslie Cheung became the object of Zhong Baoluo’s talk. They also worked together in movies (1982) and (1983).

　

In contrast, the feelings of Leslie Cheung and Danny Chan are more "dramatic". Both of them are Virgos, and their similar personalities made them close as soon as they debuted. At that time, people often saw the pair of friends entering and leaving the ballroom together.

　

　

Leslie Cheung and Danny Chan have always had a good relationship, and they have not been alienated because of the career gap. In 1979, Leslie Cheung released her first solo Cantonese album "Lover’s Arrow", but the market response was flat, even when she performed outdoors, she encountered embarrassing performance feedback. In the same year, Danny Chan released his first album, First Love, and one of them, Tears for You, became the "Top Ten Chinese Golden Songs" in Hong Kong.

　

It was not until 1983 that Leslie Cheung’s acting career was gradually recognized and became a "strength school" in the true sense. His song "The Wind Keep Blowing" was widely recognized. In the same year, he was nominated for the best actor in the second Golden Awards for his films. The following year, Leslie Cheung became popular in Cantonese with a song "Monica", which was also an episode of the film "Fate" starring Leslie Cheung, Anita Mui and Maggie Cheung.

However, in 1984, the relationship between the two became one of the biggest gossip in Hong Kong. At that time, as long as the media heard a little wind, they began to hype it up and made a fuss about it. In the whole incident, the worst thing is their mutual friend — — Directed by Gao Zhisen. At that time, Gao Zhisen invited them to star in their own film Merry Christmas, but they were so angry that they refused to appear in the same scene.

　

　

According to the news after Gao Zhisen, the two men were difficult because they went to the ballroom to play together. Everyone around them praised Danny Chan’s good skin and asked him if he was wearing makeup. Danny Chan confidently said that she didn’t wear makeup. As a result, Leslie Cheung directly picked up a paper towel, scratched Danny Chan’s face, and a powder mark appeared on the paper towel.

　

At this point, the two brothers entered a "cold war" state. But I think about it, the two brothers are really like children.

　

To the surprise of a group of "people who eat melons" waiting to watch the excitement, this "small awkwardness" did not last long, and the two soon made up. At Leslie Cheung’s solo concert in 1985, he covered Danny Chan’s song "Cheers" and said before singing, "If we are women, he is Lizhen Yu and I am Li Xiangqin. Let me, Li Xiangqin, sing this song and give it to Lizhen Yu." (Lizhen Yu and Li Xiangqin were famous loyal and treacherous partners in Cantonese Opera at that time. Lizhen Yu usually played a positive role, while Li Xiangqin played more villains. )

　

Halfway through the song, Danny Chan suddenly appeared on the stage, rushed forward to hug Leslie Cheung and shook his hand. Leslie Cheung said to Danny Chan, "I can sing two lines of your song in every capital, but this one is the most familiar. Can you sing with me?" Finally, the two sang the song together. Finally, when Danny Chan was ready to step down, Leslie Cheung specially told the lighting engineer to give him a light so as not to let him fall. The intimate interaction between the two directly broke the rumor of discord.

Next page: the peak and fall of the three men

Special feature of 1905 film network Blow it up!

　

After the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, which will be released this Friday, was screened at the weekend, Douban scored 9.0, much higher than last month’s Disney animation.

Spider-Man has always been the darling of Marvel Comics, and the film has been remake for three times. In 2002, Tobey Vincent Maguire starred in the trilogy, then Andrew Garfield starred in two films, and now "Dutch brother" Tom Holland starred in the new version of Spider-Man.

　

Of course, in addition, Spider-Man has several versions of his own animated series. However, there has never been an animated feature film.

Nowadays, the appearance of this film is eye-catching.

　

The director uses different painting styles to highlight the setting of "parallel universe" in the film. When 2D animation, 3D animation, Japanese cartoon, black and white animation, romantic style … … Before they all got together, they showed the charm of animation so vividly. These painting styles are always in the process of collage and integration, which makes Xiao Dianjun sigh the magic of the animation world!

　

Even so, the film doesn’t feel too full at all. The director uses the unique style of American comics and adds a rhythmic soundtrack, just like watching a Marvel comic. If the movie is as simple as you think, then you are wrong — —It originated in Marvel Comics, but it is far away from Marvel Comics.

　

Spider-Man has always been one of the most talkative characters in the Marvel universe.

　

So, what if this time, six Spider-Man are put together in a movie?

Just like the subtitle "Parallel Universe", the film focuses on the concept of parallel universe, and "crams" six different versions of Spider-Man into one picture — — The protagonist is the little black spider, Leng Yan’s beautiful female Spider-Man (Gwen Stacy), Shadow Spider-Man, Penny Parker who drives a robot, and the cartoon character Spider Pig Man. Of course, there is peter parker, who is familiar to everyone.

　

In fact, the Spider-Man series was born in 1962, which was jointly created by screenwriter Stan Lee and painter Steve Ditko, and made its debut in the 15th issue of Fantasy.

By the way, although we can’t see the ending egg in honor of Stan Lee in China because of the time of trial. However, in the animation, he still participated in the "guest appearance", and the scenes that appeared and his lines happened to be the best memories of himself — — “we will Miss him”。

　

As we all know, Spider-Man, in reality, is a high school student in peter parker. He was bitten by a spider that had been infected by radiation, so he gained spider-like super power and made a spider web launcher.

　

In this animation, there are two peter parker.

　

Peter parker here, although still advertised as "the greater the ability, the greater the responsibility", is no longer a high school student, but an uncle who is nearly 40 years old.

Peter parker in this world died heroically in an action. However, it is also because after the villain turned on the time machine, another dimensional peter parker was transmitted to this world.

　

Another peter parker, an elder with brown hair and a big belly, loves all kinds of junk food and leads a very sad life all day, even his beloved Mary Jane has left him.

　

Generally speaking, this peter parker from another dimension is a middle-aged man who has failed and is greasy.

　

This time, in the animation, the most suitable identity for him is actually the life mentor of the little black spider.

Then, Xiao Dianjun will reveal the secrets of the "new" Spider-Man in the movie.

　

Little Black Spider (Miles Morales)

　

The central figure in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

Miles is a 14-year-old high school student from Brooklyn, new york. He has always been an admirer of Spider-Man, but in an accident, he was bitten by the No.42 spider himself, resulting in physical variation and the ability of Spider-Man. At the same time, after he witnessed Peter’s sacrifice, he officially took over the mantle of the former.

In this movie, his battle suit simply appeared as a cos costume from the beginning, and finally he stepped on AJ basketball shoes and appeared in a black-and-white Starscream suit.

　

Many details of the original work are preserved in the animated film, such as the spider web launcher of the little black spider, which was made by peter parker and given to him through Aunt Mei.

Compared with Spider-Man, the little black spider has a deep evolution in its ability. He mastered the "spider camouflage" and showed it rudely in the movie.

At the same time, Myers can easily touch the enemy with both hands and paralyze the other side at close range.

　

This image was created by Bryan Michael Bandis, the comic book writer of Spider-Man series, and Sarah Pickery, the painter. He first appeared in the fourth issue of the comic book "The Ultimate Aftershock: Spider-Man No More" in 2011.

　

Subsequently, this little black spider became very popular and has always owned its own serial comics.

However, in May this year, the story of the little black spider was stopped because the screenwriter Bandis jumped ship to DC comics. Until December, Marvel Comics officially announced that the comic series of Little Black Spider resumed on December 12th.

　

In the cartoon, he is half African-American and half Mexican, and he is the second Spider-Man in Marvel Comics’s ultimate world. It seems that the future live-action movies belonging to the little black spider can be looked forward to.

　

Female Spider-Man (Gwen Stacy)

Those who are familiar with the Spider-Man series will naturally be familiar with Gwen, who is the ex-girlfriend of Peter in Spider-Man. Later, Spider-Man was killed by the green goblin in a fight with the green goblin.

　

"Stone Sister" Emma Stone once played this role in amazing spider-man.

However, in the parallel universe, the screenwriter is kind to her, and she appears as a female Spider-Man. In fact, she comes from the earth, which is almost no different from Peter’s universe. The biggest difference is that it is no longer Peter who is bitten by radioactive spiders, but Gwen.

　

In the cartoon, her boyfriend is no longer peter parker, but Miles Morales, our "little black spider". This point has been officially certified in the animated Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

This image debuted in the second issue of Spider Edge in 2014. After it appeared, it was also loved by comic fans, and soon it had its own one-line comic series. However, the good times did not last long, and this series ended in a hurry after being serialized for 34 issues.

　

At first, Gwen didn’t improve her decadent life after she gained the ability. However, in her universe, Peter’s death became a turning point in her life, which made her known as Spider-Man.

　

Shadow Spider-Man

This version of Spider-Man is relatively unfamiliar to the audience.

　

However, he is the most dangerous in the Spider-Man universe — —He advocates fighting violence with violence and punishing evil with killing.

　

He made his debut in Spider-Man: Shadow in 2009. He is more like an outsider who happened in other time and space.

In his design, at that time, the United States was experiencing the Great Depression, and the people at the bottom were filled with sorrow. However, the peter parker family (ben parker and Aunt Mei) were not crushed by the society. They often gave speeches in the streets to protest against the oppression of the government and capitalists and called on the common people to speak out for their freedom. It was also in this way that they became a thorn in new york’s side and a thorn in the flesh.

　

One day, Peter saw Uncle Ben’s entity in the warehouse and knew that the murderer was really a chaebol in new york. There is nothing I can do in the face of reality, and I will continue to speak with Mei Yi.

In the process of investigating the smuggling of cultural relics by the Green Devil Group, Peter hiding on the beam witnessed hundreds of spiders drilled out of antiques and killed the gang. At this time, a spider climbed up the beam and bit Peter severely. In a dream, he saw the god of spiders.

　

When he woke up, he found himself hanging on black sticky spider silk, and he had special abilities given by the god of spiders.

In the movie, a very interesting setting was made. He is color blind in the color world, and it also provides a lot of jokes for the follow-up of the film.

　

Penny Parker

She comes from Earth 14512, a 14-year-old Japanese girl driving a spider robot.

　

She first appeared in the fifth issue of Spider Edge in 2015. After her father died in the battlefield, she took over from her father and let the spider, who was half the computer host of Armor, bite herself — — Thus, the connection between himself and armor is shaped with special functions.

However, all her superpowers come from robots.

When the cartoonist set it, she was the female version of peter parker. Of course, she not only changed her image, but also set her country in Japan. Therefore, when the animation shows her, it also deliberately uses the Japanese comic style to highlight the Kawaii of Little Loli as much as possible ~

　

Spider pig man

Comic characters, in fact, there are often many parody funny characters, that is, simply selling cute and funny. For example, the above-mentioned Spider Pig Man.

Don’t think that Xiao Dianjun wrote a typo ~ This is Marvel Comics, so this image was designed to launch a more children-oriented comic.

The Spider Pig Man comes from the earth TRN461. It was originally a humanoid spider. Mei is a scientist who experimented with a hair dryer powered by atomic energy.

Mei, who was constantly tortured by experiments, became particularly grumpy. Bite Peter in a rage, and the whole body is full of radiation plum, which makes this "humanoid spider" become a "pig-nosed humanoid spider", and he still has his own spider ability.

　

Do you think that’s all Spider-Man has? Of course not. Xiao Dianjun will introduce you to five more. Maybe they will appear in the sequel of Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

　

Spiderbabe

In Marvel comics, there have been three generations of Spider Women. The first generation of Spider-Man first appeared in 1977, and it is now recognized — — Jessica drew. Her experience is more like a winter soldier. She was brainwashed to work for Hydra.

　

After getting rid of hydra, he officially acted as a spider woman. In the Civil War, she sided with Captain America against the conservative Iron Man.

　

Spider girl

From Earth 982, she is the daughter of Peter and Mary Jane. In memory of Aunt Mei, she was named May Mayday Parker.

　

After being seen by his father during a rescue, he decided to pass Spider-Man’s position to her.

　

Granny spider

She comes from Earth 3123, which was changed after Aunt Mei was bitten by a spider.

　

Ji Ji Spider-Man

In fact, his real identity is doctor octopus.

　

In order to cheat death, he exchanged spirits with Spider-Man peter parker. This transformation not only gave Otto Okta Weiss Spider-Man the ability, but also made him appreciate the responsibility of Spider-Man and become a hero.

　

Scarlet spider

He is a clone of peter parker. His first name is taken from his uncle’s name, and his last name is Aunt Mei’s last name before she got married — — Ben Riley. When he was born, he didn’t know he was a clone, but he thought Parker was the clone.

Later, in several battles, I slowly discovered the value of myself.

So, which edition of Spider-Man do you pick?

Dawn News Network-Dawn News On April 1, the reporter walked into the construction site of the molten salt heat storage project of Guoneng Suzhou Thermal Power Co., Ltd., and the engineering vehicles shuttled back and forth, the pile driver rumbled, the workers were skilled, and the steel bars were steadily driven into the foundation … The construction of the molten salt heat storage project was in full swing.

Molten salt has the characteristics of high boiling point, low viscosity, low steam pressure and high volume heat, and it is an excellent heat transfer and storage medium. Molten salt heat storage technology uses the temperature difference generated during the heating and cooling of molten salt to realize thermal energy storage. According to Wu Xing, director of the production technology department of Guoneng Suzhou, by applying molten salt heat storage technology, the heat energy generated in the process of coal-fired power generation is stored in molten salt when the power grid is low, and released when the power supply load is low, which is equivalent to providing a super "charging treasure" for the coal-fired generator set.

In the list of green and low-carbon advanced technology demonstration projects (the first batch) recently published by the National Development and Reform Commission, the molten salt heat storage project of Guoneng Suzhou Thermal Power Co., Ltd. ranks among them, which is a breakthrough in the transformation of molten salt heat storage technology achievements in our city.

This project is the first molten salt energy storage project instead of electrochemical energy storage project in China, and it is also the world’s largest coal-fired generator set coupled molten salt heat storage project at present. It has more than 40 invention patents, completely independent intellectual property rights, and all core equipment is localized.

"The selection of this project marks that the innovation of molten salt heat storage applied to coal-fired power flexibility transformation technology has been fully recognized in the green and low-carbon field, and it has also injected new impetus into the company’s sustainable development." Wu Xing told reporters that the project integrates domestic top scientific research institutes and equipment manufacturing units, breaks through the bottleneck of thermoelectric coupling of some traditional coal-fired generating units, improves the regulation capacity of coal-fired generating units by storing and releasing thermal energy, better adapts to the changes in power system demand, realizes flexible power supply scheduling, and achieves efficient utilization of green and low-carbon energy.

According to the calculation, after the project is put into operation, the maximum load of the generator set with heating can be increased from 80% to 100% of the rated load, and the power generation capacity of renewable energy can be increased by 70 MW and 350 MWh, which can reduce 60,000 tons of coal combustion and 85,000 tons of carbon emissions throughout the year, ensuring the heating safety of 51 industrial and commercial enterprises in Suzhou, which is of great strategic significance for optimizing the energy structure, energy saving and emission reduction and promoting the development of clean energy industry in Suzhou.

The application of molten salt heat storage in coal-fired power flexibility transformation technology is just a microcosm of Guoneng Suzhou Company’s active exploration of new energy storage technology. Wu Xing said that the company will take this as a new starting point, continuously increase investment in energy innovation, strengthen cooperation with the New Energy Technology Research Institute of the National Energy Group and leading enterprises in the industrial chain, jointly accelerate the progress of the project, strive to achieve more independent innovation achievements, provide support for the construction of a new energy system in our city, and help achieve the goal of "double carbon". (Reporter Han Rui)

　　CCTV News:The suspect Saipov was born in Uzbekistan and immigrated to the United States in 2010 when he was 22 years old. Earlier, it was reported that it was hoped to find out whether he was related to terrorist organizations in Uzbekistan, but with more details disclosed, the American media believed that he was brainwashed by extremist organizations in the United States.

　　According to CNN, New York Governor Andrew Cuomo told the media that Saipov was influenced by extreme thoughts after immigrating to the United States. According to local media reports in New Jersey, Omar Mosque in New Jersey, where Saipov often attends worship, has been listed in the investigation catalogue by the new york police. The police believe that this mosque may be related to spreading extreme thoughts.

　　In an interview with Russian TV Today, Paul Valelli, a retired US military officer, said that he believed that Saipov was really influenced by radical thoughts after he came to the United States, but he believed that it was probably a mosque in Tampa, Florida that influenced Saipov.

　　Paul Valelli, a retired US military officer, said, "We know that Tampa has a very active mosque, where new jihadists are recruited, and we should close it as soon as possible.".

　　Colin Rowley, a former member of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, believes that this is mainly caused by the wrong policies of the United States. He believes that the United States has launched wars against Iraq, Syria, Libya and other countries, but in fact some of them have nothing to do with terrorism, on the contrary, they can play a buffer role, and what the United States has done has destroyed all this.

　　Colin Rowley, a former FBI member, said that everything was wrong, and everything was wrong after 9/11. Sixteen years later, we have become a sad country today, facing a permanent war on terrorism. I just want to remind everyone that we can quote George. W。 Bush promised to wipe out terrorists in those countries, so we don’t have to wipe them out in the United States, but this terrorist attack shows a rebound effect, and frankly it is counterproductive.

　　The suspect admitted to being bewitched by extremist organizations.

　　On the 1st local time, the suspect Saipov was charged with terrorism in Manhattan federal court. According to American media reports, it is not common in the United States to charge the perpetrators of vicious attacks with terrorism. According to American law, the crime of supporting terrorist organizations may be sentenced to life imprisonment, and the crime of intentional injury may be sentenced to death. During the police investigation, Saipov claimed that he was bewitched by extremist organizations.

　　CCTV News:On February 17th, the Ministry of Commerce held a regular press conference. At the press conference, Gao Feng, spokesman of the Ministry of Commerce, introduced the relevant progress of joining the Comprehensive and Progressive Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreement, namely CPTPP and Digital Economy Partnership Agreement.

　　Gao Feng introduced that up to now, China has signed 19 free trade agreements with 26 countries and regions, with free trade partners covering Asia, Oceania, Latin America, Europe and Africa. The trade volume between China and its free trade partners accounts for about 35% of the total foreign trade.

　　Iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of national economy. Steel products are used in national defense security and people’s production and life, and weapons and equipment, energy production, transportation, machine building, housing construction and so on are inseparable from steel materials. At the same time, the steel industry is also a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. Doing a good job in energy saving and emission reduction in the steel industry is of great significance for China to achieve the goal of "double carbon". The steel industry has a high degree of industrial correlation and a long supply chain. To promote the green and low-carbon development of the steel industry, efforts must be made from the whole chain of the steel industry chain and supply chain.

　　First, energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry chain and supply chain are the highlights of "carbon reduction"

　　(1) Steel production has a large carbon emission and high unit energy consumption.

　　The development stage of China’s economy, the characteristics of resource endowment, the heavy industrial structure and the energy structure dominated by fossil energy make China’s carbon emission base large and grow rapidly. Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization "China2030Peak carbon dioxide emissions Research Report years ago shows that,2019In, China’s total social carbon emissions were about105100 million tons, of which carbon emissions from energy activities are about98Billions of tons, accounting for a proportion87%. In the carbon emission structure in the field of energy activities, the proportion of carbon emissions in the field of energy production and transformation and the field of energy terminal consumption is respectively47%and53%The steel industry is the industry with the largest carbon emission in the field of energy terminal consumption, accounting for the carbon emission in the field of energy activities.17%, much higher than the second and third building materials (8%) and chemical industry (6%) industry.2017China’s steel emissions per ton in.2Tons of carbon dioxide, far higher than the international advanced level.2018In, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel in key large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises in China reached.555Kilogram standard coal/Tons, much higher than Germany.251Kilogram standard coal/Tons, USA276Kilogram standard coal/Tons. It can be seen that the carbon emissions from steel production account for the largest proportion in the field of energy consumption, while the unit energy consumption is high, which is far from the international advanced level.

　　(B) steel logistics, transport links, carbon emissions.

　　At present, China has built the most complete steel industry system in the global industrial chain, effectively supporting the steel demand of downstream industries and the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and the steel output is continuous.25Ranked first in the world in, resulting in a huge amount of logistics. The main reason for the large carbon emission of logistics in China’s steel industry is that it is influenced by resource endowment. In the transportation of raw materials, due to the shortage of domestic natural mineral resources, especially high-grade mineral resources, steel raw materials rely on imports, resulting in long-distance transportation. Second, it is influenced by the layout of the steel industry. Domestic raw materials are mainly transported from the north to the south, which makes the transportation distance of raw materials involving iron ore, coking coal and other bulk materials longer. In the transportation of finished products, due to the large number, high dispersion and wide distribution of iron and steel enterprises in China, the layout of production areas is far from the consumer market, which makes the finished products need large-scale and long-distance transportation. The long-term demand in the southeast coastal areas, especially in the Pearl River Delta region, is large, and the production capacity in the Bohai Rim region needs to flow to the south. Third, it is influenced by production technology. China’s iron and steel production is mainly based on long-flow technology, and the transshipment in the factory is complicated. Generally speaking, the annual output of crude steel is up to.10100 million tons, the corresponding flow is about100100 million tons, of which four are transported outside the factory and six are transported inside the factory. Fourth, it is influenced by the mode of steel transportation. Transportation is the second largest field of energy consumption and carbon emission in China. Among them, the energy consumption of highways is the largest, and the energy consumption accounts for the total amount in the transportation field.83%Waterway is the second, and railway is the cleanest and low-carbon mode of transportation, and its energy consumption accounts for the total amount of transportation.3%. Road transportation is widely used in China’s steel logistics, which inevitably produces a lot of carbon emissions. Therefore, the iron and steel industry is influenced by many factors, such as resource endowment, production layout, technology and transportation mode, with high output, large logistics volume and huge carbon emissions.

　　Second, the steel industry must take effective measures to reduce carbon emissions.

　　(A) the establishment of carbon emission accounting system, to guide the industry carbon emission reduction.

　　Carbon trading is a transaction that takes carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, thus forming carbon dioxide emission rights.2011In, the pilot project of carbon emissions trading in China started.2013The first carbon emission trading platform started trading in Shenzhen in 2006. Since then, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and other provinces and cities have successively launched pilot carbon emission trading. this yearsevenmoon16The national carbon emissions trading market opened on June. Because the power generation industry is in the field of energy production and conversion with the largest carbon emission in the whole society, it is first included in the national carbon emission trading market.

　　In order to achieve the goal of "double carbon", the steel industry, as the industry with the largest carbon emission in the field of energy terminal consumption, is the key area of carbon control management, and will be included in the national carbon emission trading market in the future, so as to promote the transformation of steel production enterprises to clean production and reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, it is urgent for iron and steel enterprises to develop carbon emission accounting standard system, carbon control organization system and personnel training, so as to establish carbon emission accounting system in iron and steel industry and lay the foundation for carbon quota allocation and carbon emission trading system implementation.

　　(B) the implementation of steel production process transformation, reduce carbon emissions in production.

　　The 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to promote the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy such as coal, and promote the green transformation of steel, petrochemical, building materials and other industries. Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization "China2030Years ago, the peak carbon dioxide emissions Research Report put forward that to realize peak carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to "change the energy production mode with clean substitution and change the energy use mode with electric energy substitution".

　　The technological transformation of green steel production includes electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking. Electric furnace steelmaking is the main way to promote the substitution of electric energy, with scrap steel as the main raw material and electricity as the main energy source. This method has low energy consumption, low emissions and obvious advantages in energy saving and emission reduction. At present, the proportion of electric furnace steelmaking in China is only9%The proportion of electric furnace steelmaking in the United States and the European Union reached respectively.62%、40%. At present, the development conditions of electric furnace steelmaking are mature, energy saving and environmental protection. China should adopt lower carbon electric furnace steelmaking to reduce carbon emissions in steel production. Hydrogen energy steelmaking is beneficial for hydrogen to replace carbon monoxide as reducing agent, and there is no carbon dioxide emission in the reduction process, which can realize complete decarbonization of steel production and is the future development direction.

　　(C) steel logistics to green transformation, reducing carbon emissions in the steel supply chain

　　Iron and steel logistics should achieve green development by changing the mode of transportation, developing multimodal transport and developing smart transportation. The first is to change the mode of transportation. On the one hand, it is to promote "replacing oil with electricity" and promote enterprises to use new energy vehicles for road transportation. At present, China’s new energy vehicle industry is leading the world, new technologies are constantly emerging, the cost of lithium batteries is declining, and hydrogen energy technology is gradually mature and applied, which has the advantage of developing new energy vehicles; On the other hand, we should change from road transportation to cleaner railway transportation, reduce the proportion of road transportation, increase the proportion of railway transportation, speed up the construction of freight railway, solve the "last mile" problem and attract enterprises to choose railway transportation. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, it is proposed to speed up the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods by "revolving iron" and "revolving water". Secondly, develop multimodal transport, strengthen infrastructure construction, multimodal transport station construction, logistics park construction and so on. Finally, it is necessary to develop intelligent transportation. First, it is necessary to develop autonomous driving technology. According to the research of the Ministry of Transport, self-driving cars can save fuel more than human driving.12%It is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. At present, China’s autonomous driving technology is developing rapidly, and the conditions for popularization and application are basically available; The second is to build an information platform to promote the development of shared transportation mode and improve the pendulum of logistics, and realize real-time data exchange and information sharing through the information platform to improve logistics efficiency.

　　Third, the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures in the steel industry has a huge impact on costs.

　　(A) The steel industry carbon emissions accounting system needs to increase investment.According to the requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to promote the market-oriented trading of carbon emission rights. The investment in carbon market construction is not only the investment in carbon emission system construction, but also the investment in various supporting measures within enterprises. The construction of carbon emission accounting system in iron and steel industry needs a lot of people, money and materials.

　　(2) The carbon emission cost of steel production is on the rise.Judging from the spot trading market of carbon emission quotas in the past few years, the overall trend of most trading markets is that the total transaction amount is on the rise and the average transaction price is on the rise. This shows that the transaction cost of carbon emissions of substandard enterprises will gradually increase. According to the transaction data published by Guangzhou Carbon Emissions Exchange,2015Annual turnover11399.2Ten thousand yuan is far below2020Annual turnover83454.15Ten thousand yuan, the average transaction price2020Annual25.58Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons higher than2015Annual16.38Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons.Judging from the national carbon market transaction data released by Shanghai Stock Exchange, the first month of market opening (sevenmoon16Solsticesevenmoon30Date) Monthly turnover of listed agreement transactions505.2Ten thousand tons,Highest transaction price61.07Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Average transaction price per ton and month51.86Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons, much higher than the transaction price at the time of the pilot.In addition, EU carbon emission quota trading data shows that,2018The annual average closing price is17.45euro/Tons,2019The annual average closing price is24.91euro/Tons.As can be seen from the carbon emissions trading between China and the EUThe transaction price keeps rising, and the carbon emission cost of substandard enterprises keeps increasing.

　　(C) Road transportation of steel logistics needs to pay a price for carbon emissions."Double Integral" in Automobile IndustryThe policy (namely "Measures for Parallel Management of Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Car Enterprises and New Energy Vehicle Points") stipulates that the average fuel consumption of passenger car enterprises will generate positive points when it is lower than the standard value, and negative points when it is higher than the standard value. The integral trading market is a free trading market, and the price at the highest point of each integral can reach.3000Yuan. Changan automobile2020The annual expenses for solving the problem of substandard points are as high as.7.4100 million yuan. Weilai automobile is at2019Obtained in 200810Ten thousand points in2020Sold and brought in the second half of 20081.2Net income of 100 million yuan.

　　(D) Steel production needs to pay more for technological transformation.The technological transformation of green steel production includes electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking. In the short term, technological research and development and technological transformation need constant cost investment. In the long run, it will reduce carbon emissions and reduce carbon emission costs.

　　(E) The green development of steel logistics needs a lot of capital investment.It is necessary to realize green logistics by changing the mode of transportation, developing multimodal transport and developing smart transportation, and the transformation of related modes of transportation, infrastructure construction and logistics informatization construction all require a lot of capital investment. In the short term, it will bring a large increase in costs, but in the long term, it will bring about a reduction in carbon emissions and an improvement in logistics efficiency in the steel supply chain, thus reducing the logistics costs of the steel industry. In order to achieve the goal of "double carbon", the steel industry should actively explore the countermeasures to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Incorporate the cost of green development resources and environment into the cost accounting system. To achieve green management, reduce energy intensity and reduce carbon emissions, it needs to pay a lot of resources and environmental costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the resources and environmental costs into the overall cost of the steel supply chain and abandon the previous cost accounting methods that only account for manufacturing and logistics costs. Based on a comprehensive understanding of the overall cost of the iron and steel industry chain and supply chain, this paper systematically analyzes the influence of various factors on its cost with detailed cost data, and puts forward the countermeasures to realize the green development of the iron and steel industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency. At the same time, we should actively study measures such as changing industrial layout to improve industrial concentration, optimizing product structure to improve added value of products, changing traditional management concepts, adopting short-distance multimodal transport, improving production and transportation efficiency by means of informationization and digitalization, and improving the recycling of solid gas waste gas from steel production, so as to reduce the cost of steel industry chain and supply chain and promote the healthy and sustainable development of steel industry.

　　(Author: Zhao Hong, Chen Jingyi,　Price cost survey center)