BEIJING, Beijing, January 22 (Reporter Shangguan Yun) "The sound of firecrackers is one year old, and the spring breeze warms Tu Su." Another Spring Festival is coming, and people greet the long-awaited Lunar New Year with rich and varied festival customs.

　　Meng Lingfa, an associate professor at chongqing technology and business university College of Law and Sociology, mentioned in an exclusive interview with Zhongxin.com that the Spring Festival reflects the exchange between the old and the new in natural time and space, and has a beautiful meaning of getting rid of the old, praying for the good fortune, giving thanks first and reuniting the family.

　　In fact, no matter how the customs change, the Spring Festival is always a reunion festival valued by Chinese, and it also reflects the profoundness and long history of Chinese excellent traditional culture from all aspects.

　　1. What is the meaning of the Spring Festival?

　　Spring Festival is one of the most important traditional festivals in China. As the saying goes, "one hundred years is the first" and "four seasons spring is the first", which reflects the exchange of old and new natural time and space.

　　Therefore, as a title of "Year", the Spring Festival has a beautiful meaning of getting rid of the old and spreading the new, praying for happiness, giving thanks and family reunion in various sacrificial ceremonies and celebrations.

　　In essence, "Chinese New Year" can also be regarded as a time period. In ancient times, there was no word "Spring Festival", but "the first day of the first month" was often called Yuanshuo, Yuanri, SGD, New Year’s Day, Zhengri, Yuanchen or Xinzheng.

　　Meng Lingfa said that until the Republic of China, "the first day of the first month" was named "Spring Festival" and it has been used ever since.

　　Second, why is the Spring Festival called Xinzheng?

　　Among the various names of the Spring Festival, "Xinzheng" has been widely used since the Sui and Tang Dynasties. For example, Meng Haoran’s poem "The New Year’s Eve will be a happy house in Zhang Shaofu" says: "The old plum blossoms sing, and the new Zhengbai wine bottle."

　　In Yuan Xi, an old story of Wulin, Zhou Mi of the Song Dynasty wrote: "As soon as you enter the new school, the lights are getting brighter." In the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the name "Xinzheng" was also continued. In "Cold Swallow in Pingshan", a mountain man wrote: "Because I spent the New Year at home at the end of the year, Xinzheng got up and took office."

　　The title of "Zhengri" may have appeared in the Han Dynasty. In the Book of Beginners of Tang Xujian, four quotations from the Four People’s Moon Order of Han Dynasty said: "The first day of the first month is called Zhengri." Whether it’s a new day or a new day, these titles all reflect the ancient people’s understanding of the first day of the New Year.

　　In essence, these words have certain beautiful meanings. No matter which word is used to refer to "the first day of the first month", the concepts such as "new", "positive" and "yuan" embodied in it all show people’s time positioning for the beginning of a year and their recognition of Vientiane’s renewal.

　　Third, how to set the festival with the beginning of the year?

　　The Spring Festival can become a traditional festival in China, and it has experienced a long development process, which is also related to the choice of calendar.

　　According to Meng Lingfa, China has a very long history of observing images and giving time, but there are still differences from one dynasty to another, which has a direct impact on the tradition of observing festivals at the beginning of the year.

　　In ancient times, people took the Big Dipper as the benchmark, and determined that "bucket handle Huiyin" was Chunzheng and "beginning of spring, who built Zhengyin Moon", was the beginning of the year. This is exactly the method of the era of the main branch, or the star calendar.

　　Simply speaking, the first month of the summer calendar is in Meng Chun, the first month of the business calendar is in winter and December, and the first month of the week calendar is in winter and November. After Qin unified the six countries, the Qin calendar (Zhuan Xu calendar) was adopted, and the first month was set in October.

　　In the early Han Dynasty, the Qin calendar was used. By the time of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty, astronomers Tang Dou, Luo Xiahong, Deng Ping, etc., while absorbing the solar terms, made the "taichu calendar" and restored the first day of the spring of the summer calendar as the beginning of the year. This laid the time foundation for today’s Spring Festival, and Luoxiahong, a native of Langzhong, Sichuan, became the "first person in the Spring Festival" recognized by contemporary scholars and was regarded as the "grandfather of the year".

　　4. Why was "Nian" extended to the name of the year?

　　Nowadays, when people mention the Spring Festival, they always say "Spring Festival". Meng Lingfa explained that "Nian" belongs to the word "He", and Xu Shen wrote "Nian" as "Bang" in Shuo Wen Jie Zi, which means "which is the valley".

　　"Gu Liang Chuan Huan Gong Three Years" records that "all grains are ripe for years". Based on this, "year" has the meaning of "year achievement", that is, "one year’s harvest" Based on this original meaning, "year" gradually extended to the meaning of expressing time, and thus concepts such as "year festival", "age", "anniversary" and "age" appeared.

　　The same is true of the "year" of "Chinese New Year". As the so-called "spring planting", "summer hoeing", "autumn harvest" and "winter storage" go round and round, it is not difficult to understand that people regard "Chinese New Year" as a festival to celebrate the harvest.

　　In addition, "food is the most important thing for the people" and "community" and "millet" are extremely important to people, and in such an important period of the Spring Festival, posting Spring Festival couplets with the meaning of "bumper harvest", holding performances of "social fire" and "social drama", and praying for "good weather" and "bumper harvest" have become very important belief activities.

　　5. What is the relationship between New Year’s Eve and Spring Festival?

　　From the time point of view, New Year’s Eve is connected with the Spring Festival, but it has its origin, that is, "expelling diseases and ghosts". Han stone reliefs have "Nuo Opera Map", and Song Yi’s painting "Da Nuo Map" is proof.

　　Meng Lingfa explained that the original meaning of "except" is "transaction" and "evening" means "night", and this day is generally on the 30 th of the twelfth lunar month, commonly known as "the 30 th of the year" It is night people who "stay up all night", which is commonly called "keeping the old age".

　　Therefore, from its original meaning, it can mean "abandoning the old and welcoming the new" and "exorcising evil spirits and avoiding filth" on the last night of the year. Therefore, there are similarities and differences between Spring Festival and New Year’s Eve, and the former can also include the latter to some extent — — Folk custom says that "it is the year after Laba", and "Year" is called "Spring Festival" in modern and contemporary society.

　　In addition, according to different kinship, people go to relatives’ homes to pay New Year greetings at different times from the first day of junior high school. For example, in some places, they "return to their parents’ homes" on the second day of junior high school and "aunts and uncles" on the third day.

　　6. When does New Year’s Eve appear at the earliest?

　　People in China often refer to New Year’s Eve as "New Year’s Eve", which is called "New Year’s Eve" if it is a day or a night. In some areas, the day before New Year’s Eve is also called "New Year’s Eve".

　　From the perspective of classics, the appearance of "New Year’s Eve" may be much later than the Spring Festival. The earliest reference to "New Year’s Eve" in the existing literature is the "Records of Local Customs" written by the Western Jin and Zhou Dynasties. "On New Year’s Eve, if you don’t sleep, it is called keeping the year."

　　Most of New Year’s Eve falls on the 30th of the twelfth lunar month, but it also falls on the 29th of the twelfth lunar month. Meng Lingfa said that the traditional calendar in China is generally a combination of yin and yang, which considers both the sun and the moon, and the Big Dipper and the Twenty-eight Nights. However, in order to bridge the time difference between the sun, the moon and the stars, a flat year and a leap year were established.

　　Therefore, there are 30 days and 29 days in the last month of the lunar year, but there are more than 30 days.

　　Seven, why do you want to keep the age?

　　"Shounian" is also called "Shounian Fire", according to the age, etc. Simply put, after dinner, the whole family entered the first day of the first month from "New Year’s Eve" until dawn.

　　Meng Lingfa believes that one of the reasons for this custom may be that "Shounian" originated from ancient nature worship and people’s reasonable explanation of it. People take the behavior of "staying up late" to resolve the survival crisis brought by the imaginary "Nian beast".

　　In other words, people hope to build an invisible force in the span of two periods to drive away all evil diseases and epidemics, so as to realize the effective protection of family or collective members.

　　In a word, the custom of "keeping the old age" on New Year’s Eve mainly comes from a symbolic expression of people’s alternation between the old and the new, which embodies people’s perceptual cognition and treatment of the cyclical changes in natural time series, and gradually moves towards national entertainment.

　　8. What are the main customs of the Spring Festival?

　　During the Spring Festival, there are various festival customs, such as eating jiaozi, setting off fireworks, paying lucky money and visiting temple fairs.

　　After eating the New Year’s Eve dinner, I also took back the Kitchen God. When the first day of the first month, everyone went to visit relatives and friends as usual, and "Happy New Year" in turn. People put on their favorite new clothes, prepare refreshments and sweets, and entertain guests warmly.

　　In the old folk customs, from the first day to the seventh day, everything is exquisite every day, which is quite ceremonial.

　　Nine, why do you want to eat "five spicy dishes"?

　　Interestingly, some places eat "five spicy dishes" during the Spring Festival, which are cold dishes composed of five kinds of plants: raw leeks, raw onions, Polygonum cuspidatum, Polygonum cuspidatum and Artemisia scoparia, and some also use onions, garlic sprouts, ginger, peppers and mustard.

　　In the Southern Dynasties, Liang Zonggu’s Chronicle of the Age of Jingchu recorded: "Spring cakes, radishes and spiced spring plates are eaten in the New Year". It can be seen that the "five-spice plate" was widely distributed in Chu.

　　The "five-spice plate" is basically based on spicy dishes, and its homonym is "new", which means the beginning of a new year. In addition, eating "five spicy dishes" has the meaning of eliminating evil and diseases, and praying for "good health in the new year".

　　Ten, saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new is the core topic of the Spring Festival?

　　"Thousands of families always change new peaches for old ones every day." Meng Lingfa said that "saying goodbye to the old and welcoming the new" is indeed the core topic of the Spring Festival. It can be said that most Spring Festival activities are inseparable from this.

　　Sticking Spring Festival couplets, door gods, etc. generally appear on New Year’s Eve (noon); The bowing in New Year’s greetings on the first day of the first month, the auspicious words when greeting each other, etc., can all show that both of them have the characteristics of "resigning the old and welcoming the new".

　　Meng Lingfa believes that, comparatively speaking, the "farewell to the old" attribute of New Year’s Eve is prominent, and the custom of the first day of the first month is more inclined to "welcome the new".

　　In his view, celebrating the Spring Festival is an important activity that China has inherited for thousands of years. We should pay attention to the role of traditional culture in the development of contemporary society, do a good job in the process of protection and inheritance, and better maintain the cultural identity function of traditional festivals. (End)

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The pictures from top to bottom are:

Sausage and seasoning.

Photo by Luo Yuewen (Image China)

Wanggezhuang steamed bread.

Photo courtesy of Wanggezhuang Street, Laoshan District, Qingdao

Hakka fried hairpin.

Lan Qilong

Hemp leaves and burnt meatballs.

Photo by Wang Xu

　　I love the bacon in my hometown.

　　Zhou yujiao

　　When there are mountain people on the street who pick fragrant cypresses, I know that the year is approaching.

　　Zunyi, located in the southwest, mostly belongs to the alpine mountainous area, with abundant rainfall and humid climate all year round, and food, especially meat, is not easy to store. In the years when there was no refrigerator, the mountain people made bacon, which was hung on the stove for many years and was smoked and roasted by the stove fire. This kind of bacon gradually changed from light chestnut to burnt black, but the taste became more and more mellow.

　　Living in the city, there is no firewood to cook, but smoked bacon is still an essential new year’s goods, otherwise it will lose its flavor in 2008. I still remember that there was a big tin bucket in the family courtyard where I lived. Before and after the winter solstice, the tin bucket came in handy. Since the first family began to smoke bacon, the smell of smoke in the small courtyard has been floating until the 28 th of the twelfth lunar month, never stopping.

　　Smoked bacon, for any family, is a major event in the New Year. Early, my mother went to the vegetable market to buy fat and thin "two-knife meat" and pork belly, and cut them into strips of moderate size. When you come home, first smear high-alcohol liquor on the meat, which can not only disinfect and sterilize, but also benefit the taste. Then add the salt to spices such as pepper and star anise, stir-fry slowly with low fire until the salt is slightly yellow, and rub it repeatedly on the pork while it is hot to let them penetrate into the meat. Marinate it for about a week, turn it twice, then take it out and dry it, and you can smoke it.

　　Just as there can be no bacon in the annual flavor, can there be no sausage in the bacon? The most technical part of sausage is seasoning, and each seasoning has its own advantages, whether it is spicy or sweet, depending on preferences.

　　Filling sausages is also a technical job, too tight, and it is easy to break the extremely thin casing; It’s too fluffy to cut into pieces after steaming, even if it’s a housewife’s hand, when she eats a "round meal" in the first month, it will definitely make her relatives talk for a long time. After the meat is poured into the casing, one section is tied tightly with cotton thread. The last process should not be vague. Punch the hole with a needle to let out the air in the sausage.

　　Marinate for about a week, turn and knead once in the middle, air dry for two days, remove the water, and you can smoke. Mother took out the usual accumulated seed shells, peanut shells, dried orange peels and bagasse, and went to the street to find a load of cedarwood and some sawn wood surfaces, and everything was ready.

　　Put the meat and sausage on the steel bar that crosses the tin bucket in an orderly way, cover it with several layers of thick linen, light the stove door specially opened under the tin bucket and add cypress, and the bacon will begin. The fragrance of cedarwood and nut shells floated out with the white smoke, and in a short time, the oily smell of bacon also escaped. In the crackling burning sound, the meat creaked slightly. From time to time, a drop of oil dripped into the fire, and a spark burst out, and another spark burst out.

　　Bacon is a chore. Mother has to stay by the iron drum all day, and can’t leave for a moment. It is necessary to add fuel from time to time to ensure that there is smoke coming out continuously. More attention should be paid to controlling the fire not to be too big, not to burn the meat, and to turn it off once in the middle to make the meat smoked more evenly.

　　At dusk, the meat was finally smoked, brought home and hung on the balcony. The fragrant smoke filled the whole room instantly, and glittering oil beads dripped from time to time. This is the fragrant smell of "Nian".

　　On New Year’s Eve, bacon sausage is undoubtedly the protagonist. After this day, relatives began to eat "turn around". Each family’s signature dishes have their own merits, but the position of preserved meat has never been shaken, and it is the most popular whether it is drinking or eating. Each family has its own bacon flavor, which is an important criterion for judging a housewife’s cooking.

　　Bacon in the mother’s hands can be described as endless changes, which can be combined and perfect — — Stewed square bamboo shoots with preserved pork feet, stewed rice with preserved ribs, fried turnips with preserved meat, fried ferns, and fried broken ears with sausage … … Everything is an authentic taste of northern Guizhou.

　　Of course, it is more common to cook directly without any side dishes. In the more mellow and thick wax fragrance, the fat is crystal clear, the thin ruddy is firm, and it is fat but not greasy, thin but not firewood, and the thick oil fragrance is accompanied by a touch of vegetation fragrance, which is an unusually rich annual flavor, from the first year fragrance to the end of the year.

　　Now that there are abundant materials, there is no need to store meat by smoking. Home-cooked bacon is becoming less and less. All the year round, we go to the market to purchase finished products, and we can feast on them with a little cooking. But I still miss the time when I smoked bacon at home, because the smell of bacon filled with fireworks carries the memory of time and the taste of family.

　　Hong huo huo Zheng mantou

　　Wang Qin

　　"Aunt Li, let’s make a big steamed bun by soaking in the starter and making a good face!"

　　"Uncle Zhang, steamed bread is up to you. The wind should be strong and the flames should be strong! "

　　In the cramped painting, all the shouts rang out, and all the people in the hospital could hear clearly. Then Aunt Li was busy finding out the basin and soaking the starter. Aunt Wang washed and washed a bunch of "clips" and wiped and wiped them; Zhang Shu lit the stove with firewood, then "Huda Huda" pulled up the bellows, and the flames burst out of the furnace, making the kitchen red. In a short time, hot steam floated out of the open window, and the bellows rang even louder.

　　Steaming steamed bread in the New Year is one of the important contents of welcoming the New Year. In Qingdao, my hometown, in the past, steamed bread must be among the sacrifices offered to ancestors at festivals, which shows the position of steamed bread in people’s minds. Nowadays, although steamed bread has become a common thing, its meaning is still far-reaching. Making steamed bread should be "steamed" and "steamed", which is related to homophonic words such as "getting rich" and "thriving" and is also an expression of people’s New Year’s vision. Therefore, despite the abundant food and convenient purchase, many people still keep the custom of steaming steamed buns for the New Year.

　　Making steamed bread is indispensable for "jujube cake". Insert the washed dates evenly into the round dough, which looks like a "jujube hill" at first glance. Some also cut the jujube into pieces, remove the jujube core and insert it on the steamed bread, which looks like a fish scale, like a fat "jujube fish" and a "hedgehog" full of thorns. The interpretation of jujube in the workshop is mostly homophonic: lucky strike, thriving, is a symbol of happiness and auspiciousness. Jujube cakes are not only visually beautiful, but also sweet and auspicious. Eating Chinese New Year’s jujube cake will usher in a year of good luck.

　　In addition to making steamed bread, steamed "clips" are also indispensable pasta for the New Year. "Clip" is a kind of woodcut mold, which is specially used to make various kinds of pasta, and the pasta people will make with it is also called "clip". "Clip" is actually a kind of steamed bread, but the style is different. The "clip" dies are large and small, long and short, square and round. There are many patterns of "clip", such as fish, peach, lotus, cicada, zodiac, etc., as well as the word "Xi", "Fu" and "Shou", which means that there is more than enough every year, good luck and peace.

　　Generally, after off-year, the compound will be lively. Neighborhood help each other, some provide "old introduction", some guide "hair face", and aunts will help the families of dual employees; Anyone who has a "clip" at home will contribute, and each family will take turns using the "pass the parcel". In those days, people with big iron pots even went to their neighbors to cook, and the big iron pots were specially used to steam steamed buns for their neighbors. From morning till night, you come and I go, and the owner goes west. The joyful, harmonious and warm atmosphere hangs over the whole compound, which makes people feel the beauty of the New Year.

　　After steaming steamed bread, put it in a cool and dry place. Half a century ago, ordinary people didn’t have refrigerators and freezers, and the cool places such as aisles and corridors were used. Wrap the steamed bread and "clip" with clean gauze, and then wrap it with a protective layer, or put it in a jar, jar or carton for more than ten days. Some of them are preserved properly, and they are as delicious as ever after the first month.

　　The first month is a day of delicious food. With braised pork, fried fish and freshly fried vegetables, drinking two or two small wines and eating a white and soft steamed bun or "clip", there is simply no way to say that happiness!

　　In the 21st century, some traditional customs are slowly changing, but their "roots" are still there, and they are endowed with new contents and new forms, becoming more and more popular.

　　Now during the Spring Festival, people can go to the supermarket to choose all kinds of steamed bread and "clips" at will, and there is no need to ferment, mix flour and knead shapes by themselves. Steamed bread has also become a tool for hometown people to get rich. Wanggezhuang, Qingdao, set up a big steamed bread production base more than ten years ago, and the sub-district office is responsible for ensuring "materials", "quality" and "reputation": yeast is provided in a unified way, and flour is invited for bidding once a year, which not only ensures the nutrition and grade of flour, but also encourages surrounding farmers to grow a variety of good grain. The industrial chain, with big steamed bread as the main product, accompanied by fancy steamed bread such as "Swallow", "Fushou Peach", "Fugui Fish" and "Jujube Flower Cake" as the secondary products, has made this land at the foot of Laoshan Mountain present a prosperous and beautiful scene, and let the local villagers really taste the sweetness of common prosperity.

　　"No hairpin but a new year"

　　Zhong Zhaoyun

　　In the Hakka mountainous area at the junction of Fujian, Guangdong and Jiangxi provinces, there is a kind of delicious food called "Zan", which generally refers to the food made by grinding rice into powder or pulp. There are many kinds of them, which should be made in solar terms. According to the stuffing, color, shape and so on, they can be used as snacks, staple food or even a dish. Hakka people have it on their dining tables all year round, and it is a "hard dish" during the Spring Festival, which can be seen from the saying that "there is no hairpin but the New Year".

　　Since I was a child, I have an extraordinary hobby for hairpin, especially the special fried hairpin in Yanqian Town, Wuping County, my hometown in western Fujian. It is golden in color, crisp on the outside and tough on the inside, sweet and delicious. After eating it overnight, it becomes crunchy when bitten, and it is famous for its long shelf life.

　　As soon as the New Year’s Eve arrives, every household begins to make chopsticks, and when they arrive at the village entrance, they can smell the fragrance floating in the air. At this time, no matter how naughty and active the children are, they can quietly wait around the steaming stove to eat. After the "small balls" reach their mouths, they often catch a few out of the house to show off their "wealth" to the village friends and eat with relish like greedy cats. Hakka people are simple, kind, warm and generous. They have fried the hairpin at home. As long as they know who has not cooked the pot next door, they will bring a bowl to taste it together.

　　As far as I can remember, during the Chinese New Year, my father took care of the hairpin at home, from cooking brown sugar, rubbing the hairpin balls to frying with fire, and my mother and my brother and sister were responsible for passing the "small balls" in the hall. The "small balls" are well-proportioned, and dozens can be arranged in a big bamboo basket, not next to each other, not to overlap, in case of sticking. When a basket is made here, a pot is almost fried in the kitchen, and several large bamboo baskets are replaced by turns. Both sides are in full swing, and they must do it in one go before the 29 th of the New Year’s Day, and they have to give up the stove for the New Year’s Eve.

　　Gradually, my position rose from the firewood worker in the kitchen to the main player of the hairpin, but I never replaced my father’s "handsome" position. In fact, the coach is not good, the ratio of indica rice flour to glutinous rice flour is out of balance, the sugar water is not in place, and the heat is not enough, which will easily lead to the phenomenon of fried dough, incomplete frying, and a pot of coke. Under normal circumstances, when the oil temperature is 60% hot, the ball table turns yellow in a few minutes, and then it is fried for an hour or so with a small fire. From time to time, the ball is turned over with a spatula to avoid burning the sticky pot, then covered with a bamboo cover, and placed in a fixed porcelain basin until the oil drops dry before entering the cylinder. Hairpins are fried crystal clear one by one, and they are caramel color soon after they are taken out of the pot, and they will become the famous fried hairpins in front of the rock after being put on overnight. Making a good pot of hairpin requires the cooperation of many people, but the technical work still depends on the veteran at the helm.

　　The happiest thing at the labor site is to cook and eat now, and take a bite of incense. Adults always fry the first pot for seven minutes in order to let the greedy children eat the hairpin early, which is called "seed fire hairpin", which is soft and sweet and won’t get angry if they eat more. Once I ate a dozen in a row, and a big bowl filled with them turned upside down in an instant. The more children eat, the happier their mothers are. When my mother is happy, she will sing the ballad that my grandmother taught when she was alive: "The foreign leaf (butterfly) leaves Ye Fei, and my mother will return to her daughter; Take the big hairpin to sister, and leave the small hairpin to tease the younger brother. " Full of sound and emotion, people feel that happiness is so simple and family affection is so priceless.

　　Pots of round, hot, delicious hair sticks are fried, fat and thin bacon is available, fragrant rice wine is brewed, red Spring Festival couplets and door gods are posted, and all the rooms are clear and cool, and the laughter and laughter at home and in the village are transmitted in the spring breeze.

　　Most families in my hometown will keep some chopsticks and take them with them when they go to spring ploughing, which are called "supporting bones" as dry food or snacks. If you have a bad mouth, you can steam it with breakfast or cut it into small pieces to eat cold. Some old people also stew porridge or stewed sweet potatoes, the taste is unchanged, and the teeth are stiff. This flavor of the year is still original after the Dragon Boat Festival.

　　After many years, we have grown up and traveled all over the country, but we can never forget the taste of our hometown. Every year during the Spring Festival, I invite two or three relatives and friends to get together at home to taste the fried hairpin in front of the rock. If there is "Wuping dried pork gall", which is the first of the "eight dry things in western Fujian", and then there is a "rock sheep stew" which should only be in the sky, it will be better than the fairy. The taste of hometown and the feelings of wanderers are worth savoring all your life.

　　"Uncle, have a bowl of fried chopsticks … …” Nowadays, when I go home, I often just sit down in the living room and hear the voices of my nephews. There are a dozen exquisite hairpin in the bowl, and the smiles on their faces are just like the "reunion fried hairpin" in front of them, which is festive and brilliant.

　　Delicious "flowering"

　　Li Dan cliff

　　In my hometown of Bozhou, Anhui, before the Spring Festival, people like to make hemp leaves, commonly known as "scorched hemp leaves", and some elderly people call them "scorched leaves". Hemp leaf, as its name implies, is a gourmet with sesame as its main feature. Sesame is divided into black and white, so hemp leaves are also divided into black sesame leaves and white sesame leaves.

　　As soon as winter comes, housewives begin to be busy with the New Year. They took the sesame seeds harvested in autumn out of the bag, filtered the dust with clear water and dried them for later use. You can be very particular about noodles. To make noodles with hemp leaves, it is necessary to mix them with vegetable oil, which can ensure the pure taste and the crisp and delicious fried hemp leaves. When the dough is mixed, it needs a disk surface, and then it is rolled into a dough. When the dough is almost rolled, stretch the dough, sprinkle with sesame seeds, and roll it again to ensure that the sesame seeds and the dough stick together. Then roll up the dough on a rolling pin, "stab" it with a knife, and cut the multi-layer dough from the middle. The dough was cut into pieces, then cut into diamonds and dried in a sieve basket.

　　The wind at the end of the year soon evaporated the water in the diamond-shaped dough in the sieve basket. At this time, the hemp leaves were initially formed, and sesame seeds were visible on the dough. Then, add raw hemp leaves into the oil and fry them with slow fire. Until the hemp leaves turn yellow, stir them up with a hedge and clatter. After the pot is cooled, the hemp leaves are crispy and delicious, and the house is full of fragrance.

　　There are many ways to eat hemp leaves, which can be placed on a plate and served as a dish. It can also be sandwiched in the middle of hot steamed bread to eat. The hot air of hot steamed bread can catalyze the fragrance of oil and increase the taste of hemp leaves. Or break hemp leaves and wrap them into flat food with leeks and shrimps to eat; It’s not bad to eat as a refreshment. There is no trivial matter in the twelfth lunar month in my hometown, and my family sits around and "eats their teeth". "idle teeth" is a dialect, which means eating delicious food and chatting. The family sat in the living room watching TV and eating hemp leaves, enjoying themselves.

　　The color of hemp leaves is like gold, so it is called "Jin Yezi". In addition to hemp leaves, there are prickly heat for the Spring Festival. At this time, the prickly heat is "small prickly heat", which is made of sesame oil and flour, sprinkled with sesame seeds and rolled into rectangular pieces. The knife cuts several holes vertically on the dough sheet, and the two ends are kept open. When it is pinched and twisted, it becomes a candy style, which is small and unique and fragrant. On the day of the northern off-year, my grandmother would stack the fried prickly heat layer by layer in a white porcelain plate, like a golden hill, and let the children eat it together with the candy for the stove. Grandma said, "If you eat a small prickly heat, you have to chew something! Otherwise, a good tooth and a crisp mouth are wasted. "

　　Eating related to "Year" has a good color. Hemp leaves have the meaning of spreading branches and leaves, and having more children and more happiness; The small scorpion has the meaning of twisting into a rope and family unity. Another delicious fried food — — Jiaowanzi means reunion.

　　To make burnt meatballs, you should also use sesame oil and flour. Whether the meatballs are burnt or not, fans are the key. Good sweet potato vermicelli, soaked in hot water for two hours, chopped into pieces, mixed with flour and paste, sprinkled with spiced powder, salt and other things. Grab a handful of dough and hold it in your hand. Squeeze it a little hard, and the batter will come out from the jaws of the tiger and squeeze it into the boiling oil pan. It will "squeak" and immediately rise to a fragrance. The fried burnt meatballs are crispy and delicious, and can be eaten directly, steamed or put in mutton vermicelli soup, which has a unique flavor. Today, burnt meatballs are still a necessary food for people in northern Anhui at the end of the year.

　　Hemp leaves, small prickly heat and burnt meatballs are rolled into flowers in the oil pan, and the state of food blooming in boiling oil seems to welcome a hundred flowers after the Spring Festival. Apart from eating hemp leaves, small prickly heat and burnt meatballs, all kinds of sweets, chocolates and biscuits are on the table, and every household seems to have opened a small supermarket.

　　When writing this article, I saw that my mother was wearing reading glasses to cut the window grilles, which were the patterns of magpies climbing branches, while my daughter was carrying the hemp leaves that her grandmother had just fried and squeezing the ketchup … … Happy and beautiful days are just around the corner.

　　In such an important festival as the Spring Festival, food brings people not only delicious food, but also a sense of reunion and joy. The family is sitting around, the lights are amiable, and the delicious "flowers" live up to the Spring Festival.

　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, February 1st　Question: Rent a car and drive home during the Spring Festival. Be careful that these "routines" can’t go!

　　Xinhua News Agency "China Net" reporter Wu Mengda Wang Jing

　　As the Spring Festival approaches, plane, train and bus tickets are hard to buy, and more and more people choose to rent a car to return home. The reporter’s recent investigation found that many people have the experience of being "touched by porcelain" and "killed by customers" when renting a car. Because of the vague contract provisions and blank supervision, they can only "worry" when there is a dispute. When renting a car to go home during the Spring Festival, we must be careful, and the regulatory authorities should also take timely actions to fill in the "pit" of the industry.

　　Renting a car but encountering a serial "pit"

　　According to the data of market research organization iResearch, the number of automobile drivers in China has exceeded 300 million at present, and there is a big gap between drivers and car ownership. The combination of economic growth, lifestyle changes and self-driving travel habits makes car rental a new travel choice. However, compared with the rapidly developing market scale, the market order has become a lagging short board.

　　Not long ago, Ms. Min Tian, a Beijing citizen, traveled to Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia, rented a car from Chifeng Junyi Car Rental Co., Ltd., paid a deposit of 5,000 yuan and signed a contract, agreeing to return the car that night. After taking a few photos of the car’s appearance, several people drove on the road, but the experience of returning the car made her unexpected.

　　When Ms. Tian contacted to return the car by phone, she learned that Ms. Tian would leave Chifeng by plane at night, and Liu, the person in charge of the car rental company, "actively" suggested that she could return the car at the airport. However, after repeated phone calls, Liu arrived more than 40 minutes late.

　　Ms. Tian said that after watching the car, Liu said that "there are scratches on the front and left back doors". Some photos taken by Ms. Tian when renting a car prove that scratches already exist. Then Liu suggested that the steering wheel had abnormal sound. Despite Ms. Tian’s objection, the plane waited for no one, so she had to take the opportunity to leave in a hurry.

　　Early the next morning, the two parties agreed by telephone that Ms. Tian’s local relatives and the car rental company would test the vehicle together. Not long after, Ms. Tian received a phone call from the car rental company, saying that the car had been unilaterally "inspected". The report sent by the car rental company said that "the trailer parts of the vehicle are loose, causing antifreeze leakage" and asked Ms. Tian to sign and deduct the deposit.

　　The reporter contacted Liu, the person in charge of the car rental company. Liu said that the test found that the external scratches and steering wheel of the car had nothing to do with the renter, but the bottom drag parts of the car were faulty, and the renter had to bear the repair fee, which would be deducted from the deposit of 5,000 yuan.

　　In this regard, Ms. Tian believes: "It is agreed to inspect the car together, but the other party goes privately, and the test results of the car inspection are a list, which is difficult to convince." Previously, some consumers reported that they encountered a similar situation when renting a car in Chifeng, and they didn’t return a penny of the 2000 yuan deposit, so they could only admit that they were unlucky.

　　The reporter interviewed the local traffic management department. After investigation, the car rental company has an industrial and commercial license, but it is difficult for the traffic control department to handle similar situations. It is recommended that the car rental person solve it through litigation.

　　Due to problems such as contract loopholes and careless inspection when renting a car, it is easy for many consumers to rent a car and it is difficult to return it. According to the consumer complaints in the fourth quarter of last year published by the tourist city of Sanya, Hainan, car rental and wedding photography became the industries with the largest number of complaints.

　　Hard to refund the deposit and hard to guarantee the insurance … … There are many "cheat people" routines.

　　The reporter found that when consumers rent a car, the problems in three major areas, such as deposit, insurance and illegal disposal, are concentrated.

　　Deposit — — The car is refunded and the deposit is not refundable. According to the common "rules" of the car rental industry, the car rental company can temporarily withhold the deposit for one month after the consumer returns the car, and then refund the deposit after all violations are settled. However, some companies are mixed, and the deposit is gone. Some consumers in Guiyang, Guizhou Province reported that the car was returned smoothly, but while waiting for the deposit to be refunded, the operator turned off and closed the door to play "into thin air", and the deposit of 5,000 yuan could not be refunded.

　　Insurance — — If you buy insurance, you can’t protect it. There are still many consumers who report that it is mandatory to buy compulsory insurance when renting a car, but many companies have set up the overlord clause, and they have to pay all their own money if something goes wrong. Some car rental companies will sell higher "all risks", claiming to be "all-inclusive" of accidents, but there are exceptions in the contract, and many projects are difficult to pay. According to the local traffic management department, some car rental companies even deliberately concealed the coverage, which led the lessee to find that the insurance content was inconsistent with that published by official website, a car rental company.

　　Violation — — You can also "buy and divide". Mr. Zhao, a Beijing citizen, told reporters that he rented a car in CAR Inc. Xi ‘an North Store last October and drove to Gansu. After that, CAR Inc. informed him that he violated the rules in Gansu: speeding was 50%, and 200 yuan was fined 6 points according to the traffic regulations. And the local CAR Inc. also provides "intimate" service: you can "buy points" from the company for 400 yuan, and if it is too expensive, "it can be discussed again". Consumers themselves inquired about the traffic management bureau in the area where the violation occurred, and the answer turned out to be: no violation information record was found.

　　Urgent solution to legislative gaps and regulatory loopholes

　　Industry insiders told reporters that there are many gaps in how to supervise the car rental industry. The state has not yet issued relevant laws and regulations on car rental, and grassroots law enforcement also lacks a superior law to refer to.

　　Cao Wenke, the relevant person in charge of the Transportation Management Office of Chifeng City Transportation Bureau, Inner Mongolia, introduced that in 2017, the then Ministry of Transport and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development jointly issued the Guiding Opinions on Promoting the Healthy Development of Minibus Leasing. However, in practical application, the "guiding opinions" of ministries and commissions can not be used as the basis for law enforcement, and it is difficult to carry out supervision work normally.

　　"Car rental companies make false invoices to find the tax bureau, seek the industrial and commercial bureau without a license, find the transportation management department without qualification, and find the traffic police without annual inspection and insurance … …” A grassroots cadre said that this kind of segmented management can easily lead to the phenomenon of "kicking the ball".

　　Savage growth not only hurts consumers, but also hurts some car rental companies. According to the local traffic management department, after renting a car, some people mortgaged the rented car to others, resulting in the loss of the operator’s interests; After someone rented a car, a serious accident occurred and he left. In the end, it was difficult to deduct the accident loss with a deposit of several thousand yuan.

　　Compared with foreign countries, China’s car rental industry is still in the initial stage of development, with huge market potential. Liu Junhai, a professor at the Law School of Renmin University of China, and other experts in the industry suggested that the relevant laws and regulations of the car rental industry should be promulgated as soon as possible, so that this field can be managed and managed, and industry self-discipline can also be explored, and a "blacklist" system can be established to restrict illegal rental companies from carrying out car rental business services.

Recently, with the consent of the Tianjin Municipal People’s Government, the General Office of the Tianjin Municipal People’s Government officially issued "Several Measures for Promoting the Integrated Development of Domestic and Foreign Trade in Tianjin" (No.29 [2022] of Tianjin Municipal Government, hereinafter referred to as "Tianjin Measures") to make arrangements for promoting the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade in Tianjin. The promulgation of "Tianjin Measures" will further give play to the market advantages and domestic demand potential, improve the ability to make overall use of two markets and two resources, and build an important node of the domestic grand cycle and a strategic fulcrum of the domestic and international double cycle. The relevant information of the document is now interpreted as follows:

(1) What is the background of formulating the Tianjin Measures?

The Fifth Plenary Session of the 19th CPC Central Committee put forward that "it is necessary to speed up the construction of a new development pattern with the domestic big cycle as the main body and the domestic and international double cycles promoting each other". The General Secretary of the Supreme Leader repeatedly stressed that "the new development pattern is by no means a closed domestic cycle, but an open domestic and international double cycle". The government work report of our city in 2022 also pointed out that "we should strive to build an important node of the domestic big cycle and a strategic fulcrum of the domestic and international double cycle, create more application scenarios and better open platforms, and better attract the gathering of high-quality resources at home and abroad. The integration of domestic and foreign trade is an inherent requirement for building a new development pattern, a positive response to the challenges and opportunities in the new development stage, and is of great significance for cultivating and building an international consumption center city in our city and promoting the coordinated development of domestic trade, foreign trade, import and export.

Since the reform and opening up, especially since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the scale of China’s domestic foreign trade market has been growing day by day, and it has become the world’s second largest consumer market and the largest commodity trading country. Our city’s foreign trade has also developed rapidly. The import and export trade volume has increased from 150.37 billion yuan when we joined the World Trade Organization in 2001 to 856.74 billion yuan in 2021, an increase of 4.69 times and a record high. At the same time, with the approval of the State Council in July, 2021, Zhuhai took the lead in cultivating and building an international consumption center city, which brought great development opportunities for expanding domestic demand, promoting consumption, guiding export commodities to domestic sales, attracting high-quality goods imports, and smoothing domestic and international markets. In recent years, the docking of domestic and foreign trade markets in our city has been active, foreign trade enterprises have taken the initiative to explore the domestic market, domestic trade enterprises have actively expanded overseas markets, and the integration of domestic and foreign trade has accelerated, and a number of subjects engaged in both foreign trade and domestic trade have grown up, forming a number of industries that integrate domestic and foreign trade. However, there are still shortcomings in the integration of domestic and foreign trade, obstacles in the market access of domestic and foreign trade, imperfect system of domestic and foreign trade integration, insufficient ability to make overall use of two resources in the two markets, and insufficient smooth development of domestic and foreign trade integration, which can not fully meet the needs of building a new development pattern.

(2) What is the basis and process for formulating the Tianjin Measures?

In order to promote the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade, the General Office of the State Council officially issued the Opinions on Promoting the Integrated Development of Domestic and Foreign Trade on December 30, 2021, and made arrangements for promoting the integrated development of domestic and foreign trade, requiring all localities to study and determine specific policies and measures in light of the actual situation to promote practical results.

In order to implement the spirit of the State-run document, in accordance with the work arrangements of the municipal government, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, together with relevant departments, combined with the cultivation and construction of "double centers" in our city, studied and drafted the "Tianjin Measures", solicited the opinions of 49 units including the people’s governments of various districts, relevant municipal departments, and relevant development zone management committees, fully absorbed and revised them, and reached an agreement through communication. At the same time, the public was consulted. ??

(3) What are the main contents of the Tianjin Measures?

The document defines five parts and 19 specific measures.

First, improve the system of domestic and foreign trade integration. Four measures are put forward, such as perfecting laws and regulations, perfecting supervision system, carrying out standard certification and promoting the homogeneity of the same line and standard. The key points include: timely promoting the revision of local laws, government regulations and administrative normative documents that hinder the integration of domestic and foreign trade; Carry out anti-unfair competition law enforcement in key areas; Promote enterprises to carry out benchmarking, and support third-party institutions such as inspection, certification and accreditation to provide one-stop services for domestic and foreign trade enterprises; Encourage and guide enterprises to develop homogeneity of the same line and standard through self-declaration or third-party evaluation.

The second is to enhance the development ability of domestic and foreign trade integration. Three measures are put forward to support the integrated operation of domestic and foreign trade by market players, guide the digital development of domestic and foreign trade enterprises, and innovate the integrated development model of domestic and foreign trade. The key points include: cultivating a group of high-quality trading enterprises with professional business, excellent service, unique products, new models, integrated development at home and abroad, strong innovation ability and competitive strength; Accelerate the digital transformation of foreign trade enterprises and encourage domestic and foreign trade enterprises to use big data technology to enhance their market analysis and judgment capabilities; Promote the construction of China (Tianjin) cross-border electronic commerce Comprehensive Experimental Zone and support enterprises to actively deploy overseas warehouses.

The third is to build an integrated development platform for domestic and foreign trade. Four measures are put forward, such as building a docking platform for production and marketing, giving full play to the internal and external functions of the exhibition, building a regional business distribution center, and cultivating an integrated service platform for domestic and foreign trade. The key points include: supporting foreign trade enterprises to conduct docking negotiations with large supermarkets, retail wholesalers, core supply chain enterprises, e-commerce platforms and live broadcast platforms to expand domestic sales channels; Support foreign trade enterprises to participate in domestic and foreign exhibitions and expand domestic and foreign markets; Cultivate and build an integrated domestic and foreign trade market; Support third-party platform enterprises to actively carry out integrated domestic and foreign trade services such as brand planning, standard certification, channel development, digital transformation, logistics and distribution, credit insurance financing and legal consultation.

The fourth is to build an integrated ecological environment for domestic and foreign trade. Five measures are put forward, such as building a highland of domestic and foreign trade integration development system, expanding consumption, tapping the potential of domestic demand, optimizing internal and external logistics channels, giving play to the role of financial security, and strengthening the training of professional talents. The key points include: promoting the coordinated development of Tianjin Pilot Free Trade Zone and special customs supervision zone, and expanding the business scale of bonded display transactions and classified supervision of warehousing goods in comprehensive bonded areas; Continue to carry out consumption promotion activities, expand the driving force of Haihe international consumption season, and accelerate the cultivation of new growth points such as night consumption, holiday consumption, customized consumption, green consumption and brand consumption; Improve the domestic and foreign trade service capabilities of Tianjin Port and Tianjin Binhai International Airport, and promote the high-quality normal operation of China-Europe trains; Strengthen the cooperative support of export credit insurance and domestic trade credit insurance for enterprises operating both domestic and international markets; Actively introduce high-level talents such as marketing, business management, e-commerce, digital economy and legal affairs.

Fifth, safeguard measures. Three safeguard measures are put forward: strengthening organizational guarantee, grasping the pilot work and strengthening publicity and promotion.

(four) to ensure the smooth implementation of the "Tianjin measures", what are the main safeguard measures?

First, the "Tianjin Measures" clearly requires all districts and relevant departments to fully understand the importance of promoting the integration of domestic and foreign trade, strengthen organizational promotion, and implement their work responsibilities. As the lead unit, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce should organize the establishment of a coordination mechanism for promoting the integration of domestic and foreign trade in this Municipality, and all relevant departments should be responsible for the division of labor, strengthen horizontal coordination and vertical linkage, form a joint effort, and ensure the effective implementation of all work. Each district should further refine its work measures in light of the actual situation of the district and promote the achievement of practical results.

Second, the "Tianjin Measures" proposes to meet the requirements of the standard country, promote the pilot work of integrated development of domestic and foreign trade, comprehensively sort out the problems and needs of integrated development of domestic and foreign trade, and promote the effective connection of domestic and foreign trade laws and regulations, supervision system, business qualifications, quality standards, inspection and quarantine, certification and accreditation. Study and explore the evaluation system of domestic and foreign trade integration, and feedback the effectiveness and shortcomings from different aspects. Strengthen the phased combing, regularly summarize the progress of key tasks and form an analysis report.

Third, the "Tianjin Measures" emphasizes the use of various media to promote the development of domestic and foreign trade integration, do a good job in interpreting relevant policies and reporting activities, tell the story of "Tianjin enterprises, Tianjin brands and Tianjin manufacturing", and create a good social atmosphere to support Tianjin products to open up domestic and foreign markets.

(2007yearfourmoonfiveDecreeNo. of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China492No. announcement　2019yearfourmoonthreeDecreeNo. of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China711No. revision)

Chapter I General Principles

the first　These Regulations are formulated in order to ensure that citizens, legal persons and other organizations obtain government information according to law, improve the transparency of government work, build a government ruled by law, and give full play to the service role of government information in people’s production, life and economic and social activities.

the second　The term "government information" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the information produced or obtained by administrative organs in the process of performing administrative functions, and recorded and preserved in a certain form.

Article　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership of government information disclosure.

The State Council General Office is the competent department in charge of the national government information disclosure, which is responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising the national government information disclosure.

The general office (office) of the local people’s government at or above the county level is the competent department of government information disclosure in this administrative region, and is responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising the government information disclosure in this administrative region.

The general office (room) of the department that implements vertical leadership is in charge of the government information disclosure of this system.

Article 4　People’s governments at all levels and people’s government departments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the system of government information disclosure of their administrative organs, and designate institutions (hereinafter referred to as government information disclosure institutions) to be responsible for the daily work of government information disclosure of their administrative organs.

The specific functions of government information disclosure institutions are:

(a) to handle the disclosure of government information of the administrative organ;

(two) to maintain and update the government information disclosed by this administrative organ;

(three) to organize the preparation of the administrative organ’s guide to government information disclosure, the catalogue of government information disclosure and the annual report on government information disclosure;

(four) to organize the review of the government information to be disclosed;

(five) other functions related to the disclosure of government information as prescribed by this administrative organ.

Article 5　The administrative organ shall, when disclosing government information, adhere to the principle of fairness, fairness, legality and convenience, with publicity as the norm and non-disclosure as the exception.

Article 6　The administrative organ shall timely and accurately disclose government information.

If an administrative organ finds false or incomplete information that affects or may affect social stability and disrupt social and economic management order, it shall issue accurate government information for clarification.

Article 7　People’s governments at all levels should actively promote the work of government information disclosure and gradually increase the content of government information disclosure.

Article 8　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the standardization, information management of government information resources, strengthen the construction of government information disclosure platform on the Internet, promote the integration of government information disclosure platform and government service platform, and improve the online processing level of government information disclosure.

Article 9　Citizens, legal persons and other organizations have the right to supervise the government information disclosure work of administrative organs and make criticisms and suggestions.

Chapter II Subject and Scope of Publicity

Article 10　Government information produced by an administrative organ shall be made public by the administrative organ that produced the government information. The government information obtained by the administrative organ from citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall be made public by the administrative organ that keeps the government information; The government information of other administrative organs obtained by administrative organs shall be made public by the administrative organ that produced or originally obtained the government information. Where laws and regulations have other provisions on the authority of government information disclosure, such provisions shall prevail.

If an agency or internal organization established by an administrative organ performs administrative functions in its own name in accordance with laws and regulations, the agency or internal organization may be responsible for the disclosure of government information related to the administrative functions performed.

Government information jointly produced by two or more administrative organs shall be made public by the administrative organ taking the lead.

Article 11　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the coordination mechanism of government information disclosure. If the disclosure of government information by an administrative organ involves other organs, it shall consult and confirm with the relevant organs to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the government information disclosed by the administrative organ.

If the disclosure of government information by administrative organs requires approval in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions of the state, it shall be made public after approval.

Article 12　The guide and catalogue of government information disclosure compiled and published by administrative organs shall be updated in a timely manner.

The guide to government information disclosure includes the classification, arrangement system, acquisition method of government information, and the name, office address, office hours, contact telephone number, fax number and internet contact information of the government information disclosure agency.

The catalogue of government information disclosure includes the index, name, content summary, generation date and other contents of government information.

Article 13　In addition to the government information stipulated in Articles 14, 15 and 16 of this Ordinance, the government information shall be made public.

The administrative organ shall disclose the government information voluntarily and according to the application.

Article 14　Government information determined as state secrets according to law, government information prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, and government information that may endanger national security, public security, economic security and social stability after disclosure shall not be disclosed.

Article 15　Government information involving business secrets, personal privacy and so on, the disclosure of which will damage the legitimate rights and interests of third parties, shall not be disclosed by administrative organs. However, if the third party agrees to make it public or the administrative organ thinks that the unfair meeting has a significant impact on the public interest, it shall be made public.

Article 16　The internal affairs information of administrative organs, including personnel management, logistics management, internal workflow and other aspects of information, can not be disclosed.

The process information such as discussion records, process drafts, consultation letters, request reports and administrative law enforcement file information formed by administrative organs in the process of performing administrative functions may not be made public. Where laws, regulations and rules stipulate that the above information shall be made public, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 17　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the government information disclosure review mechanism, and clarify the review procedures and responsibilities.

The administrative organ shall examine the government information to be disclosed in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Guarding State Secrets and other laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

If the administrative organ cannot determine whether the government information can be made public, it shall report it to the relevant competent department or the secrecy administrative department for determination in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

Article 18　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of government information management, regularly evaluate and review the government information that the administrative organ does not disclose, and disclose the government information that can be disclosed due to changes in the situation.

Chapter III Active Publicity

Article 19　The administrative organ shall take the initiative to disclose the government information that involves the adjustment of public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs the public to participate in decision-making.

Article 20　The administrative organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these regulations, voluntarily disclose the following government information of the administrative organ:

(1) Administrative regulations, rules and normative documents;

(two) the functions, organization, office address, office hours, contact information and the name of the person in charge;

(three) national economic and social development planning, special planning, regional planning and related policies;

(4) Statistical information on national economic and social development;

(five) the basis, conditions, procedures and results of handling administrative licensing and other external management services;

(six) the basis, conditions and procedures for the implementation of administrative punishment and administrative coercion, and the administrative punishment decision that this administrative organ considers to have certain social impact;

(seven) financial budget and final accounts information;

(eight) administrative fees and their basis and standards;

(nine) the catalogue, standards and implementation of centralized government procurement projects;

(ten) the approval and implementation of major construction projects;

(eleven) policies, measures and their implementation in poverty alleviation, education, medical care, social security and employment promotion;

(twelve) emergency plan, early warning information and response to public emergencies;

(thirteen) the supervision and inspection of environmental protection, public health, production safety, food and medicine, and product quality;

(fourteen) the positions, places, conditions and employment results of civil servants;

(fifteen) other government information that should be voluntarily disclosed by laws, regulations, rules and relevant provisions of the state.

Article 21　In addition to the government information specified in Article 20 of these regulations, the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels and their departments with districts shall, according to local specific conditions, voluntarily disclose government information related to municipal construction, public services, public welfare undertakings, land expropriation, housing expropriation, public security management, social assistance, etc. The township (town) people’s government should also take the initiative to openly implement government information on agricultural and rural policies, the construction and operation of irrigation and water conservancy projects, the transfer of rural land contractual management rights, the use of homesteads, land expropriation, housing expropriation, fund-raising and labor, social assistance, etc. according to local specific conditions.

Article 22　The administrative organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 and Article 21 of these regulations, determine the specific content of voluntary disclosure of government information, and continuously increase the content of voluntary disclosure according to the deployment of the higher administrative organ.

Article 23　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the government information release mechanism, and publicize the government information voluntarily through government gazette, government website or other Internet government media, press conference, newspapers, radio and television.

Article 24　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the work of publicizing government information by relying on government portals, and use a unified government information disclosure platform to release government information that is voluntarily disclosed. The government information disclosure platform should have the functions of information retrieval, consulting and downloading.

Article 25　People’s governments at all levels shall set up government information consulting places in national archives, public libraries and government service places, and provide corresponding facilities and equipment to facilitate citizens, legal persons and other organizations to obtain government information.

The administrative organ may, according to the needs, set up places and facilities such as public consulting rooms, information access points, information bulletin boards and electronic information screens to disclose government information.

The administrative organ shall provide the government information voluntarily disclosed to the National Archives and public libraries in a timely manner.

Article 26　The government information that belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure shall be from the date when the government information is formed or changed.twentyMake it public in time within working days. Where there are other provisions in laws and regulations on the time limit for the disclosure of government information, such provisions shall prevail.

Chapter IV Disclosure by Application

Article 27　In addition to the government information voluntarily disclosed by administrative organs, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may apply to local people’s governments at all levels and people’s government departments at or above the county level that perform administrative functions in their own names (including the dispatched offices and internal institutions as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 10 of these Regulations) for obtaining relevant government information.

Article 28　The administrative organ prescribed in Article 27 of these Regulations shall establish and improve the application channels for government information disclosure, and provide convenience for applicants to apply for access to government information according to law.

Article 29　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that apply for access to government information shall submit their applications to the government information disclosure agencies of administrative organs in written form including letters and data messages; If it is really difficult to use a written form, the applicant may make an oral proposal, and the government information disclosure agency that accepts the application will fill in the application for government information disclosure.

The application for government information disclosure shall include the following contents:

(1) The name, identity certificate and contact information of the applicant;

(two) the name and document number of the government information applied for disclosure or other characteristic descriptions that are convenient for administrative organs to inquire;

(three) the form requirements of the government information to be disclosed, including the ways and means of obtaining the information.

Article 30　If the content of the application for government information disclosure is not clear, the administrative organ shall give guidance and explanation, and from the date of receiving the application.sevenInform the applicant to make corrections at one time within working days, and explain the matters that need to be corrected and the reasonable time limit for correction. The time limit for reply shall be counted from the date when the administrative organ receives the application for correction. If the applicant fails to make corrections within the time limit without justifiable reasons, it shall be deemed as giving up the application, and the administrative organ will no longer handle the application for government information disclosure.

Article 31　The time when an administrative organ receives an application for government information disclosure shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) If the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure in person, the date of submission shall be the date of receipt of the application;

(two) if the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure by mail, the date of receipt by the administrative organ shall be the date of receipt of the application; Where an application for disclosure of government information is submitted by mail without receipt, such as ordinary letters, the government information disclosure agency shall confirm with the applicant on the day of receiving the application, and the date of confirmation shall be the day of receiving the application;

(3) If the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure through the Internet channel or the fax of the government information disclosure agency, the date of confirmation by both parties shall be the date of receipt of the application.

Article 32　If the disclosure of government information in accordance with the application will harm the legitimate rights and interests of third parties, the administrative organ shall solicit the opinions of the third parties in writing. The third party shall, from the date of receiving the request for comments,15Put forward opinions within working days. If the third party fails to make comments within the time limit, the administrative organ shall decide whether to make it public in accordance with the provisions of these regulations. If the third party does not agree to the disclosure with reasonable reasons, the administrative organ shall not disclose it. If the administrative organ believes that non-disclosure may have a significant impact on public interests, it may decide to make it public, and inform the third party in writing of the contents and reasons of the government information decided to make it public.

Article 33　If an administrative organ receives an application for government information disclosure and can reply on the spot, it shall reply on the spot.

If the administrative organ cannot reply on the spot, it shall, from the date of receiving the application.twentyGive a reply within working days; If it is necessary to extend the reply period, it shall be agreed by the person in charge of the government information disclosure work institution and inform the applicant, and the longest extension period shall not exceed.twentyWorking days.

The time required for an administrative organ to solicit opinions from third parties and other organs shall not be counted within the time limit specified in the preceding paragraph.

Article 34　Where the government information applied for disclosure is jointly produced by two or more administrative organs, the administrative organ leading the production may solicit the opinions of the relevant administrative organs after receiving the application for government information disclosure, and the organ consulted shall, from the date of receiving the solicitation opinions.15Put forward opinions within working days, and those who fail to put forward opinions within the time limit shall be deemed to agree to the disclosure.

Article 35　The number and frequency of the applicant’s application for disclosure of government information obviously exceed the reasonable range, and the administrative organ may require the applicant to explain the reasons. If the administrative organ considers that the application reason is unreasonable, it shall inform the applicant not to handle it; If the administrative organ considers that the application reason is reasonable, but it is unable to reply to the applicant within the time limit stipulated in Article 33 of these regulations, it may determine a reasonable time limit for delaying the reply and inform the applicant.

Article 36　The administrative organ shall make a reply to the application for government information disclosure according to the following circumstances:

(1) If the information applied for has been voluntarily disclosed, inform the applicant of the ways and means to obtain the government information;

(2) If the information applied for is open, provide the applicant with the government information, or inform the applicant of the way, way and time to obtain the government information;

(three) if the administrative organ decides not to make it public according to the provisions of these regulations, it shall inform the applicant that it will not make it public and explain the reasons;

(4) If there is no public information applied for after retrieval, inform the applicant that the government information does not exist;

(5) Inform the applicant and explain the reasons if the information applied for is not disclosed by the administrative organ; If the administrative organ responsible for disclosing the government information can be determined, inform the applicant of the name and contact information of the administrative organ;

(six) the administrative organ has made a reply to the applicant’s application for the disclosure of government information, and the applicant has repeatedly applied for the disclosure of the same government information, and informed the applicant not to repeat the treatment;

(seven) the information applied for public information belongs to industrial and commercial, real estate registration information and other information, and the relevant laws and administrative regulations have special provisions on the acquisition of information, and inform the applicant to handle it in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 37　If the information applied for disclosure contains contents that should not be disclosed or do not belong to government information, but can be treated differently, the administrative organ shall provide the applicant with the contents of government information that can be disclosed, and explain the reasons for the contents that should not be disclosed.

Article 38　The information provided by the administrative organ to the applicant shall be the government information that has been produced or obtained. Except in accordance with the provisions of article 37 of these regulations, if it is necessary for the administrative organ to process and analyze the existing government information, the administrative organ may not provide it.

Article 39　Where the applicant conducts letters, visits, complaints, reports and other activities in the form of an application for government information disclosure, the administrative organ shall inform the applicant that it will not be treated as an application for government information disclosure and may inform it to be submitted through corresponding channels.

If the contents of the application put forward by the applicant are to require the administrative organ to provide government bulletins, newspapers, books and other public publications, the administrative organ may inform the way to obtain them.

Article 40　When an administrative organ discloses government information according to the application, it shall determine the specific form of providing government information according to the requirements of the applicant and the actual situation of the administrative organ’s preservation of government information; If providing government information in the form required by the applicant may endanger the safety of government information carriers or the cost of publicity is too high, it can be provided through electronic data and other appropriate forms, or the applicant can be arranged to consult and copy relevant government information.

Article 41　If citizens, legal persons or other organizations have evidence to prove that the records of government information related to themselves provided by administrative organs are inaccurate, they may request administrative organs to correct them. If the administrative organ that has the right to correct the audit is true, it shall correct it and inform the applicant; If it does not fall within the scope of the functions of the administrative organ, the administrative organ may transfer it to the administrative organ with the right to correct it and inform the applicant, or inform the applicant to submit it to the administrative organ with the right to correct it.

Article 42　The administrative organ shall provide government information according to the application, and shall not charge fees. However, if the number and frequency of the applicant’s application for disclosure of government information obviously exceed a reasonable range, the administrative organ may charge an information processing fee.

The specific measures for administrative organs to collect information processing fees shall be formulated by the competent price department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council and the competent information disclosure department of the national government.

Article 43　Citizens who apply for the disclosure of government information have reading difficulties or audio-visual difficulties, and the administrative organ shall provide them with necessary help.

Article 44　Multiple applicants apply to the same administrative organ for disclosure of the same government information, and the government information can be disclosed, and the administrative organ can be included in the scope of voluntary disclosure.

For the government information disclosed by the administrative organ according to the application, if the applicant thinks that it involves the adjustment of public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs the public to participate in decision-making, he may suggest that the administrative organ bring the information into the scope of voluntary disclosure. If the administrative organ considers that it belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure after examination, it shall make it public in a timely manner.

Article 45　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the working system of registration, examination, handling, reply and filing of government information disclosure applications, and strengthen the work norms.

Chapter V Supervision and Guarantee

Article 46　People’s governments at all levels shall establish and improve the assessment system, social appraisal system and accountability system for government information disclosure, and regularly assess and appraise the government information disclosure.

Article 47　The competent department of government information disclosure shall strengthen the daily guidance, supervision and inspection of government information disclosure, and urge the administrative organ to make rectification or informed criticism if it fails to carry out government information disclosure as required; If it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of the responsible leaders and the directly responsible personnel, it shall put forward suggestions to the competent authorities according to law.

Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that the administrative organ fails to voluntarily disclose government information as required or fails to respond to the application for government information disclosure according to law may submit it to the competent department of government information disclosure. If the competent department of government information disclosure verifies that it is true, it shall urge rectification or informed criticism.

Article 48　The competent department of government information disclosure shall regularly train the government information disclosure staff of administrative organs.

Article 49　The people’s government departments at or above the county level shall, every yearonemoon31A few days ago, the annual report on the government information disclosure work of the administrative organ in the previous year was submitted to the competent department of government information disclosure work at the same level and announced to the public.

The competent department of government information disclosure of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, every yearthreemoon31A few days ago, the annual report of the government information disclosure work of the government at the same level in the previous year was announced to the public.

Article 50　The annual report on government information disclosure shall include the following contents:

(a) the situation of the administrative organ’s voluntary disclosure of government information;

(two) the administrative organ receives and processes the application for government information disclosure;

(three) the situation of being applied for administrative reconsideration and bringing an administrative lawsuit because of the government information disclosure work;

(four) the main problems existing in the government information disclosure work and the improvement, and the annual report of the government information disclosure work of the people’s governments at all levels shall also include the results of work assessment, social appraisal and accountability;

(5) Other matters that need to be reported.

The national competent department of government information disclosure shall publish the unified format of the annual report on government information disclosure and update it in a timely manner.

Article 51　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that administrative organs infringe upon their legitimate rights and interests in the work of government information disclosure may complain and report to the administrative organ at the next higher level or the competent department of government information disclosure, or apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

Article 52　In violation of the provisions of these regulations, the administrative organ fails to establish and improve the relevant systems and mechanisms for government information disclosure, and the administrative organ at the next higher level shall order it to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the responsible leaders and persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law.

Article 53　Administrative organs in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, one of the following circumstances, the administrative organ at the next higher level shall be ordered to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the responsible leaders and persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(a) do not perform the functions of government information disclosure according to law;

(two) do not update the open government information content, government information disclosure guide and government information disclosure catalogue in a timely manner;

(three) other circumstances in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 54　These Regulations shall apply to the activities of organizations authorized by laws and regulations with the function of managing public affairs to disclose government information.

Article 55　Education, health, water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating, environmental protection, public transportation and other public enterprises and institutions closely related to the interests of the people, make public the information produced and obtained in the process of providing social public services, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of the relevant competent departments or institutions in the State Council. The competent department of information disclosure of the national government may formulate special provisions according to actual needs.

If the public enterprises and institutions specified in the preceding paragraph fail to disclose the information produced and obtained in the process of providing social public services in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and the provisions of the relevant competent departments or institutions in the State Council, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may appeal to the relevant competent departments or institutions, and the departments or institutions that accept the appeal shall promptly investigate and handle it and inform the complainant of the handling results.

Article 56　This Ordinance since2019yearfivemoon15It will be implemented on the day.

CCTV News:Dongfeng Village is located in the east of Changming Township, daxin county, Chongzuo City, Guangxi Province. The geographical location here is remote and the traffic is inconvenient; The per capita arable land is less than one mu, and the industrial structure is single. In 2015, Dongfeng Village was listed as a poverty-stricken village in Guangxi during the 13th Five-Year Plan, and then Zhu Xinhua accepted the appointment and came here as the "first secretary".

Poverty alleviation focuses on precision. After Zhu Xinhua took office, he first conducted in-depth research in the local area. In just one week, he traveled to 10 natural villages and 15 villagers’ groups, and made a file, set up a card and accurately identified them. Through the research and analysis of problems and dilemmas, the working idea of "changing ideas, strengthening foundation and promoting industry" is put forward, and the road of breaking the ice to help the poor is embarked.

Improve the facilities, lay the foundation, transform the old look and give it a new look

There is a saying that "if you want to be rich, build roads first". The infrastructure construction in Dongfeng Village has been seriously lagging behind for many years. When Zhu Xinhua first came here in 2015, only one of the ten villages in Dongfeng Village, where the village committee was located, had a cement road to the outside world, and the rest were mud roads. Due to the backward transportation and high transportation cost, the agricultural and forestry products in the village could not be shipped, and no one came to buy them.

In order to change this backward appearance, Zhu Xinhua wrote the Implementation Plan of Poverty Alleviation Project in Dongfeng Village through in-depth investigation, and detailed planned the key construction projects in Dongfeng Village in recent three years. At present, the hardening of the 40-kilometer Tongtun road with an investment of 18 million yuan has started construction; Organize the "one thing, one discussion" financial reward and compensation method, and implement road hardening in five villages in Dongfeng Village; The cultural square and stage of the village Committee with an investment of 400,000 yuan have been completed; The safe drinking water project for people and livestock was implemented, ending the history of three villages without safe drinking water; At the same time, 35 solar street lamps were installed in Tun. Speaking of this, a local village chief was very excited: "Dongfeng Village is undergoing earth-shaking changes, and the villagers are very confident in their future development. Some villagers who work outside the home are planning to come back and develop."

Seek development according to local conditions, explore industries and promote poverty alleviation

Strengthening infrastructure is only the first step in poverty alleviation. The key to effectively increase villagers’ income lies in industrial support. Local farmers have long relied on scattered cultivation of sugarcane, corn, kudingcha, star anise and other cash crops as their income sources. Small industrial scale, low added value of products and asymmetric market information limit the development of village collective economy and the growth of farmers’ income. The choice of industrial projects has become the key to "breaking the ice" in industrial development.

After in-depth investigation, Zhu Xinhua combined short, flat and fast projects with medium and long-term projects, and chose to implement three major projects in Dongfeng Village according to local conditions. The first project is the improvement of Kuding tea and the construction of processing plant. The processing and sales of Kuding tea are still one of the main economic sources in the village, but because of the lack of industrialization, most of the products are hand-processed at home, and the quality is low and difficult to guarantee, and farmers benefit little. In order to change this situation, Zhu Xinhua actively communicated with the county poverty alleviation office, invited superior experts to the village to hold a training course on Kuding tea improvement technology to teach the majority of tea farmers, and applied for Kuding tea improvement funds at the same time, which further improved the quality and output of local tea through technical improvement. In addition, he also won the project fund of 1.5 million yuan to build a Kuding tea processing factory in Dongfeng Village, to build its own brand of Kuding tea products, to increase the added value of products and increase the income of tea farmers.

In addition to traditional planting projects, Zhu Xinhua also draws lessons from the successful experience of neighboring poor counties, and guides local villagers to vigorously promote the planting of macadamia nuts by means of "farmers+bases+companies". At present, villagers have been organized to plant 600 mu of nut saplings, effectively realizing the "combination of long and short" of planting industry and ensuring farmers’ income increase.

With good products, it is more necessary to use new technologies to transform the supply and marketing model. With the efforts of Zhu Xinhua, the "E-commerce Rural" project has established a rural e-commerce service network in Dongfeng Village. Taking the "Internet+Agriculture" express train, the circulation of agricultural products is faster, and the effect is more obvious, which promotes the opening of the market for special agricultural and sideline products such as kudingcha and star anise in Dongfeng Village and even the whole Changming Township. Farmers’ income-increasing channels are wider. On the way to becoming rich, Dongfeng Village has become faster and faster, and more confident. (Source: study times. com, please indicate the source. )

　　International Online Reporter (He Yuyang): The Spring Festival of China Lunar Year of the Dog is approaching, and the atmosphere of welcoming the Spring Festival is not only permeated in China, but also all over the world. Dance with dragons and lions, paste Spring Festival couplets, hang lanterns and eat dumplings … … These traditional customs of celebrating the Spring Festival in China have been gradually integrated into the local culture of foreign countries, and more and more foreigners are familiar with them. The foreign mainstream society is paying more and more attention to and participating in the Spring Festival activities. The overseas influence of China Spring Festival culture is increasing, which is inseparable from the promotion of overseas Chinese. While they are spending the festive season with their family and friends, they are also spreading and promoting the "flavor of the year" in China.

　　Portuguese Chinese: Invite foreigners to write "Chinese Dream" with a brush.

　　"This year to participate in Portugal ‘ Happy Spring Festival ’ There should be tens of thousands of people in the activity, and the locals account for the majority. Our Portuguese new media mainly invites foreigners to write with a brush this year ‘ Chinese dream ’ Three words, and then these brush characters are made into a wall, and everyone is very enthusiastic. " Ma Limei, president of Portuguese New Newspaper, said in an interview that the celebration of "Happy Spring Festival" in Portugal lasted for two days, just like the flower market and temple fair in Guangdong, it was crowded and very lively.

　　Since the Spring Festival in 2010, the Ministry of Culture of China, together with relevant state ministries and commissions, local cultural organizations and overseas institutions, has jointly launched a large-scale cultural exchange activity of "Happy Spring Festival", with the aim of spending the Lunar New Year with people from all countries, sharing Chinese culture and building a harmonious world. At present, the "Happy Spring Festival" in 2018 has been held in many cities around the world. The activities include street marching performances, Spring Festival cultural exhibitions, square performances and theater performances.

　　"The Spring Festival is highly recognized in Lisbon, and all municipal governments attach great importance to and participate in it. This year, the Portuguese Prime Minister also sent representatives to participate in ‘ Happy Spring Festival ’ Catarina Vaz Pinto, deputy mayor of Lisbon, also attended the event. The scale of our celebration is getting bigger and bigger every year, and local mainstream media and TV stations have reported it, making the Spring Festival a household name in the local area. Many locals are proud to speak a few words of Mandarin. " Ma Limei told reporters that in addition to watching the parade, you can also buy China ceramic dolls and small pendants with China characteristics at the exhibition, which attracted a large number of people to attend.

　　Ma Limei said that "Happy China" entered Portugal in 2014. Before that, local overseas Chinese delegations would organize various forms of Spring Festival Gala, inviting relatives and friends to enjoy the Spring Festival dinner and share the joy of the Spring Festival. "When red lanterns are hung on the streets, local people will know that Chinese is going to celebrate the Spring Festival."

　　When talking about why the activity of writing "Chinese Dream" was held this year, Ma Limei said that every overseas traveler has his own "Chinese Dream", which is a dream of hoping for a strong motherland. "We overseas Chinese sincerely hope that our ancestral home country will be prosperous and healthy, because our local social status is closely related to the strength of our ancestral home country. In addition, Chinese has an innate patriotic feeling of loving his hometown. Even if it has not affected his life, he still pays attention to it at all times. "

　　Chinese Americans: Children introduce Spring Festival culture at school.

　　The American Qiao Bao reported that today’s New Year and Spring Festival activities are no longer the concept of one or two, two or three, three or four ten years ago. Counting by fingers, I am afraid that ten fingers are not enough. Although the Spring Festival has not yet arrived, California alone has held many prestigious events such as "Southern Canadian Chinese Spring Festival Gala", "American Chinese Spring Festival Gala", "World Chinese Spring Festival Gala" and "Global Chinese Spring Festival Gala".

　　"Our community also held a Spring Festival Gala. I will go back to the United States for the Spring Festival on the 14th, and I will go back to the United States to spend the Spring Festival with my family every year. " Wang Li ‘ang, the executive vice president of Wan Xuan Tong, a domestic platform for quick selection of industrial products, is a Chinese-American. In recent years, he chose to return to China for development, but he told reporters that the Spring Festival must be a family reunion.

　　"Many celebrations will be held in Chinese communities such as Flushing, such as lion dance and kung fu show, and foreigners will wear cheongsam. Many people are lively and adults and children love to watch it." Wang Li ‘ang said that the influence of the Spring Festival in China is growing overseas, and many foreigners also participate in celebrations such as the Spring Festival parade.

　　"My child is in primary school. As soon as the Spring Festival arrives, the school teacher will organize the children to introduce the Spring Festival and the Spring Festival customs. I introduced it at school before. " Wang Li ‘ang said that the customs of overseas Chinese celebrating the Spring Festival, such as having dinner, posting Spring Festival couplets and watching the Spring Festival Gala broadcast on TV, are well known to the local people.

　　It is worth mentioning that, after years of campaigning by elected officials in Asian communities, in June 2015, the Spring Festival became a public holiday for public schools in new york City, USA, with one day off. In addition, in September 2016, the California Department of Education also approved the revision of primary school history textbooks in public schools. The new textbooks will include an introduction to the Asian Lunar New Year and the significance of the Lunar New Year to Asian communities in California.

　　Korean Chinese: Organizing the Spring Festival Gala in conjunction with local organizations.

　　As Koreans also celebrate the Spring Festival, Spring Festival activities have become a great event jointly organized and participated by overseas Chinese and local people. On February 11th, the All-China Federation of Korean Chinese, South Korea’s Xinhua News Agency and South Korea’s local community "Love and Sharing Movement" jointly hosted a Spring Festival Gala, which was held grandly in the auditorium of the government building in Seoul’s Kowloon Old District.

　　"Since 2005, we have consciously spread the traditional culture of China through the Spring Festival. This time, the local Korean community invited us to jointly hold the Spring Festival Evening, because the Spring Festival Evening we held has accumulated a good reputation in the local area. " Cao Mingquan, president of South Korea’s Xinhua News Agency, said in an interview that their Spring Festival Evening was rich and varied, with Korean songs and China songs, and the host was bilingual in China and South Korea.

　　According to Cao Mingquan, nearly 800 people attended the celebration that day, including more than 300 Koreans. "Koreans also celebrate the Spring Festival, but the way they celebrate the Spring Festival is still different from that of China. We will take the opportunity to promote the Spring Festival culture in China." Cao Mingquan said that in order to promote China’s traditional culture, they usually hold seminars on Mencius thoughts and other activities.

　　Cao Mingquan told reporters that the Spring Festival Gala was held not only to celebrate the traditional festivals in China, but also to express the thoughts of overseas Chinese on their homeland. "The Chinese New Year complex of overseas Chinese in South Korea is getting stronger and stronger. Both Han compatriots and Korean compatriots have started to hold traditional China Spring Festival parties."

　　It is reported that the Spring Festival is also a legal holiday in Korea, and the government stipulates that the Spring Festival has a three-day holiday. During the Spring Festival, overseas Chinese and local people will hold ancestor worship activities. Relatives, neighbors and friends will visit each other and pay New Year greetings. The elders will give lucky money to the younger generation and express their wishes to each other.

　　French Chinese: Organizing the Spring Festival Gala in conjunction with the local municipal government.

　　Since the 1980s, the 13th arrondissement of Paris, where overseas Chinese live together, has continued the tradition of the annual Spring Festival makeup parade, and has become a common festival for the French people and overseas Chinese living in France, attracting nearly 200,000 Chinese and foreign audiences every year.

　　In Nice, a holiday resort in southeastern France, the atmosphere of the Spring Festival is rare. This year, local overseas Chinese and overseas Chinese delegations decided to join hands with the Nice municipal government to jointly hold a "large-scale, high-style" Spring Festival Gala to expand the popularity of the Spring Festival in the local area.　

　　"We want to celebrate the Spring Festival, but also to enhance the influence of local Chinese. The city government of Nice also hopes that more Chinese can understand the city. " Yu Manqi, president of the Chinese Association of C? te d ‘Azur, told the reporter that the two sides hit it off and decided to hold a special Spring Festival Gala jointly by the Nice Municipal Government, the Confucius Institute in C? te d ‘Azur, the Nice Scholars and Students Association and the Chinese Association of C? te d ‘Azur, which will be held on the evening of February 13th local time. At that time, the mayor of Nice and other local politicians will also attend.

　　"It is estimated that 800 people will attend, which is the largest event ever held by Chinese in Nice. In the future, not only the Spring Festival, but also every important traditional festival in China, we are ready to organize corresponding activities. " Yu Manqi said.

　　It is reported that since 2009, the Overseas Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council has created a series of cultural activities of "Cultural China, Four Seas in the Same Spring" to celebrate the Spring Festival with overseas Chinese.

　　Yang Hongji, a 77-year-old baritone singer in China, has performed overseas with the group for many times. In an interview, he once said, "Compared with performing in China, the feelings for the motherland and hometown are stronger. Both overseas Chinese and our actors are deeply infected. "

[Editor’s note] In recent years, characteristic towns have sprung up everywhere, which is an important starting point to help supply-side reform and rural revitalization. Regrettably, many characteristic towns have become "performance towns", and it is common to emphasize real estate over industry, development over management, and commerce over culture. How to correct the wrong direction and jump out of the development trap?
　
Today, CCTV Online Review published the second article in a series of comments on "There are many strange images in characteristic towns".

Characteristic towns have become an important "key" for the country to crack the urban-rural duality, industrial agglomeration and cultural inheritance. After the flowers bloom everywhere, problems also follow.In some places, under the banner of "small towns", the practice of "enclosure" has become a replica of real estate development.

　Turning to the list of the top 100 real estate enterprises in China, most real estate enterprises are involved in the development and construction of characteristic towns to varying degrees. Under the general environment of stricter regulation and control of real estate, limited financing and tight finance, housing enterprises "spend the winter" and local governments "tighten their belts" are all facing growth pressure. The characteristic towns seem to be "rain from heaven", and some places and housing enterprises are habitually "agitated".
　
Taking the old road of land finance and real estate development and engaging in "fake towns and real estate" is a "good idea". Some places plan characteristic towns with the idea of building industrial parks under the policy dividend of characteristic towns. Developers use the "hat" of characteristic towns to obtain cheap industrial and commercial land and carry out real estate development; In order to make up for the previous investment, we got a lot of high-quality and cheap secondary land from the local government through the first-level land consolidation for development, and made huge profits through the price difference, which pushed up the local housing prices.
　
We should guard against another bubble bursting. Although the early investment and construction of some characteristic towns are inseparable from real estate development, they even need real estate sales and rental. The terrible thing is that the concept of housing enterprises has not changed, and towns have been developed by the way of making money in the past, with emphasis on marketing and light operation, and with stories and concepts, local housing prices have been inflated, which has discouraged enterprises and talents from making money and leaving them, leaving "empty towns" and "ghost towns".
　
The development and management of characteristic towns is a delicate work, but also a slow work, which should be treated with the spirit of "embroidery needle"If you can’t make it, it’s a political achievement. If you screw it up, it’s an experiment. We should scientifically certify and strictly examine and approve characteristic town projects, especially those involving the linkage of primary and secondary land markets and a large number of one-off land purchases, so as to prevent some bad real estate developers from deviating from the original intention of the country to build characteristic towns, exploiting policy loopholes and engaging in real estate in disguise.
　
The development level of characteristic towns in China is still small and new, so it is inevitable to go through the process from "chaos" to "governance" and be prepared for "long-term success".Previously, the regulatory authorities delineated four red lines in the construction of small towns: "strictly guard against government debt risks, strictly control the tendency of real estate, strictly save intensive land, and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection", and also delisted a number of unqualified towns. A town with real vitality is an endogenous cycle of industry, with a unique culture, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. It is by no means a high-rise building or an image project. The process of cultivating characteristic towns must be long-term, which is the result of market choice. If administrative means are not ordered, money cannot be spent.
　
The development of characteristic towns should be guided by the trend, adapted to local conditions, suitable for local customs and humanities, and stand the test of history. In practice, we need to be targeted, focus on the existing industrial base and regional future planning according to the economic characteristics of various places, and selectively carry out pilot projects for the construction of characteristic towns. We should not rush into the horse and start work quickly. We need to make a decision before making a decision, tailor our measures, explore successful experiences through meticulous cultivation, and then gradually spread them out, so that the construction of characteristic towns can truly become an important carrier for high-quality economic development and cultural inheritance.

　　　　Carry out clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment in an all-round way, promote the transformation from "nutritional diet support" to "clinical nutrition treatment", and provide strong support for patients to speed up rehabilitation, shorten hospitalization time and save medical expenses.

　　　　With the increasing demand for nutritional treatment in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to better meet the diversified and personalized medical and health needs of the masses, in 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030), requiring medical institutions to establish a sound clinical nutrition work system, carry out nutrition screening, nutrition evaluation, nutrition diagnosis and nutrition treatment for inpatients, promote the prevention and treatment of nutrition-related chronic diseases, and promote formula food for special medical purposes (FSMP).

　　　　Over the years, based on professional development and discipline construction, the Clinical Nutrition Department of Mianyang Central Hospital in Sichuan Province has carried out clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment in an all-round way, promoting the transformation from "nutritional diet support" to "clinical nutrition treatment", which has provided strong support for patients to speed up rehabilitation, shorten hospitalization time and save medical expenses.

　　　　From nutritional support to nutritional therapy

　　　　Chen Lan (pseudonym), 77 years old, suffered from repeated nausea and vomiting due to acute severe pancreatitis. When he went to the hepatobiliary surgery department of Mianyang Central Hospital, he had been fasting for more than 20 days. His body nutrition was maintained by parenteral nutrient solution infusion, and his weight dropped to 36 kg.

　　　　"Intestinal function has been damaged, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease." Dong Yang, the nutritionist in charge of the clinical nutrition department of the hospital, after consultation, placed a nasointestinal tube according to his illness and nutritional status, and infused pre-digested enteral nutrition preparation for enteral nutrition treatment. At the same time, daily nutritional rounds, monitoring nutritional status, timely adjust the dose.

　　　　After more than 20 days, Chen Lan’s physical condition gradually improved, from nasointestinal tube intake to oral intake, and her daily food intake also increased, and her weight increased by 6 kg.

　　　　In recent years, in the process of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, the role of nutritional therapy has become increasingly prominent, and the development of clinical nutrition has also entered the fast lane.

　　　　However, as a new discipline formed by the cross-integration of clinical medicine and nutrition, many people don’t know much about clinical nutrition therapy, and their cognition and orientation also stay in patient meal service.

　　　　In this regard, the clinical nutrition department of Mianyang Central Hospital pays attention to the combination of propaganda and practice, and takes many measures to improve the nutritional status of patients, improve the immunity of the body and promote the healing and rehabilitation of injuries.

　　　　On the basis of providing nutritional dietary services, the clinical nutrition department carries out nutritional risk screening, nutritional status evaluation, nutritional consultation, nutritional rounds, nutritional consultation, enteral and parenteral nutrition treatment, etc., not only to do a good job in dietary support, but also to participate in clinical nutritional treatment.

　　　　Through the establishment of cooperation mechanism with clinical departments, department nutritionists go deep into clinical departments and wards in different regions, consult with doctors, dynamically evaluate patients’ nutritional status, conduct precise intervention and individual guidance, and do a good job of patient nutrition "mentor" and individualized nutritional preparation "preparer" with heart.

　　　　At the same time, we actively participated in a number of Multidisciplinary Collaboration Groups (MDT) in the hospital and set up a nutrition support group, which truly realized the clinical diagnosis and treatment with nutrition and effectively promoted the rapid recovery of patients.

　　　　Informatization empowerment extension service

　　　　In order to comprehensively improve the coverage of clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment for inpatients, in recent years, medical institutions at all levels have begun to extend the clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment model to informationization.

　　　　How to support the efficient operation of clinical work with informatization? In 2022, Mianyang Central Hospital organized consultation among medical department, nursing department, information department, charging department and medical insurance department, and established an information process of "nutrition screening-nutrition assessment-nutrition diagnosis-nutrition treatment" in the hospital.

　　　　Specifically, nurses screen the newly hospitalized patients through the patient nutrition risk screening form and enter it into the system. Clinicians will immediately initiate consultation with nutritionists for patients with a total score of ≥3 according to the scores of various indicators in the form, and nutritionists will evaluate the nutritional status of patients and carry out nutritional diagnosis.

　　　　It can be said that the combing and establishment of the information-based diagnosis and treatment process has achieved full coverage of nutrition screening and evaluation for newly admitted patients.

　　　　In addition, in the face of complex and diverse diseases, clinical nutritional intervention should be effective, and normalized individualized nutritional therapy is essential. According to Kuang Ming, director of the Clinical Nutrition Department, in order to fully meet patients’ individualized nutritional treatment needs, last year, after the information construction of clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment was mature and applied, his department officially opened the 100,000-class air purification enteral nutrition preparation room.

　　　　According to the metabolic characteristics of patients’ diseases, nutritionists can adjust the proportion of preparation formulas every day in the stage of "nutrition intervention" to prepare exclusive individualized enteral nutrition preparations for patients, so as to help patients recover quickly.

　　　　It is worth mentioning that in February last year, Mianyang Central Hospital was successfully selected as the national pilot unit of "Hospital Nutrition Screening, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Treatment Integrated Process Construction" by virtue of its system, function, perfect clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment standardization and information process.

　　　　Expand the team of clinical nutritionists

　　　　Talent is the first driving force of development. In order to strengthen clinical nutrition support and ensure the quality of medical service, Mianyang Central Hospital introduced high-quality professionals, expanded the team of clinical nutritionists in the hospital, and sent nutrition professionals to study abroad to comprehensively improve the team’s ability.

　　　　The clinical nutrition department of our hospital has 7 professional technicians, presided over a provincial scientific research project, undertook a national scientific research sub-project and published more than 20 academic papers.

　　　　As a supporting department of clinical treatment, clinical nutrition department conforms to the new trend of the times and actively seeks new ways of development. In the vertical development, it aims at the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment service ability, revitalizes the construction of talent echelon, and at the same time, it insists on paying equal attention to "medical teaching and research management", promotes technology and service innovation, and leads the integrated development of departments; In the horizontal development, we actively went deep into the clinic, found and solved problems, and successively established several professional development directions, such as surgical nutrition, severe nutrition and tumor nutrition, to comprehensively promote the development of departments.

　　　　In addition to participating in clinical diagnosis and treatment, the clinical nutrition department also offers nutrition consultation clinics to provide nutrition consultation and guidance for non-hospitalized patients; Carry out family nutrition follow-up guidance for discharged patients and provide patients with life-cycle nutrition treatment services; Go into schools and communities, carry out large-scale free nutrition consultation and popular science education, and provide professional nutrition guidance for the public …

　　　　Over the years, the high-quality development of clinical nutrition department has taken solid steps, and the patient’s medical experience has been continuously improved. The hospital has been successively rated as the first sentinel hospital of the National Clinical Nutrition Professional Quality Control Center, the clinical nutrition specialty alliance unit of Huaxi Hospital, the affiliated unit of Mianyang Clinical Nutrition Quality Control Center, and the national clinical nutrition department construction pilot unit.

　　　　Kuang Ming said that the research, teaching and clinical work of clinical nutrition will be carried out in depth, the "Clinical Nutrition Action" will continue to be promoted, the workflow of nutrition diagnosis and treatment will be further improved, the talent echelon and discipline construction will be strengthened, and the service level of clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment will be continuously improved.

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