Cctv news: The website of the General Administration of Market Supervision reported on March 17 that the General Administration of Market Supervision issued a notice on printing and distributing the Administrative Provisions on Supplementary Inspection Methods of Food. It is clearly stipulated that for foods that may be adulterated, supplementary food inspection methods can be formulated, and the scope of formulation should meet the following conditions at the same time: the inspection items and inspection methods specified in the existing food safety standards cannot be inspected; Failing to formulate a temporary inspection method for harmful substances in food; Failing to provide inspection methods for non-food chemicals and other substances that may endanger human health that have been found to be added or may be added to food.

Provisions on the administration of supplementary food inspection methods

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 In order to standardize the formulation of supplementary food inspection methods, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Article 2 The formulation of supplementary food inspection methods shall be scientific, reliable, practical, operable and extendable.

Article 3 For foods that may be adulterated, supplementary food inspection methods may be formulated, and the scope of formulation shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The inspection items and methods specified in the existing food safety standards cannot be inspected;

(two) the temporary inspection method of harmful substances in food is not specified;

(3) Failing to specify the detection methods for non-food chemicals and other substances that may endanger human health that have been found to be added or may be added to food.

Article 4 Supplementary food inspection methods can be used for sampling inspection of food, investigation and handling of food safety cases and handling of food safety accidents.

Article 5 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall be responsible for the formulation of supplementary food inspection methods. The formulation of food supplementary inspection methods includes project establishment, drafting, submission and review, approval and release, follow-up evaluation and revision.

Article 6 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall organize the establishment of a food supplementary inspection method review committee (hereinafter referred to as the review committee), which shall have an expert group and an office. The expert group shall be composed of experts in food inspection-related fields, and shall be responsible for reviewing food supplementary inspection methods.

Chapter II Legislation

Article 7 The General Administration of Market Supervision may, by means of solicitation and entrustment, determine the project and drafting unit of supplementary food inspection methods in accordance with the principles of prioritizing and being scientific and feasible. When major problems are found in food safety supervision or in response to emergencies, supplementary food inspection methods can be urgently added.

Article 8 An applicant shall meet the following conditions:

(a) the technical level and organizational ability required for drafting supplementary food inspection methods;

(2) There is no conflict of interest in the field involved in the declared project;

(3) Being able to provide resources and guarantee conditions in terms of personnel, funds, scientific research, etc. required for the drafting of supplementary food inspection methods, and being able to complete relevant drafting tasks as required.

Article 9 The person in charge of a project shall meet the following conditions:

(1) Having high attainments and professional level in food safety and related fields, and being familiar with domestic and foreign food safety-related laws and regulations, food safety standards and supplementary food inspection methods;

(2) Working experience in drafting national food safety standards and supplementary food inspection methods is preferred.

Article 10 During the extension of the food supplementary inspection method project undertaken by the project leader, in principle, no new method project may be declared; In principle, the same drafting unit shall not declare more than three items in the same batch.

Eleventh in accordance with the requirements of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the applicant shall fill in the application for the establishment of food supplementary inspection methods and submit the relevant materials to the office of the review committee.

Article 12 The application materials for project approval shall include the food safety problems to be solved, the background and reasons for project approval, the applicable conditions, scope and main technical contents of the methods, the existing food safety risk monitoring data, the international similar methods and relevant domestic laws and regulations, the possible economic and social impacts and the preliminary work basis of the applicant.

Article 13 The review committee office collects the application materials for project initiation, organizes experts to conduct project initiation review, and recommends the project initiation and drafting unit according to the requirements of food safety supervision. When multiple units need to jointly undertake the project, the expert group shall recommend the lead unit and participating unit according to the application materials.

Article 14 The General Administration of Market Supervision may, according to the needs of work, solicit opinions from provincial market supervision departments and other relevant units on project establishment.

Chapter III Weeding

Article 15 The drafting unit shall be responsible for the formulation of supplementary food inspection methods, and the drafting unit shall be responsible for the scientificity, advancement, practicability and standardization of the methods. Encourage food inspection agencies, scientific research institutes, universities, social organizations and other units to jointly draft.

Article 16 When drafting the text of supplementary food inspection methods, the rules should be compiled with reference to the national food safety standards, including the scope of application, method principle, reagent instruments, analysis steps, calculation results, etc. The compilation instructions include relevant background, development process, basis of various technical parameters, verification in and between laboratories, etc.

If there is any content in the method text that needs to be coordinated with the national food safety standards and other supplementary food inspection methods, it should be clearly stated in the preparation instructions, and relevant materials should be provided, and technical opinions that need to be coordinated should be put forward.

Seventeenth drafting units should be based on the technical characteristics of the drafting method, in principle, select not less than five food inspection agencies, commissioned to carry out inter-laboratory verification. The selection of verification units should be representative and credible, including at least one food re-inspection institution.

The verification unit shall provide the verification report stamped with the official seal to the drafting unit. The verification unit shall be responsible for the authenticity and legality of the verification report issued by it.

Article 18 The verification report shall at least include the food matrix, detection limit, quantitative limit, linear range, accuracy and precision of the method. Other verification contents and indicators refer to the relevant requirements of national food safety standard method verification. When necessary, take real positive samples, simulated spiked samples or quality control samples to ensure certain uniformity and stability for inter-laboratory verification.

Nineteenth drafting units and project leaders shall, on the basis of in-depth investigation and study and full demonstration of technical indicators, develop supplementary food inspection methods as required. The drafting unit shall solicit opinions extensively. When soliciting opinions, methods, drafts for soliciting opinions and preparation instructions shall be provided. The objects to be consulted should be representative, including food inspection institutions, scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, industry associations and experts.

No less than 20 written opinions were received for comments. The drafting unit shall summarize and sort out the feedback and fill in the summary processing table for soliciting opinions.

Article 20 In case of any of the following circumstances, the drafting unit shall, in principle, submit a written application to the entrusting unit 30 days in advance, and send a copy to the office of the evaluation committee before implementation:

(a) the drafting unit or the person in charge of the project changes;

(two) the project extension, in principle, only once and not more than half a year;

(3) Other circumstances of project adjustment.

Chapter IV Submission and Examination

Twenty-first drafting units shall complete the drafting work within the prescribed time limit, and submit the draft method, preparation instructions, comments summary processing form, verification report, social risk analysis report and other materials to the office of the review committee.

Article 22 The office of the Review Committee shall organize formal review within 5 working days after receiving the draft method and related materials. The contents of the review shall include completeness, standardization and consistency with the requirements of the project.

If the formal review is passed, the office of the Review Committee will organize experts to conduct a meeting review; If the formal review fails, the office of the review committee shall inform the drafting unit.

Article 23 The expert group shall elect the group leader, preside over the meeting review, and review the scientific, advanced, practical, normative and other technical issues of the materials submitted for review. Each method appoints the presiding expert, who is responsible for organizing the review opinions and guiding the revision of the method content.

Twenty-fourth meeting review, the person in charge of the project shall attend the meeting to report the drafting process, technical route, content basis, etc., and answer questions from experts.

Twenty-fifth meeting review in principle by consensus. The expert group is responsible for the review, and the expert group forms a review opinion according to the materials submitted by the drafting unit and the on-site inquiry, and each expert participating in the review signs the review opinion. After the meeting, the office of the review committee summarizes the opinions of experts and forms the minutes of the meeting.

Twenty-sixth through the meeting review method, the drafting unit should be revised according to the review opinions, and submit the relevant materials within the prescribed time limit after being signed by the presiding expert and the review team leader.

If the method fails to pass the meeting review, the expert group shall issue a written opinion to the drafting unit of the method, explaining the reasons for not passing. If a retrial is required after revision, the drafting unit shall revise it according to the review opinions and submit it for review again; If the method of re-examination is not passed, the conclusion of the review is not passed in principle.

Twenty-seventh the drafting unit in any of the following circumstances, in principle, will no longer entrust new food supplementary inspection methods to develop projects, and submitted to the relevant departments for treatment:

(a) the project fails to meet the quality requirements or the drafting unit fails to perform relevant duties and fails to carry out rectification as required;

(two) the method of drafting fraud, favoritism;

(3) stopping the drafting of methods or extending the time limit for drafting methods without approval;

(four) do not use the working funds according to the provisions;

(five) other circumstances that do not meet the requirements of the management of food supplementary inspection methods.

Chapter V Approval and Release

Article 28 The office of the review committee shall, within 10 working days, submit the approved draft of supplementary food inspection methods, review conclusions and other materials to the General Administration of Market Supervision.

Twenty-ninth after the approval of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the supplementary inspection methods for food will be released in the form of announcement. The supplementary food inspection method (abbreviated as BJS) shall be numbered according to the rule of "BJS+ year number+serial number", and besides the text of the method, the information of main drafters and main drafters shall be published at the same time.

Article 30 The supplementary food inspection methods shall be published on the website of the General Administration of Market Supervision within 20 working days from the date of publication, and shall be included in the database of supplementary food inspection methods for free reference and download by the public.

Chapter VI Follow-up Evaluation and Revision

Article 31 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall organize review committees, market supervision departments, food inspection agencies, method drafting units, etc. to track and evaluate the implementation of supplementary food inspection methods.

Any citizen, legal person and other organization can put forward opinions and suggestions on the problems existing in the implementation of the method.

Article 32 The review committee shall conduct timely review according to the follow-up evaluation and other conditions, and put forward suggestions for continued validity, revision or abolition.

The revision procedures shall be implemented in accordance with the procedures of project initiation, drafting, submission for review, approval and release of these Provisions. The revised published method number shall be numbered according to Article 29 of these Provisions, and the release of previous versions of alternative food supplementary inspection methods shall be indicated in the preface of the method text.

Article 33 After the release of supplementary food inspection methods, if individual contents need to be adjusted, a revised list of supplementary food inspection methods shall be issued in the form of announcement by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 34 When issuing inspection data and results according to supplementary food inspection methods, food inspection institutions shall comply with the relevant provisions of national certification and accreditation and inspection and testing.

Article 35 The published supplementary food inspection methods belong to scientific and technological achievements, and can be used as proof materials for the main drafters to apply for scientific research awards and participate in professional and technical qualification evaluation.

Thirty-sixth General Administration of Market Supervision shall formulate procedures for rapid food detection methods with reference to these Provisions.

Article 37 These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. The Notice of the General Office of the Food and Drug Administration on Printing and Distributing the Work Provisions of Supplementary Food Inspection Methods (No.175 [2016] of the Food and Drug Administration Office) and the Notice on Issuing the Development Guide for Supplementary Food Inspection Methods (No.203 [2017]) shall be abolished at the same time.

　 　　□ Our reporter Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Intern of this newspaper Chen Haozheng

　　"If we had known that the hotel used so many prepared dishes, we would definitely not have booked this one. We felt that there was no grade, and we were even more afraid that the guests would think that we were insincere."

　　Not long ago, in order to leave an unforgettable wedding banquet for relatives and friends in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, a couple specially chose a well-known hotel in the city and ordered an expensive banquet package. However, after the wedding banquet, the couple were quietly told by their relatives and friends that the wedding banquet was not cost-effective, and 70% of the 16 dishes were prepared.

　　After the couple posted "Tucao" on the Internet, it immediately aroused the resonance of many netizens: "I know that prefabricated dishes are popular now, but I didn’t expect that wedding banquets that cost a lot of money are mostly prefabricated dishes." Some people even sneered: "You don’t need to recruit a cook in the future. Going to a restaurant to eat is all prefabricated dishes. Just heat it yourself."

　　Prefabricated dishes, with the advantages and characteristics of convenient cooking and fast meals, conform to the fast-paced life at present, and are also deeply loved by some young people. In recent years, the prefabricated vegetable market has developed rapidly. Relevant data show that the number of registered prefabricated vegetable enterprises in China has reached 62,000. Recently, the "Measures on Restoring and Expanding Consumption" issued by the relevant state ministries and commissions mentioned that "tapping the potential of prefabricated vegetable market and accelerating the construction of prefabricated vegetable bases".

　　At the same time of market expansion, there are many disputes about prefabricated dishes. A recent survey by the reporter of Rule of Law Daily found that many consumers said that they didn’t want to order prefabricated dishes when they went out to eat, and some restaurants didn’t explicitly tell them when they used prefabricated dishes. Problems such as poor quality of prefabricated dishes have also caused frequent vomiting.

　　The experts interviewed said that there is a lack of national standards and definitions for prefabricated dishes, and there is also a lack of supervision over their quality. The extensive use of prefabricated vegetables has its positive significance, but consumers should be clearly informed and their right to know and choose should be respected.

　　Online and offline prefabricated dishes are popular.

　　Food safety issues cause concern.

　　"Your 1: 1 rice is ready, please enjoy your meal. Two months ago, you cooked a fried tofu roast meat, put it in boiling water and heat it for a few minutes, then you can cook it. The cost of 5 yuan takeaway is 15 yuan, and the color is bright and the soup is delicious. Such a prefabricated dish takeaway is ready. " This is a picture in a short video about the production of prefabricated dishes.

　　The reporter found that prefabricated dishes have penetrated into many hotels online and offline.

　　The reporter searched on the e-commerce platform with "cooking bag" as the key word, and you can see many pre-cooked food stores with accumulated sales of thousands. After conversion, the average price of a cooking bag is 5 yuan, ranging from "Brazilian barbecue" to "Wanzhou grilled fish" and "spicy cod". Many of these stores will directly indicate "for take-out" or "the same catering/take-out", and many stores will put up "merchant purchase links". As long as they provide store photos and business licenses, they can choose 5 or 10 packages for free.

　　The customer service of a store told the reporter that every day, it receives consultations from dozens of take-away stores, and its store promotion page reads "cumulative supply of 8 million+"to take-away platform merchants.

　　According to the data of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, at present, the biggest downstream demand of the prefabricated vegetable industry comes from catering enterprises, accounting for 80%. Snack fast food restaurants, chain stores, food and beverage outlets that focus on take-out, rural kitchens, group dining halls, etc. are the main scenarios for the application of prefabricated dishes. Among them, some head chain catering enterprises have a high proportion of prefabricated dishes, and more than 80% of the dishes in some restaurants are prefabricated dishes.

　　According to the data released by the third-party survey organization, the scale of prefabricated vegetable market in China reached 419.6 billion yuan in 2022, up by 21.3% year-on-year, and it is estimated that the scale of prefabricated vegetable market will exceed 1 trillion yuan in 2026.

　　Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, told the reporter that the healthy and orderly development of the prefabricated vegetable industry can meet the convenient, fast and safe needs of consumers, and also promote the iterative upgrading of breeding and food industries, and a number of prefabricated vegetable industrial bases with strong radiation will emerge to accelerate consumption upgrading.

　　With the rapid development of prefabricated vegetable market, many consumers have also expressed their worries and dissatisfaction. During the interview, many consumers said that when they went to a restaurant, they just wanted to eat something fresh and cooked by the chef. As a result, some restaurants used prefabricated dishes, which "lost a little feeling". "It used to be said that it was unhealthy to eat overnight food, but now it is healthy to eat dishes cooked a few months ago." "I don’t understand why even the canteen needs cooking bags, and how can industrial food be cooked by hand?" Similar comments can be seen everywhere under the popular science of prefabricated dishes and short news videos.

　　The quality problems of prefabricated dishes exposed from time to time have also "added a fire" to consumers’ concerns. In February this year, Jiangsu Consumer Protection Committee released the "Survey Report on the Consumption of Prefabricated Vegetables", showing that over 80% of consumers said that when purchasing prefabricated vegetables, they encountered problems such as stale ingredients, spoiled dishes, damaged packaging and expired. Previously, some media exposed the production environment of a small and large-scale cooking bag manufacturer "Banggangxiang": the stained production room, the expired ingredients continued to be used, and the chicken that fell to the ground was directly thrown into the processing tank … …

　　During the interview, many consumers told reporters that many pre-cooked dishes were inconsistent in packaging and publicity. For example, the wrapping paper was painted with delicious braised pork with fat and thin, and it turned out to be starch products after being bought and opened. Some prefabricated dishes are still short of weight, and even merchants use prefabricated dishes to pretend to be fresh cooking.

　　Zheng Fengtian, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that at present, there is no national standard for pre-cooked dishes, and some provinces have plans to formulate standards for pre-cooked dishes. However, how many types of pre-cooked dishes are classified is also a difficult problem. Whether semi-finished dishes, pre-cooked dishes and central kitchen supplies can all be classified into pre-cooked dishes is still controversial.

　　Experts interviewed believe that the lack of standard system has become a key issue affecting the development of prefabricated dishes. Due to the lack of uniform implementation standards, the quality of prefabricated dishes in the market is mixed, and the tastes of dishes produced by different manufacturers are quite different, which has given birth to many pain points that plague the development of the industry, such as difficult quality assurance, unclear labeling and large price difference. Take pickled fish as an example, some manufacturers implement the national standard of animal aquatic products, while others implement the standard of quick-frozen prepared food.

　　The merchant does not express the usage.

　　Infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers

　　Not long ago, when Mr. Zhang was eating in a hotel in Qingdao, Shandong Province, he found that some dishes tasted different from what he had eaten before. After understanding, he found that the ingredients were prefabricated dishes. In this regard, the staff explained that the prefabricated dishes are convenient and quick, and they can be eaten when cooked. The quality is definitely no problem, which can meet the needs of guests to eat in a relatively short time, and the taste is not much different. Regarding Mr. Zhang’s query that "prepared vegetables are less nutritious than fresh vegetables", the staff member faltered, "There should be little difference."

　　"I didn’t expect such a big hotel to use prefabricated dishes, and it didn’t tell consumers. If you don’t ask, don’t say it." Mr. Zhang said that he could not understand this.

　　It’s nothing new that prefabricated dishes enter the hotel. During the interview, many consumers expressed their dissatisfaction with the practice of using prefabricated dishes in the hotel without explicitly telling them. Mr. Zhao, an office worker from Taian, Shandong Province, said: "I have no problem with prefabricated dishes, but the hotel should at least tell me that it provides prefabricated dishes."

　　To confirm the above statement, the reporter recently visited 30 hotels, take-away shops and supermarkets in Beijing and Tianjin, and inquired about the online take-away platform. Except for a supermarket in Hedong District, Tianjin, the cashier’s publicity page reads "Today’s specials are kung pao chicken and 9.9 yuan, and the prepared dishes are not made on the spot", no one has voluntarily informed or indicated that they are using prepared dishes.

　　At the end of August, the reporter went to a Chinese fast food chain in a shopping mall in Beijing. At that time, it was lunch time, and the store was packed. The takeaway window also waited for many takeaway brothers who took meals. But the reporter found that only one clerk in the kitchen was busy.

　　"How long will it take to order now?" In the face of a reporter’s inquiry, the staff of the ordering desk replied that it can be made in 5 minutes if you place an order now.

　　"With so many people eating, there is only one person in the kitchen, and the speed of serving can be guaranteed. Did you use prefabricated dishes?" In the face of questions, the clerk was silent for a while and did not give a positive answer. He just told reporters that the chicken chops with honey sauce were fried and the braised pork was "done" before.

　　Other restaurants visited, faced with the reporter’s question about whether they used prefabricated dishes, only the clerk of a small bowl restaurant replied that "some dishes are prefabricated dishes", while other stores ignored him. For example, a grilled fish shop did not give an answer whether it was a prepared dish or not, only that the fish and boiled meat slices in the shop were "distributed". In a rice noodle shop, the clerk told reporters that the braised chicken is semi-processed and the chicken pieces are cooked in advance.

　　Some merchants revealed to reporters that although they used prefabricated dishes, they did not dare to publicize them, because some consumers did not have high recognition of prefabricated dishes and felt that they were not fresh and nutritious, and the prefabricated dish industry did have many problems in the rapid development process in recent years, which had a certain negative impact on catering stores.

　　Should businesses inform consumers when they use prefabricated dishes?

　　Lei fu, director of the Management Committee of Beijing Yingke (Hefei) Law Firm, believes that customers have reasonable expectations for the dishes they choose, hoping for value for money, which is also the service standard that businesses and consumers should have in their contracts. Because prefabricated dishes are the product of Chinese food industrialization, the cost is much lower than that of frying and cooking now, which will aggravate the violation of consumers’ right to know and choose. If restaurants and take-away shops use prefabricated dishes, they should fulfill their obligation of informing and reminding, and guests can choose to consume or not.

　　According to Xiaojuan Zhu, director and deputy secretary-general of china law society Commercial Law Research Association, there is a difference in the cost of pre-cooked dishes and ready-made dishes, and restaurants can set prices separately, giving consumers more choices.

　　"Operators should provide real information about prepared dishes, and cannot mislead consumers through false and exaggerated propaganda. The amount of prefabricated dishes provided by operators should also be consistent with the marked quantity, and it is not allowed to cut corners and be short of weight, otherwise it will be suspected of infringing consumers’ fair trading rights. " Chen Yinjiang, deputy secretary general of china law society Consumer Protection Law Research Association, said.

　　Make standards and fulfill the obligation to inform.

　　Strengthen the management and supervision of prefabricated vegetables

　　The reporter found out that although there is no national standard for prefabricated dishes at present, since 2022, many provinces and cities have introduced relevant standards and specifications for prefabricated dishes. In April, 2022, Jiangsu Catering Industry Association issued the group standard "Standard for Quality Evaluation of Precast Dishes"; In November 2022, Chongqing Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued the "Twenty Articles on Implementing the Main Responsibility of Food Safety" for the production and operation of prefabricated vegetables; In January this year, the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued the "Examination Plan for the Production License of Shanghai Prefabricated Vegetables" to explore and standardize the food safety of prefabricated vegetables.

　　The national level also attaches great importance to the development of prefabricated dishes. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee clearly stated that "the standardization and standardization level of clean vegetables, central kitchens and other industries should be improved. Cultivate and develop the prefabricated vegetable industry. " On July 31st, the State Council forwarded the Notice of National Development and Reform Commission on Measures to Restore and Expand Consumption, specifically proposing to expand the consumption of catering services, cultivate the mode of "breeding base+central kitchen+cold chain logistics+catering stores", and tap the potential of prefabricated vegetable market.

　　Recently, through the coordination and docking between Shandong Provincial Market Supervision Administration and State Administration of Market Supervision, two items of "prefabricated vegetable processing" and "prefabricated vegetable sales" have been added to the standardized management system of business scope. On August 3, the person in charge of Liaocheng Fudelin Catering Management Co., Ltd. in Shandong Province took over the first business license of the city’s business scope of "prefabricated vegetable processing" and "prefabricated vegetable sales" from the staff.

　　In Chen Yinjiang’s view, the standard system of pre-cooked dishes has not been established before, nor has it been included in the scope of special food business projects. Generally, as long as you have a catering service license or a food business license, you can engage in related business activities. Including "pre-cooked dish processing" and "pre-cooked dish sales" in the special business scope can promote the establishment and improvement of the standard system of pre-cooked dishes in the future and promote the standardized and high-quality development of the industry.

　　Experts interviewed by reporters believe that for prefabricated vegetable enterprises, delicious food determines how high it can go, and safety determines how far it can go.

　　Sun Juanjuan, a researcher at the Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety Governance of Renmin University of China, believes that the pre-cooked food for consumers is prepackaged foods, and the compliance management of producers and operators needs to pay attention to the legal compliance of identification information, including not misleading consumers in principle, but also specific information identification requirements such as name, ingredients and date. It is worth mentioning that the intuition of logo information makes logo non-compliance an important object of consumer rights protection. Especially, the producers and operators of pre-cooked vegetables who change from B2B (business-to-business) to B2C (enterprises provide goods or services directly to consumers) should pay attention to the compliance challenges brought by the scene change.

　　"Consumers can actively choose prefabricated dishes in the B2C scenario and passively consume prefabricated dishes in the B2B scenario. The latter’s informed choice has triggered disputes on the protection of consumers’ rights and interests. The transparency of supply chain has attracted increasing attention. In addition to food safety, consumers also pay attention to their consumption content from other dimensions such as economic benefits, including food production methods. Facing the competition brought by catering industrialization, handmade production still has its own existence scene. Information disclosure is undoubtedly a prerequisite for meeting consumers’ different expectations and making informed choices. " Sun Juanjuan said.

　　Lei fu said that the emergence of a new thing will inevitably lead to changes in the upstream and downstream industries, and it is essential to formulate industry standards and standardize guidance. The development of prefabricated vegetables needs to be controlled from the source. Production must have a food production license, transportation and storage also need synchronous supervision, storage conditions and transportation equipment standards need to be updated simultaneously for catering sales, and sellers who send them to consumers’ tables also need corresponding licenses.

　　In Xiaojuan Zhu’s view, the relevant state departments should formulate and promulgate specific standards for prepared dishes, including raw material standards and finished product standards; Pre-cooked vegetable production enterprises should fulfill the responsibilities of producers and operators, produce standard and healthy products, and indicate raw materials and cooking methods; Trade associations should also formulate trade rules to advocate prefabricated vegetable enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities and establish a good social image.

　　"The relevant regulatory authorities should implement the supervision, not only strengthen the daily supervision and inspection, but also carry out targeted special supervision and inspection for the problems that consumers reflect more intensively and prominently, and crack down on violations of laws and regulations or damage to consumers’ rights and interests according to law." Chen Yinjiang suggested.　

　　CCTV News:According to the website of National Medical Products Administration, 53 batches of cosmetics marked as agents (production) by 22 enterprises such as Special Eye International Trade (Shanghai) Co., Ltd. were unqualified after inspection by Zhejiang Food and Drug Inspection and Research Institute, and the above-mentioned unqualified products and related enterprises violated the Regulations on Hygienic Supervision of Cosmetics, Regulations on the Management of Cosmetic Labeling and other relevant laws and regulations.

　　According to National Medical Products Administration, the labeling agency (production) enterprises involved and the unqualified products are: Flower-jealous Mild Hair Cream 5N Natural Brown Set (Flower-jealous Mild Hair Cream 5N Natural Brown+Coenzyme Brilliant Hair Essence), Kaiweisi Hair Cream (chestnut color) (5.3 chestnut) and Kaiweisi Hair Cream (chestnut brown) produced by Guangzhou Kaiweisi Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Kaiweisi hair cream (chestnut color) and Kaiweisi hair cream, Caiyu zhanghua hair care baking oil (No.8) produced by Zhejiang zhanghua Health Care & Hairdressing Industry Co., Ltd., zhanghua hair care baking oil (No.14), Yeguozhen Tianfeng hair care baking oil (natural black), zhanghua hair care shampoo natural black, zhanghua brand Jiecai baking oil hair cream (No.30). Anzhi acid nourishing long-lasting color-dyeing baking ointment (wine red) produced by Beijing Guijiamei Industry and Trade Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: Beijing Yuqiri Tonghua Cosmetics Co., Ltd.), bright natural black hair cream produced by Jiangsu Meiaisi Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: Henkel Co., Ltd.), and CHEAM produced by Wujiang Xing Tsukagoshi Hirotaka Daily Chemicals Co., Ltd. Liangyan hair cream (36) and Liangyan hair cream (30)(12/11), Feiling hair cream 6-45 (medium wine red) produced by Shanghai Huimei Cosmetics Co., Ltd. and Sibert Jiaoyang hair cream, and Chuanglu baking oil hair cream 2N natural black produced by Zhuji Best Daily Chemical Co., Ltd.,Black Diamond Premium Black Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Jiatong Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Jinghongda Hair Cream (Brown) and Jinghongda Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Jinghongda Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Siyu Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Clivia Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. (Rose Purple), Hongrui Kaixian Hair Cream produced by Guangzhou Kaixi Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Haiweisi hair dressing ointment produced by Guangzhou Lanzi Cosmetics Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: France Lanzi (International) Cosmetics Co., Ltd.), Farafak Aromatherapy Bright Dyeing Ointment (Yingpaier Dyeing Ointment) produced by Guangzhou Yingpaier Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Jinhuang Female Hair Dyeing Ointment produced by Guangzhou Zhongyue Dasheng Cosmetics Co., Ltd., Jinzhutang Hair Dyeing Ointment and Jinzhutang Hair Dyeing Ointment produced by Guangzhou Weiniya Cosmetics Co., Ltd. Hair cream five-color rice plant essence hair cream (chestnut color), A Pai Yizu Mengpeisi hair cream (black) and Mengpeisi hair cream (0/45) produced by Heshan Bangli Fine Chemical Co., Ltd., Ai’s hair cream series (copper red) and Ai’s hair cream series (gold copper color) produced by Taishan Gaofu Daily Chemical Co., Ltd., and military doctor? Tiggo dyes hair cream quickly (wine red), military doctor? Tiggo dye fast hair cream (natural black), Tiggo wash black shampoo (black), Tiggo dye fast hair cream (natural black), Tiggo dye fast hair cream (natural black), Tiggo dye fast hair cream.(wine red) and Tiggo Dye Fast Hair Cream (brown), Dicai Hair Cream (brown) produced by Zhaoqing Dicai Daily Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (entrusting party: Guangzhou Dicai Cosmetics Co., Ltd.), Capgemini Hair Cream (golden brown) 6/77 and Capgemini Hair Cream (natural black) 44/0 produced by Zhaoqing Capgemini Technology Co., Ltd.

　　Among them, after on-site verification by the drug supervision department where the manufacturer is located, it was marked as Caiyu zhanghua Dyeing and Baking Oil (No.8), zhanghua Dyeing and Baking Oil (No.14), Yeguozhen Tianfeng Dyeing and Baking Oil (Natural Black), zhanghua Dyeing and Protecting Shampoo Natural Black and zhanghua Jiecai Baking Oil Dyeing Cream (No.30) produced by Zhejiang zhanghua Health and Hairdressing Industry Co., Ltd.

　　The above-mentioned unqualified products and related enterprises violated the provisions of relevant laws and regulations such as the Regulations on Cosmetic Hygiene Supervision, the Regulations on the Administration of Cosmetic Labeling and so on. National Medical Products Administration asked the drug regulatory authorities in Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, Henan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces (cities) to supervise and urge relevant production enterprises to take timely measures such as recalling related products that have been listed and sold, file an investigation and deal with them seriously according to law; The drug regulatory authorities in Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Ningxia, Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Tianjin, Yunnan and Zhejiang provinces (cities) are required to order relevant business units to immediately take measures such as taking off the shelves to control risks. For products suspected of counterfeiting, it is necessary to thoroughly investigate their purchase channels and investigate violations of laws and regulations. The above-mentioned provincial drug regulatory authorities shall disclose the processing results of relevant enterprises or units within 3 months from the date of announcement, and timely fill in and report the relevant information in the national cosmetic sampling information system in National Medical Products Administration.

　　Recently, some media reported that online celebrity weight loss coffee cost 8 yuan, but it sold for 298 yuan. What is even more exasperating, however, is that coffee is actually a diet drug that was withdrawn from the market 10 years ago — — Sibutramine!

　　It’s almost the season of revealing meat, and it’s not too late to lose weight. Have you ever been tempted by those advertising slogans that advertise that you can lose weight quickly, burn fat instantly and lose 30 pounds a month? Pharmacists are here to remind you that those slimming foods such as slimming tea, weight loss coffee, and fat-burning capsules sold illegally are likely to contain drugs added illegally, which pose a health threat to the body. Don’t blind your eyes to all kinds of fancy weight-loss products, otherwise it is very likely that the more you lose weight, the worse your body will be.

　　What kind of "ghost" is sibutramine

　　Searching for "sibutramine" in Baidu, I found that sibutramine was added to many so-called diet foods. For example, "fat-burning slimming capsules", fruit and vegetable drinks (solid drinks) and fruit and vegetable slices with slimming effect.

　　Sibutramine is a central weight-loss drug, which can act on the central system, by inhibiting the reuptake of neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, 5- hydroxytryptamine and dopamine in the body, so as to suppress appetite and reduce food intake to achieve the purpose of weight loss.

　　In 1997, it was approved for obesity in the United States, and it became a weight loss star for a while, so it was listed in China in 2000. After listing, China’s ADR center also monitored some adverse reactions, mainly headache, dry mouth, insomnia, dizziness and so on. In fact, it may not only affect the digestive system, nervous system, central and peripheral nervous system, cardiovascular system, etc., leading to endocrine and metabolic disorders, mental stress, sleep disorders and so on. But the most serious is the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, cardiac arrest and so on, especially for patients with heart diseases such as coronary heart disease, arrhythmia, or already suffering from cerebrovascular diseases, the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular accidents is higher.

　　In view of the fact that sibutramine may increase cardiovascular adverse events after marketing, in 2002, the European Union launched a large-scale clinical study on the influence of sibutramine on cardiovascular safety after marketing, which was called "Sibutramine Cardiovascular Terminal Test", including the participation of many countries and regions such as the European Union and Australia. The research results published in 2010 show that the use of this drug can increase the serious cardiovascular risk. Thus, since 2010, the United States, the European Union and China have successively withdrawn sibutramine from the market.

　　Those "ingredients" lurking in diet foods

　　At present, some illegal sales of slimming tea and weight loss coffee claim that the products are very safe while promoting slimming, which makes many consumers put down their defenses. But in fact, these weight-loss products are likely to have serious health risks. Because products that are generally claimed to have the effect of fast weight loss, in order to make consumers lose weight, it is very likely that some drugs will be added illegally, mainly in these categories:

　　The most common way is to add appetite suppressants such as sibutramine, fenfluramine and its derivatives. These drugs mainly act on the central system of the brain to "pretend" to be full, reduce appetite and lose weight, but long-term use may affect the function of the heart and lungs, and cause symptoms such as palpitation and dyspnea, and increase the risk of pulmonary hypertension, myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest.

　　Add some laxatives such as phenolphthalein tablets (guide tablets), bisacodyl, etc. Take bisacodyl as an example, it is an irritating laxative, but long-term use may lead to chronic diarrhea, hypokalemia, secondary aldosteronism, and even metabolic alkalosis, myasthenia, renal tubular injury and so on.

　　Add some drugs to increase energy consumption, such as levothyroxine sodium, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, theophylline, and diuretics such as furosemide and bumetanide. These drugs seem to "lose weight" by increasing energy metabolism and discharging more water, but in fact they may only lose some water.

　　More importantly, taking these drugs without knowing it may bring harm to the body. For example, taking levothyroxine sodium for a long time may lead to drug-induced hyperthyroidism, and symptoms such as palpitation, emaciation and exophthalmos may occur. Excessive use of ephedrine, pseudoephedrine and theophylline may cause arrhythmia, anxiety and myocardial infarction, and excessive use of diuretics may cause electrolyte disorders such as low potassium and sodium.

　　Other added drugs and some other drugs have also been detected in weight loss products, including fluoxetine and sildenafil. Many illegal weight-loss products contain not only one illegally added drug, but also two or more.

　　Pharmacists give you a prescription for healthy weight loss.

　　So is there a "safe" diet pill that allows us to reduce the meat easily? The answer is: not really. There is no product that claims to be safe to lose weight. No weight loss product is effective and has no side effects. Only a healthy diet plus adequate and moderate exercise is the safest and most effective way to lose weight. Here are three tips for losing weight safely.

　　Before you lose weight, calculate your BMI index. The specific algorithm is to divide your weight (kg) by the square of your height (m). If it is less than 24kg/m2, you don’t need to lose weight. If you are not satisfied with your body shape, you can shape it through fitness. If it is between 24 and 24-28 kg/m2, it is overweight; Above 28 kg/m2, you are obese, and you need to reduce it if you are overweight or obese.

　　It is suggested that only by adhering to a scientific lifestyle for a long time can we maintain our weight and reduce the rebound. Friends who need to lose weight and want to lose weight can go to the nutrition department of the hospital, ask a professional dietitian to give an individualized recipe, and then choose the exercise that they like relatively and suit them, and insist on exercising for a certain time every day.

　　If you need help with drugs, you can choose orlistat. At present, in China, the only drug with obesity treatment indications and approved by National Medical Products Administration is orlistat. However, orlistat itself has some adverse reactions, such as oily stool, increased stool frequency, abdominal pain and flatulence, which may also lead to liver injury, so please use it under the guidance of a doctor or pharmacist.

　　In addition, if you have diabetes at the same time, you can also choose hypoglycemic drugs, such as liraglutide, dulaglutide, exenatide, etc. For example, liraglutide has also been approved in the United States to assist patients with BMI above 27kg/m2 to lose weight. In addition, some drugs such as Dapagliflozin and Kaglinide can reduce blood sugar and weight at the same time.

　　Although everyone loves beauty, the road to losing weight is long and difficult, and there is really no shortcut. Scientific weight loss is the king.

　　Text/Song Zhihui (Beijing Tongren Hospital)

　　In terms of the appearance of the 2023 SRT Hellcat, the new car continues the American muscle car style with very tough and powerful challenger family models. At the same time, the new car has added a set of wide-body kit on the basis of the ordinary version, which is mainly aimed at widening its wheel eyebrows, and has increased by 3.5 inches (88.9mm) compared with the ordinary version, enabling the new car to use wider tires. In addition, the new car will also provide 13 different body colors, and provide a variety of body pull flowers for consumers to choose from.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　In the details of 2023 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, the middle net and the lower air intake of the new car are also painted in black, and there is a unique logo of SRT on the side of the middle net. In terms of wheels, SRT Super Stock adopts a set of 18x11J (18 inches in diameter and 11 inches in width) rims, which are the same as those of challenger SRT Demon, and is matched with the NT05R linear acceleration special tires with 315/40 R18 specifications, so that the car has three times the grip of SRT Hellcat models. In terms of brakes, the front wheel of the new car is equipped with an upgraded Brembo four-piston caliper and a 14.2-inch front brake disc.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　In terms of the power of 2023 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, the new car is equipped with a 6.2-liter HEMI V8 supercharged engine. Compared with the challenger Hellcat Redeye model, its maximum power is increased from 807 horsepower to 818 horsepower, and the red line speed of the engine is increased from 6300rpm to 6400rpm. The transmission system is matched with a TorqueFlite 8HP90 8-speed automatic manual transmission. Dodge official said that the acceleration time of the new car from 0 to 96 km/h is 3.25 seconds, and it only takes 10.5 seconds to complete the linear acceleration of a quarter mile, but due to the tires of the new car, its top speed is limited to 168 mph (270 km/h).

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　Company name: Tianjin Hailufeng Automobile Service Co., Ltd.

　　Company Address: Senyang International Automobile City, Bonded Zone, Tianjin Binhai New Area

　　Main brands: Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, BMW, and other high-end brand models.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Europe has followed the United States to impose several rounds of severe sanctions on Russia. Recently, a number of foreign media reported that the spillover effects of sanctions against Russia caused high inflation in Europe and the economy continued to be under pressure. Europe is increasingly worried about the problems brought by sanctions.

　　find it difficult to advance or to retreat―be in a dilemma/plight

　　According to today’s Russian International News Agency, Uwe Schultz, a German parliamentarian, recently warned that the EU’s largest economy is facing further economic recession and "de-industrialization" due to the EU’s sanctions against Russia. Schultz issued a statement on the website of his political party, saying that economic sanctions against Russia have hit the German economy hard. Schultz said that the sanctions against Russia and the economic measures taken by the German ruling Coalition are leading Germany directly to "de-industrialization", "the economic prospect of Germany in 2023 is disappointing" and "the poor performance of the automobile industry continues to lead to a decline in manufacturing output". Stefan Wolff, president of the German Federation of Employers’ Associations in the Metal and Electrical Engineering Industry, also believes that the German economy is no longer competitive and is expected to fall into recession in the second half of this year.

　　According to preliminary data released by Eurostat on July 31, Germany’s GDP in the second quarter of this year increased by zero month-on-month, which was less than the market’s previous expectation of 0.1%. According to the latest forecast of the International Monetary Fund, the German economy will shrink by 0.3% in 2023.

　　Many European companies are also facing the negative impact of European sanctions against Russia. The Financial Times recently conducted a survey on the operating conditions of 600 large European enterprises, and the results showed that 176 of them lost more than 100 billion euros due to the reduction, sale or closure of their business in Russia. This figure does not include the losses caused by indirect factors such as rising energy prices and rising production costs caused by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

　　According to statistics, before the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, more than 1,800 large enterprises in Europe had operations in Russia, and more than half of them still continue to operate in Russia. According to the analysis, many European enterprises are in a dilemma under the influence of European sanctions against Russia: on the one hand, leaving Russia will have a direct negative impact on their own operations, on the other hand, staying in Russia will face more and more political and economic risks.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022, European countries have followed the United States to impose several rounds of sanctions on Russia. In May, the British government announced the expansion of sanctions against Russia, including punitive import tariffs on precious metals produced in Russia and export bans on certain British products. In June, the EU reached an agreement on the 11th round of sanctions against Russia, including measures aimed at cracking down on circumvention of existing sanctions. Russia retaliated against Europe by cutting fuel supply and implementing ruble settlement.

　　"The impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is not exactly the same, and two types of countries are the most affected: first, countries that are highly dependent on Russian energy, such as Hungary and other Central and Eastern European countries; Second, countries whose industrial structure is dominated by manufacturing and energy-intensive industries, such as Germany, Italy and other European manufacturing powers. " Yan Shaohua, an associate researcher at the China-EU Relations Research Center of the Institute of International Studies of Fudan University, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　Fatal impact

　　"In recent years, the European economy has been affected by the European sovereign debt crisis ‘ Sequela ’ The continuous influence of is in a slow recovery. After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, this recovery process was disrupted. The biggest impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is to aggravate Europe ‘ De-industrialization ’ Worried. " Zhang Jian, vice president and researcher of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told this reporter that German, Italian and other European countries have comparative advantages in the field of high-end manufacturing, and an important basis for this advantage is cheap natural gas from Russia. Nowadays, these European countries are bearing the cost of sanctions against Russia, that is, losing cheap Russian natural gas and having to purchase more expensive energy from other countries, which has led many European manufacturing enterprises, especially energy-intensive enterprises, to face rising production costs and be forced to cut production, stop production or move their production lines outside.

　　Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) released by Standard & Poor’s Worldwide shows that in July, the manufacturing PMI in the euro zone dropped to 42.7, the lowest level since the outbreak of COVID-19. As a big European manufacturing country, Germany performed poorly, and its manufacturing PMI plummeted to 38.8 in July.

　　The report of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs pointed out that high energy prices weakened the competitiveness of European energy-intensive industries, resulting in the loss of market share.

　　The economic census report released by dihk this summer also shows that the fluctuation of energy and raw material prices is the biggest risk faced by German enterprises, among which 80% of energy-intensive enterprises list it as the number one risk. According to the report of "Credit Reform", a German credit agency, the number of German enterprises filing for bankruptcy in the first half of 2023 increased by 16.2% year-on-year. In addition, many enterprises plan or have begun to transfer their business to countries with relatively low energy. For example, dozens of enterprises, including Lufthansa and Siemens, are considering expanding production and increasing capital in the United States.

　　"Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the European economy is already facing problems such as high inflation rate, high unemployment rate and broken supply chain, and sanctions against Russia have further aggravated these problems. From the production point of view, sanctions against Russia have led to the gradual energy development in Russia and Europe ‘ Decoupling ’ It is difficult for European countries to find a suitable alternative in a short time to make up for the loss of cheap energy in Russia, which makes the manufacturing cost rise sharply. From the perspective of consumption, energy shortage leads to soaring energy prices, which will inevitably affect commodity prices in European countries, thus pushing up inflation and increasing people’s living costs. " Yan Shaohua said.

　　Some analysts pointed out that Russia is an important supplier of raw materials for high-end manufacturing in Europe. There are many links in the industrial chain of high-end manufacturing industry, and the supply chain is accurate and complex. The obstruction of the upstream link means the source fracture of the industrial chain and supply chain, which will have a fatal impact on the whole industry. Although Europe tries to avoid areas that will "jam its neck" in the process of sanctions against Russia, with Russia’s retaliatory countermeasures, Europe’s high-end manufacturing industry is in a passive position.

　　snow plus frost—exacerbate

　　Agence France-Presse reported that since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the EU has imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia, but EU diplomats admit that the EU sanctions are close to the limit.

　　"At present, there is little room for further escalation and overweight of European sanctions against Russia. However, in the short term, sanctions will continue and there is no room for manoeuvre. In this context, Europe’s next question is how to deal with the impact of sanctions on itself. Since the energy crisis last year, Europe has been looking for ways. The European Union has introduced a series of measures, on the one hand, to find energy suppliers that can replace Russia, on the other hand, to release ‘ Green agreement industry plan ’ Accelerate energy transformation and green development. " Yan Shaohua believes that with the relevant EU policies gradually playing a role, the pressure faced by EU countries in energy this year may be eased compared with last year, but the problem has not been fundamentally solved.

　　Leonhard Birnbaum, CEO of Eon Energy Group, pointed out that the EU will change its energy structure and reduce its imports of Russian energy due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and this trend will continue, so the energy crisis in Europe is far from over. "In the long run, because we can’t get cheap energy from Russian pipelines, it is expected that the price of natural gas will rise, which may be two to three times that of now." Leonhard Birnbaum said.

　　According to the preliminary statistics released by Eurostat on July 31, after zero growth in the first quarter of this year, the euro zone economy grew by 0.3% in the second quarter. Analysts pointed out that although the euro zone economy has resumed growth, the risk of stagnant growth still exists due to factors such as high inflation, weak global demand and monetary tightening policy. Among the major economies in the euro zone, Germany and Italy continue to suffer from the shrinking demand for goods due to the larger manufacturing scale.

　　"In the foreseeable future, it will be more difficult for the European economy to turn around. On the one hand, the energy security situation in Europe has not fundamentally improved, European manufactured goods have lost the Russian market, and the competitiveness of European products will continue to decline; On the other hand, the United States introduced the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chip and Science Act to attract European companies to invest in the United States, which will make the European economy worse. " According to Zhang Jian’s analysis, as the largest economy in the European Union, Germany has strong economic radiation, especially its close integration with the economies of neighboring countries. If Germany is affected by sanctions against Russia and its economic situation cannot be effectively improved, then in the next three to five years, Germany’s neighboring countries and even the entire euro zone economy will also encounter troubles, and the overall economic policy and political and social stability of the EU will be negatively affected.

　　Some analysts pointed out that high-end manufacturing is the core of European real economy and one of the main engines leading European economic growth. If it is difficult for European countries to get through the obstruction of industrial chain and supply chain, it may be difficult to maintain their leading position in high-end manufacturing in the future. By then, Europe will not only face the problem of economic recession, but also be more difficult to achieve "strategic autonomy".

　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenxue): According to the latest news from the Health and Health Commission of Heilongjiang Province, from 0: 00 to 12: 00 on September 22nd, there were 5 new confirmed cases in COVID-19 (4 cases in Bayan County, Harbin, and 1 case in nangang district, Harbin). As of 12: 00 on September 22, there are 6 confirmed cases imported from abroad and 8 confirmed cases locally in the province.

　　On September 22nd, Announcement No.29 of Harbin Municipal Command for Dealing with Pneumonia in novel coronavirus was released. In order to find and control the source of infection in time and effectively, and resolutely block the spread of the epidemic, according to the actual situation of epidemic prevention and control in Harbin and the expert’s judgment, the headquarters of Harbin’s response to novel coronavirus’s pneumonia epidemic decided that "three districts and one county" in nangang district, Daoli District, Songbei District and Bayan County should complete the first round of nucleic acid detection before 24: 00 on September 22, and other districts and counties (cities) should complete the first round before 24: 00 on September 23.

　　In order to ensure full coverage and no omission of nucleic acid detection, Longjiang health code assignment management will be implemented for nucleic acid detection, and the health code will be adjusted to "yellow code" for those who fail to carry out nucleic acid detection according to the requirements of epidemic prevention and control, and will be adjusted to "green code" when the detection is completed and the result is negative.

　　In order to concentrate on doing a good job in nucleic acid screening for all staff and quickly cut off the source of epidemic spread, from now on, the vaccination work in COVID-19 in the city will be suspended for 3 days.

How can I get the information of a truck I don’t know quickly? Domestic off-brand trucks usually stick various LOGOs on the body, including LOGO, model, horsepower, etc. It is a quick and effective way to obtain basic information from various logos pasted on the body. You can know what brand this is through logo, and you can know the name of the model through the model logo. Then you can use search engine to learn more about this model.

Logo, on the other hand, is also a way for manufacturers to publicize the characteristics of their vehicles. For example, a "4.9s" is marked on the rear of a hybrid vehicle to tell everyone that the acceleration time of this vehicle from 0 to 100 km/h is only 4.9 seconds. Different from passenger cars, trucks have more and more complicated signs, but there are also rules to follow.

Logo of BYD Hybrid Vehicle

Common way 1: Tonnage+horsepower

The seven mainstream truck brands in Europe are led by Mercedes-Benz trucks, and they like to use the sign "Tonnage+Horsepower" to stick on the door. The nameplate consists of four digits in total, the first two digits represent the total mass of the vehicle design (unit: ton), and the last two digits multiplied by 10 are equal to the maximum output horsepower of the engine. Take 2644, the main model sold in China, as an example, with a total design mass of 26 tons and a maximum output power of 440 HP. 2648, 3360, 1841, etc. are all the same.

Common body logo of Mercedes-Benz truck

Baotou Beiben Heavy Truck Co., Ltd. signed a cooperation agreement with Mercedes-Benz truck in the 1980s, and introduced a series of products. In terms of product naming, the Beiben model also continued the way of Mercedes-Benz truck, so don’t be surprised to see the same standard method as Mercedes-Benz on the Beiben truck.

Common body logo of Beiben truck

At present, Foton Motor, which cooperates with Daimler Group, has an EST super truck based on construction. Recently, it has been listed in China and started to use the same signboard form as Mercedes-Benz trucks. For example, the original 430-horsepower model only marked "430" on the door, and now it has been replaced with "2543".

MAN truck company, which is also a German brand, also adopts the standard method of "tonnage+horsepower", which is more intuitive than Mercedes-Benz’s 4-digit standard method. MAN uses the 5-digit standard method, in which the first 2 digits are the total design mass of the vehicle, and the last 3 digits are the maximum output horsepower of the engine, and the model name will be added at the front, usually three English letters. For example, MAN recently promoted 28.480 in China, TGX is MAN’s flagship model, 28 indicates that the total vehicle mass is designed for 28 tons, and 480 indicates the maximum output power of the engine.

Common body logo of Mann truck in Germany

It is not unreasonable for Italy to be dubbed Italy’s Italian-made medium-sized car. Although the standard method is tonnage+horsepower, people who don’t know it will be puzzled to interpret it according to the convention of Mercedes-Benz, because Iveco’s standard method is very confusing. For example, a Eurocargo is marked with "150E28" next to it, and many people will subconsciously think that this car is 150 horsepower with a total design weight of 28 tons. On the contrary, "150" means that the total design mass is 15 tons and the maximum output power of the engine is 280 horsepower. The latest Eurocargo has changed a new standard method, which is also composed of five digits. The first two digits indicate tonnage, and the last three digits indicate horsepower. "75-190" means 7.5 tons and 190 horsepower. Iveco’s flagship heavy truck is relatively simple and rude, and it is directly labeled as "model+horsepower", which belongs to another classification.

Body logo of Iveco truck in Italy

A few simple numbers can convey the information of vehicle tonnage, horsepower and even vehicle type. The marking method of "tonnage+horsepower" is very intuitive and effective. Experienced people can roughly guess the vehicle type and service conditions from this marking information, such as Mercedes-Benz 2648, which must be a three-axle vehicle with a total weight of 26 tons. This tonnage level with a 480 horsepower engine is more suitable for high-speed logistics conditions. If Mercedes-Benz 3360 is used, if it is a 33-ton tractor with 600 horsepower, then it is no accident that it must be designed for heavy-duty conditions, so it needs such a large tonnage and horsepower. MAN and Iveco are the same, and I have to admire the person who came up with this method at that time.

Common way 2: model+horsepower

At present, it is the most widely used method to use the model (car series)+horsepower standard method. European manufacturers think that this method is used in all series of models, and the logo consists of one letter plus three digits. The name of Scania car series is relatively simple, which is P/G/R/S series from bottom to top. The car logo is one letter, and the last three digits indicate the maximum horsepower of the engine. Take chestnuts as an example. G480 means that this car uses a series of cabs with a maximum power of 480 HP. The same is true for other series.

Body logo of Scania truck

Like Scania, there are French trucks. Now Renault’s latest trucks are divided into models with a single letter, including T-series, C-series, K-series and other models, corresponding to different levels and working conditions. The logo is also composed of car name+horsepower. The "T" of the 2015 international truck Renault T520 represents the model, and "520" means that the car is 520 horsepower.

Renault truck

Domestic cars basically use this standard method. The eldest son of the Republic marked "J6P-460" on the door to indicate that the model name is, the engine output is 460 horsepower; There are also domestic mainstream models such as U480,540, Shaanxi Automobile X3000 480 and Hongyan Jieshi C100 480, all of which are of this kind.

Body logo of Jiefang truck

This widely used identification method has both advantages and disadvantages. The advantage is that it is intuitive to know the name of the vehicle and the power of the engine, but the disadvantage is that it is impossible to infer the working condition of the vehicle from the name. Therefore, domestic manufacturers will now attach labels such as "Pilot Edition", "Sailing Edition", "Composite Edition", "Lightweight Edition" and "Smooth Edition" to the body surface to further refine the vehicle classification. If you think that this can satisfy the "show off" psychology of manufacturers, it is naive, and then read on.

Common way 3: technical identification cannot be less.

We can often see various labels such as "VVTI", "TFSI" and "1.5T" on passenger cars. These are the places where manufacturers are not or not good enough to flaunt their cars with other brands, which can be understood as a show off. For example, Toyota’s VVTI variable valve technology is a Toyota patent, and other manufacturers can’t flaunt themselves like this, so Toyota can use this as a selling point. The same is true for truck manufacturers, on the one hand, to show more information, on the other hand, to show off. Among them, the engine logo is the most common, and both domestic and foreign car companies play this set.

Starting from Mercedes-Benz, "BlueTec" can be found on passenger cars and trucks. It is the name of a diesel engine exhaust aftertreatment system originally created by Mercedes-Benz. This aftertreatment technology can effectively reduce particulates and effectively reduce the emission of nitrogen oxides. It is one of the cleanest diesel engine technologies in the world. Is Mercedes-Benz a naked show?

Technical signs on Mercedes-Benz trucks

Another model of Mercedes-Benz truck with engine will put a "V8" logo on the front of the car to tell the onlookers that this is a car with V8 engine. European manufacturers MAN and Scania also have this practice, and will add the V8 logo as an honor to the car. But now, with the emission escalation, only Scania has retained the V8 engine with Euro 6 emission, and the gold content of the V8 logo is even more sufficient in Ouka.

Technical signs on Scania trucks

Even if there is no V8 engine, as long as the engine technology is advanced enough, it can be pasted on the car as a show-off capital. MAN in Germany has an engine with Euro-6 emission. The engine model starts with "D38". This D38 engine has excellent performance, and all indicators can kill competitors, both in fuel economy and power. Therefore, MAN will put a "D38" logo on the model equipped with D38 engine to let you know that this is a car equipped with D38 engine.

Technical signs on MAN trucks in Germany

Similarly, domestic manufacturers have done a lot, and there are two brands of DCI engines with Renault technology to choose from. In order to highlight DCI engines, all cars equipped with DCI engines will add a "DCI" logo before the horsepower logo, while machines equipped with Dongfeng Cummins do not have this treatment. The same is true for United trucks. Models equipped with flagship engine series will stick a "6K inside" on the door to indicate that the "heart" of this car is 6K.

Common body logo of Dongfeng Tianlong

It sounds incredible to make a car system specially for an engine, but in fact there are quite a few. Up to now, it is the king of horsepower of European trucks. A 16-liter inline 6-cylinder engine has made a maximum output of 750 horsepower, which is enough to be proud of. For this reason, a truck is specially added on the basis of "".The front face of the vehicle is different from other FH colors, and the surface of the car body also has a special logo.

750 horsepower model

Ou Man, a domestic manufacturer, is playing this game the most. A Ou Man GTL model with an ISG engine is called "Edition", and a big "ISG" logo is attached to the side of the car body; Ou Man GTL with Mercedes-Benz OM457 engine is called "Mercedes-Benz Edition", and there is a corresponding logo on the body. Because there are many engines available for Foton models, in order to better distinguish the engine brands, there is a letter behind the horsepower logo to represent the engine brands. For example, "490 G" means the maximum output power of the engine is 490 HP, the engine is Cummins ISG, the letter "W" means, and "B" means Mercedes-Benz power.

Body logo of GTL truck in Ou Man

Standard torque

Finally, I want to talk about a very distinctive logo type. Recently, Dongfeng Tianlong flagship has put on a new logo method, changing the horsepower standard method used in the past and replacing it with 4 digits plus engine displacement. These four figures can make many people blindsided and completely unable to understand what they mean.

The latest body logo adopted by Tianlong flagship

"2330" and "13L", which is easy to understand, represent the engine displacement of 13L, because there are not many domestic models that can assemble 13L engines now, and most of the so-called 13L engines have a displacement of more than 12L, and only Dongfeng Cummins ISZ 13 has a real domestic displacement of 13L, so it is so proud to stick "13L" on the car body. The meaning of "2330" doesn’t matter, it represents the maximum torque output value of the engine, and other manufacturers mark the engine power. It is also the first time for Dongfeng to mark the torque, which is a precedent. The purpose of doing this is to show that the engine torque is large, the vehicle power is strong, and the starting point is very good. It is not known how the actual publicity effect is.

Privately, this practice is more like manufacturers "entertaining themselves." There are two reasons. The first is that the practice of marking torque seems intuitive. In fact, it is difficult for the bottom users to quantify this value, and they have no idea about it. They are used to the marking method of horsepower and suddenly have a torque, and they can’t understand how much horsepower this is. It’s like everyone says that he is xx meters tall, and suddenly someone says that he is xx feet tall, which makes it impossible to judge the height of his birth immediately according to his own experience. The second is that the labeling form is too counterintuitive, and almost no one can guess what these four numbers mean. The combination of tonnage and horsepower of Mercedes-Benz is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people and will be interpreted in the form of Mercedes-Benz.

To sum up all the models, there must be a key message-horsepower value no matter how the logo rules of different brands and models change. In the final analysis, a truck is a means of transportation, and the most basic and key indicator is the strength of power. Only when the power is strong enough can it carry goods. Basically, all truck engines are diesel engines and turbocharged, which are standard configurations, so there is no need to mark these as selling points like passenger cars. An engine will have several different output power adjustments, and with different engine types, the optional horsepower range will be particularly rich. At this time, marking the horsepower value on the body can reflect the power strength of the vehicle relatively intuitively.

Note: The content of this article is reproduced from other media, please respect the copyright and keep the source, and bear all legal responsibilities. Truck House published this article for the purpose of transmitting more information, which does not mean agreeing with its views or confirming its description, nor does it mean that this website is responsible for its authenticity. If you have any questions or doubts about the content of this manuscript, please contact Truck House immediately, and this website will give you a quick response and handle it.

　　CCTV News:According to the website of China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, in order to further promote banking financial institutions to improve their credit management capabilities and financial service efficiency and support financial services to the real economy, China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission, China revised the credit management systems such as Interim Measures for the Management of Fixed Assets Loans, Interim Measures for the Management of Working Capital Loans, Interim Measures for the Management of Personal Loans and Guidelines for Project Financing (hereinafter referred to as "Three Measures and One Guidance"). The Measures for the Management of Fixed Assets Loans (Draft for Comment), the Measures for the Management of Working Capital Loans (Draft for Comment), the Measures for the Management of Personal Loans (Draft for Comment) and the Provisions for the Management of Project Financing Business (Draft for Comment) were formed, which were open to the public for comments, and the heads of relevant departments answered questions from reporters on the above systems.

　　1. What is the background of the revision of "three methods and one guideline"?

　　The implementation of "three methods and one guideline" for more than ten years has played an active role in improving the standardization and refinement of loan management of commercial banks, preventing and controlling credit risks and serving the real economy. In recent years, with the sustained development of China’s economy and society, new requirements have been put forward for financial services to the real economy, and some provisions in the "three methods and one guide" have also shown certain limitations and lag, which need to be updated and adjusted to better adapt to the current development trend of credit business. China Banking and Insurance Regulatory Commission revised the "three methods and one guideline" and the main problems existing in the implementation of related policies, which is conducive to further promoting banking financial institutions to improve their credit management capabilities and financial service efficiency and better serve the real economy.

　　2. What are the principles of this revision?

　　This revision follows the principles of problem-oriented, advancing with the times and risk-oriented. Focusing on improving the quality and efficiency of serving the real economy, focusing on effectively preventing and controlling financial risks, we will study and solve relevant problems that are more urgent in the market, and actively adjust the applicability and effectiveness of policies according to the new situation and changes in market development. At the same time, pay attention to scientifically grasping the pace of policy adjustment, strengthen the risk control mechanism, adhere to the requirements of prudence, and strike a balance between steady growth and risk prevention.

　　3. What are the main contents of this revision?

　　First, according to the actual credit business, moderately broaden the use and scope of working capital loans and fixed assets loans. The second is to further clarify the entrusted payment standards of different types of loans, optimize the management requirements of entrusted payment, and improve the effectiveness of entrusted payment execution. Third, according to new business scenarios, adjust business handling methods, support the application of big data and off-site technologies, and carry out loan investigation and management. Among them, for the working capital loans handled by small and micro enterprises, the on-site investigation can be simplified or stopped if it meets the relevant regulatory requirements. The above-mentioned small and micro enterprises include small and micro enterprises that obtain loan financing through supply chain finance business. Fourth, improve the flexibility and convenience of loan processing, further optimize the calculation requirements of working capital loans, and increase the credit method to handle the related contents of fixed assets loans, so as to better meet the financing reality. The fifth is to clarify the loan term requirements, guide commercial banks to effectively prevent the risk of loan term mismatch and optimize the loan structure. Sixth, integrate other relevant credit management systems to improve the system’s systematicness.

　　IV. What adjustments have been made to the scope of loan use and loan object in this revision?

　　The Measures for the Administration of Fixed Assets Loans (Draft for Comment) clarifies that fixed assets loans refer to local and foreign currency loans issued by legal persons or unincorporated organizations for borrowers’ fixed assets investment. Investment in fixed assets refers to the construction, purchase and transformation of fixed assets by borrowers in the course of business. At the same time, loans for intellectual property research and development projects such as patent rights can be implemented with reference to these measures.

　　The Measures for the Administration of Working Capital Loans (Draft for Comment) clarifies that working capital loans refer to local and foreign currency loans issued by lenders to legal or non-legal organizations for the daily operation and turnover of borrowers. Working capital loans shall not be used for shareholders’ dividends, financial assets, fixed assets, equity and other investments, and shall not be used in fields and uses prohibited by the state from production and operation.

　　V. What adjustments have been made to the relevant requirements for entrusted payment of loans in this revision?

　　For fixed assets loans, if it is clear that the single payment amount to a transaction object of the borrower exceeds RMB 5 million, the entrusted payment method should be adopted, and the time limit for entrusted payment should be relaxed to ten days under relevant special circumstances. For working capital loans, if the payment object is specified clearly and the single payment amount to a transaction object of the borrower exceeds 10 million yuan, the entrusted payment method should be adopted. In the case of the borrower’s emergency use of funds, the lender is allowed to appropriately simplify the materials and procedures for pre-certification of entrusted payment and review them afterwards. For personal loans, personal consumption loans with a single withdrawal amount of more than 300,000 yuan, and personal business loans with a single withdrawal amount of more than 500,000 yuan, the entrusted payment method should be adopted.

　　Commercial banks may, according to the needs of risk control, set stricter standards on the basis of the relevant standards for entrusted payment. The entrusted and independent payment accounts in the regulations are all bank accounts.

　　VI. What are the requirements for the prevention and control of misappropriation of loan funds in this revision?

　　First, the lender should agree with the borrower in the contract that the borrower should bear the liability for breach of contract when the borrower fails to use the loan according to the agreed purpose, such as personal business loan being misappropriated in the real estate field, and the measures that the lender can take to recover the loan in advance, adjust the loan payment method, reduce the credit line, stop or suspend the loan issuance, and investigate the corresponding legal responsibilities. Second, lenders should improve the payment control system of loan funds, strengthen the application of financial technology, and effectively supervise the use of loan funds according to the agreed purposes. If it is found that the borrower misappropriates the loan funds, it shall take corresponding measures to control it in accordance with the contract.

　　7. What are the clear provisions on the loan term in this revision?

　　In order to fill the gap in the system of loan term, effectively prevent the risks caused by the mismatch of loan term and further optimize the loan structure, this revision makes it clear that the term of working capital loan shall not exceed 3 years. In principle, the loan period of fixed assets shall not exceed 10 years. If the loan period exceeds 10 years, the head office shall be responsible for examination and approval, and the banks whose business scope is nationwide may authorize tier-one branches for examination and approval. The term of personal consumption loans shall not exceed 5 years, the term of personal business loans shall generally not exceed 5 years, and the longest recovery period of business cash flow corresponding to the loan purpose shall not exceed 10 years.

　　Where the relevant state departments have other provisions on the loan term of real estate loans, individual housing loans and individual student loans, the relevant provisions shall continue to be implemented.

　　8. What adjustments have been made to the calculation requirements of working capital loans in this revision?

　　Considering that different types of working capital borrowers are quite different and their actual needs are different, this revision pays more attention to the flexibility of working capital loans and supports commercial banks to actively play their subjective initiative. The Measures for the Administration of Working Capital Loans (Draft for Comment) clearly states that the lender should calculate the working capital demand of the borrower according to its business scale, business characteristics, accounts receivable, inventory, accounts payable, capital cycle and other factors, and an example of calculation method is attached for reference. At the same time, the provisions that "lenders should formulate effective calculation methods for different types of borrowers according to actual needs" and "for small and micro enterprise borrowers, lenders can analyze and judge borrowers’ working capital needs by other means" have been added.

　　9. Does the "written form" stipulated in the relevant provisions of "Three Measures and One Guidance" refer to the paper version?

　　According to Article 469 of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC), a qualified "data message" is regarded as a written form. The relevant requirements of "three methods and one provision" on "written form" shall comply with the provisions of the Civil Code of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

　　X. How to apply the relevant provisions of the Measures for the Administration of Working Capital Loans (Draft for Comment) and the Measures for the Administration of Personal Loans (Draft for Comment) in handling Internet loans?

　　According to the provisions of Article 45 of the Measures for the Administration of Working Capital Loans (Draft for Comment) and Article 48 of the Measures for the Administration of Personal Loans (Draft for Comment), the working capital loans and personal loans that meet the relevant provisions of the Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Loans of Commercial Banks shall be handled. If there are other provisions in the Interim Measures for the Administration of Internet Loans of Commercial Banks, those provisions shall prevail.

　　On the evening of November 12, the Health and Health Committee of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia and the Health and Health Committee of Chaoyang District in Beijing jointly announced that on November 12, two people in Sunite Zuoqi of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia were diagnosed as confirmed cases of pneumonic plague through expert consultation. At present, the patient has been properly treated in relevant medical institutions in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and relevant prevention and control measures have been implemented. According to Health News, an industry newspaper in charge of National Health Commission, National Health Commission Emergency Office has arranged state-level experts to go to Inner Mongolia to guide the local tracing work and find out the source of infection and the route of transmission.

　　Once the news was released, it caused widespread concern. Many citizens are worried: if there are mice at home, will they be infected with plague? The Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention answered this question on the official WeChat WeChat official account: If you are not in an epidemic area, there is generally little risk of infection, so citizens need not worry too much.

　　There are no follow-up cases at present.

　　"In addition to these two patients, there are no follow-up cases." Feng Zijian, deputy director of China CDC, told the media.

　　Plague is a severe infectious disease, which is a special zoonotic disease in which rodents and fleas transmit Yersinia pestis to humans and animals. In China, plague is a Class A infectious disease stipulated in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (there are only two Class A infectious diseases in China, and the other is cholera).

　　The incubation period of plague is generally 1 to 6 days, and individual cases can reach 8 to 9 days. After being infected with Yersinia pestis, it can be clinically manifested as bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and septicemia plague. Bubonic plague is the most common, which usually manifests as fever and local lymph node enlargement, and the cure rate is high; Pneumonic plague is often characterized by high fever, cough, chest tightness, dyspnea and hemoptysis. Due to the urgent onset, the disease progresses rapidly, and if it is not treated in time, the mortality rate is high. The symptoms of septicemia plague are also serious and the prognosis is poor.

　　The host animals carrying Yersinia pestis are mainly rodents such as rats and marmots. In the north of China, Citellus and Marmota are the main species, while Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus are the main species in the south. Beijing is not a natural focus, and Yersinia pestis does not exist in the natural environment and rodents.

　　Plague cases are very rare

　　In history, there have been three worldwide pandemics of plague, which was once called the "Black Death", causing serious losses to human life and health. Before the founding of New China, the plague epidemic in China was also very serious. After the founding of New China, the Chinese government attached great importance to the prevention and control of plague, and the number of cases dropped significantly. At present, plague is very rare in China, but it has not disappeared. There are cases of plague in Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia.

　　In Guangdong, from 1866 to 1952, plague was prevalent for 87 years, affecting 69 counties in the whole province (including Hainan Island and Beihai and Qinzhou, which are now Guangxi), with more than 486,000 deaths. Since 1953, no plague cases have been reported in Guangdong province, and great achievements have been made in plague prevention and control, and it has been resting for more than 66 years by 2019. However, with the increasing frequency of tourism and business exchanges, there is still the risk of imported cases.

　　The general risk of infection is not great.

　　However, the public need not panic. Plague is an ancient bacterial infectious disease and can be treated with a variety of effective antibiotics in clinic. If patients can see a doctor early and get standardized and effective treatment, the cure rate is very high. Suspicious contacts can also avoid getting sick by taking preventive medicine.

　　Many citizens are worried that if there are rats in my house, will they be infected with the plague? In fact, mice usually need rat fleas as a medium to infect humans, and direct contact with infected mice also has the opportunity to be infected. If you are not in an epidemic area, the risk of infection is generally small, so don’t worry too much. However, if there are more mice in the house, it will cause some other diseases such as epidemic hemorrhagic fever. It is suggested to do indoor hygiene and eliminate mice.

　　In addition, if citizens suddenly develop fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes or dyspnea, cough and/or bloody sputum, they should seek medical treatment immediately (people who have traveled in plague-endemic areas should inform medical staff of their travel history). Self-medication, including the use of antibiotics, should be avoided unless diagnosed by medical personnel.

　　interlinkage

　　1. What are the main routes of transmission?

　　The main transmission routes of plague include vector transmission, contact transmission and droplet transmission. In natural foci, vector transmission is the most important mode of transmission, and fleas are the main media for spreading plague. Fleas parasitic on infected animals can cause human infection after being infected with plague bacteria and then biting people. Contact transmission refers to the infection caused by bacteria entering the body through skin surface wounds or mucous membranes when people come into contact with infected animals during slaughter, skinning and meat eating, or when they come into contact with excreta and secretions of plague patients. In addition, the respiratory secretions of patients with pneumonic plague contain a large number of Yersinia pestis, and the germs released by patients during breathing and coughing can form droplets and suspend in the air for a short time, which can also cause infection when others inhale.

　　2. How to do personal protection?

　　Good personal hygiene habits are the most effective measures to prevent various infectious diseases, including plague. At present, Beijing residents don’t need to take special personal protective measures, but they should maintain good personal hygiene habits, such as washing their hands frequently, trying to avoid going to crowded places, and wearing masks in time when going to medical institutions or individuals with fever, cough and other related symptoms.

　　If you suspect that you have had contact with the case, you can go to self-observation, or take the initiative to report to the local disease control department and get professional guidance. Once you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you should seek medical advice in time.

　　When traveling, minimize contact with wild animals, do not tease marmots with unknown health, prevent flea bites, reduce body exposure by using repellent, avoid being bitten by fleas, and do not hunt and eat wild animals without permission. (Yangcheng Evening News reporter Fu Changfeng Xixi correspondent Yue Kangxin)