□ Our reporter Zhang Shoukun

　　□ Intern of this newspaper Chen Haozheng

　　"If we had known that the hotel used so many prepared dishes, we would definitely not have booked this one. We felt that there was no grade, and we were even more afraid that the guests would think that we were insincere."

　　Not long ago, in order to leave an unforgettable wedding banquet for relatives and friends in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, a couple specially chose a well-known hotel in the city and ordered an expensive banquet package. However, after the wedding banquet, the couple were quietly told by their relatives and friends that the wedding banquet was not cost-effective, and 70% of the 16 dishes were prepared.

　　After the couple posted "Tucao" on the Internet, it immediately aroused the resonance of many netizens: "I know that prefabricated dishes are popular now, but I didn’t expect that wedding banquets that cost a lot of money are mostly prefabricated dishes." Some people even sneered: "You don’t need to recruit a cook in the future. Going to a restaurant to eat is all prefabricated dishes. Just heat it yourself."

　　Prefabricated dishes, with the advantages and characteristics of convenient cooking and fast meals, conform to the fast-paced life at present, and are also deeply loved by some young people. In recent years, the prefabricated vegetable market has developed rapidly. Relevant data show that the number of registered prefabricated vegetable enterprises in China has reached 62,000. Recently, the "Measures on Restoring and Expanding Consumption" issued by the relevant state ministries and commissions mentioned that "tapping the potential of prefabricated vegetable market and accelerating the construction of prefabricated vegetable bases".

　　At the same time of market expansion, there are many disputes about prefabricated dishes. A recent survey by the reporter of Rule of Law Daily found that many consumers said that they didn’t want to order prefabricated dishes when they went out to eat, and some restaurants didn’t explicitly tell them when they used prefabricated dishes. Problems such as poor quality of prefabricated dishes have also caused frequent vomiting.

　　The experts interviewed said that there is a lack of national standards and definitions for prefabricated dishes, and there is also a lack of supervision over their quality. The extensive use of prefabricated vegetables has its positive significance, but consumers should be clearly informed and their right to know and choose should be respected.

　　Online and offline prefabricated dishes are popular.

　　Food safety issues cause concern.

　　"Your 1: 1 rice is ready, please enjoy your meal. Two months ago, you cooked a fried tofu roast meat, put it in boiling water and heat it for a few minutes, then you can cook it. The cost of 5 yuan takeaway is 15 yuan, and the color is bright and the soup is delicious. Such a prefabricated dish takeaway is ready. " This is a picture in a short video about the production of prefabricated dishes.

　　The reporter found that prefabricated dishes have penetrated into many hotels online and offline.

　　The reporter searched on the e-commerce platform with "cooking bag" as the key word, and you can see many pre-cooked food stores with accumulated sales of thousands. After conversion, the average price of a cooking bag is 5 yuan, ranging from "Brazilian barbecue" to "Wanzhou grilled fish" and "spicy cod". Many of these stores will directly indicate "for take-out" or "the same catering/take-out", and many stores will put up "merchant purchase links". As long as they provide store photos and business licenses, they can choose 5 or 10 packages for free.

　　The customer service of a store told the reporter that every day, it receives consultations from dozens of take-away stores, and its store promotion page reads "cumulative supply of 8 million+"to take-away platform merchants.

　　According to the data of China Chain Store & Franchise Association, at present, the biggest downstream demand of the prefabricated vegetable industry comes from catering enterprises, accounting for 80%. Snack fast food restaurants, chain stores, food and beverage outlets that focus on take-out, rural kitchens, group dining halls, etc. are the main scenarios for the application of prefabricated dishes. Among them, some head chain catering enterprises have a high proportion of prefabricated dishes, and more than 80% of the dishes in some restaurants are prefabricated dishes.

　　According to the data released by the third-party survey organization, the scale of prefabricated vegetable market in China reached 419.6 billion yuan in 2022, up by 21.3% year-on-year, and it is estimated that the scale of prefabricated vegetable market will exceed 1 trillion yuan in 2026.

　　Yi Zhu, an associate professor at the College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering of China Agricultural University, told the reporter that the healthy and orderly development of the prefabricated vegetable industry can meet the convenient, fast and safe needs of consumers, and also promote the iterative upgrading of breeding and food industries, and a number of prefabricated vegetable industrial bases with strong radiation will emerge to accelerate consumption upgrading.

　　With the rapid development of prefabricated vegetable market, many consumers have also expressed their worries and dissatisfaction. During the interview, many consumers said that when they went to a restaurant, they just wanted to eat something fresh and cooked by the chef. As a result, some restaurants used prefabricated dishes, which "lost a little feeling". "It used to be said that it was unhealthy to eat overnight food, but now it is healthy to eat dishes cooked a few months ago." "I don’t understand why even the canteen needs cooking bags, and how can industrial food be cooked by hand?" Similar comments can be seen everywhere under the popular science of prefabricated dishes and short news videos.

　　The quality problems of prefabricated dishes exposed from time to time have also "added a fire" to consumers’ concerns. In February this year, Jiangsu Consumer Protection Committee released the "Survey Report on the Consumption of Prefabricated Vegetables", showing that over 80% of consumers said that when purchasing prefabricated vegetables, they encountered problems such as stale ingredients, spoiled dishes, damaged packaging and expired. Previously, some media exposed the production environment of a small and large-scale cooking bag manufacturer "Banggangxiang": the stained production room, the expired ingredients continued to be used, and the chicken that fell to the ground was directly thrown into the processing tank … …

　　During the interview, many consumers told reporters that many pre-cooked dishes were inconsistent in packaging and publicity. For example, the wrapping paper was painted with delicious braised pork with fat and thin, and it turned out to be starch products after being bought and opened. Some prefabricated dishes are still short of weight, and even merchants use prefabricated dishes to pretend to be fresh cooking.

　　Zheng Fengtian, a professor at the School of Agriculture and Rural Development of Renmin University of China, said that at present, there is no national standard for pre-cooked dishes, and some provinces have plans to formulate standards for pre-cooked dishes. However, how many types of pre-cooked dishes are classified is also a difficult problem. Whether semi-finished dishes, pre-cooked dishes and central kitchen supplies can all be classified into pre-cooked dishes is still controversial.

　　Experts interviewed believe that the lack of standard system has become a key issue affecting the development of prefabricated dishes. Due to the lack of uniform implementation standards, the quality of prefabricated dishes in the market is mixed, and the tastes of dishes produced by different manufacturers are quite different, which has given birth to many pain points that plague the development of the industry, such as difficult quality assurance, unclear labeling and large price difference. Take pickled fish as an example, some manufacturers implement the national standard of animal aquatic products, while others implement the standard of quick-frozen prepared food.

　　The merchant does not express the usage.

　　Infringe on the legitimate rights and interests of consumers

　　Not long ago, when Mr. Zhang was eating in a hotel in Qingdao, Shandong Province, he found that some dishes tasted different from what he had eaten before. After understanding, he found that the ingredients were prefabricated dishes. In this regard, the staff explained that the prefabricated dishes are convenient and quick, and they can be eaten when cooked. The quality is definitely no problem, which can meet the needs of guests to eat in a relatively short time, and the taste is not much different. Regarding Mr. Zhang’s query that "prepared vegetables are less nutritious than fresh vegetables", the staff member faltered, "There should be little difference."

　　"I didn’t expect such a big hotel to use prefabricated dishes, and it didn’t tell consumers. If you don’t ask, don’t say it." Mr. Zhang said that he could not understand this.

　　It’s nothing new that prefabricated dishes enter the hotel. During the interview, many consumers expressed their dissatisfaction with the practice of using prefabricated dishes in the hotel without explicitly telling them. Mr. Zhao, an office worker from Taian, Shandong Province, said: "I have no problem with prefabricated dishes, but the hotel should at least tell me that it provides prefabricated dishes."

　　To confirm the above statement, the reporter recently visited 30 hotels, take-away shops and supermarkets in Beijing and Tianjin, and inquired about the online take-away platform. Except for a supermarket in Hedong District, Tianjin, the cashier’s publicity page reads "Today’s specials are kung pao chicken and 9.9 yuan, and the prepared dishes are not made on the spot", no one has voluntarily informed or indicated that they are using prepared dishes.

　　At the end of August, the reporter went to a Chinese fast food chain in a shopping mall in Beijing. At that time, it was lunch time, and the store was packed. The takeaway window also waited for many takeaway brothers who took meals. But the reporter found that only one clerk in the kitchen was busy.

　　"How long will it take to order now?" In the face of a reporter’s inquiry, the staff of the ordering desk replied that it can be made in 5 minutes if you place an order now.

　　"With so many people eating, there is only one person in the kitchen, and the speed of serving can be guaranteed. Did you use prefabricated dishes?" In the face of questions, the clerk was silent for a while and did not give a positive answer. He just told reporters that the chicken chops with honey sauce were fried and the braised pork was "done" before.

　　Other restaurants visited, faced with the reporter’s question about whether they used prefabricated dishes, only the clerk of a small bowl restaurant replied that "some dishes are prefabricated dishes", while other stores ignored him. For example, a grilled fish shop did not give an answer whether it was a prepared dish or not, only that the fish and boiled meat slices in the shop were "distributed". In a rice noodle shop, the clerk told reporters that the braised chicken is semi-processed and the chicken pieces are cooked in advance.

　　Some merchants revealed to reporters that although they used prefabricated dishes, they did not dare to publicize them, because some consumers did not have high recognition of prefabricated dishes and felt that they were not fresh and nutritious, and the prefabricated dish industry did have many problems in the rapid development process in recent years, which had a certain negative impact on catering stores.

　　Should businesses inform consumers when they use prefabricated dishes?

　　Lei fu, director of the Management Committee of Beijing Yingke (Hefei) Law Firm, believes that customers have reasonable expectations for the dishes they choose, hoping for value for money, which is also the service standard that businesses and consumers should have in their contracts. Because prefabricated dishes are the product of Chinese food industrialization, the cost is much lower than that of frying and cooking now, which will aggravate the violation of consumers’ right to know and choose. If restaurants and take-away shops use prefabricated dishes, they should fulfill their obligation of informing and reminding, and guests can choose to consume or not.

　　According to Xiaojuan Zhu, director and deputy secretary-general of china law society Commercial Law Research Association, there is a difference in the cost of pre-cooked dishes and ready-made dishes, and restaurants can set prices separately, giving consumers more choices.

　　"Operators should provide real information about prepared dishes, and cannot mislead consumers through false and exaggerated propaganda. The amount of prefabricated dishes provided by operators should also be consistent with the marked quantity, and it is not allowed to cut corners and be short of weight, otherwise it will be suspected of infringing consumers’ fair trading rights. " Chen Yinjiang, deputy secretary general of china law society Consumer Protection Law Research Association, said.

　　Make standards and fulfill the obligation to inform.

　　Strengthen the management and supervision of prefabricated vegetables

　　The reporter found out that although there is no national standard for prefabricated dishes at present, since 2022, many provinces and cities have introduced relevant standards and specifications for prefabricated dishes. In April, 2022, Jiangsu Catering Industry Association issued the group standard "Standard for Quality Evaluation of Precast Dishes"; In November 2022, Chongqing Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued the "Twenty Articles on Implementing the Main Responsibility of Food Safety" for the production and operation of prefabricated vegetables; In January this year, the Shanghai Municipal Market Supervision Administration issued the "Examination Plan for the Production License of Shanghai Prefabricated Vegetables" to explore and standardize the food safety of prefabricated vegetables.

　　The national level also attaches great importance to the development of prefabricated dishes. In 2023, the No.1 Document of the Central Committee clearly stated that "the standardization and standardization level of clean vegetables, central kitchens and other industries should be improved. Cultivate and develop the prefabricated vegetable industry. " On July 31st, the State Council forwarded the Notice of National Development and Reform Commission on Measures to Restore and Expand Consumption, specifically proposing to expand the consumption of catering services, cultivate the mode of "breeding base+central kitchen+cold chain logistics+catering stores", and tap the potential of prefabricated vegetable market.

　　Recently, through the coordination and docking between Shandong Provincial Market Supervision Administration and State Administration of Market Supervision, two items of "prefabricated vegetable processing" and "prefabricated vegetable sales" have been added to the standardized management system of business scope. On August 3, the person in charge of Liaocheng Fudelin Catering Management Co., Ltd. in Shandong Province took over the first business license of the city’s business scope of "prefabricated vegetable processing" and "prefabricated vegetable sales" from the staff.

　　In Chen Yinjiang’s view, the standard system of pre-cooked dishes has not been established before, nor has it been included in the scope of special food business projects. Generally, as long as you have a catering service license or a food business license, you can engage in related business activities. Including "pre-cooked dish processing" and "pre-cooked dish sales" in the special business scope can promote the establishment and improvement of the standard system of pre-cooked dishes in the future and promote the standardized and high-quality development of the industry.

　　Experts interviewed by reporters believe that for prefabricated vegetable enterprises, delicious food determines how high it can go, and safety determines how far it can go.

　　Sun Juanjuan, a researcher at the Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Safety Governance of Renmin University of China, believes that the pre-cooked food for consumers is prepackaged foods, and the compliance management of producers and operators needs to pay attention to the legal compliance of identification information, including not misleading consumers in principle, but also specific information identification requirements such as name, ingredients and date. It is worth mentioning that the intuition of logo information makes logo non-compliance an important object of consumer rights protection. Especially, the producers and operators of pre-cooked vegetables who change from B2B (business-to-business) to B2C (enterprises provide goods or services directly to consumers) should pay attention to the compliance challenges brought by the scene change.

　　"Consumers can actively choose prefabricated dishes in the B2C scenario and passively consume prefabricated dishes in the B2B scenario. The latter’s informed choice has triggered disputes on the protection of consumers’ rights and interests. The transparency of supply chain has attracted increasing attention. In addition to food safety, consumers also pay attention to their consumption content from other dimensions such as economic benefits, including food production methods. Facing the competition brought by catering industrialization, handmade production still has its own existence scene. Information disclosure is undoubtedly a prerequisite for meeting consumers’ different expectations and making informed choices. " Sun Juanjuan said.

　　Lei fu said that the emergence of a new thing will inevitably lead to changes in the upstream and downstream industries, and it is essential to formulate industry standards and standardize guidance. The development of prefabricated vegetables needs to be controlled from the source. Production must have a food production license, transportation and storage also need synchronous supervision, storage conditions and transportation equipment standards need to be updated simultaneously for catering sales, and sellers who send them to consumers’ tables also need corresponding licenses.

　　In Xiaojuan Zhu’s view, the relevant state departments should formulate and promulgate specific standards for prepared dishes, including raw material standards and finished product standards; Pre-cooked vegetable production enterprises should fulfill the responsibilities of producers and operators, produce standard and healthy products, and indicate raw materials and cooking methods; Trade associations should also formulate trade rules to advocate prefabricated vegetable enterprises to actively fulfill their social responsibilities and establish a good social image.

　　"The relevant regulatory authorities should implement the supervision, not only strengthen the daily supervision and inspection, but also carry out targeted special supervision and inspection for the problems that consumers reflect more intensively and prominently, and crack down on violations of laws and regulations or damage to consumers’ rights and interests according to law." Chen Yinjiang suggested.　

[Text/Observer Network Wang Shichun]

According to a report by the Tass news agency on December 24th, on December 24th, the first Russian Su -57 fighter made by Gagarin Factory in Gongqingcheng, amur river crashed during a flight test in Khabarovsk Krai, and the pilot on board parachuted to escape, and was later rescued by a Mi -8 search and rescue helicopter.

According to sources, this Su -57 fighter is the first "mass production" Su -57 fighter, which was originally scheduled to be delivered to the troops on the 27th. This is the first time that the Russian Su -57 fighter plane crashed since its first flight in 2010.

In November, the first Russian aircraft being assembled at the Gongqingcheng factory.short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname-57 "mass production" fighter, this may be the photo of this plane. Source: Red Star TV.

A spokesman for the Russian authorities said that the accident occurred 120 kilometers away from the Zemji Air Force Base. This Su -57 is not owned by the military, but belongs to amur river Gongqingcheng Gagarin Factory. Russia’s United Aviation Manufacturing Group reported that the accident did not cause casualties and damage on the ground. At present, the plane’s black box is still being searched.

Informed sources revealed to the satellite news agency that the Su -57, the fifth-generation fighter plane that crashed in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia on the 24th, was the first mass-produced aircraft originally scheduled to be delivered to the Russian army on December 27th. The source said: "This is the first mass-produced Su -57, which was originally planned to be delivered on the 27th of this month.

At present, the prototypes of all six Su -57 fighters are deployed at the National Flight Test Center in astrakhan, andGongqingcheng Aircraft Factory was previously assembling and producing the first batch of "mass production" Su -57 fighters.According to the plan of the Russian Air Force, the Russian Air Force will receive the first batch of Su -57 fighters at the end of this year.

On December 20th, according to the Tass news agency, the Chief of Staff of the Russian Federation Armed Forces announced on the 20th that the Russian Ministry of Defence had completed the second phase test of the fifth-generation multi-role fighter "Su -57" in Syria, during which all actual combat test tasks have been completed. At present, the Su -57 fighter has been mass-produced, and the first mass-production battle opportunity will be installed in the Russian army before the end of the year.

Military commentators of Observer Network believe that the crashed Su -57 fighter may be the first mass-produced Su -57 fighter of the Russian army. In the program of Red Star TV in November, Russia exposed the Su -57 fighters that Gongqingcheng Factory is entering the "mass production stage". From the video released by Red Star TV, only one Su -57 fighter is in a relatively high completion state, and other Su-57s are in the process of assembly, so it is difficult to reach the test flight state within one month. Considering that there are only a few days before the end of the year, the Su -57 that crashed in Russia this time is probably the plane that was mirrored on the Red Star Platform a few months ago.

Photo: November 8diurnal"mass production type"short for Suzhou/short for Jiangsu Province/short of the Soviet Union/a surname–fivesevenopportunity for combat

Su -57′ s experience in recent years can be described as "twists and turns". The Russian army signed the Su -57 supply contract during the "Army -2018" forum, but the number is only two. These two aircraft will join the Russian army at the end of 2019.

However, with Putin’s visit to Su -57, things changed. On May 14th this year, six Su-57s escorted Putin’s special plane to astrakhan National Flight Test Center. Putin then visited Su-57s, Dagger air-launched hypersonic weapons, S-70 Okhotnik-B Hunter -B UAV and other weapons and equipment. The next day, Putin announced that he would purchase a total of 76 Su -57 fighters and advance the time for installing these fighters to 2028.

On June 29 this year, the Russian Ministry of National Defense signed a contract with United Aviation Manufacturing Group of Russia at the "Army -2019" International Military Technology Forum and purchased 76 Su -57 fighters. However, the only fighters expected to be delivered to the Russian Air Force this year are two Su-57s signed in "Army -2018".

Six Su-57sFighters escorted Putin’s special plane to the State of astrakhan.Home flight test center Source: Russian Air Force

As a fighter available for foreign trade, countries such as India and Turkey have considered purchasing Su -57 fighters this year. According to Sputnik’s report on July 19th, Birender Singh Dhanoa, chief of staff of the Indian Air Force, said in an interview with Red Star that after the fifth-generation fighter Su -57 was equipped with Russian troops and showed its value, India was willing to reconsider the joint research and development and procurement between India and Russia.

On August 28th, at the Moscow Air Show, Turkish President Erdogan visited the Su -57 fighter plane accompanied by Putin. When asked if he would buy Su -57 to deal with the United States stopping the delivery of F-35s, Erdogan said: "Why not? We don’t buy why we came to the air show. "

EldoAn visits the Su -57 fighter. Source: RT

This article is an exclusive manuscript of Observer. It cannot be reproduced without authorization.

Recently, Mercedes-Benz AMG ONE was officially unveiled. The new car uses a lot of F1-derived technologies, and its super-running style is extremely tense and its dynamic performance is strong. It is equipped with a 1.6T V6 engine and four front and rear motors, with an acceleration of 2.9 seconds.

The front face of the new car adopts a three-stage grille, the headlights are long and narrow, and the engine compartment has a large number of carbon fiber cover plates. The front fender on the side of the car body has an openable spoiler, and the wheel hub size is 20 inches in the back and 19 inches in the front. The tail with a large tail can be opened together with the front fender spoiler in track mode. The engine is located in the rear, with a carbon fiber cover plate above it, and the design of fin shape extends from the tail to the roof.

In terms of power, it is equipped with a 1.6T V6 engine and four front and rear motors, and two motors on the front axle provide power for the front wheels. Two motors at the back, one located in the turbocharger, can reduce the turbine lag, and at the same time, the generated exhaust gas can charge the battery; The other motor of the rear axle is connected with the engine, which can provide the maximum power of 120 kW and can also charge the battery when braking. The maximum comprehensive output horsepower of this power system reaches 1063 horsepower, with an acceleration of 2.9 seconds at zero hundred kilometers and 7 seconds at zero to two hundred kilometers, and the limit speed can reach 352 kilometers per hour. The new car is equipped with an 8.4kWh battery as energy storage.

What do you think of this car?

The so-called "gutter oil" generally refers to three kinds: old oil repeatedly fried, hogwash fat extracted from swill, and gutter oil extracted from floating oil in sewers. The refining processes of these three oils are similar: oil fishing, crude refining and refining, with little difficulty.

A technician from a famous edible oil manufacturer in Zhejiang said that any manufacturer of edible oil refining has the ability to mass produce "waste oil" without adding any equipment and technology.

There is no evidence in words, but the experiment proves it! From September 21st to 23rd, with the help of technicians, it took the reporter three days to refine about 250ml of golden yellow, clear and transparent gutter oil from a bucket of stinking and filthy floating oil.

The first step of the experiment: fishing for oil

The object of this experiment is floating oil in sewers, which is the so-called most authentic "gutter oil".

Oil fishing was carried out in the kitchen grease trap of a hotel in the city center on the morning of September 21st. The grease trap is under the manhole cover beside the kitchen. According to the requirements of environmental protection, all catering enterprises need to build it.

The tool for fishing oil is very simple, an oil drum and a digging rod. The front end of the digging rod is an aluminum bowl, and there are several small holes in the bottom of the bowl, which can filter water and leave oil.

When the manhole cover is opened, the gray-black floating objects exude a stench. Under the stirring of the pole, a few beans can be seen from time to time in the corroded garbage, which proves that they really come from the kitchen.

The second step of the experiment: rough refining

The reporter found an abandoned brick house in Yuhang, built a primitive stove with three bricks, set up an asphalt bucket, poured in a big bucket of waste oil raw materials, ignited and refined.

The fire burned for about twenty minutes, and the liquid in the oil drum boiled completely. The originally turbid liquid gradually became clear, and a thick layer of oil was floating after skimming the surface impurities.

Put it out, and after cooling, pick up the grease on it. These oils are the newly processed gutter oil, which is dark red, looks like old oil and stinks.

The third step of the experiment: refining

After rough refining, the waste oil can’t be put on the table, but also impurities, sediments, decoloration and deodorization should be separated. This time, the method of fine processing of edible oil was fully referenced.

We took 5 liters of crude cooking oil boiled by indigenous method as raw material of crude oil and sent it to a famous large edible oil manufacturer in Zhejiang. Factory technicians Xiao Jing and Xiao Zou (a pseudonym) clearly stated that these crude oil raw materials can be completely refined on their production lines.

"The alkali refining, water washing, decoloration and deodorization of waste oil are exactly the same as the fine processing of edible oil, but the deodorization link is not perfect in the laboratory."

Because it is extracted from the corrupt and acidified floating oil, gutter oil contains a lot of acidic substances, which can only be neutralized by adding alkali, that is, alkali refining.

After adding alkali, the waste oil quickly became turbid, from deep red to yellow similar to milk tea. After stirring, many white coagulants appeared.

"White coagulum is soap feet, which is a good raw material for making soap." Xiao Zou said.

After alkali refining, it is washed with water. The purpose is to accelerate the separation of oil and soapstock. It is very simple to add 10% salt water.

When it was placed in the early morning of the next day, the separation of oil and soap was completed. At this time, although the sour smell was reduced a lot, the color of the gutter oil was still dark red and opaque.

Decolorization is the most critical step in refining waste oil. This requires activated clay, which is an odorless, tasteless and nontoxic adsorbent.

Adding activated clay into the dark red oil in proportion, fully stirring, and turning the whole bottle of oil into black; Let it stand for 30 minutes at the temperature of 110℃-120℃, and then filter out the white clay, and a miracle will appear.

The original dark red and opaque gutter oil has become golden in color, clear and transparent; The tasteless clay, after filtering out, became black and smelled sour.

The last step of refining is deodorization.

Deodorization is also the last step of normal edible oil finishing. After this processing, the oil becomes completely odorless, but it needs to be carried out in a vacuum environment and cannot be operated in the laboratory.

Xiaojing took out a bottle of edible essence, dropped three or four drops into the gutter oil, and smelled it again, and it had no sour smell.

"If I add peanut essence, it smells like peanut oil." Xiaojing said.

Conference site

　　Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenliang) On January 15th, the State Council Office held a press conference. Chen Yulu, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, introduced that in 2020, the People’s Bank of China will comprehensively track the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development situation, and flexibly grasp the strength, rhythm and focus of monetary policy regulation and control, thus creating a stable and suitable monetary and financial environment for the epidemic prevention and control, "six stabilities" and "six guarantees".

　　Chen Yulu said that on January 12th, the People’s Bank of China released the Report on Financial Statistics in 2020. The data shows that in 2020, China’s major financial indicators are running in line with expectations, and the financial system is running smoothly.

　　First, the growth of money and credit basically achieved the annual target. At the end of 2020, the broad money supply (M2) increased by 10.1% year-on-year, 1.4 percentage points higher than the end of last year; RMB loans increased by 19.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.8 trillion yuan over the previous year; The stock of social financing scale increased by 13.3% year-on-year, 2.6 percentage points higher than the end of last year. From the perspective of the whole year, the People’s Bank of China has provided 1.75 trillion yuan of long-term liquidity for the real economy by reducing the deposit reserve ratio three times. The People’s Bank of China has launched more than 9 trillion yuan of monetary policy support measures, ensuring the policy goal of "moderate monetary aggregate and reasonable liquidity".

　　Second, the credit structure was optimized, loans from manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises continued to exert their strength, and financial support for key areas of the real economy increased. In 2020, the balance of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry increased by 35.2%, 20.3 percentage points higher than the previous year, and the growth rate has been rising for 14 consecutive months. Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans increased by 30.3%, 7.2 percentage points higher than the previous year. At the same time, the effect of real estate control policies has been gradually released, and the growth rate of real estate loan balance has dropped for 29 consecutive months.

　　Third, we continued to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, and the financing cost of the real economy dropped significantly. In 2020, the interest rate marketization reform continued to advance, the conversion of the pricing benchmark of existing floating interest rate loans was successfully completed as scheduled, the dividend of interest rate reform continued to be released, the transmission efficiency of monetary policy was enhanced, and the interest rate of corporate loans was significantly reduced. At the end of 2020, the weighted average interest rate of corporate loans nationwide was 4.61%, down by 0.51 percentage point from the end of last year, the lowest level since statistics were available in 2015. At the same time, the financial system did everything possible to reduce the financing costs of enterprises and successfully achieved the goal of making profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy.

　　Fourth, the financial support for the "three major battles" has achieved remarkable results. In 2020, the battle to prevent and resolve financial risks has achieved important milestones. P2P platforms have all been cleared, various high-risk financial institutions have been disposed of in an orderly manner, the scale of shadow banking has been reduced, the risks of asset management products have obviously converged, and the nesting of inter-bank associations has been continuously reduced. At the same time, the People’s Bank of China resolutely supports winning the battle against poverty. In the past five years, the poverty-stricken population and industrial precision poverty alleviation loans have accumulated more than 6.5 trillion yuan, benefiting more than 90 million poor people and helping all poverty-stricken counties to remove their hats. In recent years, the People’s Bank of China has supported green development and ecological civilization construction through green finance, which has been widely praised by the international community. At present, the balance of green credit in China ranks first in the world, and the stock scale of green bonds ranks second in the world.

　　In 2020, in order to help China’s real economy, especially small and micro enterprises, reduce the serious impact and impact of the epidemic, the People’s Bank of China will also guide the financial system to make profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy through measures such as lowering interest rates, reducing fees, and delaying the repayment of principal and interest.

　　At the same time, four policies and measures have been introduced to support the financing and stable development of small and micro enterprises: First, two monetary policy tools that go directly to the real economy have been innovated, and the central bank’s funds have been used to encourage banks to extend loans to small and micro enterprises, so as to substantially increase the supply of credit loans. The second is to increase inclusive policy support for small and micro enterprises in key areas. The third is to improve the financial service capabilities of commercial banks’ own small and micro enterprises. The fourth is to give play to the policy synergy of "several promotion" and improve monetary, regulatory, fiscal and taxation and external policy incentives. Last year, the financing of small and micro enterprises achieved remarkable results of "volume increase, price decrease and area expansion". By the end of the year, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprises was 15.1 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 30%. In 2020, 32.28 million business entities were supported, an increase of 5.24 million over the previous year.

　　Chen Yulu said that in 2021, a prudent monetary policy will be more flexible, accurate, reasonable and moderate, and will continue to maintain the necessary support for economic recovery.

In Langlujiayuan Community, Nanshan District, the staff of the garbage removal company are sorting and collecting garbage and transporting it to professional places for further treatment. Shenzhen Special Zone Daily reporter Jong Li correspondent Chen Jiashe

Original title: One-point garbage disposal saves major events. Professionals say that garbage sorting can save a lot of costs from transportation to terminal treatment.

Shenzhen Special Zone News August 17, 2019 Recently, this newspaper reported four modern environmental protection power plants in Shenzhen, which aroused widespread concern in society. Some citizens are wondering, since Shenzhen has such a large amount of garbage incineration and advanced technology, is it necessary to classify garbage? In interviews and surveys, professionals in garbage disposal emphasized that garbage disposal costs a lot, and the mixed garbage disposal process is more complicated. Garbage classification not only saves resources but also reduces the burden of garbage disposal. Only when everyone cares about garbage disposal and starts to do garbage sorting well can the dilemma of "garbage besieged city" be fundamentally alleviated and social spiritual civilization be promoted.

The road from the community to the terminal facilities is long.

The high cost of garbage disposal calls for classification.

The daily average domestic garbage removal in Shenzhen increased from 7.5 tons in 1979 to 19,000 tons in 2018, exceeding 2,500 times, with an annual growth rate of 6%, and with the rapid development of Shenzhen, the growth rate is still increasing year by year. It is understood that some landfills are designed to have a service life of up to ten years or even decades, but they can’t resist the growing amount of garbage. Some landfills are filled in advance and garbage incineration plants are overloaded.

The relevant person in charge of the Municipal Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau said that while building garbage disposal facilities, the amount of garbage has increased. For many years, Shenzhen garbage disposal facilities have encountered difficulties in site selection, landing and construction. Zhong Rigang, deputy general manager of Shenzhen Energy and Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., who is responsible for the construction and operation of four energy and ecological parks in our city, also believes that "building garbage disposal facilities will cost a lot, not only spending money, but also occupying social resources."

There is still a long journey from the community to the terminal treatment facilities. From the community, it will be transported to the garbage transfer station in the form of vehicle-mounted drums or vehicle-mounted bags, and then it will be reduced in water and compressed, and then it will be pulled to the garbage incineration power plant or sanitary landfill for final treatment by the garbage truck.

"Every link will generate costs. In order to prevent the impact on residents’ lives and the urban environment, in the transportation process, the garbage with odor is transported by special closed vehicles." Zhong Rigang believes that if citizens can reduce their sources at home, they will not use so many more expensive closed cars.

"Garbage came in and was destroyed? Garbage disposal is very complicated. " Zhong Rigang analyzed that if the garbage is not classified as mixed garbage, the treatment standard will be determined according to the most dangerous components, the treatment process is more complicated, and more environmental protection facilities and materials are invested. Despite the garbage disposal facilities, Zhong Rigang appealed that everyone is a garbage producer and should actively participate in garbage sorting, reduce garbage production at the source and share the pressure of garbage disposal. Sorted garbage is more convenient to transport and treat, and reduces the cost.

More than 100 enterprises participate in transportation processing.

Put an end to garbage before sorting and then mixing.

Large pieces of garbage, glass plastic paper, kitchen waste, waste lamps, waste batteries … The reporter saw in Langlujiayuan Community of Nanshan District that these classified garbage were collected and transported by vehicles with different logos and different enterprises. This scene is the normal state of garbage removal in the community that promotes garbage sorting in Shenzhen.

How to ensure classified transportation of classified garbage? Will the garbage that residents have worked hard to sort out be taken away by a car? Huang Zhibin, director of the comprehensive department of Shenzhen Municipal Domestic Waste Classification Management Affairs Center, said that the removal unit was invited by the district governments and had certain qualifications. All kinds of garbage were removed by different removal companies. According to the contract, the types of garbage cleaned by each removal company were different, and the mixed collection and transportation of garbage was eliminated from the system. Due to the different operation projects of enterprises, collecting garbage collected and transported by non-self enterprises will not generate benefits, and enterprises are not driven by interests.

It is reported that there are more than 10 enterprises responsible for the collection, transportation and treatment of waste furniture, waste battery lamps, waste glass plastic paper, annual oranges, waste fabrics, green garbage, fruit and vegetable garbage and kitchen garbage in Futian District, more than 20 enterprises in Luohu District, more than 50 enterprises in Baoan District and 10 enterprises in Longgang District, and more than 100 enterprises are responsible for the classified transportation, classified treatment and recycling of garbage in the city.

Remove the floor trash can before the end of the year.

Citizens need to go downstairs and throw garbage.

As early as 2015, Shenzhen began to fully implement garbage sorting. After the garbage is sorted, how to throw it away? In order to improve the participation rate and accuracy of residents, after repeated exploration, Shenzhen is now vigorously promoting the residential waste classification model of "centralized classified delivery+regular fixed-point supervision", that is, there is no trash can on the floor, and centralized classified delivery points are set downstairs. Arrange supervisors to conduct on-site supervision at the centralized waste sorting and dropping point in the community from 7: 00 to 9: 00 every night.

In the first half of 2019, the city built 805 residential areas with the mode of "centralized classified delivery+regular and fixed-point supervision", and implemented the classified delivery of kitchen waste at regular and fixed points (7: 00-9: 00 every night), and recruited party member, volunteers, enthusiastic residents and property managers as supervisors. At present, there are 2,671 supervisors in the city to conduct on-site supervision at 2,630 centralized delivery points in 805 communities, covering a total of 452,000 households and 1.53 million residents, and each centralized delivery point serves about 172 households on average.

According to the Municipal Urban Management and Comprehensive Law Enforcement Bureau, by the end of the year, this model will be extended to all 3,600 residential areas with property management in the city. This means that in many communities where garbage bins are placed on the floors, all these bins should be removed, and garbage sorting points should be set up again in the communities, and the garbage should be carried downstairs for sorting.

At present, Shenzhen is carrying out the action of removing barrels, and strives to completely remove the garbage bins on the residential floors before the end of this year. Although not every residential area has garbage bins on the floor, some residential areas have no garbage bins on the floor since they first moved in. It is necessary to change the habit of throwing garbage when they go out for many years, especially in high-rise residential buildings. Whether residents will adapt and support the withdrawal of buckets will test the relevant departments of the district and street. (Shenzhen Special Zone Daily reporter Lin Qingrong)

"Since the 1960s, the light industrial products produced in Shanghai have experienced unprecedented prosperity in the next 30 years, just like the sudden arrival of midsummer, the irresistible bright sun."

In the memory of Chen Danyan, a Shanghai writer, once all China sneakers were the best-looking warrior in Shanghai, all China butterscotch was the most fragrant white rabbit in Shanghai, and all China quilts and quilts were more respectable and solid in Shanghai. Gradually, Phoenix brand bicycles replaced British Blue Ridge bicycles, Butterfly brand sewing machines replaced American Singer sewing machines, and Shanghai brand films replaced European and American Aikefa and Kodak. A foreigner will take home all the daily necessities he bought in Shanghai. The travel bag he uses is light and strong, with the skyline of the Bund printed on it. The bag is also from Shanghai and is called "Shanghai Brand".

It is these local brands in Shanghai that jointly safeguarded the decency of Chinese people’s daily life in the last century. Now it’s been 30 years, what about those old brands in Shanghai? Since the second half of 2019, Chen Danyan has successively investigated the history and present situation of 40 old brands of light industry in Shanghai, and found that some of them have opened up a new world in line with the trend of the times, some have disappeared in the years, and some have struggled to make ends meet. As a supplement to the new edition of Shanghai in Chen Danyan, this part is presented in an independent chapter.

On February 25th, "What’s Shanghai like in Chen Danyan?" The sharing meeting will be held in the library. Looking at Chen Danyan’s "Shanghai brand all-steel watch", "Butterfly brand sewing machine", "Phoenix brand bicycle" and "Jinxing brand TV set" released in PPT, the readers were full of enthusiasm. Some of them are Shanghai natives, and they talk about what they saw when they were children. Some came from other places, saying that her parents had recalled the scene of shopping in Shanghai when they got married, and the couple specially came to Shanghai to buy a pair of Shanghai brand watches when she got married; Some were German students who came to China in the 1970s, and he still brings back several big bags of white rabbit toffee at the request of German relatives and friends. Others even suggested that Shanghai should set up a museum of light industrial products, and display all the old objects produced in Shanghai one by one, so as to jointly commemorate the time when materials were scarce but practical and romantic.

The life of an era

In fact, these 40 old brands can be found in Chen Danyan’s works. In Shanghai’s nonfiction trilogy (Shanghai’s romance, Shanghai’s golden branches and jade leaves, Shanghai’s legacy of beauty) and the Bund’s nonfiction trilogy (The Bund: Images and Legends, The Maze of Public Gardens, Becoming a Peace Hotel), Chen Danyan intentionally or unintentionally left many detailed and accurate information about objects.

For example, The Bund: Images and Legends published in 2008 wrote: "Her fiance bought a full set of high-quality household items in the Friendship Store for her family: Shanghai brand all-steel watch, Butterfly brand sewing machine, Phoenix brand bicycle and Venus brand TV set." Another example is: "Countless quilts with blue uniforms and red flowers are flying in the wind, and sometimes you can see the pure wool blanket of Phoenix brand, weaving a pattern of small flowers on all sides of a big flower group. That was the most conspicuous blanket of the year, because it was the blanket laid on the bed when Jinjiang Hotel received the President of the United States. "　

"When I first wrote these six books, I didn’t expect that one day, I would get to the bottom of these old Shanghai brands that appeared in the books. At that time, they were written in detail, mainly because they were non-fiction works and demanded more details than novels. When I did a good job of research and wrote a sentence of comments for them, I found that we could gain insight into the face of Shanghai living in that era. " Chen Danyan told The Paper that they are not only the material life of Shanghainese, but also the spirit of Shanghai.

In the process of investigation, she found Huang Mingxu, the former party secretary of Shanghai Pencil Factory No.2, to check the historical materials. Huang Mingxu is over the age of seventy, and he doesn’t know much about computers. However, he was very excited when he learned about Chen Danyan’s purpose, and told her that he would definitely help her, because no writer had ever asked him to know about the history of light industry in Shanghai-even though it was a glorious history.

Huang Mingxu is still the editor-in-chief of Shanghai Light Industry Chronicle, and he is in charge of tracing the history of Shanghai Light Industry.　

"Most of these old Shanghai brands emerged around the 1960s. At that time, everyone had a strong desire to contribute more to the construction of this country." Later, Chen Danyan discovered that there was an almost naive optimism, a kind of temperament of "let’s paddle" desperately. This spirit and temperament are shown in bright blue, red, yellow and changeable green. Especially for the use of green, grass green reminds people of the genuine trousers of teenagers in the 1970s, while gray green reminds people of the special green in the Shanghai Month brand.

"Shanghai is a city that maintains and respects daily life, but its spirit has always had the ideal of being one in the world and walking side by side with Britain and the United States." Chen Danyan said.

A simple and naive beauty

In Chen Danyan’s view, Shanghai’s light industrial products and handicrafts have actually provided a socialist city lifestyle in the long process of urbanization transformation in China. However, after the reform and opening up, the lifestyle brought by China’s own handicrafts and light industrial products, as well as people’s thinking and practice in daily life, gradually disappeared from the products provided by supermarkets and luxury goods markets all over the world.

Let’s talk about the "Shanghai bag" that is all the rage. With the gradual opening of the luggage market in 1990s, brands all over the world sold in Chinese mainland, and Shanghai brand bags were gradually discontinued. When Chen Danyan began to look for its trademark right, it found that "Shanghai Brand Bags" did not exist and could not register trademark patents. Later, she went to find its manufacturer, and also found the Shanghai Leather Luggage Factory, which was the most likely and should be the manufacturer in that year. But no one in the whole factory knew the production details, except that it was the planned economy era in Shanghai when this kind of bag was sold nationwide, and the Shanghai Light Industry Bureau sent orders to various factories in Shanghai for production, and the products were uniformly distributed and sold by the state.　

Many other old brands that have existed so far have also changed from the original "trendy benchmark" to "standard for middle-aged and elderly people". "At that time, the economic life was not developed, and the product first pursued practicality and durability, and then it was fashionable and beautiful." So she thought, is it possible to make those once popular products fashionable and beautiful, and make them become brands acceptable to everyone, especially young people?

In this way, Chen Danyan began his first attempt-redoing the bag printed with the word "Shanghai". In The Bund: Images and Legends, she once wrote about this kind of Shanghai brand bag: "The sketches of the skyline of the Bund buildings were printed on all kinds of artificial leather bags produced in Shanghai from 1960s to 1980s for the first time, and the word’ Shanghai’ was printed above the skyline. This style is simple, strong and durable, and it is equipped with zippered bags and travel bags. Because of its good quality, it is welcomed by Chinese. In the deep hinterland of China, it is a symbol of fashion. "

Chen Danyan’s new bag still uses the word "Shanghai", but it has made changes in shape and accessories to adapt to the current aesthetics, and has also made more explorations in material diversification. "When people see it at first sight, they will immediately feel that this is the bag my mother took when she was a child. This is the bag my father took when he was a child. There are very warm memories of our generation. I will think that when this bag is opened, it is the big steamed bread they brought back from the canteen, then the Reference News, and occasionally the white rabbit toffee. "　

"I think we can slowly leave the part of our lifestyle that has a common memory. They are urban heritages that are easier to disappear than buildings, but more likely to resonate. If we can do this, the lifestyle of this city is both economical and practical, as well as our simple and naive beauty. " She told the The Paper reporter, "I hope that our domestic products in Shanghai can return again and be regarded as the national trend by more young people. Only in this way can these old brands consciously adapt to the current aesthetics, not only satisfied with’ living’, but also pursuing’ living well’. "　

[Attachment] Notes made by Chen Danyan for Shanghai brand in Shanghai, Chen Danyan (part)

Shanghai brand watch

In July, 1955, the Shanghai Light Industry Bureau organized 58 masters in the watch industry in Shanghai to fight day and night for more than 50 days, and made 18 prototypes of fine horse and waterproof mechanical watches by hand, which should be regarded as the ancestor of China watches. In 1958, Shanghai Watch Factory officially established a factory and produced the first batch of Shanghai brand watches. On July 1st, 1958, Shanghai brand watches were listed in the third department store in Shanghai, and customers queued to buy them, which became a fashion in China for a while. In the late 1960s, the technicians of the watch factory selected a word "Shang" and a word "Hai" from Mao Zedong’s handwriting, and put them together into a hair style. This "Shanghai" trademark has been in use ever since. In the 1960s, Chinese, who wore a watch, had a Shanghai brand watch flashing "self-reliance" on every four wrists.　

Seagull license camera

In the early 1960s, China’s national defense, public security, news, medical care, scientific research, sports and other fields urgently needed domestic advanced SLR cameras. In the case of a rather weak industrial base, Shanghai Camera Factory was ordered to successfully develop the first advanced SLR camera in China-Shanghai DF-7 in 1964. As the first advanced SLR camera in China, Seagull camera has been well-known at home and abroad since 1960s. In that era when food and entertainment were scarce, owning a seagull license camera could make you the coolest person in Shanghai.　

Phoenix bicycle

Phoenix bicycle originated from Tongchang bicycle shop, the first bicycle shop in China in 1897, with a history of one hundred years. In May 1958, Shanghai No.3 Bicycle Factory was established, and the brand was born in the late 1950s. In the process of development, its technology is mainly independent research and development, pursuing innovation. In 2010, we reformed the system, built our own production base, and built a perfect production and supply system. Since the trademark "Phoenix" was marked on January 1, 1959, nearly 200 million consumers around the world have chosen Phoenix bicycle products.　

Butterfly sewing machine

In 1927, China’s first domestic sewing machine was born in Xiechang Sewing Machine Factory, named "Red Lion Brand". In 1940, "Red Lion" was renamed "Golden Lion". In 1946, the "Golden Lion Brand" was renamed as "Invincible Brand", which means "Beating the invincible hand in the world". In 1966, in order to avoid the suspicion of "four old" and to unify the names of Chinese and English trademarks in domestic and foreign trade, "Invincible Brand" was renamed "Butterfly Brand". In the 1970s and 1980s, it was a great honor for anyone to have a butterfly or bee sewing machine, and they were also the most important dowry for a married woman.　

Jinxing brand color TV

Jinxing brand color TV is a famous brand product of the former Shanghai TV Machine Factory (now Shanghai Radio and Television Group Co., Ltd.), which once had quite high praise and popularity. In 1978, the state approved Shanghai TV Machine Factory to introduce the first color TV production line in China. In October 1982, the color TV production line was officially completed, producing Jinxing brand color TV. Since then, Venus, as a landmark product in Shanghai, has won various national honors. In 2000, Jinxing brand color TV was eliminated in the market competition. In 2003, Jinxing brand color TV stopped production.

Baiyu toothpaste

Baiyu toothpaste is the oldest domestic toothpaste sold in the market so far, with a history of nearly 90 years, which is produced by Shanghai Toothpaste Factory. Its predecessor was China Chemical Industry Society founded in 1912. The first toothpaste in China-Samsung brand toothpaste is produced by this factory. In 1967, it was changed to Shanghai Toothpaste Factory, which is the birthplace of China Toothpaste Industry. Toothpastes with different names were produced all over China in 1950s, and most of them were obtained from Shanghai Toothpaste Factory.　

Taikang yellow card spicy soy sauce

At the end of 19th century and the beginning of 20th century, the use of spicy soy sauce was extended from western food to other foods in Shanghai. Spicy soy sauce is used in fried pork chops in Shanghai western food and in Luo Songtang. Local food, such as raw fried steamed bread, ribs rice cake and dry fried hairtail, is sometimes dipped in spicy soy sauce. In 1933, Meilin Canning Co., Ltd. first produced spicy soy sauce in Shanghai, using Meilin brand Golden Shield trademark; In 1960, the spicy soy sauce product line of Meilin Canning Co., Ltd. was handed over to Taikang Food Factory for production, renamed as "Shanghai Spicy Soy Sauce" and changed to Jinji brand trademark. In 1990, the Golden Rooster brand of Taikang Factory was changed to Taikang Yellow Card and Taikang Blue Card. Taikang spicy soy sauce is still produced and sold in Shanghai.　

Sullivan cookies from Yimin food factory

Sullivan biscuit is a biscuit brand produced by American Sullivan Candy and Biscuit Co., Ltd., which was founded in 1922. Sullivan Company mainly produces and distributes candy, biscuits, bread and other foods, which are very popular in Shanghai. In 1954, Sullivan Company was renamed Shanghai Yimin No.4 Food Factory. Most of Sullivan biscuits were renamed Taikang biscuits and continued to be welcomed by the public. In 1997, Yimin No.7 Factory and other parts were reorganized into Shanghai Guanshengyuan Yimin Food Co., Ltd. to continue to produce biscuits and sweets.　

strauss

Shanghai is the birthplace of Chinese musical instrument manufacturing industry. Shanghai Piano Co., Ltd., founded in 1895, is the first piano manufacturing enterprise in China. In 1916, Strauss piano registered its trademark in Shanghai. In 1958, the first piano produced by China’s national industry, the Strauss piano, was born here. In 1963, the company presided over the drafting and formulation of the first piano industry standard in China.

　　Affected by the rising pressure of comprehensive operating costs, more and more third-party payment channels begin to charge fees for credit card repayment. But at the same time, we should also see that there are many repayment channels for credit cards at present, and the channels such as bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still free — —

　　For users who use third-party payment channels to repay bank credit cards, a new change is about to happen: from March 26th, Alipay will charge a service fee for credit card repayment, and WeChat has charged for credit card repayment since August 1st last year, which means another "free lunch" for Internet services has ended.

　　Next, how will you choose the credit card repayment channel? What else do you need to pay attention to when using third-party payment to repay credit cards? Has Internet service entered the era of charging?

　　Alipay VS wechat

　　At present, users and the market are most concerned about the similarities and differences between Alipay and WeChat for credit card repayment charges.

　　In fact, repaying bank credit cards through third-party payment institutions is a new thing that has only appeared in recent years. In contrast, bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still the traditional mainstream channels for credit card repayment, and this channel does not charge extra for the single act of "repayment".

　　According to industry insiders, the so-called "credit card repayment service" paid by a third party means that the third party payment company deducts the corresponding money from the cardholder’s change account, debit card and other channels for credit card repayment according to his transaction instructions.

　　It is understood that "integrated management" is the main reason why some users choose to repay their credit cards through third-party payment channels.

　　"At present, I use the credit cards of ICBC, China Merchants Bank and Minsheng Bank at the same time. When I used mobile banking to repay, I would log in to the apps of these three banks respectively, and I also need to remember different repayment dates." Cui Jinqing, a young white-collar worker who works in a large central enterprise in Beijing, said that later, Alipay’s "credit card repayment" function was used to integrate the management of three credit cards. On one interface, the details such as which credit cards you bound, their repayment dates and their repayment amounts were clear at a glance.

　　Under the influence of integrated management, path dependence and other factors, the "credit card repayment" function of Alipay and WeChat gradually accumulated some users, but the increase in business volume also led to an increase in comprehensive operating costs, because there would be a payment channel fee behind each repayment.

　　When third-party payment institutions no longer invest in cost subsidy fees, "charging" will become the general trend. So for users, what are the similarities and differences between Alipay and WeChat after charging?

　　After comparison, the reporter found that from the charging standard, Alipay and WeChat are both one thousandth (0.1%) of the repayment amount, but Alipay has reserved two "free paths" for users.

　　Specifically, the first is to provide a free quota of 2000 yuan per person per month. Suppose the monthly repayment amount of users is 3,000 yuan, and the handling fee of Alipay is one thousandth of that of 1000 yuan, namely 1 yuan, but that of WeChat is one thousandth of 3,000 yuan, namely 3 yuan.

　　The second is to allow users to increase their free quota through two methods: "redemption of Alipay membership points" and "borrowing the free quota of relatives and friends".

　　"It is worth noting that if all your money is in Yu ‘ebao, you can withdraw it to your debit card first, which is free. Then log in to the bank’s online banking and pay back the credit card with the money from the debit card. There is no cost in the whole process. " The relevant person in charge of Alipay said.

　　Five aspects should be noted.

　　In addition to charging, compared with online banking, there are many matters needing attention in the "credit card repayment" service paid by third parties, which are mainly manifested in five aspects: determination of responsibility and right, repayment currency, single limit, repayment reminder and repayment appointment function.

　　The first is the issue of "determination of responsibility and right". It should be noted that the third-party payment institution is only the executor of the user’s credit card repayment instruction, and it will not be responsible for the losses caused by the user’s use of this service unless it does not follow the user’s instruction or the operation instruction is wrong.

　　The second is the issue of "repayment currency" and "bill inquiry currency". At present, the credit card repayment services of Alipay and WeChat only support RMB repayment, not foreign currency repayment. In addition, unless otherwise specified, the bill information that users can query through the above two methods is only RMB bills, and the foreign currency bills queried are for reference only, and accurate information still needs to be obtained through the issuing bank.

　　The third is the issue of "single limit". Wechat clearly stated in the agreement that when users make credit card repayments through Tenpay’s platform, they should still abide by the restrictions imposed by the repayment source bank on the maximum amount of their single transfer and the maximum amount of daily cumulative transfer; Tenpay is not responsible for the failure of repayment caused by this restriction.

　　The fourth is the issue of "repayment reminder". It is worth noting that even if users set up a credit card "repayment reminder" on the third-party payment platform, they still need to make repayment according to their agreement with the credit card issuer. The above settings are only used as a reference for repayment time and amount, not as a basis for whether or not to repay.

　　The fifth is the issue of "prepayment function". Wechat clearly stated in the agreement that "if you use the scheduled repayment function, Tenpay will provide you with repayment service according to the billing information provided by the issuing bank of your credit card, and Tenpay does not guarantee the authenticity, completeness and timeliness of this information". That is to say, if the user suffers losses due to the incorrect billing information, including but not limited to economic losses, late payment fees, reduced credit evaluation, etc., it will be settled by the user and the issuing bank.

　　Bank online banking channel is still free.

　　In the face of the above changes, many insiders said that the overall impact on users is limited. On the one hand, compared with services such as consumption and wealth management, credit card repayment is a function with lower frequency; On the other hand, at present, there are many repayment channels for credit cards. Although Alipay and WeChat charge, these channels such as bank online banking and mobile banking APP are still free.

　　In addition, Alipay also suggested in the announcement of "Adjustment of Credit Card Repayment Service Rules" that if it is a large repayment, users can choose to repay free of charge through channels such as bank online banking.

　　In fact, for commercial banks, retail business has always played the role of profit stabilizer, and credit card business is an important part of retail business.

　　Usually, when applying for a bank’s credit card, users need to have the bank’s debit card and use it as a repayment account. In this way, banks can not only improve customer stickiness through credit card business, but also form stable capital precipitation and repayment cash flow.

　　For this reason, for a long time, the online banking and mobile banking apps of various banks have not charged extra fees for the single act of "repayment" for the credit cards issued by the bank, but if users have overdue and installment repayment, they will charge other kinds of fees.

　　In recent years, many banks have even supported users to repay their credit cards through "debit cards from other banks" without charging any handling fees for the time being, in order to increase repayment channels for users and increase the frequency of their use of our credit cards.

　　It is worth noting that with WeChat and Alipay charging for "credit card repayment" one after another, the discussion about "whether Internet service has entered the charging era" has once again started in the society.

　　It is undeniable that in the past few years, more and more services on the Internet have begun to charge. According to a survey by the National Copyright Administration of China, in 2017, fee-based content accounted for almost half of the Internet content market in China.

　　At the same time, in the face of charging, users have gradually changed from "unaccustomed" in the early days to "accustomed". The financial report of iQiyi in the third quarter of 2018 shows that as of September 30, 2018, the number of subscribed members of iQiyi has reached 80.7 million, of which paying members account for more than 98%; The income from membership service was 2.9 billion yuan, up 78% year-on-year, which exceeded the income from online advertising service of 2.4 billion yuan.

　　"There is no eternal free model in any industry. In a fully competitive market, charging or not ultimately depends on whether the services provided by enterprises are worth paying for, and the charging price will gradually become reasonable in the competition. " The relevant person in charge of Alipay said.

　　In terms of the appearance of the 2023 SRT Hellcat, the new car continues the American muscle car style with very tough and powerful challenger family models. At the same time, the new car has added a set of wide-body kit on the basis of the ordinary version, which is mainly aimed at widening its wheel eyebrows, and has increased by 3.5 inches (88.9mm) compared with the ordinary version, enabling the new car to use wider tires. In addition, the new car will also provide 13 different body colors, and provide a variety of body pull flowers for consumers to choose from.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　In the details of 2023 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, the middle net and the lower air intake of the new car are also painted in black, and there is a unique logo of SRT on the side of the middle net. In terms of wheels, SRT Super Stock adopts a set of 18x11J (18 inches in diameter and 11 inches in width) rims, which are the same as those of challenger SRT Demon, and is matched with the NT05R linear acceleration special tires with 315/40 R18 specifications, so that the car has three times the grip of SRT Hellcat models. In terms of brakes, the front wheel of the new car is equipped with an upgraded Brembo four-piston caliper and a 14.2-inch front brake disc.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　In terms of the power of 2023 Dodge Challenger SRT Hellcat, the new car is equipped with a 6.2-liter HEMI V8 supercharged engine. Compared with the challenger Hellcat Redeye model, its maximum power is increased from 807 horsepower to 818 horsepower, and the red line speed of the engine is increased from 6300rpm to 6400rpm. The transmission system is matched with a TorqueFlite 8HP90 8-speed automatic manual transmission. Dodge official said that the acceleration time of the new car from 0 to 96 km/h is 3.25 seconds, and it only takes 10.5 seconds to complete the linear acceleration of a quarter mile, but due to the tires of the new car, its top speed is limited to 168 mph (270 km/h).

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　Company name: Tianjin Hailufeng Automobile Service Co., Ltd.

　　Company Address: Senyang International Automobile City, Bonded Zone, Tianjin Binhai New Area

　　Main brands: Rolls-Royce, Bentley, Mercedes-Benz, Land Rover, BMW, and other high-end brand models.

　　VIP Hotline: 15822617116 Manager Yi (same as WeChat)

　　Disclaimer: The above car purchase preferential information is provided by the comprehensive dealers of this website, and the price fluctuates greatly due to market factors, which is only for car purchase reference; The distributor is responsible for its authenticity, accuracy and legality, and this website does not provide any guarantee or assume any legal responsibility.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Europe has followed the United States to impose several rounds of severe sanctions on Russia. Recently, a number of foreign media reported that the spillover effects of sanctions against Russia caused high inflation in Europe and the economy continued to be under pressure. Europe is increasingly worried about the problems brought by sanctions.

　　find it difficult to advance or to retreat―be in a dilemma/plight

　　According to today’s Russian International News Agency, Uwe Schultz, a German parliamentarian, recently warned that the EU’s largest economy is facing further economic recession and "de-industrialization" due to the EU’s sanctions against Russia. Schultz issued a statement on the website of his political party, saying that economic sanctions against Russia have hit the German economy hard. Schultz said that the sanctions against Russia and the economic measures taken by the German ruling Coalition are leading Germany directly to "de-industrialization", "the economic prospect of Germany in 2023 is disappointing" and "the poor performance of the automobile industry continues to lead to a decline in manufacturing output". Stefan Wolff, president of the German Federation of Employers’ Associations in the Metal and Electrical Engineering Industry, also believes that the German economy is no longer competitive and is expected to fall into recession in the second half of this year.

　　According to preliminary data released by Eurostat on July 31, Germany’s GDP in the second quarter of this year increased by zero month-on-month, which was less than the market’s previous expectation of 0.1%. According to the latest forecast of the International Monetary Fund, the German economy will shrink by 0.3% in 2023.

　　Many European companies are also facing the negative impact of European sanctions against Russia. The Financial Times recently conducted a survey on the operating conditions of 600 large European enterprises, and the results showed that 176 of them lost more than 100 billion euros due to the reduction, sale or closure of their business in Russia. This figure does not include the losses caused by indirect factors such as rising energy prices and rising production costs caused by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

　　According to statistics, before the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, more than 1,800 large enterprises in Europe had operations in Russia, and more than half of them still continue to operate in Russia. According to the analysis, many European enterprises are in a dilemma under the influence of European sanctions against Russia: on the one hand, leaving Russia will have a direct negative impact on their own operations, on the other hand, staying in Russia will face more and more political and economic risks.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022, European countries have followed the United States to impose several rounds of sanctions on Russia. In May, the British government announced the expansion of sanctions against Russia, including punitive import tariffs on precious metals produced in Russia and export bans on certain British products. In June, the EU reached an agreement on the 11th round of sanctions against Russia, including measures aimed at cracking down on circumvention of existing sanctions. Russia retaliated against Europe by cutting fuel supply and implementing ruble settlement.

　　"The impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is not exactly the same, and two types of countries are the most affected: first, countries that are highly dependent on Russian energy, such as Hungary and other Central and Eastern European countries; Second, countries whose industrial structure is dominated by manufacturing and energy-intensive industries, such as Germany, Italy and other European manufacturing powers. " Yan Shaohua, an associate researcher at the China-EU Relations Research Center of the Institute of International Studies of Fudan University, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　Fatal impact

　　"In recent years, the European economy has been affected by the European sovereign debt crisis ‘ Sequela ’ The continuous influence of is in a slow recovery. After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, this recovery process was disrupted. The biggest impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is to aggravate Europe ‘ De-industrialization ’ Worried. " Zhang Jian, vice president and researcher of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told this reporter that German, Italian and other European countries have comparative advantages in the field of high-end manufacturing, and an important basis for this advantage is cheap natural gas from Russia. Nowadays, these European countries are bearing the cost of sanctions against Russia, that is, losing cheap Russian natural gas and having to purchase more expensive energy from other countries, which has led many European manufacturing enterprises, especially energy-intensive enterprises, to face rising production costs and be forced to cut production, stop production or move their production lines outside.

　　Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) released by Standard & Poor’s Worldwide shows that in July, the manufacturing PMI in the euro zone dropped to 42.7, the lowest level since the outbreak of COVID-19. As a big European manufacturing country, Germany performed poorly, and its manufacturing PMI plummeted to 38.8 in July.

　　The report of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs pointed out that high energy prices weakened the competitiveness of European energy-intensive industries, resulting in the loss of market share.

　　The economic census report released by dihk this summer also shows that the fluctuation of energy and raw material prices is the biggest risk faced by German enterprises, among which 80% of energy-intensive enterprises list it as the number one risk. According to the report of "Credit Reform", a German credit agency, the number of German enterprises filing for bankruptcy in the first half of 2023 increased by 16.2% year-on-year. In addition, many enterprises plan or have begun to transfer their business to countries with relatively low energy. For example, dozens of enterprises, including Lufthansa and Siemens, are considering expanding production and increasing capital in the United States.

　　"Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the European economy is already facing problems such as high inflation rate, high unemployment rate and broken supply chain, and sanctions against Russia have further aggravated these problems. From the production point of view, sanctions against Russia have led to the gradual energy development in Russia and Europe ‘ Decoupling ’ It is difficult for European countries to find a suitable alternative in a short time to make up for the loss of cheap energy in Russia, which makes the manufacturing cost rise sharply. From the perspective of consumption, energy shortage leads to soaring energy prices, which will inevitably affect commodity prices in European countries, thus pushing up inflation and increasing people’s living costs. " Yan Shaohua said.

　　Some analysts pointed out that Russia is an important supplier of raw materials for high-end manufacturing in Europe. There are many links in the industrial chain of high-end manufacturing industry, and the supply chain is accurate and complex. The obstruction of the upstream link means the source fracture of the industrial chain and supply chain, which will have a fatal impact on the whole industry. Although Europe tries to avoid areas that will "jam its neck" in the process of sanctions against Russia, with Russia’s retaliatory countermeasures, Europe’s high-end manufacturing industry is in a passive position.

　　snow plus frost—exacerbate

　　Agence France-Presse reported that since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the EU has imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia, but EU diplomats admit that the EU sanctions are close to the limit.

　　"At present, there is little room for further escalation and overweight of European sanctions against Russia. However, in the short term, sanctions will continue and there is no room for manoeuvre. In this context, Europe’s next question is how to deal with the impact of sanctions on itself. Since the energy crisis last year, Europe has been looking for ways. The European Union has introduced a series of measures, on the one hand, to find energy suppliers that can replace Russia, on the other hand, to release ‘ Green agreement industry plan ’ Accelerate energy transformation and green development. " Yan Shaohua believes that with the relevant EU policies gradually playing a role, the pressure faced by EU countries in energy this year may be eased compared with last year, but the problem has not been fundamentally solved.

　　Leonhard Birnbaum, CEO of Eon Energy Group, pointed out that the EU will change its energy structure and reduce its imports of Russian energy due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and this trend will continue, so the energy crisis in Europe is far from over. "In the long run, because we can’t get cheap energy from Russian pipelines, it is expected that the price of natural gas will rise, which may be two to three times that of now." Leonhard Birnbaum said.

　　According to the preliminary statistics released by Eurostat on July 31, after zero growth in the first quarter of this year, the euro zone economy grew by 0.3% in the second quarter. Analysts pointed out that although the euro zone economy has resumed growth, the risk of stagnant growth still exists due to factors such as high inflation, weak global demand and monetary tightening policy. Among the major economies in the euro zone, Germany and Italy continue to suffer from the shrinking demand for goods due to the larger manufacturing scale.

　　"In the foreseeable future, it will be more difficult for the European economy to turn around. On the one hand, the energy security situation in Europe has not fundamentally improved, European manufactured goods have lost the Russian market, and the competitiveness of European products will continue to decline; On the other hand, the United States introduced the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chip and Science Act to attract European companies to invest in the United States, which will make the European economy worse. " According to Zhang Jian’s analysis, as the largest economy in the European Union, Germany has strong economic radiation, especially its close integration with the economies of neighboring countries. If Germany is affected by sanctions against Russia and its economic situation cannot be effectively improved, then in the next three to five years, Germany’s neighboring countries and even the entire euro zone economy will also encounter troubles, and the overall economic policy and political and social stability of the EU will be negatively affected.

　　Some analysts pointed out that high-end manufacturing is the core of European real economy and one of the main engines leading European economic growth. If it is difficult for European countries to get through the obstruction of industrial chain and supply chain, it may be difficult to maintain their leading position in high-end manufacturing in the future. By then, Europe will not only face the problem of economic recession, but also be more difficult to achieve "strategic autonomy".