CCTV News:Brushing a bill to a merchant is likely to fall into the trap of fraud, and as far as brushing itself is concerned, its behavior is also a serious violation of integrity. Some restaurants in online celebrity on the APP often get rave reviews. The reviewers not only have vivid written expressions, but also all kinds of beautiful photos of eating in restaurants. Are all these favorable comments true? Recently, the comprehensive administrative law enforcement team of market supervision in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province received a report that a company specially organized personnel to provide praise service for catering enterprises, so it conducted a surprise inspection in the whole city, and found that more than 100 restaurants in online celebrity all had the behavior of paying for praise.

　　At the beginning of May this year, according to the clues provided by the whistleblower, the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team found that 10 companies, including a brand management company in Hangzhou, were suspected of organizing others to brush praise for profit.

　　Xiao Zhu, the head of a brand management company in Hangzhou involved in the case, told the reporter the inside story.

　　Xiao Zhu, head of a brand management company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:He (the merchant) will put forward a demand, such as this store, or several of our stores need dozens or 100 reviews, and then we will recruit in many so-called big V groups in the circle.

　　The reporter found on this review APP that the businesses involved in the case are all in the top ranks among similar businesses, many of them are labeled as "online celebrity", and the comment area is full of beautiful pictures of literary models, which have all kinds of praises such as good taste, good service and fresh ingredients. So are these praises true?

　　Praise brush hand Xiao Xie:After a normal meal, whether it is good or bad, you should present the good side on the platform, that is, have a free meal and write a favorable comment to (the merchant).

　　In fact, many review apps have always had corresponding regulatory measures to prevent merchants from brushing praise, but companies that organize praise still have ways to evade platform supervision.

　　Xiao Zhu, head of a brand management company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:To check in and punch in, to actually take photos in the store, and to buy consumption at the same time, in fact, it is to simulate a real consumption trajectory. Finally, while finishing the homework (praise), our company will return the consumption amount to him (brush hands).

　　The relevant person in charge of the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team said that the actions of these companies are suspected of violating the second paragraph of Article 8 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law: operators shall not help other operators to make false or misleading commercial propaganda by organizing false transactions.

　　Spending money to brush off praise is credit and "money way"

　　Before spending, many people will refer to comments left by others. The false praise and sales volume that these people spend money on have undoubtedly caused great misleading to consumers and destroyed the business ecology. What you earn by "brushing praise" is just "buying and selling with one hammer", and you can’t win repeat customers. In the long run, it is bound to be your own credit and "money way" that will eventually be "brushed off".

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The current entrepreneurial environment has indeed become more difficult, which is not only from the macro environment, but also the true feelings of many entrepreneurs.

I have a hunch that enterprises will face greater challenges next year, and the main problem lies in the lack of confidence.

I have worked with many listed chairmen of the Shanghai and Beijing Chambers of Commerce or"The man with the iron bowl"I deeply understand the pressure brought by the business environment, as well as the real experiences of many entrepreneurs around me.

At the same time, I am in Beijing with some"Dog legs"After a few months, I can only describe it in one word-"clothing".

If you don’t accept it, you have to accept it. In order to maintain the operation of the enterprise, you have to send cards and money in exchange for the so-called"convenience",After the delivery, people will light my cigarette when they meet.

If you don’t send or even accept abusive treatment, this help"Dog legs"I dare to swear behind closed doors. This will be replaced by a place, I guess."Dog legs"Designate to hit people behind closed doors.

Ladies and gentlemen, don’t fantasize and question. Don’t be naive, don’t think about justice, and don’t do that. It’s no use. I’ll tell you with my actual combat experience:"Sending money is the fastest and best solution"!Other things are really useless and a waste of time. This is the reality, and the result of uncompromising may be that the enterprise is brought down.

Fighting with the sky, fighting with the ground, and fighting with people may all find a way out; But only don’t talk to those who flatter and bully others."Dog legs"Competing for each other, because the power behind them is often overwhelming.

RecallThe best time to start a business,It was an era full of passion and dreams. Encouraged by entrepreneurs such as Ma Yun, countless young people joined the entrepreneurial wave. The environment at that time was relatively relaxed, encouraging innovation and adventure.However, with the advance of the torrent of the times, the fate of individuals and enterprises is often involuntary. Only when the overall environment becomes conducive to entrepreneurship can we succeed more easily.

In the past few years, due to well-known reasons, the economic situation was grim, many industry leaders chose to remain silent, and Ma Yun did not return to China for a long time.In the past two years, the office rent has halved and the vacancy rate has exceeded 30%, which reveals a surprising aspect of the social and economic structure.The residential market has also experienced violent fluctuations, and the sharp drop in house prices has caused widespread concern, but the decline in the office market is more serious.

Recently, a message from a circle of friends has aroused widespread concern on the Internet:An entrepreneur in the live broadcast e-commerce industry issued an appeal late at night, suggesting that his peers give up the deposit and find a new office space with a rent lower than 2.5 yuan/m2/day.According to the entrepreneur, the rent of Hangzhou Future Science and Technology City has dropped sharply, and many large parks even offer rent-free concessions. Even so, it is still difficult to attract tenants.Who would have thought that the once prosperous office market would cool down at such a rapid rate?

This change not only reflects the downward pressure on the economy, but also exposes the imbalance between supply and demand in the market. For entrepreneurs, how to find a way to survive in this environment has become a key problem to be solved urgently. Faced with this reality, we need more flexible strategies and perseverance to deal with the uncertainty in the future.

Office buildings are known as urban economy."barometer"Its origin can be traced back to the end of the 19th century, but until the early 1980s, most people in China were still very unfamiliar with the concept of office buildings. At that time, the office buildings were mainly xz office buildings of zf organs and units.(Without yanlun’s freedom, I dare not type many words, let alone say them, so I call them "cows, cows" in this environment.).

With the promotion of the reform and opening-up policy, more and more foreign-funded enterprises flock to China to seek business opportunities. However, these enterprises in China’s major cities, such as Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, are faced with the dilemma of finding suitable office places and have to choose hotels to handle their daily business and liaison affairs. This situation has given birth to a strong demand for modern commercial office services.

In this context, landmark buildings such as the Chocolate Building in Beijing (namely, Beijing International Building), the Friendship Building in Shanghai and the Diwang Building in Shenzhen came into being, and modern office buildings sprang up one after another, gradually forming the central business district (CBD) of the city, marking the development of the office market in China has entered a new stage.

These office buildings are home to key industries such as finance, high-tech, insurance, etc., and the business elites can release huge economic efficiency when talking and laughing. Seeing this scene, investors have turned their attention to office buildings, and the "building economy" came into being, and the office market gradually took shape.

With the state-owned enterprises, foreign enterprises and private enterprises moving into the Central Business District (CBD) one after another, office buildings have become hot assets in first-tier cities. Data show that in 2007, the demand for office buildings in Shanghai was in short supply, and the vacancy rate of Grade A office buildings was as low as 1.6%.

At the same time, the office market has contributed remarkable economic benefits to first-tier cities and become their veritable "vertical printing machine". This phenomenon not only reflects the importance of office buildings as the core of commercial activities, but also highlights the important engine role of economic development in first-tier cities.

In 2020, among the 285 office buildings in Shanghai Lujiazui Financial City, 4 have a tax revenue of more than 6 billion yuan, 20 have a tax revenue of more than 2 billion yuan and 32 have a tax revenue of more than 1 billion yuan, and the tax revenue of 110 office buildings has reached the level of 100 million yuan. In Shenzhen, less than 20 square kilometers of Yuehai Street, there are more than 100 office buildings of listed companies, and the total annual GDP has exceeded 300 billion yuan. In the face of such a huge economic volume, who can not be moved?

In recent years, with the gradual expansion of domestic enterprises to second-tier cities, second-tier cities have used the experience of first-tier cities for reference in order to attract investment, and increased the intensity of office building construction. According to the data, as of 2019, more than 200 cities or urban areas in China have issued plans or policies related to building economy. High-grade office buildings have mushroomed in major cities, which indicates that commercial real estate in China has entered a new stage of development.

Every night, the light show of CBD in each city is dizzying, and on the surface, it presents a scene of economic prosperity. However, behind this bright light, there are many hidden crises.With the advancement of urban transformation and upgrading, more and more cities have concentrated on releasing office supply, resulting in a long-term high vacancy rate.

according toWhite Paper on China Office Building Market in 2021At present, there are 19 cities in the mainland that are at the peak of construction. The average daily rent of high-quality office buildings in these cities is only 2.2 yuan/square meter, and the vacancy rate is close to 40%.According to market data, at the end of last year, the vacancy rate of office buildings in several major first-tier cities in China exceeded 20%: the vacancy rate in Beijing was 21.7%, and that in Shanghai was 21.8%, up 5 percentage points from the previous year; The situation in Shenzhen is even more serious, with the vacancy rate of Grade A office buildings exceeding 30.6%.

It is worth noting that the above official data may not fully reflect the actual situation.There are rumors that the actual vacancy rate in Shenzhen may be as high as 70%.Such a high vacancy rate has aroused public concern."oversupply"Wide criticism. This not only reveals the potential risks of the commercial real estate market, but also challenges the urban planning and development strategy.

In order to reduce losses, owners have reduced rents to attract enterprises to settle in.According to data from dtz,In the third quarter of 2024, the rent of Beijing office market fell to 266.1 yuan/square meter/month, down 4.7% from the previous month and 13.5% from the same period last year.According to a report by Jones Lang LaSalle,In the third quarter of this year, the average rent of Grade A office buildings in 40 major cities nationwide was 80.3 yuan/square meter/month, with a decrease of 0.4% to 5.6% from the previous month.

This means that the vacancy rate of office buildings has reached a new high for more than a decade, while the rental price has fallen to the lowest point for more than a decade.There are even rumors that many large parks have directly adopted rent-free measures in order to save property fees. Even so, the high vacancy rate of office buildings is still difficult to be effectively alleviated. Once a smash hit, the symbolic building regarded as the development of market economy no longer has its former style and prosperity after a large number of office areas are closed.

The future of office buildings has become an urgent problem to be solved. In order to reactivate this market and meet the new market demand, relevant departments have made various attempts, which have aroused great concern from all walks of life. The main measures focus on the following aspects:

The first is to re-evaluate and upgrade the business function of the office building. Leading enterprises and chain-owner enterprises are introduced into super-Grade A commercial buildings to enhance the concentration and output intensity of business formats and build a brand of characteristic commercial buildings; Grade a buildings focus on introducing high-quality enterprises to improve the quality of operation and service; Grade B buildings promote functional integration and compound development, and improve the level of property management; Class C buildings provide flexible and low-cost office space for small and micro enterprises through micro-renovation, micro-renewal and shared office mode.

Secondly, carry out functional transformation of commercial buildings, such as transforming office buildings into spaces for other purposes such as hotels, hospitals or elderly care facilities. This not only re-plans the physical attributes of the building, but also meets the current market demand, policy orientation and community function demand.

In the process of seeking transformation, a major challenge that enterprises need to overcome is to obtain the support and cooperation of relevant departments to ensure that they can successfully obtain the necessary business licenses. In addition, the transformation strategy of "changing business to living" has also become one of the choices of many enterprises, providing a feasible way.

Through these comprehensive adjustment and reform measures, the office market is expected to gradually adapt to the new economic environment and development trend, and find a new path suitable for its own development.

Transforming office buildings into residential areas can not only effectively cope with the rising vacancy rate of commercial buildings, but also alleviate the current situation of housing shortage to some extent. However, this measure needs to be handled with caution, because it may lead to social contradictions and new unfairness. There is a significant difference in land price between commercial land and residential land, and residential land is usually more expensive."Business changes to residence"The project enters the housing market at a lower cost. For example, the unit price of a house in a big city can reach 60,000 yuan per square meter, while the unit price of the "business to live" project is only 20,000 yuan. This price gap may have an impact on the existing housing market, and how to balance the interests of other housing owners has become a big challenge.

It is not easy to implement the above measures. We still have a long way to go to revitalize the office market on the premise of ensuring social fairness as much as possible. At one time, the office building market contributed super-high economic benefits to the first-tier cities, and was praised as one of many entrepreneurs."vertical banknote printing machine".However, with the deterioration of the economic environment in recent years, this "money printing machine" seems to have become a "meat grinder", and many entrepreneurs have lost their money and been displaced.

However, there have been two symbolic events recently:Ma Huateng, who has always been low-key, wrote in People’s Daily, and Ma Yun also returned to China with high profile.

Ma Huateng’s article is entitled"Contributing Internet Power to Economic Recovery"He expressed his confidence in the bright future of private enterprises. These landmark events not only reflect that China’s private economy is experiencing a turning point, but also send a positive signal, which indicates that there may be more support policies in the future to help enterprises recover and develop.

In this context, how to activate the office market while ensuring fairness will be an important issue for some time to come. Through reasonable policy guidance and support, the office market is expected to gradually adapt to the new economic environment and development trend, and find a new path suitable for its own development.

Recently, a series of legal system construction, such as the legislative advancement of the private economy promotion law, have provided a solid legal guarantee for private enterprises to go into battle lightly. At the same time, actively explore digital consumption, aiming at creating richer consumption scenarios, modes and formats, and further stimulating market vitality. We firmly believe that with the support of such policies, private enterprises will usher in a bright future, and China’s economy will also ride the wind and waves and strive to move forward. It is an important task to improve quality and efficiency, optimize business layout and promote healthy and sustainable development of various industries.

It is worth noting that Ma Huateng, who has always been known for his low profile, has made a high-profile voice this time.People’s dailyPublish articles to emphasize the bright future of private economy. This move not only sent a strong positive signal, but also injected a shot in the arm for the development of private enterprises.Ma Huateng said in the article that he believes that private enterprises will have bright prospects and promises to contribute to the economic recovery.

At the same time, Ma Yun has been particularly active recently. As we all know, Ma Yun has been traveling abroad for the past two years and rarely returns to China to participate in foreign activities or make public speeches. However, Ma Yun’s sudden return to China at the end of November caused widespread concern, which not only attracted a hot search, but also excited the entire Alibaba Group, and the whole network was hotly debated.

Some employees recalled:"The last time I saw Mr. Ma was the’ Double Eleven’ in 2022. Time flies, but the intimacy remains unchanged."This unexpected joy made the whole park boil. Ma Yun looks cheerful and greets everyone with a smile. This long-lost interaction has brought inspiration and confidence to many people.

Ma Huateng and Ma Yun, two iconic figures in China’s Internet industry, have sent positive signals one after another, indicating that China’s private economy is welcoming new development opportunities and injecting strong confidence and support into the market.

I have been paying close attention to the opinions of top entrepreneurs.Because their opinions often have important reference value.Ma Huateng and Ma Yun spoke at the same time.I don’t think this is an accidental phenomenon.But gj hopes to convey an important signal through these entrepreneurs:Gj is attaching great importance to the development of private economy and injecting a shot in the arm for private entrepreneurs to enhance their confidence in future development.

Combined with a number of recently released policies, it can be predicted that 2025 will be a crucial year for the country to promote the development of private economy. This year is full of challenges and countless expectations. According to the analysis of many experts and folk wise men, there may be seven major trends in China in 2025:

First of all, in the housing market and the stock market,"maintaining stability"Will be the main theme.In recent years, house prices have continued to fall, and real estate companies have frequent crises.The top management decided on October 9th."Stabilize the property market and stock market, and prevent and resolve risks and external shocks in key areas".Despite the policy support, the market temporarily recovered.But in my opinion.In the next two or three years, house prices are likely to continue to drop, and real investment and consumer confidence have not fully recovered.

Secondly,The life of ordinary people will be even more tight.. Since the mask, it has become more and more difficult to make money, and it is under great pressure to work or do business. Even if many people work hard, they still can’t make ends meet after deducting the cost of living.Fall into a vicious circle of getting busier and poorer..

Third,Spiritual consumption demand will look for new exports. The degradation of consumption has prompted people to change from luxury to simple life, and at the same time, some people have begun to seek ways of inner peace, such as obtaining spiritual comfort through cultural phenomena such as Dong Yuhui, Dao Lang and Li Ziqi.

Fourth,The aggravation of aging and the shortage of young labor force have formed a situation of "green and yellow".With China stepping into a deeply aging society, the fertility rate of post-80s and post-90s declined, which led to the problem of human resources gap in traditional industries. How to inherit and develop it has become an urgent problem.

Fifth,The development of AI technology has impacted traditional entities.Although AI has improved efficiency, it has also accelerated the elimination process of some industries, especially those traditional industries and manufacturing industries that have been hit by e-commerce, facing unprecedented survival challenges.

Sixth,The phenomenon of "hollowing out" may appear in big cities.Over the past few decades,"dream of entering the city"It attracts countless migrant workers and young people to flood into cities, but now the high cost of living and uncertain career prospects force many people to choose to leave, leading to the gradual decline of urban vitality.

Seventh,The employment situation may deteriorate further.Factors such as the global economic slowdown and trade frictions may lead to an increase in layoffs, and the responsibility for creating jobs is difficult to be borne by only a few surviving small enterprises and individual operators, especially in the face of the surge in the number of college graduates.The job market in 2025 will be even more severe.

To sum up, China’s economic and social development in 2025 will face many uncertainties, but it will also have the opportunity to meet the challenges and realize transformation and development through policy adjustment and technological innovation.

In the important decision of buying a house in Beijing, whether to start a new house is no longer a simple investment behavior, but requires buyers to think carefully and make wise choices in combination with multiple realistic conditions. Under the background of today’s times, it is difficult to copy the myth of wealth growth in the past by blindly buying a house. Instead, it relies heavily on market acumen and professional knowledge of buying a house. Especially at the moment when the differentiation of the property market is becoming more and more obvious, every purchase decision needs careful planning to avoid the potential loss of asset value due to misjudgment.

To this end, the majority of property buyers urgently need professional real estate service platform to ensure the safety and appreciation of their real estate allocation. Whether it’s a novice first-time home buyer or an inexperienced home buyer, we can avoid the trap of buying a house and find the most suitable real estate project under our professional guidance. Now we sincerely invite friends who are interested in buying a house, scan the QR code below and add our official WeChat to enjoy one-on-one free consultation service.

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　　Cctv newsRecently, in the "100-day action" of the national public security organs to crack down on public security in summer, the public security network security department made a decisive attack and quickly detected a number of cases of developing, producing, releasing, selling, downloading and using false epidemic prevention software, so as to eliminate relevant epidemic-related risks in time. The Ministry of Public Security announced three typical cases today.

　　In view of the recent online epidemic-related illegal and criminal activities, the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security attached great importance to it, and deployed public security organs in Guangdong and other places to carry out in-depth investigations according to law. It was found that individual criminal suspects developed, produced, published and sold false epidemic prevention "big data travel cards" and "health codes" on the Internet to help others forge epidemic-related proof information and display it on the fake health code page of the cottage, so as to deceive epidemic prevention staff to check and seriously interfere with the epidemic prevention and control order. At present, the public security organs have arrested 12 false software developers and producers, and investigated and dealt with a number of false software downloads and users according to law.

　　The relevant person in charge of the Network Security Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security said that the public security organs will further promote the "100-day action" to crack down on public security in summer, always maintain a high-pressure situation against all kinds of online epidemic-related illegal and criminal activities, and resolutely safeguard the order of epidemic prevention and control and people’s lives and health. The public security organ suggested that the development, production, release, sale, download and use of false epidemic-related software not only seriously interfered with and disrupted the normal order of epidemic prevention and control, but also was suspected of committing crimes. Please raise the awareness of prevention and consciously resist illegal and criminal acts and jointly safeguard the order of epidemic prevention and control.

　　The public security organs severely cracked down on typical cases of illegal crimes such as developing, producing, publishing, selling, downloading and using false epidemic prevention software;

　　Case 1: Guangdong Zeng Moufei developed and produced false epidemic prevention itinerary card and health code software.

　　In July 2022, Guangdong public security organs cracked a case of developing and producing false epidemic prevention itinerary cards and health code software, arrested Zeng Moufei, the software maker, and investigated and dealt with more than 100 software buyers and users according to law. After investigation, Zeng Moufei developed and produced the above-mentioned false epidemic prevention itinerary card and health code software in order to avoid the restriction of nucleic acid detection and show off computer technology, and released it to the Internet platform for others to download, which seriously interfered with the epidemic prevention and control work in COVID-19. At present, the public security organs have filed a case against Zeng Moufei and taken criminal compulsory measures. The case is under further investigation.

　　Case 2: Guangdong Feng Mohao developed, produced and sold false health code software on the Internet.

　　In June 2022, Guangdong public security organs cracked a case of developing, producing and selling false health code software on the Internet, arrested software producer Feng Mohao, and investigated and dealt with more than 20 software buyers and users according to law. After investigation, Feng Mohao developed and produced false health code software for illegal gains, and uploaded it to the Internet platform for public sale, which seriously interfered with the epidemic prevention and control work in COVID-19. At present, the public security organs have filed a case against Feng Mohao and taken criminal compulsory measures. The case is under further investigation.

　　Case 3: Guangdong Wei Mouye and others installed and used false health codes.

　　In June 2022, Guangdong public security organs detected a case of installing and using a fake health code APP program to forge a health code, and arrested the installation and use personnel Wei Mouye and Wen Mouhui. After investigation, Wei Mouye and Wen Mouhui obtained the fake health code APP program from the Internet platform and installed it on their mobile phones, tampering with the travel card information and disturbing the epidemic prevention and control order in COVID-19. At present, the public security organs have imposed administrative warnings and penalties on Wei Mouye and Wen Mouhui according to law.

In the past two years, the state and local governments have issued a series of policies to support the power exchange mode, explicitly supporting the construction of power exchange stations and encouraging the separation of vehicles and electricity.

By the end of April 2021, there were 63,000 public charging stations and 870,000 public charging piles in China. The total number of power stations is about 650, of which Beijing accounts for 33%, Guangdong accounts for 16%, and Zhejiang, which ranks third, accounts for 8%, while the number of power stations in other provinces is very low.

It can be seen that the current situation of power exchange station in China is low in quantity and uneven in distribution, and it is only used as a supplementary means of charging mode at present.

Then, can the future power exchange mode develop rapidly and become the ultimate mode of electric vehicle power supply?

Advantages:

1. The separation of vehicle and electricity in power exchange mode can reduce the cost of car purchase. Consumers only buy electric cars, and the batteries are used by leasing.

2. The replaced storage battery can be charged during the low power consumption period, and the power consumption cost is low.

3. Changing the power solves the problems of long charging time and short driving range. The split-box power exchange technology adopted by Bertram Technology can complete the power exchange within 5 minutes; The chassis power exchange technology adopted by Weilai can complete the power exchange in 3 minutes, which greatly relieves the mileage anxiety of car owners.

4. The closed-loop management of battery is realized by changing power, and the battery life is improved. The maintenance, recovery and reuse of batteries are handled by power grid enterprises.

5. Change electric energy to improve the efficiency of operating vehicles.

Disadvantages:

1. The construction cost of power exchange station is high.

2. There are many kinds of batteries, and it is difficult to unify the specifications.

3. The battery performance is quite different.

4. There are security risks: whether the battery box is firmly combined with the car body, and whether the power supply and communication interface are reliable in the state of frequent power exchange are all risks in the power exchange mode.

From the perspective of investment cost, changing power stations > charging piles.

The investment cost of a power station is about 1.5 million to 4 million yuan, including fixed assets investment Q, site rental, personnel operation and maintenance, etc. Looking back at ordinary fast-charging piles, the cost of charging piles ranges from tens of thousands to hundreds of thousands according to the charging power. The slow filling pile is cheaper, usually it can be built within 10 thousand yuan, and it is small and convenient.

From the perspective of investment cost, the power exchange station is higher than the charging pile. This is also why the penetration rate of domestic charging piles is much higher than that of changing power stations.

From the point of use efficiency, changing power station > charging pile.

● The power changing time of the power changing station is about 5 minutes;

● The charging time of fast filling pile is 30-60 minutes (charging to 80%); Slow charging can be as long as several hours.

Compared with the refueling of traditional fuel vehicles, changing electricity is closer to refueling and more efficient in terms of use time. However, the actual charging time of the current fast-charging charging pile is related to the battery capacity (size), charging pile power (speed) and rate limit (protection) of the electric vehicle, and can not fully reach the rated power of the charging pile.

From the perspective of use cost, the power station is less than or equal to the charging pile.

In terms of the use cost of power exchange, taking Weilai as an example, the price of power exchange is 180 yuan, the battery capacity is 70Kwh, and the cruising range is about 420 kilometers, equivalent to 0.42 yuan per kilometer; Taking BAIC Q as an example, three electricity exchange packages were launched: package A is 432 yuan/1,200 kilometers; B Package 630 yuan /1800 km; C package 1020 yuan /3000 kilometers. It’s about 0.34 yuan per kilometer.

Generally, the battery capacity of electric vehicles is about 50Kwh, and the first charge (public) is about 1.5 yuan. The cost of fully charging is 75 yuan RMB, and the cruising range is about 300km, which is equivalent to about 0.25 RMB per kilometer. For drivers who make a living by operation and people whose expenses need to be controlled, the lower the price, the better. For people with relatively high incomes, it is almost negligible. However, although the difference between the two kinds of charging costs is nearly double, consumers’ perception is not obvious, and they can’t feel it in the short term, but many a mickle makes a mickle in the long run.

From the point of view of practical promotion and use, changing power station ≤ charging pile

Charging piles can appear in the form of "charging stations" or "single piles". For the site requirements, the DC pile is slightly larger, and less than 1 square meter is enough; AC installation can be divided into wall-mounted type and column type. The former is hung on the wall and does not occupy the floor area, while the latter has thin columns and hardly occupies the area.

The battery pack storage warehouse, mechanical installation arm and distribution system between the warehouse and the power station are needed in the power station. Even if it is streamlined, it needs to "occupy a lot of territory."

In addition, both the power station and the charging pile will face the same kind of "waiting problem", that is, queuing to charge/change electricity. -At a site with a large flow of electric vehicles, the frequency of charging personnel is very high, and there will be phenomena such as queuing for charging piles and queuing for changing electricity. Charging piles take a long time and often wait for a long time; It is faster to change power at a power station, but if the battery in the library is not full, it still needs to wait for a long time.

Therefore, from the perspective of investors’ input, consumers’ experience and cost use, and manufacturers’ production standards, input and use costs have become a set of contradictions. According to market rules, the price should be higher under high input, but investors stand in the perspective of laying and promoting first, and take this high cost to consumers. Therefore, it has created a difficult situation that investors can’t make money in a short time, which further limits the pace for investors to continue to promote and expand. And manufacturing companies, including car companies and battery manufacturers, have different specifications without standard implementation, so there will be a kind of chaos: There are a lot of power stations, but the power stations that support my family can’t be used in your family.

However, taking history as a mirror, some good things are not popular at present, not because they are bad, but because of various reasons, such as current politics, cost, trust and so on, it may be possible to change time, a group of people and a place. From the perspective of user-oriented experience, people are often willing to "pay the price" and pay for it.

Popularization needs comprehensive development in investment cost performance, engineering feasibility, safety and controllability, and also needs policy support and assistance in standard formulation. It also needs users to experience low use cost, convenient use, safety and reliability to form trust.

Therefore, in a broad sense, it is difficult to promote the power exchange mode, but it can really solve the long-term problem of difficult charging; From the narrow sense of a single brand and model, the battery changing mode has indeed solved the problem of difficult/slow charging.

There are many respiratory diseases in children in winter, among which influenza virus is one of the common pathogens. What are the typical symptoms of influenza? How does the flu spread and how long is the incubation period of the flu?

1. What are the typical symptoms of influenza?
Children infected with influenza virus can show fever, chills, headache, myalgia and other general malaise, often accompanied by respiratory diseases, such as cough, sore throat and runny nose.
The degree of fever in young children may be heavier, and some children may also have febrile convulsions; In addition, they will have more gastrointestinal symptoms, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and poor appetite.
A very small number of children infected with influenza may develop into severe influenza, causing laryngitis, pneumonia, encephalopathy, myocarditis and so on.

2. How does the flu spread and how long is the incubation period?
Influenza virus can spread from person to person through respiratory droplets (such as sneezing, coughing and talking) or after polluting the surface of objects.
Influenza viruses can also spread through small air particles released by influenza patients when they breathe. Influenza patients are the main source of infection.
The incubation period of influenza is generally 1~7 days, and most of them are 2~4 days.

3. How long is the general course of influenza and what is the change of the course?
For children without basic diseases, the course of influenza virus infection is acute and self-limited, and most symptoms disappear within 2~3 days after onset. Some children’s fever lasts for 5 days, and most of them recover within 1 week. However, cough may last for a long time, and the fatigue of a few older children (over seven or eight years old) may last for several weeks.

4. How to distinguish the flu from the common cold?
The full name of the flu is called "influenza", and you may think it is similar to the common cold, but the flu and the common cold cannot be confused.
The common cold can be caused by many pathogens, among which viruses are the most common, including rhinovirus, adenovirus, metapneumovirus, bocavirus, etc. Bacteria and mycoplasma can also cause the common cold.
The symptoms of the common cold are mild, usually low-to-moderate fever, which lasts for 1-2 days, and may be accompanied by symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, stuffy nose and slight cough, while systemic symptoms such as chills, headache and joint muscle pain are very mild. Generally, there are no serious complications.
Influenza is mainly caused by influenza A and B virus infection, with high fever, shivering, headache, joint muscle pain and other systemic symptoms. A few influenza patients may have complications such as rhabdomyolysis, pneumonia, encephalitis and encephalopathy.
In the flu season, children with flu-like symptoms, especially those with a history of contact with influenza patients, should first consider influenza virus infection, which can be diagnosed by influenza virus antigen detection or influenza virus nucleic acid detection. (Healthy China)

　　Iron and steel industry is an important basic industry of national economy. Steel products are used in national defense security and people’s production and life, and weapons and equipment, energy production, transportation, machine building, housing construction and so on are inseparable from steel materials. At the same time, the steel industry is also a typical high energy consumption and high emission industry. Doing a good job in energy saving and emission reduction in the steel industry is of great significance for China to achieve the goal of "double carbon". The steel industry has a high degree of industrial correlation and a long supply chain. To promote the green and low-carbon development of the steel industry, efforts must be made from the whole chain of the steel industry chain and supply chain.

　　First, energy conservation and emission reduction in the steel industry chain and supply chain are the highlights of "carbon reduction"

　　(1) Steel production has a large carbon emission and high unit energy consumption.

　　The development stage of China’s economy, the characteristics of resource endowment, the heavy industrial structure and the energy structure dominated by fossil energy make China’s carbon emission base large and grow rapidly. Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization "China2030Peak carbon dioxide emissions Research Report years ago shows that,2019In, China’s total social carbon emissions were about105100 million tons, of which carbon emissions from energy activities are about98Billions of tons, accounting for a proportion87%. In the carbon emission structure in the field of energy activities, the proportion of carbon emissions in the field of energy production and transformation and the field of energy terminal consumption is respectively47%and53%The steel industry is the industry with the largest carbon emission in the field of energy terminal consumption, accounting for the carbon emission in the field of energy activities.17%, much higher than the second and third building materials (8%) and chemical industry (6%) industry.2017China’s steel emissions per ton in.2Tons of carbon dioxide, far higher than the international advanced level.2018In, the comprehensive energy consumption per ton of steel in key large and medium-sized iron and steel enterprises in China reached.555Kilogram standard coal/Tons, much higher than Germany.251Kilogram standard coal/Tons, USA276Kilogram standard coal/Tons. It can be seen that the carbon emissions from steel production account for the largest proportion in the field of energy consumption, while the unit energy consumption is high, which is far from the international advanced level.

　　(B) steel logistics, transport links, carbon emissions.

　　At present, China has built the most complete steel industry system in the global industrial chain, effectively supporting the steel demand of downstream industries and the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and the steel output is continuous.25Ranked first in the world in, resulting in a huge amount of logistics. The main reason for the large carbon emission of logistics in China’s steel industry is that it is influenced by resource endowment. In the transportation of raw materials, due to the shortage of domestic natural mineral resources, especially high-grade mineral resources, steel raw materials rely on imports, resulting in long-distance transportation. Second, it is influenced by the layout of the steel industry. Domestic raw materials are mainly transported from the north to the south, which makes the transportation distance of raw materials involving iron ore, coking coal and other bulk materials longer. In the transportation of finished products, due to the large number, high dispersion and wide distribution of iron and steel enterprises in China, the layout of production areas is far from the consumer market, which makes the finished products need large-scale and long-distance transportation. The long-term demand in the southeast coastal areas, especially in the Pearl River Delta region, is large, and the production capacity in the Bohai Rim region needs to flow to the south. Third, it is influenced by production technology. China’s iron and steel production is mainly based on long-flow technology, and the transshipment in the factory is complicated. Generally speaking, the annual output of crude steel is up to.10100 million tons, the corresponding flow is about100100 million tons, of which four are transported outside the factory and six are transported inside the factory. Fourth, it is influenced by the mode of steel transportation. Transportation is the second largest field of energy consumption and carbon emission in China. Among them, the energy consumption of highways is the largest, and the energy consumption accounts for the total amount in the transportation field.83%Waterway is the second, and railway is the cleanest and low-carbon mode of transportation, and its energy consumption accounts for the total amount of transportation.3%. Road transportation is widely used in China’s steel logistics, which inevitably produces a lot of carbon emissions. Therefore, the iron and steel industry is influenced by many factors, such as resource endowment, production layout, technology and transportation mode, with high output, large logistics volume and huge carbon emissions.

　　Second, the steel industry must take effective measures to reduce carbon emissions.

　　(A) the establishment of carbon emission accounting system, to guide the industry carbon emission reduction.

　　Carbon trading is a transaction that takes carbon dioxide emission rights as a commodity, thus forming carbon dioxide emission rights.2011In, the pilot project of carbon emissions trading in China started.2013The first carbon emission trading platform started trading in Shenzhen in 2006. Since then, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Guangdong, Hubei, Chongqing and other provinces and cities have successively launched pilot carbon emission trading. this yearsevenmoon16The national carbon emissions trading market opened on June. Because the power generation industry is in the field of energy production and conversion with the largest carbon emission in the whole society, it is first included in the national carbon emission trading market.

　　In order to achieve the goal of "double carbon", the steel industry, as the industry with the largest carbon emission in the field of energy terminal consumption, is the key area of carbon control management, and will be included in the national carbon emission trading market in the future, so as to promote the transformation of steel production enterprises to clean production and reduce carbon emissions. Therefore, it is urgent for iron and steel enterprises to develop carbon emission accounting standard system, carbon control organization system and personnel training, so as to establish carbon emission accounting system in iron and steel industry and lay the foundation for carbon quota allocation and carbon emission trading system implementation.

　　(B) the implementation of steel production process transformation, reduce carbon emissions in production.

　　The 14th Five-Year Plan proposes to promote the clean and efficient utilization of fossil energy such as coal, and promote the green transformation of steel, petrochemical, building materials and other industries. Global Energy Internet Development Cooperation Organization "China2030Years ago, the peak carbon dioxide emissions Research Report put forward that to realize peak carbon dioxide emissions, it is necessary to "change the energy production mode with clean substitution and change the energy use mode with electric energy substitution".

　　The technological transformation of green steel production includes electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking. Electric furnace steelmaking is the main way to promote the substitution of electric energy, with scrap steel as the main raw material and electricity as the main energy source. This method has low energy consumption, low emissions and obvious advantages in energy saving and emission reduction. At present, the proportion of electric furnace steelmaking in China is only9%The proportion of electric furnace steelmaking in the United States and the European Union reached respectively.62%、40%. At present, the development conditions of electric furnace steelmaking are mature, energy saving and environmental protection. China should adopt lower carbon electric furnace steelmaking to reduce carbon emissions in steel production. Hydrogen energy steelmaking is beneficial for hydrogen to replace carbon monoxide as reducing agent, and there is no carbon dioxide emission in the reduction process, which can realize complete decarbonization of steel production and is the future development direction.

　　(C) steel logistics to green transformation, reducing carbon emissions in the steel supply chain

　　Iron and steel logistics should achieve green development by changing the mode of transportation, developing multimodal transport and developing smart transportation. The first is to change the mode of transportation. On the one hand, it is to promote "replacing oil with electricity" and promote enterprises to use new energy vehicles for road transportation. At present, China’s new energy vehicle industry is leading the world, new technologies are constantly emerging, the cost of lithium batteries is declining, and hydrogen energy technology is gradually mature and applied, which has the advantage of developing new energy vehicles; On the other hand, we should change from road transportation to cleaner railway transportation, reduce the proportion of road transportation, increase the proportion of railway transportation, speed up the construction of freight railway, solve the "last mile" problem and attract enterprises to choose railway transportation. In the 14th Five-Year Plan, it is proposed to speed up the transportation of bulk goods and medium and long-distance goods by "revolving iron" and "revolving water". Secondly, develop multimodal transport, strengthen infrastructure construction, multimodal transport station construction, logistics park construction and so on. Finally, it is necessary to develop intelligent transportation. First, it is necessary to develop autonomous driving technology. According to the research of the Ministry of Transport, self-driving cars can save fuel more than human driving.12%It is more energy-saving and environmentally friendly. At present, China’s autonomous driving technology is developing rapidly, and the conditions for popularization and application are basically available; The second is to build an information platform to promote the development of shared transportation mode and improve the pendulum of logistics, and realize real-time data exchange and information sharing through the information platform to improve logistics efficiency.

　　Third, the implementation of carbon emission reduction measures in the steel industry has a huge impact on costs.

　　(A) The steel industry carbon emissions accounting system needs to increase investment.According to the requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, it is necessary to promote the market-oriented trading of carbon emission rights. The investment in carbon market construction is not only the investment in carbon emission system construction, but also the investment in various supporting measures within enterprises. The construction of carbon emission accounting system in iron and steel industry needs a lot of people, money and materials.

　　(2) The carbon emission cost of steel production is on the rise.Judging from the spot trading market of carbon emission quotas in the past few years, the overall trend of most trading markets is that the total transaction amount is on the rise and the average transaction price is on the rise. This shows that the transaction cost of carbon emissions of substandard enterprises will gradually increase. According to the transaction data published by Guangzhou Carbon Emissions Exchange,2015Annual turnover11399.2Ten thousand yuan is far below2020Annual turnover83454.15Ten thousand yuan, the average transaction price2020Annual25.58Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons higher than2015Annual16.38Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons.Judging from the national carbon market transaction data released by Shanghai Stock Exchange, the first month of market opening (sevenmoon16Solsticesevenmoon30Date) Monthly turnover of listed agreement transactions505.2Ten thousand tons,Highest transaction price61.07Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Average transaction price per ton and month51.86Yuan Dynasty (1206-1368)/Tons, much higher than the transaction price at the time of the pilot.In addition, EU carbon emission quota trading data shows that,2018The annual average closing price is17.45euro/Tons,2019The annual average closing price is24.91euro/Tons.As can be seen from the carbon emissions trading between China and the EUThe transaction price keeps rising, and the carbon emission cost of substandard enterprises keeps increasing.

　　(C) Road transportation of steel logistics needs to pay a price for carbon emissions."Double Integral" in Automobile IndustryThe policy (namely "Measures for Parallel Management of Average Fuel Consumption of Passenger Car Enterprises and New Energy Vehicle Points") stipulates that the average fuel consumption of passenger car enterprises will generate positive points when it is lower than the standard value, and negative points when it is higher than the standard value. The integral trading market is a free trading market, and the price at the highest point of each integral can reach.3000Yuan. Changan automobile2020The annual expenses for solving the problem of substandard points are as high as.7.4100 million yuan. Weilai automobile is at2019Obtained in 200810Ten thousand points in2020Sold and brought in the second half of 20081.2Net income of 100 million yuan.

　　(D) Steel production needs to pay more for technological transformation.The technological transformation of green steel production includes electric furnace steelmaking and hydrogen energy steelmaking. In the short term, technological research and development and technological transformation need constant cost investment. In the long run, it will reduce carbon emissions and reduce carbon emission costs.

　　(E) The green development of steel logistics needs a lot of capital investment.It is necessary to realize green logistics by changing the mode of transportation, developing multimodal transport and developing smart transportation, and the transformation of related modes of transportation, infrastructure construction and logistics informatization construction all require a lot of capital investment. In the short term, it will bring a large increase in costs, but in the long term, it will bring about a reduction in carbon emissions and an improvement in logistics efficiency in the steel supply chain, thus reducing the logistics costs of the steel industry. In order to achieve the goal of "double carbon", the steel industry should actively explore the countermeasures to reduce costs and increase efficiency. Incorporate the cost of green development resources and environment into the cost accounting system. To achieve green management, reduce energy intensity and reduce carbon emissions, it needs to pay a lot of resources and environmental costs. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the resources and environmental costs into the overall cost of the steel supply chain and abandon the previous cost accounting methods that only account for manufacturing and logistics costs. Based on a comprehensive understanding of the overall cost of the iron and steel industry chain and supply chain, this paper systematically analyzes the influence of various factors on its cost with detailed cost data, and puts forward the countermeasures to realize the green development of the iron and steel industry to reduce costs and increase efficiency. At the same time, we should actively study measures such as changing industrial layout to improve industrial concentration, optimizing product structure to improve added value of products, changing traditional management concepts, adopting short-distance multimodal transport, improving production and transportation efficiency by means of informationization and digitalization, and improving the recycling of solid gas waste gas from steel production, so as to reduce the cost of steel industry chain and supply chain and promote the healthy and sustainable development of steel industry.

　　(Author: Zhao Hong, Chen Jingyi,　Price cost survey center)

Since January 1st, 2019, when the weight is 4.5 tons or less, the double certificates have been cancelled, so that the card users have less difficulties in obtaining certificates, and the personal agency and industry affiliation have also lost their capital. The burden on the road has been reduced, and the reform in streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services has won unanimous praise.

Recently, the General Office of the Ministry of Transport issued the Notice on Further Improving the Work Related to the "streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services" Reform of General Freight Vehicles with a Gross Mass of 4,500 kg or Less, which deepened streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services from five aspects: changing the management mode of light truck transportation, strengthening the supervision of light truck transportation in key areas, strictly implementing the safety management system of LTL transportation, guiding and improving the service efficiency of light truck transportation, and doing a good job in monitoring and analyzing the operation of urban and rural logistics distribution market.

If the cancellation of dual certificates is to reduce the threshold of employment and reduce the cost burden of card friends, then this time it is to exert its strength in management and service.

A small light truck with a large tonnage burst out in the light truck market, with a high incidence of safety accidents and worrying prospects. Since the re-inspection of light trucks, there has been a wave of returning cars, and the voice of increasing tons has been constantly rising. However, the General Office of the Ministry of Transport has chosen to make efforts in management and service at this time. What is the intention behind it?

The Notice issued by the General Office of the Ministry of Transport on Further Improving the Work Related to the streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services Reform of General Freight Vehicles with a Gross Mass of 4,500 kg or less does not focus on the simple administration and decentralization of the industry, but this time focuses on supervision and service, in which strict supervision is still the norm in the industry. This time, specific supervision norms and service efficiency are put forward for the whole chain participants such as supervision departments, operating entities, cargo types, transport vehicles and online freight enterprises.

The regulatory authorities changed the management mode of light trucks, combined with streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services, innovated the transportation organization mode, and promoted the equipment upgrade of light trucks. Operate enterprises, implement the main responsibility of safety production, and strengthen vehicle technical management and personnel safety education and training.

Refine the transport scenarios according to the types of goods, strengthen supervision, strictly regulate the access management of cold chain logistics transport and dangerous goods transport, and strictly implement the relevant systems such as spot check in the acceptance process of LTL goods, shipper’s real-name registration system, consigned goods registration and information retention for LTL goods transport, so as to prevent prohibited goods from being carried in the goods. Once it is found that it has not been implemented according to law.

Operating trucks covers the whole chain from industry access management to post-event supervision. On the one hand, the access management of enterprises that use light trucks to engage in refrigerated and fresh-keeping transportation and dangerous goods transportation. On the other hand, strengthen supervision after the event for transport enterprises and light trucks.

For stubborn diseases such as operating light trucks with large tons and small labels, illegally carrying people, and overloading and exceeding the limit, we should strengthen law enforcement and realize normalization and standardization of law enforcement at the same time.

For the network freight platform, there is nothing more than two requirements. On the one hand, it is necessary to strengthen the monitoring and analysis of the urban and rural logistics distribution market and guide the urban and rural logistics distribution operators to make scientific decisions. On the other hand, it is necessary to strengthen the management of the actual carriers who use light trucks to operate, and make full use of credit evaluation, incentives, rewards and punishments, etc. to urge them to standardize transportation behavior.

In terms of services, it is mainly to promote the convenience of using new energy vehicles and their right of way for newly-added logistics and distribution light vehicles. At the same time, it is necessary to guide light truck distribution enterprises to speed up the development of advanced transportation organization modes such as common distribution, centralized distribution and unified distribution, and promote container units such as lifting tailboards and pallets for vehicles to improve transportation and loading efficiency.

Encourage network platform road freight transport enterprises to integrate logistics resources by means of "internet plus" information technology, continuously improve the efficiency of urban freight distribution, and promote the reduction of terminal distribution costs.

After the cancellation of double certificates for trucks of 4.5 tons and below, the management reform of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services for trucks of 4.5 tons and below was refined from five aspects. The urban distribution market will usher in new development, new energy light trucks will become the seed players in the urban distribution market, and advanced transportation organization modes such as joint distribution, centralized distribution and unified distribution will be ushered in.

Loading and unloading tailboards and pallets to improve freight efficiency will be widely used. Large-ton and small-scale, overloading and overrun are still the focus of strict road inspection. It is inevitable to refine the transportation market and supervise the whole chain, and strict management of the industry is still the norm.

Among ordinary trucks with a capacity of 4.5 tons or less, the market share of Guanglan brand light trucks is as high as 5.57 million, which is related to the whole urban distribution market.

Blue brand light truck is the main force in the urban distribution market, and it is also the hardest hit area with large tons and small standards. After the major traffic accident in Songyuan on October 4, the light truck market ushered in the butterfly effect, and the illegal manufacturers were interviewed to strictly investigate the overweight and illegal licensing, the recall of empty cars, the deduction of fines on the road, and the suspension of the nest. This year, the blue brand light truck was seriously damaged.

Once the new energy light truck will become the main force in the urban distribution market, the yellow card and blue card will give way to the green card, and the market position of the blue light truck will surely plummet.

At present, the voice of increasing the tonnage of blue brand light trucks is high. Increasing the tonnage solves the stubborn problem of overloading empty cars of blue brand light trucks, but what may be behind it may endanger the freight order and even lead to safety risks, which can not completely cure the hidden dangers of the industry. At present, even if the voice of card friends is high, various channels are voiced, and under the weather vane of strict management, the difficulty of increasing tons is still not great.

At this time, the general office of the Ministry of Transport chose to make efforts in management and service, perhaps because it thought that making efforts in management and service would be the key weapon to scientifically and properly guide the light truck market. Moreover, the purpose of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services is to reduce the burden and create a convenient development environment, improve the efficiency of the urban distribution market and reduce transportation costs, and promote the development of the industry scientifically and properly. The risks brought by the increase in tons run counter to the purpose of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services.

For a long time, light trucks have been a link between the preceding and the following in the urban distribution market. They are the main force in the urban distribution market and the hardest hit areas with large tons and small standards. The light truck industry is in turmoil, and the urban distribution market will certainly be affected. At present, the contradiction between big tons and small standards is prominent, involving a wide range of card friends and affecting all aspects of production, sales, registration, supervision and transportation.

Freight cars with a capacity of 4.5 tons or less are the focus of streamline administration, delegate power, strengthen regulation and improve services’s reform and the key to improving the efficiency of the urban distribution market. However, under the weather vane of strict management, it is still very difficult to increase the tonnage. Whether the management and service efforts are the crux of ensuring freight safety for a long time and promoting cost reduction and efficiency improvement in the light truck market also requires market verification and time test!

At present, the survival of card friends is very important. For each card friend, it is necessary to survive first, and then we can talk about safety and service. How to make the card friends transition scientifically and steadily is more critical and important! (Text/Ka Jia Hao: Lin Jin)

The original Li Qingchao returned to the park and was included in the topic # Virus Supertalk 5.

Herpes virus is one of the most widely distributed viruses in human beings, and it can not be eliminated by human body, which will harass you for life and even give you a fatal blow. What’s more, herpes virus is hard to prevent, so we have to be prepared for the onset, and some preparations are particularly important.

Have a sexual partner? Have pets? Have a baby? Are you pregnant? Old? Have other immune diseases? (Nothing is contagious …) Please read aloud and recite the full text with emotion to find out.

Author | Li Qingchao (Shandong Normal University)

People generally refer to small things, problems and troubles as "little kiss case", and our people also have a saying called "little bubble". Small blisters refer to blisters or pustules on the skin or mucosa, which can be caused by burns or infections. In this issue, we introduce a kind of "blister-loving" virus: herpesviruses.

The word "herpes" comes from the Greek word "herpein", which describes the feeling that insects crawl slowly on the skin and is extended to "spread". Common lip blistering is often a herpes attack, and chickenpox, which is itchy and painful and can’t be scratched, is also a ghost of herpes virus. Of course, you may have heard of these. However, the distribution of herpes virus is much wider and more kinds than you think, and the possible consequences of ordinary "small bubbles" are much more serious than you think. Dr. House once diagnosed a case of encephalitis caused by herpes simplex virus.

Figure 1. Although this line is not o(╯□╰)o 丨 from House, S02E19.

On the occasion of a beautiful holiday, we mainly pay attention to those little bubbles in sexual life, as well as those that will exist without sexual life, and then get to know their brothers and sisters.

Herpes virus: the virus in you.

Herpes virus is a large class of enveloped viruses with double-stranded linear DNA genome (Figure 1), which can be divided into three subfamilies: α, β or γ, and 107 species have been confirmed (data of ICTV in 2019). There are 8 kinds of Human herpesvirus (HHV) that can infect people (HHV1~8), among which HHV1~5 is the most common herpes virus in people, and more than 90% of adults are infected with at least one kind. They mainly cause spreading vesicular lesions on skin or mucosa (HHV1~3), and also cause symptoms such as mononucleosis, nasopharyngeal carcinoma and retinopathy (HHV4~5).

Figure 2: Typical Structure of Herpes Virus: Ekaterina E. Heldwein, Science, 2018

Herpes virus infection is characterized by ① high infection rate, ② latent infection, ③ lifelong infection, incurable, ④ repeated activation, ⑤ inconspicuous infection symptoms and ⑤ opportunistic infection.

The so-called latent infection means that the virus exists in a hidden form or dormant state in the human body, and it hardly replicates and does not cause infection symptoms.

Latent infection is the reason why herpes virus cannot be cured. Herpes virus, a habit of "I’ll go in, I won’t move around", makes it difficult for the immune system to detect it, does not trigger an immune response, and cannot be eliminated by the immune system. In this way, the herpes virus can stay in the human body for a long time. So far, there is no antiviral drug or vaccine that can completely eliminate herpes virus in infected people.

Of course, herpes virus is not always in a latent state. When other pathogens are infected, or suffer from strong sunlight stimulation (such as sunburn), and the immunity is low, herpes virus can remove the latent infection state and enter the active replication period, causing diseases such as herpes. Moreover, this activation process can occur repeatedly in infected people, leading to repeated illness of virus carriers. Some opportunistic herpes viruses themselves can further weaken human immunity and lead to more serious diseases.

"Life lies in stillness". Herpes virus successfully infects and exists in billions of people with a "low-key" survival philosophy, waiting for an opportunity. When the beautiful holiday is coming, let’s pay attention to those little bubbles in sexual life first.

Herpes simplex virus type Ⅱ

Herpes Simplex Virus 2（HSV-2）

Herpes grows on the genitals and is called genital herpes. It is a common sexually transmitted infection (), and the main pathogen is herpes simplex virus II (HSV-2/HHV-2). It is estimated that about 846 million people (12% of the world’s population) suffer from genital herpes (The Lancet data in 2016).

After HSV-2 infection, most people have no symptoms or mild symptoms, so they don’t know that they have been infected at all. Generally, it occurs 4 days after contact with the source of infection, and the symptoms can last for 4 weeks. Small, single or patches of blisters will appear in the external genitalia and around the genitals, anus and perianal region, and painful ulcers and herpes sores will be formed after the blisters burst.

During the onset, it may be accompanied by symptoms such as fever, pain or swollen inguinal lymph nodes. In rare cases, there will be symptoms such as painful urination, dysuria, cervicitis and proctitis.

After the first attack, about 80% people will relapse, with an average recurrence of 4 to 6 times a year. The first attack is often the most serious, and it usually takes 2~3 weeks to fully recover. Recurrence is usually mild and can be recovered within a few days.

Genital herpes mainly goes through the following stages:

There is a tingling or itching sensation in the affected area, which usually occurs within 12 to 24 hours after the onset of the disease.

A single or sheet-like liquid-filled blister is generated.

Blisters burst and become herpes sores or ulcers.

The sore surface or ulcer indicates that the scab is dry and finally healed.

Figure 3: HSV-2 and genital herpes, herpes genital tips

HSV-2 is transmitted through kissing and skin contact, and can also be transmitted from person to person through vaginal, oral or anal sexual intercourse. In a word, if your skin or genitals come into contact with the secretions of infected people, you may be infected. Therefore, the risk of sexual transmission of HSV-2 is one in a thousand, and the risk of transmission between husband and wife is about 7.5% every year. Using condoms can reduce the risk of HSV-2 infection by half.

There is no vaccine for HSV-2 at present. It can be prevented according to the preventive measures of sexually transmitted diseases, but as mentioned above, condoms can only partially reduce the risk. If herpes is found in vulva, anus and surrounding areas, you should go out for an excuse and evacuate the scene to avoid sexual contact. Because visible skin or mucosal blisters and ulcers can produce a large number of viruses.

However, even if the infected person has no symptoms and no skin sores, his mucosa can release the virus (reproductive tract secretions are poisonous), and there is still a risk of transmission.

TIP！

Herpes cannot spread through the surface of toilet seats and other objects, because the survival ability of herpes virus after leaving the human body is very poor.

Mothers infected with HSV-2 can transmit it to their newborns through vertical transmission. During childbirth, the virus can infect the skin, mouth, lungs or eyes of newborns. If the virus spreads in the uterus, it may even lead to serious infection of the brain and other important organs of the fetus. However, if the mother has no symptoms or blisters during childbirth, the risk of infection transmission is extremely small.

If the mother is infected with HSV-2 in the late pregnancy, the risk of vertical transmission is greater. Therefore, it is suggested that women with genital herpes should take antiviral drugs in the last few weeks of pregnancy before delivery, and pregnant women with obvious ulcers during delivery should be encouraged to have caesarean section to prevent HSV-2 from being transmitted to newborns. If the newborn is infected with herpes, it needs to be treated by intravenous antiviral drugs.

When people with genital herpes are naturally exposed to HIV, the risk of HIV infection is estimated to increase by two to four times. This is because the ulcer caused by herpes infection or the damage of skin and mucosa (oral cavity, vagina and rectal intima) may damage the protective effect of skin and mucosa. HSV infection can also increase the number of CD4 cells in genital mucosa, and HIV can invade these cells.

Similarly, if HIV-infected people suffer from genital herpes at the same time, they are more likely to spread HIV to others. In people who are co-infected with HIV and HSV, the replication, activation and release of HIV in genital herpes infection sites will increase the risk of HIV transmission to sexual partners.

HSV-2 cannot be cleared. When genital herpes occurs, oral antiviral drugs can be used for treatment, including valaciclovir, famciclovir and acyclovir. Severe patients should be given acyclovir intravenously. Although these antiviral drugs can not eliminate herpes virus infection, they can reduce the severity of symptoms and shorten the duration of symptoms. The first attack or recurrence should be treated as soon as possible. Taking antiviral drugs every day can reduce the frequency and severity of recurrence and reduce the risk of transmitting the virus to sexual partners.

TIP！

Pre-pregnancy examination can choose to detect herpes simplex virus.

Herpes simplex virus type I

Herpes Simplex Virus 1（HSV-1）

Now, let’s take our eyes back from our crotch and look at our lips in the mirror. Is there a "fire knot"? When winter comes, many people will grow some small blisters or sores around their lips, which is a typical symptom caused by herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1/HHV-1): Herpes labialis (Figure 4), commonly known as getting angry.

Figure 4: Cold sores, eye herpes, herpetic keratitis, facial herpes, gingival herpes and finger herpes caused by HSV-1 infection | Source: wikipedia.

According to the latest research, it is estimated that there are billions of people suffering from cold sores in the world, among whom 67% are infected with HSV-1, which is equivalent to 3.7 billion people.

I don’t need to tell you the symptoms of cold sores infected by HSV-1, as you know: burning pain, small blisters, and sore surface damage. Cold sores usually heal in about two weeks, but they will recur. Let’s see what the virus did during the onset:

Figure 5: Onset stage of cold sores (click to enlarge) Alex Semprini1 et al., BMJ, 2019.

From the prodromal stage to the blister stage (day 0~3), the virus did not cause an open sore surface. At this stage, antiviral ointment can be used to suppress the deterioration of the disease. You can consider using ointment containing antiviral components such as valaciclovir and acyclovir and hydrocortisone.

From the blistering stage to the healing stage (day 2-14), an open sore surface has been caused, and the liquid on the sore surface contains a lot of viruses. At this stage, you should avoid picking by hand to prevent the disease from getting worse or secondary bacterial infection, and don’t scratch other parts of the body after picking herpes.

During the onset of cold sores, you should avoid eating spicy, greasy or heavy-tasting food, and don’t eat citrus fruits to avoid irritating the wound.

In fact, "cold sore" is a symptom name, and HSV-1 can also occur in other parts-in the eyes, it is called peripheral herpes (even herpetic keratitis), in the face, it is called facial herpes, in the hands, it is called herpes gingivitis in the gums (the first infection is easy to occur), and it can be herpetic angina in the throat …

HSV-1 can also cause genital herpes, but that is not a typical symptom of HSV-1.

In most cases, HSV-1 is asymptomatic after infection, but lurks in the trigeminal ganglion-just above the auricle (Figure 6). Psychological stress, menstruation, sunburn, fever, dehydration or local skin trauma may reactivate HSV-1. Dental or neurosurgical operations, lip tattoos or dermabrasion are also common causes.

The activated virus can spread again, then actively migrate to the primary infection site (usually lips or eyes) and replicate, causing cold sores or herpetic keratitis. Virus particles produced after activation can also reach the brain, causing a rare but serious diffuse acute brain infection, namely herpes simplex encephalitis (Figure 6).

Fig. 6: Latency and activation of HSV-1. Note that the trigeminal ganglion is just above the auricle. (Click to enlarge) | Source: Trends in Microbiology

HSV-1 is mainly transmitted through oral mucosa or damaged skin contact with body fluids containing virus. Therefore, we should not share things that come into contact with the oral cavity, such as toothbrushes and water cups, and avoid close contact with others (avoid kissing, oral sex or excessive physical collision).

If you have cold sores, we should avoid touching the sore surface and wash our hands frequently during the onset. Because cold sores can spread to other parts of the body through fingers, such as eyes, skin or fingers, this process is called "self-inoculation". Finger infection may occur when children with cold sores or primary HSV-1 infection suck their fingers. Therefore, even if you have been infected with herpes virus, you should avoid spreading herpes to other parts of your body.

HSV-1 causes this kind of "small blister", and there are many infected people, but the symptoms are not serious. At present, there is no treatment or vaccine for this virus.

Attention! !

"caring for each other" can describe the deep affection between husband and wife, and "caring for grandchildren" is the joy of grandparents and grandchildren. I don’t care about the affairs of adults, and I can’t manage them. When it comes to infants, I still have to emphasize two words: I must avoid contact with strangers, let alone kiss (Figure 7). Resolutely put an end to the bad habit of chewing food and feeding babies! Ouch! Not even parents, not at all!

Figure 7: Poor baby reminds you: Don’t kiss blindly | Source: theAsianparent.com

Chickenpox-herpes zoster virus

Varicella-Zoster Virus（VZV）

Next, let’s look back on the past and learn about varicella-zoster virus (VZV/HHV-3) from the long river of time. VZV is also our old friend, and it can even be said that it has not been seen for many years. When I was a child, I met it, and it was called chickenpox. When I saw it when I grew up, it drifted away. It was called "waist-bound dragon", "snake’s disk sore", "spider’s sore" and "snake Dan" … In fact, its original name was herpes zoster.

Children, teenagers and young people are infected with VZV, which causes chickenpox, while adults infected with VZV often cause herpes zoster. VZV has a wide range of influences. In 2013, there were 140 million cases of varicella and herpes zoster worldwide (reported by The Lancet in 2015), which caused thousands of deaths every year.

The first time we fell in love with this virus was in the respiratory tract.

Primary VZV infection begins with epithelial cells of upper respiratory mucosa, and then spreads to tonsils and other local lymphoid tissues. Infected T cells can spread the virus to the skin through blood transportation from these lymphoid tissues, causing herpes zoster distributed all over the body.

During the primary infection, the virus is transported reversely from the infected skin along the nerve axon, or the virus is brought into the sensory neuron cells of the ganglion through T cells, and a latent infection is established in the dorsal root ganglion. After virus replication is reactivated, VZV can re-enter skin cells via anterograde axon transport, causing herpes zoster (Figure 8).

The skin lesions and leachate of chickenpox and herpes zoster contain high concentrations of infectious viruses, so they are easily transmitted to susceptible people.

Figure 8. VZV infection process and symptoms (click to enlarge) | Source: Cleveland Clinic

Chickenpox in children usually begins to appear 10 to 21 days after being infected with the virus. Early symptoms include nausea, loss of appetite, muscle aches and headaches, and then chicken pox on the chest, back and face until it spreads all over the body (Figure 8). Other symptoms include fever and fatigue, and may also cause symptoms such as pneumonia, encephalitis and bacterial dermatosis, which last for about a week.

The symptoms of chickenpox infection in teenagers are more serious than those in children. The consequences of infection in pregnant women are more serious. The virus may spread through the placenta and infect the fetus, resulting in fetal malformation, congenital varicella syndrome or premature delivery.

If the child has chickenpox, the following methods can be used for care:

Use a cool and clean wet towel or bathe in warm water to relieve skin itching and discomfort.

Dry your body by patting it with a dry towel, and don’t rub it to prevent the chickenpox from bursting.

Use calamine lotion (avoid face) and analgesic cream when necessary.

Trim nails and keep them clean, and put gloves on your child before going to bed to avoid scratches.

If you have chicken pox in your mouth, you need to eat cool, soft and light food, and avoid eating sour, salty, hot and spicy food.

If the condition is serious, you need to seek medical advice in time.

When you are old, immunosuppressed or immunocompromised, VZV lurking in the body is easy to activate and then come out as a demon-this is Shingles.

When herpes zoster comes on, it will produce a wide herpes band on the face or one side of the body, which is full of blisters and rashes, stinging or painful, and some people will have fever, pain and feel tired. The rash usually heals within 2-4 weeks.

Some people will have nerve pain symptoms similar to electric shock or burn for months or years after the recovery of herpes zoster. This situation is called "postherpetic neuralgia", which is nerve damage caused by VZV, and it is easy to occur in people with low immunity such as the elderly. It is estimated that there is a 1/3 chance of suffering from herpes zoster in a person’s life, which is more common in the old age (the annual incidence rate of people over 65 is about 1%) and generally does not recur.

The onset of herpes zoster will produce a red band-shaped herpes on one side of the body, and it is often accompanied by severe pain. It is rumored in Jianghu that "if this dragon/snake wraps around its waist, people will die", but fortunately, my waist is thick.

. Obviously, this is nonsense. I assure you that herpes zoster rarely grows in a full circle, because VZV lurks in the dorsal root ganglion, and the herpes after activation is limited to the corresponding skin segment. The so-called skin section refers to the skin area dominated by various spinal nerves, which is distributed up and down in the human trunk and separated from the left and right (Figure 9). However, VZV does have a certain lethality, causing about 6,000 deaths every year (The Lancet reported in 2016).

Fig. 9: Distribution of skin segments of human upper body. Herpes zoster only occurs in the corresponding skin segments in the latent area | Source: wikipedia.

Different from herpes simplex virus HSV, VZV is an air-borne disease with strong transmission ability. An infected person can spread to another person with a sneeze/cough. Chickenpox or herpes zoster can also spread through contact with the skin surface with herpes from 1-2 days before it appears until herpes scabs.

At present, there are vaccines against VZV, and some areas in China have been included in the immunization program. . Injection of VZV vaccine will reduce the incidence of chickenpox and herpes zoster, and more importantly, even if you have chickenpox or herpes zoster, the vaccine can greatly reduce the proportion of moderate and severe patients.

VZV vaccine is not suitable for pregnant women, tuberculosis patients, people with low immunity and immunosuppression, and allergens should be tested before vaccination. It should be noted that once a family member has been vaccinated with VZV, personally, it is suggested that all close family members should be vaccinated together. The low VZV vaccination rate may increase the risk of herpes zoster among unvaccinated people. Because the VZV vaccine currently used is an attenuated live vaccine.

After getting chickenpox or herpes zoster, you need to take care of your skin carefully to prevent secondary infection. In severe cases, you can use analgesics, antiviral drugs and steroids. Be careful not to take aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid) when you are suffering from chickenpox or herpes zoster, and when you are vaccinated with VZV, because aspirin will increase the risk of Reye’s syndrome caused by VZV-Reye’s syndrome is a rapidly deteriorating brain disease with brain dysfunction such as persistent vomiting, extreme sleepiness or aggressive behavior.

Other herpes viruses

Finally, let’s take a look at several other common people infected with herpes virus. Their common feature is still: if you are infected, you will never want to get rid of it. When your immunity is weak, you must make waves.

Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV/HHV-4) is one of the most commonly infected viruses. Its spread is somewhat similar to HSV-1. It is generally spread through saliva, and it has the nickname of "the kissing disease". It can also be spread by sharing food, drinks and dental utensils. Of course, EBV also exists in other body fluids. Infection often occurs in infants and young children. Half of the children under the age of six have been infected with EBV, and more than 90% of the people in adulthood have been infected with EBV.

EBV generally infects B cells and epithelial cells, and can lurk in B cells for life. Under the conditions of overwork, nutritional deficiency, excessive sadness, hormone fluctuation (puberty, pregnancy, menopause) and childbirth, EBV can be activated, thus causing diseases.

Children infected with EBV often have no symptoms. When adolescents or adults are infected with EBV, there is a 35% to 50% chance of causing infectious mononucleosis, resulting in fatigue, fever, pharyngitis, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, rash and other symptoms. EBV infection is related to malignant tumors such as lymphoma, gastric cancer and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis. At present, there is no good means of prevention and treatment. The central idea is to keep yourself healthy, in good health and strong immunity, so these viruses will not be evil.

Human Cytomegalo Virus (HCMV/HHV-5) is a type β herpes virus, which mainly infects salivary glands, but also infects other parts of the body. Infectious HCMV may exist in any body fluid of the infected person, and it can be transmitted vertically through contact with the infected body fluid. There is a 90% probability of being infected with HCMV in a person’s life. After infection, HCMV lurks in the human body and can be reactivated at any time. HCMV infection is usually rare and almost undetectable in healthy people, but it may be life-threatening for people with low immune function:

Newborns: Vertical transmission of HCMV is one of the common causes of neonatal abnormalities. If the mother is infected with HCMV for the first time during pregnancy, the newborn may have symptoms such as light weight, microcephaly and epilepsy. Even if there are no symptoms, there may be problems in hearing, mental and motor coordination in the future. Newborn parents and babysitters should maintain their own hygiene habits and minimize the risk of transmitting the virus to newborns.

Adults with low immunity, such as HIV-infected people, severely burned people or organ transplant recipients, may get sick because of the reactivation of HCMV, and have symptoms such as retinitis, pneumonia and colitis. Antiviral drugs can be used for prevention and treatment.

Adults with normal immunity are rarely affected by HCMV, but the virus can also cause mononucleosis and increase the risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer.

Roseolovirus, including HHV-6 and HHV-7, can cause infant roseola, also known as infantile rash (known to old mothers), which is a very common mild infection. Generally, it doesn’t need treatment, and its symptoms are fever and rash, which lasts for about four days. If necessary, use antipyretics. If symptoms such as lethargy, persistent high fever and convulsions appear, you should seek medical attention in time.

Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV/HHV-8) can be transmitted through saliva or sexual behavior, and the infection rate varies greatly from region to region, with about 10% of the population infected in China. KSHV infection is generally asymptomatic, but it causes Kaposi’s sarcoma, a local skin tumor, on the skin of AIDS patients.

Other animal herpesvirus that may infect people: Generally, human beings are rarely infected with herpesvirus carried by animals, but for high-risk specific groups such as animal breeders, laboratory animals, users and veterinarians, attention should be paid to preventing animal herpesvirus infection. Monkey B virus is a herpes virus carried by monkeys. Monkeys have no symptoms, but it is fatal to people. Don’t mess with monkeys. Pseudorabies virus is a common animal herpes virus, which can infect pigs, cattle, sheep and other domestic animals. Recently, it has also been reported that it can infect people and cause serious encephalitis.

Conclusion

Ask: "oh, my god! There are so many hateful "tenants" on my poor little body except the disgusting fat. I feel dirty. What should I do?

A: "live well, after all, there are very few people who are not infected." Knowing so much knowledge doesn’t make you suspicious and worry too much. What’s the use of worrying blindly? Most herpes viruses are really "small bubbles". Understanding these viruses is to know how to prevent them, how to deal with symptoms, restore health as soon as possible, and avoid the most serious situation. People in rivers and lakes, the world of mortals, HHV-1, HHV-2, HHV-3, HHV-4, HHV-5, HHV-6 and HHV-7 keep us alive.

reference data

https://www.who.int/zh/news/item/01-05-2020-billions-worldwide-living-with-herpes

https://www.who.int/zh/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/herpes-simplex-virus#hsv1

https://www.health.harvard.edu/a_to_z/genital-herpes-a-to-z

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genital_herpes

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpes_labialis

https://www.healthhub.sg/a-z/diseases-and-conditions/38/genitalherpes

https://www.cdc.gov/std/herpes/stdfact-herpes-detailed.htm

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00430-014-0358-x

https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db304.htm

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1)- An Overview

Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV): Structure, Clinical Feature, Lab Diagnosis

https://www.std.uw.edu/

https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/health-library/en/parents/chicken-pox/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickenpox

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shingles

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varicella_zoster_virus

https://www.sohu.com/a/283735369_699704

https://www.connecticutchildrens.org/health-library/en/parents/chicken-pox/

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herpesviridae

https://www.verywellfamily.com/how-to-make-your-own-oatmeal-bath-289466

https://www.cdc.gov/epstein-barr/about-ebv.html

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaposi%27s_sarcoma-associated_herpesvirus

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Original title: "Once the infection recurs for life, the most difficult virus in history has captured 90% of the world’s population. When it is discovered during sexual life, it must be stopped in time."

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County, District People’s governments, municipal commissions and bureaus, and municipal directly affiliated units:

In order to further strengthen the standardized management of festivals, forums and exhibitions, establish and improve the inventory management system, and promote the orderly and effective development of activities, according to the relevant requirements of the state, province and city, combined with the actual situation of our city, we hereby put forward the following work opinions:

First, standardize the declaration procedures

(a) control and standardize the new festival forum exhibition activities. Strictly implement the requirements of the Notice on Further Standardizing the Exhibition Activities of the Festival Forum (Su Qing Group Letter [2014] No.1) and the Implementation Measures for the Management of Exhibition Activities Held by Party and Government Organs in Jiangsu Province (Su Ban Fa [2015] No.56), and go through the examination and approval procedures according to the prescribed procedures.

(2) Strictly implement the approval procedures for activities.in those yearstwelvemoon31A few days ago, the relevant units pre-arranged festivals, forums, exhibitions and other activities to be hosted (undertaken) and co-hosted (undertaken) by the municipal government in the next year, declare in advance. In accordance with the principle of strict examination and standardization, the Municipal Bureau of Commerce will make a summary of the festival forum exhibition and report it to the municipal party committee and municipal government to study and determine the annual festival forum exhibition list. All units should strictly implement the approval procedures for activities, control the number of activities, and improve the quality of activities.

Second, strict cleaning and approval

Festivals, forums and exhibitions must be held in accordance with relevant national laws and regulations and relevant documents of the central government, provinces and cities, with clear basis, appropriate scale, appropriate quantity and compliance with funds. Anyone who does not meet the requirements should be resolutely revoked; If it is really necessary to hold it, the examination and approval procedures shall be performed in accordance with the regulations.

(1) Control the total amount of activities. In the future, in principle, party and government organs at all levels will no longer be approved to hold new festivals, forums and exhibitions. If the work needs to be held, the organizer shall conduct scientific demonstration and comprehensive evaluation, strictly perform the approval procedures, and shall not approve any activities that do not meet the requirements. Activities that are not listed in the annual festivals, forums and exhibitions published by the municipal party committee and municipal government shall not be held in the name of the municipal government.

(2) Strictly control the scale. Practice thrift, oppose extravagance and waste, and strengthen budget management and audit supervision. The source of funds for activities must be clearly included in the provincial special funds or the municipal budget. Shall not apportion or pass on the funds for holding activities, and all the income and expenses incurred in the activities shall be uniformly accounted for and managed.

(3) Improve the level of marketization. Support and guide festivals, forums and exhibitions to develop in the direction of marketization, specialization and internationalization, improve the level of market-oriented operation, and give full play to the decisive role of the market in the allocation of resources for festivals, forums and exhibitions.

(4) Establish an exit mechanism. Strictly control the activities of the main (undertaking) office and the co-main (undertaking) office in the name of the municipal government, and all the joint names can be cancelled; Activities that can be organized by the relevant associations in the market are no longer jointly organized by the municipal government. Further accelerate the transformation of functions and reduce direct meeting activities.

Third, strengthen management and supervision

All localities and departments should strictly follow the principle of "who is in charge and who is responsible, who approves and supervises", strengthen the organization and leadership, policy guidance, supervision and inspection of festivals, forums and exhibitions, improve the quality of activities, reduce the cost of activities, and make them better serve economic and social development.

(1) Adhere to classified management. All localities and departments shall, in accordance with the approval authority of activities, classify and manage all kinds of festivals, forums and exhibitions held by the approved objects. Activities such as reports, seminars and lectures on philosophy and social sciences are managed by competent departments and propaganda departments of local party committees. Relevant activities organized by social organizations shall be managed by the registration administration organs at all levels and the competent business units. The organizer should strictly follow the plan approved by the superior, standardize the implementation of various activities, do a good job in supervision and service, and formulate emergency plans to prevent all kinds of safety accidents.

(2) Standardize the attendance of leading cadres.Strict control of leading cadres at or above the county level (packageIncluding retired leading cadres) to attend various festivals, forums and exhibitions. Inviting leading cadres to attend the activities should go through the approval procedures, and they should not send letters or invitations directly to leading cadres (including retired leading cadres). Failing to submit for approval according to the regulations, leading cadres shall not attend various festivals, forums and exhibitions, and shall not serve in front of the event, send congratulatory letters, inscriptions, cut the ribbon, etc. In principle, leading cadres are not allowed to attend festivals, forums and exhibitions that have nothing to do with their jobs.

(3) Strengthen the management of funds. All kinds of festivals, forums and exhibitions should be held with diligence and thrift, and the expenses of activities should be strictly controlled. The required funds should be included in the budget management of the unit, included in the publicity scope, and subject to audit supervision. Holding product exhibition activities can raise funds through market-oriented operation, etc., and the funds required for other activities shall be "who holds the responsibility", and shall not be passed on, apportioned and reimbursed to subordinate units, enterprises and individuals. Government finance at all levels should gradually reduce investment and constantly improve the socialization and market-oriented operation level of festivals, forums and exhibitions.

(four) to carry out supervision and inspection. All localities and departments should hold festivals, forums and exhibitions in strict accordance with relevant regulations, publish the list of activities in a timely manner, and accept social supervision. List, without the approval of the prescribed procedures shall not be held. Finance, supervision, auditing and other departments should conscientiously perform their duties of supervision, and severely deal with violations of laws and regulations such as holding various festivals, forums and exhibitions without authorization, inviting leading cadres to attend activities in violation of regulations, and charging grassroots, enterprises and the masses, apportioning, sponsoring, wasting money and materials on the grounds of holding activities, in accordance with relevant regulations.

Fourth, do a good job in summary and evaluation

(1) Implementing the reporting system. Within one month after the end of festivals, forums and exhibitions managed by the Municipal Party Committee and the Municipal Government, the organizer shall submit a report on the activities to the Municipal Bureau of Commerce, and conduct self-examination on whether the content, performance, total expenses and expenditures of the activities meet the requirements and whether there are violations of discipline. All localities and departments should conscientiously implement the annual summary report system of festivals, forums and exhibitions, and submit the annual report on the management of festivals, forums and exhibitions to the Municipal Bureau of Commerce before the end of December each year. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce summarizes the annual situation and reports it to the municipal government.

(two) the implementation of post evaluation management. The Municipal Bureau of Commerce shall evaluate the performance of various activities from the aspects of economy, efficiency and effectiveness, and summarize them to the municipal government. The evaluation results are linked to the application for the next year’s activities, and the scale and funds of the activities with poor performance are cut. Sudden or mass incidents involving foreign affairs, security, etc. occurred in the previous activities, causing adverse effects; Expensive, extravagant and wasteful, causing serious adverse social impact; There are violations of discipline such as holding activities without approval, failing to carry out activities according to the approved items, inviting leading cadres to attend in violation of regulations, and charging fees and apportioning fees to grassroots, enterprises and the masses on the grounds of holding exhibition activities, and the following year will not be approved.

Attachment: Festival Forum hosted, hosted and supported by the municipal government in 2019.List of exhibition activities

Lianyungang Municipal People’s Government Office

June 4, 2019

(This piece is publicly released)

Notice and process on the transformation and upgrading of "China Mobile Micro Court" to "People’s Court Online Service"

The Rules for Online Operation of People’s Courts issued by the Supreme People’s Court on February 22nd came into effect on March 1st. In order to provide people with better and more convenient online service capabilities, "China Mobile Micro-Court" is planned to be transformed and upgraded to "People’s Court Online Service" on March 1st, integrating the national general litigation service functions such as mediation, filing, marking, delivery, preservation and identification, and the special service functions of local courts to support people to make centralized inquiries at the main entrance.

"China Mobile Micro-Court" was transformed and upgraded to "People’s Court Online Service" on March 1st, and the parties can file a case online through "People’s Court Online Service Heilongjiang".

"You can scan the QR code and directly enter the applet WeChat applet"

● 1. Search for "People’s Court Online Service Heilongjiang" in WeChat applet and click Enter;

● 2. Enter the "People’s Court Online Service" page, click "Not Certified" (changed to "Certified" after successful authentication), and jump to the certificate verification page;

On the "Certificate Verification" page, enter information such as name, ID number and mobile phone number, and complete real-name authentication through face recognition;

● Third, submit the signature to complete the certification, and then return to the main interface and click "I want to file a case";

Select "trial filing", and the relevant prompt "Are you willing to accept mediation by a third-party mediation agency" will automatically pop up, and click "No";

● 4. Then, you will enter the online filing page, click the "trial filing" button at the bottom of the page, and the prompt "apply for yourself" or "apply for others" will pop up. Select "apply for yourself" (according to your personal situation) to enter the court selection page, select "court" and "case type" according to your actual situation, and click Next to enter the notification page;

Five, the default check the "filing instructions", enter the upload material page, add the materials needed for filing;

Six, enter the filing application information page, check the backfill information and complete the information of the parties (note that the asterisk position is required);

Seven, return to the filing application information interface, add other participants in the proceedings;

Eight, after adding the participants, click submit to complete the online filing. If you want to submit the filing application later, you can click the "Temporary Store" button, and the edited information will be saved. The pending filing application supports deletion.

Original title: Notice and Process on the Transformation and Upgrade of "China Mobile Micro Court" to "Online Service of People’s Courts"

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