Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, July 25th (Reporter Gong Bing, Wan Pung Chow, Zhao Yan) The Tokyo Olympic Games, which was postponed for one year, finally opened, and the athletes who had been preparing for the war for five years finally had a chance to display their fists and feet. Whether it’s the joy of Sun Yiwen’s sword to seal his throat or the frustration of two-time Olympic champion Wu Jingyu who missed the medal, it’s all part of life.

Sticking to Tokyo is a blessing for athletes and even more so for sports.

The same is true for rowers, who are dormant for five years and released once. 522 athletes are competing in the Haizhisen Water Arena, which is located between two reclamation areas in Tokyo Bay. This figure ranks among the top in the number of individual athletes in the Olympic Games. Rowing, kayaking and sailing share the reputation of water-based sports (a total of 40 gold medals).

Rowing is not well-known in China, and people may still leave the impression that Tang Bin, Jin Ziwei, Xi Aihua and Zhang Yangyang won the first gold medal in rowing in China in the women’s quadruple sculls final at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. But rowing enjoys a high reputation in the international sports world, as well as in the Olympic Games.

Want to know the story behind the rowing boat? Let the reporter tell you the correct way to open the rowing boat.

Knowledge point 1: It has a long history.

Rowing originated in England. In 1775, Britain formulated the first competition rules and established a rowing club. In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition on the Thames, which is regarded as the origin of modern rowing, and this competition continues to this day.

Rowing was originally included in the first Olympic Games in 1896. Although it could not be held because of the weather, rowing has entered the history of modern Olympic Games. At the 1900 Paris Olympic Games, the men’s rowing competition was held. In 1976, the Montreal Olympic Games set up a women’s rowing event.

On July 20th, the men’s quadruple sculls of China rowing team were in training. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zheng Huansong photo

In 1892, the International Rowing Federation was established in Italy and became the first member of the International Olympic Committee. Coubertin, the second president of the International Olympic Committee and the father of the modern Olympic movement, was a rower.

Rowing is one of the earliest modern sports in China. In 1859, there was rowing in the modern sports competition held in Waitanyuan, the intersection of Huangpu River and Suzhou River.

Knowledge point 2: Evergreen

There is no fierce physical confrontation in rowing competition, rather than a contest between opponents, it is a process of surpassing oneself. Rowers often have a long sports career, and athletes who have participated in more than three Olympic Games can be found everywhere. They became famous when they were young, and they still galloped in the field when they were not confused.

Redgrave, a famous British rower, won gold medals in five consecutive Olympic Games. Olaf Tift, a 45-year-old Norwegian rower, appeared in the Tokyo Olympic Games, which was his seventh Olympic Games.

Knowledge point 3: the pearl in the crown

There are 14 events in the Olympic rowing competition, including single, double, four and eight events, including single paddle and double paddle, which not only tests individuals, but also competes with teams.

Among them, the best rowers often appear in the single sculls event, which is the only event that relies entirely on the athletes’ strong personal ability. Players who win Olympic gold medals usually enjoy heroic honors.

But to say who is the jewel in the crown, it must be an eight-person boat.

Eight-person boat is the only rowing event in the Olympic Games that retains the helmsman. Because rowers compete with their backs to the finish line, the helmsman becomes the only one facing the finish line, so the eight-person boat is actually a cooperative project of nine athletes. The helmsman is the soul of the team, controlling the direction, grasping the rhythm, judging the situation and inspiring teammates. The eighth position closest to the helmsman is often the core member of the eight-person boat, which controls the paddle frequency rhythm of the whole boat. The rowers in the middle are called power rowers, and they need to paddle powerfully to make the rowing boat move forward quickly. At the No.1 and No.2 positions near the bow, the rowers should keep the balance of the boat while rowing. Eight-person boat is the perfect combination of athletes’ individual ability and team spirit.

The eight-person boat has the fastest speed, the neatest cooperation and the strongest strength display in rowing. If you overlook the game from the air by aerial photography, the appreciation of the final of the eight-person boat can only be described in one word: awesome! The final of the eight-person boat has always been the finale of the Olympic Games.

On July 24th, the players of China team competed in the women’s eight-person single-paddle helmsman preliminary round. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zheng Huansong photo

Rowing competition is often fierce, and the medals in an Olympic Games are usually scattered. If you can win two or three gold medals, you will be regarded as a rowing power.

Knowledge point 4: aristocratic movement? Civilian movement?

In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition on the Thames, which was regarded by many as the origin of modern rowing. Since then, modern rowing has been inseparable from prestigious schools, which are closely related to the aristocratic class. Rowing is highly respected by the upper and middle class in Britain. This kind of team event requires tacit cooperation and etiquette of the players, as well as the support of family members. Rowing provides a social place for the upper class.

Different from the previous aristocratic and elite, rowing has become a national sport in Britain after entering the modern society. There are hundreds of rowing clubs in Britain, most of which are located in communities. Many British middle schools regard rowing as one of the important extracurricular activities for students.

In China, rowing is no longer as hard to reach as it used to be. There is a rowing club in Shunyi Olympic Water Park, and the holding of events such as land rowing, enterprise masters and prestigious schools has also stimulated people’s interest in rowing. On the one hand, rowing keeps its "aristocratic attribute" of respecting etiquette, on the other hand, it is accelerating the popularization and marketization, and the development space is increasingly broad.

Knowledge point 5: Olympic love

China rowing has won 1 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze in previous Olympic Games, involving 23 athletes. Among them, the first medal was won in 1988, and the first gold medal was won in 2008. After 13 years, is China rowing expected to see gold again?

On July 20th, the women’s quadruple sculls of China rowing team were in training. Xinhua News Agency reporter Du Yiyi photo

Judging from the current situation, the women’s quadruple sculls team of China, the world champion in 2019, advanced directly to the finals of Group A in the Olympic preliminaries, and the lead over the second place in the group was as high as 4.30 seconds, so there is great hope for winning gold.

Editor: Wang Qinou, Yu Sihui, Zhao Jiantong and Zhang Yueyuan (internship)

Produced by Xinhua News Agency Tokyo Olympic Games Reporting Group

A few days ago, the eighth season of "Ace to Ace" came to a successful conclusion. The "Ace" Happy Bus, which will be there every Friday night, is full of sadness and warmth and cries goodbye to the audience! On the closing night, all the ace members brought a special "internal award ceremony": "Get up early and be greedy for the black", "Tengli Tengqi" and "Breakthrough with Variety" … which contained the jokes and memories of the whole season. This season’s "Ace to Ace" is also the fifth year that Hua Chenyu has accompanied the program. After being promoted to "Ace Two in Charge", he has found his own variety orientation more and more accurately —— "Inference+Unique Skills+Musical Talent", which has frequently contributed high-energy famous scenes and made people know more about Hua Chenyu outside of music. Hand-painted "ace family portrait", he clearly remembers everyone’s characteristics, integrates gentleness into small details, and takes care of his strength! In front of the stage, Hua Chenyu can be called an ace game panacea, and many netizens shouted: Without Hua Chenyu’s "Ace Family" team game, you will lose half! Outside the stage, he seems to be a behind-the-scenes supporter of a program. He is wise, kind and warm, and constantly outputs a sense of security and explosion to guests and programs, illuminating the overall situation like the sun.

In the eighth season of "Ace", Hua Chenyu’s famous scenes are constantly wise and funny, and off the charts has a sense of variety.

In the eighth season of Ace to Ace, Hua Chenyu was promoted to be "the most resourceful second master", and amazing music scenes were readily available: new songs and old songs such as "Light the bonfire at the end of the Galaxy", "The Sea of the Wind" and "Ordinary Life to Unusual Life" were infinitely broadcast on the stage, which greatly enriched the visibility of the program. Piano, flute and other musical instruments surprise performances, stage cooperation with guests from all walks of life, talent competition, more like a fairy fight, frequently heal the audience. Even on the variety stage, Hua Chenyu never forgot to perform the romantic fairy tale with Martians again and again. He reunited with Grandpa and Grandma Mars on the stage of "Ace" and completed the performance together, which made Mars romantic shock everyone.

Regardless of the music world or the real world, the flowers are trying their best to dream for fans, making people believe that a beautiful new world is ahead. The unique skill of "two masters" is far more than that. "Bare-handed water blocking" imitates accurate positioning and refreshes the audience’s cognition of reaction! You can also perform "IP Man Squat" on the balance ball, which was teased by netizens: Hua Chenyu Core is more stable than my salary increase! Reasoning ability frequently shocked the guest audience, focusing on a pre-judgment that predicted you. Not only did you analyze how many people were in the bad guys’ camp, but you also disguised yourself as the bad guys’ camp, successfully disintegrated the enemy’s interior, and finally succeeded in making the order take effect, saving the day! Many netizens said: "When I saw him, I thought that team would win. Hua Chenyu is really a god teammate with a sense of security."

The output temperature of Hua Chenyu’s "Ace" five-year "broken cocoon" growth and long-term companionship strength

I still remember that Huahua, who first entered the "Ace Family" a few years ago, was shy and shy, and interacted with the guests slightly. The five-year long-term companionship also made Huahua undergo a "cocoon-breaking" transformation, not only in the music field, but also in the variety field, she frequently led the team to turn over against the wind with her keen observation and reasoning ability. In the program, he and the guests crossed the future to "become bigger and stronger"; Appreciate the beauty of the national style together; Together, we will help the national treasure to embark on the journey home … so that the audience can gain a lot of knowledge in joy.

Since five seasons, he and Shen Teng have joined forces to bring Stay with me (anti-fraud version). He has shouted "Kill Pig Plate" and can improvise anti-fraud jingles in Hubei dialect! Not only did he draw the guest stick figures on the show, but he also extended this deep friendship to the offline. He would support the film screenings of Jia Ling, Shen Teng and other guests. Every time I stand in the center of the stage and enjoy the cheers, I don’t forget to mention the hard work of the behind-the-scenes staff, know how to be grateful and cherish, and treat every collaborator as a family member, so that everyone who works with him feels like a spring breeze. He kept a high standard on the trump card stage for five years, substituted life thinking into his works, and hid the two-way trip between "fireworks" in details, which is worth digging back and forth.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, Europe has followed the United States to impose several rounds of severe sanctions on Russia. Recently, a number of foreign media reported that the spillover effects of sanctions against Russia caused high inflation in Europe and the economy continued to be under pressure. Europe is increasingly worried about the problems brought by sanctions.

　　find it difficult to advance or to retreat―be in a dilemma/plight

　　According to today’s Russian International News Agency, Uwe Schultz, a German parliamentarian, recently warned that the EU’s largest economy is facing further economic recession and "de-industrialization" due to the EU’s sanctions against Russia. Schultz issued a statement on the website of his political party, saying that economic sanctions against Russia have hit the German economy hard. Schultz said that the sanctions against Russia and the economic measures taken by the German ruling Coalition are leading Germany directly to "de-industrialization", "the economic prospect of Germany in 2023 is disappointing" and "the poor performance of the automobile industry continues to lead to a decline in manufacturing output". Stefan Wolff, president of the German Federation of Employers’ Associations in the Metal and Electrical Engineering Industry, also believes that the German economy is no longer competitive and is expected to fall into recession in the second half of this year.

　　According to preliminary data released by Eurostat on July 31, Germany’s GDP in the second quarter of this year increased by zero month-on-month, which was less than the market’s previous expectation of 0.1%. According to the latest forecast of the International Monetary Fund, the German economy will shrink by 0.3% in 2023.

　　Many European companies are also facing the negative impact of European sanctions against Russia. The Financial Times recently conducted a survey on the operating conditions of 600 large European enterprises, and the results showed that 176 of them lost more than 100 billion euros due to the reduction, sale or closure of their business in Russia. This figure does not include the losses caused by indirect factors such as rising energy prices and rising production costs caused by the Russian-Ukrainian conflict.

　　According to statistics, before the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, more than 1,800 large enterprises in Europe had operations in Russia, and more than half of them still continue to operate in Russia. According to the analysis, many European enterprises are in a dilemma under the influence of European sanctions against Russia: on the one hand, leaving Russia will have a direct negative impact on their own operations, on the other hand, staying in Russia will face more and more political and economic risks.

　　Since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine in February 2022, European countries have followed the United States to impose several rounds of sanctions on Russia. In May, the British government announced the expansion of sanctions against Russia, including punitive import tariffs on precious metals produced in Russia and export bans on certain British products. In June, the EU reached an agreement on the 11th round of sanctions against Russia, including measures aimed at cracking down on circumvention of existing sanctions. Russia retaliated against Europe by cutting fuel supply and implementing ruble settlement.

　　"The impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is not exactly the same, and two types of countries are the most affected: first, countries that are highly dependent on Russian energy, such as Hungary and other Central and Eastern European countries; Second, countries whose industrial structure is dominated by manufacturing and energy-intensive industries, such as Germany, Italy and other European manufacturing powers. " Yan Shaohua, an associate researcher at the China-EU Relations Research Center of the Institute of International Studies of Fudan University, said in an interview with this reporter.

　　Fatal impact

　　"In recent years, the European economy has been affected by the European sovereign debt crisis ‘ Sequela ’ The continuous influence of is in a slow recovery. After the outbreak of the Russian-Ukrainian conflict, this recovery process was disrupted. The biggest impact of sanctions against Russia on European countries is to aggravate Europe ‘ De-industrialization ’ Worried. " Zhang Jian, vice president and researcher of China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, told this reporter that German, Italian and other European countries have comparative advantages in the field of high-end manufacturing, and an important basis for this advantage is cheap natural gas from Russia. Nowadays, these European countries are bearing the cost of sanctions against Russia, that is, losing cheap Russian natural gas and having to purchase more expensive energy from other countries, which has led many European manufacturing enterprises, especially energy-intensive enterprises, to face rising production costs and be forced to cut production, stop production or move their production lines outside.

　　Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) released by Standard & Poor’s Worldwide shows that in July, the manufacturing PMI in the euro zone dropped to 42.7, the lowest level since the outbreak of COVID-19. As a big European manufacturing country, Germany performed poorly, and its manufacturing PMI plummeted to 38.8 in July.

　　The report of the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs pointed out that high energy prices weakened the competitiveness of European energy-intensive industries, resulting in the loss of market share.

　　The economic census report released by dihk this summer also shows that the fluctuation of energy and raw material prices is the biggest risk faced by German enterprises, among which 80% of energy-intensive enterprises list it as the number one risk. According to the report of "Credit Reform", a German credit agency, the number of German enterprises filing for bankruptcy in the first half of 2023 increased by 16.2% year-on-year. In addition, many enterprises plan or have begun to transfer their business to countries with relatively low energy. For example, dozens of enterprises, including Lufthansa and Siemens, are considering expanding production and increasing capital in the United States.

　　"Affected by the COVID-19 epidemic, the European economy is already facing problems such as high inflation rate, high unemployment rate and broken supply chain, and sanctions against Russia have further aggravated these problems. From the production point of view, sanctions against Russia have led to the gradual energy development in Russia and Europe ‘ Decoupling ’ It is difficult for European countries to find a suitable alternative in a short time to make up for the loss of cheap energy in Russia, which makes the manufacturing cost rise sharply. From the perspective of consumption, energy shortage leads to soaring energy prices, which will inevitably affect commodity prices in European countries, thus pushing up inflation and increasing people’s living costs. " Yan Shaohua said.

　　Some analysts pointed out that Russia is an important supplier of raw materials for high-end manufacturing in Europe. There are many links in the industrial chain of high-end manufacturing industry, and the supply chain is accurate and complex. The obstruction of the upstream link means the source fracture of the industrial chain and supply chain, which will have a fatal impact on the whole industry. Although Europe tries to avoid areas that will "jam its neck" in the process of sanctions against Russia, with Russia’s retaliatory countermeasures, Europe’s high-end manufacturing industry is in a passive position.

　　snow plus frost—exacerbate

　　Agence France-Presse reported that since the outbreak of the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, the EU has imposed unprecedented sanctions on Russia, but EU diplomats admit that the EU sanctions are close to the limit.

　　"At present, there is little room for further escalation and overweight of European sanctions against Russia. However, in the short term, sanctions will continue and there is no room for manoeuvre. In this context, Europe’s next question is how to deal with the impact of sanctions on itself. Since the energy crisis last year, Europe has been looking for ways. The European Union has introduced a series of measures, on the one hand, to find energy suppliers that can replace Russia, on the other hand, to release ‘ Green agreement industry plan ’ Accelerate energy transformation and green development. " Yan Shaohua believes that with the relevant EU policies gradually playing a role, the pressure faced by EU countries in energy this year may be eased compared with last year, but the problem has not been fundamentally solved.

　　Leonhard Birnbaum, CEO of Eon Energy Group, pointed out that the EU will change its energy structure and reduce its imports of Russian energy due to the conflict between Russia and Ukraine, and this trend will continue, so the energy crisis in Europe is far from over. "In the long run, because we can’t get cheap energy from Russian pipelines, it is expected that the price of natural gas will rise, which may be two to three times that of now." Leonhard Birnbaum said.

　　According to the preliminary statistics released by Eurostat on July 31, after zero growth in the first quarter of this year, the euro zone economy grew by 0.3% in the second quarter. Analysts pointed out that although the euro zone economy has resumed growth, the risk of stagnant growth still exists due to factors such as high inflation, weak global demand and monetary tightening policy. Among the major economies in the euro zone, Germany and Italy continue to suffer from the shrinking demand for goods due to the larger manufacturing scale.

　　"In the foreseeable future, it will be more difficult for the European economy to turn around. On the one hand, the energy security situation in Europe has not fundamentally improved, European manufactured goods have lost the Russian market, and the competitiveness of European products will continue to decline; On the other hand, the United States introduced the Inflation Reduction Act and the Chip and Science Act to attract European companies to invest in the United States, which will make the European economy worse. " According to Zhang Jian’s analysis, as the largest economy in the European Union, Germany has strong economic radiation, especially its close integration with the economies of neighboring countries. If Germany is affected by sanctions against Russia and its economic situation cannot be effectively improved, then in the next three to five years, Germany’s neighboring countries and even the entire euro zone economy will also encounter troubles, and the overall economic policy and political and social stability of the EU will be negatively affected.

　　Some analysts pointed out that high-end manufacturing is the core of European real economy and one of the main engines leading European economic growth. If it is difficult for European countries to get through the obstruction of industrial chain and supply chain, it may be difficult to maintain their leading position in high-end manufacturing in the future. By then, Europe will not only face the problem of economic recession, but also be more difficult to achieve "strategic autonomy".

　　China Net News June 13 (Reporter Dong Xiaodi) From January to May 2018, China donated 5.965 million blood without compensation, and the amount of blood collected was 2,065 tons, up by 3.6% and 5.2% respectively compared with the same period of last year, of which 438,000 platelets were collected by machine, and 713,000 blood was collected for treatment, up by 7.6% and 10% respectively compared with the same period of 2017.

　　Zhou Zhongqiang, deputy director of National Health Commission Medical Administration and Hospital Authority, said in Beijing on the 12th: "This year marks the 20th anniversary of the implementation of China’s Blood Donation Law. In recent years, we have insisted on ‘ Open source, reduce expenditure and ensure safety ’ , to achieve the level of governance according to law, blood supply, blood safety and rational blood use ‘ Four promotion ’ 。”

　　buildCovering the urban and rural blood station service system, the amount of blood donation has increased more than five times in 19 years.

　　In 1998, China officially implemented the "Blood Donation Law" and established the system of unpaid blood donation in legal form. In the past 20 years, the number of unpaid blood donors nationwide has increased from 328,000 in 1998 to 14.59 million in 2017; The amount of blood donation increased from 800 tons in 1998 to 4956 tons in 2017, an increase of more than five times.

　　Zhou Qiangqiang introduced that in recent years, governments at all levels have established a blood station service system covering urban and rural areas. By the end of 2017, there were 32 blood centers, 321 central blood stations and 99 central blood banks in China. There were 1,380 fixed blood collection points, an increase of 41.3% over 2012.

　　"At present, China’s blood support capacity can basically meet clinical needs. In the next step, we must further improve the blood safety and the level of clinical rational blood use, and strive to achieve a blood donation rate of 15/1000 population by 2020, and 100% of clinical blood comes from voluntary blood donation. " Zhou qiangqiang said.

　　Full coverage of nucleic acid detection in blood stations and blood transfusion transmission of key infectious diseases have been basically blocked.

　　As a rare resource related to national security, the level of blood safety has always been concerned, and blood screening and testing has become the key link of blood safety supply. At present, China’s blood testing mainly includes transaminase, hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody, HIV antibody and nucleic acid testing, which has been in line with international standards, and some large blood centers have basically realized the automation of blood testing and preparation and processing.

　　Since 2011, China has carried out nucleic acid testing. According to the data provided by National Health Commission, the "window period" of detection of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus has been shortened by about 50%, 82% and 20% respectively.

　　"In April this year, Xizang Autonomous Region Blood Center independently carried out blood nucleic acid testing, and China achieved full coverage of blood station nucleic acid testing, which was carried out in only 24% countries in the world," Zhou Qiangqiang pointed out. "China has established a blood quality management system covering the whole process of blood collection and supply, basically blocking the spread of key infectious diseases such as AIDS through blood transfusion. The 2017 World Health Organization report shows that China’s blood safety supply level ranks among the top in the world. "

　　On June 12, 2018, Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, unpaid blood donors were taking advantage of the machine. China Net reporter Dong Xiaodi photo

　　820,000 people have been commended for improving the incentive mechanism for voluntary blood donation in various places.

　　In order to encourage the public to participate in voluntary blood donation, China has established a system of recognition and reward for voluntary blood donation, and every two years, voluntary blood donors with a cumulative blood donation of more than 4000 ml are commended. Up to now, 820,000 people have won the award, and this year’s 2016-2017 voluntary blood donation commendation is expected to be about 390,000 people.

　　Zhou Qiangqiang introduced that the "Blood Donation Law" stipulates that unpaid blood donors have the right to use blood without compensation. Shanghai, Jiangsu, Guangdong and other places stipulate that blood donors can give priority to blood use, and spouses and immediate family members also enjoy corresponding preferential policies for blood use according to local regulations.

　　In addition, incentives have been introduced in many places, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which stipulate that blood donors who have won China’s unpaid blood donation award can enjoy the three-free policy, free of bus tickets, free of government-run park tickets, and free of hospital registration fees; Kunming, Yunnan, set up a donation and love scholarship fund to help poor college students who love public welfare to complete their studies.

　　"In the next step, we should improve the service for blood donors, increase and rationally arrange blood donation points, improve service processes, and increase the comfort of blood donors in the process of blood donation; Simplify the blood expense reimbursement process and improve the satisfaction of blood donors. " Strong perimeter indicates.

　　With the continuous improvement of blood utilization rate, the blood consumption of operating table decreased by 30%

　　In terms of improving blood utilization rate, China has taken many measures, such as blood preparation, establishing blood emergency deployment mechanism, and strengthening clinical rational use of blood. In recent five years, the per capita blood consumption of discharged patients and operating tables in China has decreased by 20% and 30% respectively, and the proportion of autologous blood transfusion has increased by 30%, saving a lot of blood resources.

　　Zhou Qiangqiang revealed that although China’s blood support ability can basically meet clinical needs, it is a "tight balance" state. The aging population, the increase in the number of older high-risk pregnant women brought about by the two-child policy, and the continuous increase in the amount of medical services brought about by the improvement of medical security have put forward higher requirements for the safety of blood supply.

　　"In the next step, we will carry out a rational evaluation of clinical blood use based on a single disease, so as to minimize surgical blood use, accurately use clinical blood and maximize quality and efficiency; Guide medical institutions to carry out patient blood management, and establish individualized treatment programs for key groups such as high-risk pregnant women and patients with blood diseases; Guide blood stations to provide suitable blood varieties, including small packaged blood suitable for children’s treatment; Improve the service level of unpaid blood donation, expand the scale of fixed blood donors, and ensure ‘ Off-season ’ Blood security. " Zhou qiangqiang said.

　　● A few days ago, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Stimulating the Potential of Culture and Tourism Consumption, and put forward specific measures from nine aspects: introducing measures to benefit the people, enriching product supply, developing night economy, improving tourism environment, promoting industrial integration, and strict market supervision.

　　● The tourism industry chain includes six aspects: eating, living, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment, all of which involve consumption. In the eyes of the industry, financial services can explore the combination point in all links. At the earliest, the "traditional bank+offline travel agency" model was the main one, that is, some offline large travel agencies cooperated with banks to launch staged tours.

　　● With the development of new consumption formats and new modes, consumer credit has gradually penetrated into the fields of culture and tourism. Especially with the wide application of information technology such as big data and cloud computing, the popularity of the consumer credit industry has soared, and the consumption mode of using online credit loans to purchase offline services has been sought after by more and more consumers.

　　● According to the latest statistics of the National Bureau of Culture and Tourism, in the first half of this year, the per capita consumption expenditure on education, culture and entertainment of the national residents was 1,033 yuan, an increase of 10.9% over the same period of last year, accounting for 10.0% of the per capita consumption expenditure; It is estimated that there will be 3.08 billion domestic tourists and the income will be 2.78 trillion yuan, up by 8.8% and 13.5% respectively. There were 72.69 million inbound tourists and 64.9 billion US dollars in international tourism revenue, both of which increased by 5%.

　　Our reporter Zhao Li

　　Intern Xie Huixu of our newspaper

　　A few days ago, the General Office of the State Council issued the Opinions on Further Stimulating the Potential of Culture and Tourism Consumption (hereinafter referred to as the Opinions), which put forward concrete measures from nine aspects, such as introducing measures to benefit the people, enriching the supply of products, developing the night economy, improving the tourism environment, promoting industrial integration and strict market supervision, so as to focus on both supply and demand and stimulate the potential of residents’ cultural tourism consumption.

　　The "Opinions" clearly stated that it supports the expansion of cultural and tourism consumer credit business, encourages the issuance of joint bank cards with merchant discounts and consumption stages, innovates the mortgage and pledge model of consumer credit, and develops credit products with different down payment ratios, terms and repayment methods.

　　In this regard, Qi Xiaobo, assistant director of the Tourism Research and Planning and Design Center of China Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with the reporter of Legal Daily: "The introduction of the tourism financial credit policy in the Opinions will not only provide more convenient services for residents’ daily cultural tourism consumption, but also help expand the banking financial services and financial consumption market."

　　Aim at both ends of supply and demand

　　Stimulate cultural tourism consumption

　　The new consumer finance platform has been embedded in daily consumption scenes such as tourism, and the credit consumption loans provided by banks can support consumers’ various consumption needs more flexibly.

　　Wang Yun is an account manager of a state-owned commercial bank. According to her introduction, personal credit consumption loans launched by banks can be used for cultural and tourism purposes, but strictly speaking, they cannot be used in investment fields such as purchasing wealth management products.

　　"Our consumer loan amount can be up to 800,000 yuan from 600 yuan, and the cumulative amount that can be applied for by self-service channels such as online banking, mobile banking and smart terminals is up to 300,000 yuan, and the interest rate is relatively low." Wang Wei said.

　　As an employee of an investment company, Guo Xiao told the reporter of Legal Daily that financial institutions, including banks, venture capital groups and risk control groups, have provided installment payment, credit cards, consumer credit and insurance services for tourists. Of course, under the general trend of "tourism+finance", travel-related enterprises, including OTA platforms and travel agencies, also take the initiative to connect with financial institutions, take advantage of internet finance, innovate to build a tourism financial service platform, and provide tourists with financial services for the whole tourism industry chain, such as payment and settlement services, tourism foreign exchange management, and tourism consumption staging.

　　Looking up relevant information, the reporter of Legal Daily noticed that before 2010, tourism consumption finance developed, and the first mode was "traditional bank+offline travel agency", that is, some offline large travel agencies cooperated with banks to launch the case of staged travel.

　　Regarding the background of introducing a series of policies and measures in terms of cultural and tourism consumption credit and means of payment, Qi Xiaobo said that on the one hand, the reason is that with the continuous and rapid improvement of living standards of urban and rural residents, residents’ culture and tourism consumption continue to expand. On the other hand, since the beginning of this year, the downward pressure on the economy has been great, the consumption demand of residents has slowed down, and the growth space of traditional consumption areas is limited. Stimulating cultural and tourism consumption is another market stimulating measure after the consumption policies such as automobiles and household appliances.

　　According to the latest statistics of the National Bureau of Culture and Tourism, in the first half of this year, the per capita consumption expenditure of education, culture and entertainment of the national residents was 1,033 yuan, an increase of 10.9% over the same period of last year, accounting for 10.0% of the per capita consumption expenditure; It is estimated that there will be 3.08 billion domestic tourists and the income will be 2.78 trillion yuan, up by 8.8% and 13.5% respectively. There were 72.69 million inbound tourists and 64.9 billion US dollars in international tourism revenue, both of which increased by 5%.

　　"It can be seen that there is a lot of room for cultural and tourism consumption to be released, and many new consumption patterns and product formats have also been born in the market, which is of great significance to expanding domestic demand and promoting economic transformation." Qi Xiaobo said.

　　According to Qi Xiaobo’s analysis, the General Office of the State Council issued the "Opinions" with the purpose of exerting strength from both supply and demand, constantly stimulating the cultural and tourism consumption potential, and promoting the cultural and tourism consumption facilities to be more perfect, the consumption structure to be more reasonable and the consumption environment to be more optimized. According to the data of the National Bureau of Statistics, the contribution rate of final consumption expenditure to economic growth reached 76.2% in 2018, and consumption has become the "main engine" to stimulate the economy. "The rapid development of culture and tourism consumption finance has further promoted the upgrading of consumption and improved the quality of life of residents."

　　With the development of new consumption formats and modes, consumer credit has gradually penetrated into the fields of culture and tourism. At the same time, with the application of information technology such as big data and cloud computing, the popularity of consumer credit industry has soared, and the consumption mode of using online credit loans to purchase offline services has been sought after by more consumers.

　　"The policy on tourism consumption credit in the Opinions is conducive to expanding the market for financial services and financial consumption of banks. Facing the growing middle-class consumers, joint bank cards for hotel reservation and air ticket purchase will have rich customer resources, and they have better income level and purchasing power. Once this market is activated, it will greatly stimulate cultural tourism consumption. " Dong Dengxin, director of the Institute of Financial Securities of Wuhan University of Science and Technology, said.

　　Tourism consumption finance is active.

　　Risk prevention and control needs to be strengthened

　　In 2013, the Internet finance boom led to a number of online travel platforms that entered the field of consumer finance earlier. After 2015, tourism consumer finance has attracted more attention, and many online travel platforms are rushing in.

　　Guo Xiao said that from the current users of various Internet tourism enterprises, the users of content enterprises represented by Ma Honeycomb have grown strongly, and the online usage scenarios of tourism users have gradually deepened. E-commerce platforms have transplanted the concept of consumption first and then payment to the development of tourism. For example, Huabai launched by Alibaba and JD.COM Baitiao launched by JD.COM all use their huge platform user base to guide the change of consumption concept, and then through the implantation of tourism concepts and industries, they have launched installment payment services for tourism products on their own platforms to meet the needs of tourists.

　　According to the data, at present, most online travel platforms have launched tourism staging products, and at the same time, an entrepreneurial platform focusing on tourism staging has been born.

　　"The deep integration of information technology and consumer credit business makes consumers basically not limited by the business hours and processing space of financial institutions. After users submit their identity information online, the platform can quickly complete the review and grant credit lines in time. For financial institutions, Internet consumer credit can handle small loans in batches and in a standardized way, which also helps to better prevent risks. " Dong Ximiao, vice president of Chongyang Financial Research Institute of Renmin University of China, said.

　　According to Guo Xiao, the tourism consumption financial service platform has the characteristics of low loan amount, short loan period and low borrowing cost. Take the white note business of a tourism enterprise as an example, its maximum amount is only 50,000 yuan, but it is at a medium level in related businesses, and the loan repayment period is relatively simple, with only 10 months and 3 months. From the operational level, the operation interface of the tourism consumption financial platform is simple and intuitive, with the characteristics of fast approval and fast payment.

　　Recently, according to media reports, a number of users said that they borrowed money from a well-known tourism company’s "Money Tour" and "Journey White Strip" and were charged a loan acceleration package of 199 yuan by the platform. The annual interest rate of comprehensive loans exceeded 300%. Some media found on the 21CN complaint platform that from May to July this year, there were as many as 277 complaints about this travel platform, such as "beheading" and "violent collection", and there were more than 100 similar complaints about black cats.

　　In this regard, Yin Zhentao, deputy director of the Law and Finance Office of the Institute of Finance of China Academy of Social Sciences, said: "Through this phenomenon, we found a problem, that is, technology enterprises do financial business. Many travel online platforms started with technology companies. Even in the tourism industry, they actually do Internet business as technology companies. The standards and requirements required for financial business are still relatively high. Many technology companies still have some deficiencies in risk control ability or understanding of finance, which cannot be made up in a short time. Therefore, in the early stage of industry development, similar phenomena are relatively normal. "

　　Zeng Rong, who has been engaged in the development of tourism financial products, said that due to the complex characteristics of the tourism industry, the tourism supply chain is long, there are many capital circulation links, and there are many cross-industries, it is easy to produce loopholes in capital precipitation and control. The risk control model of tourism consumer finance comes from the bank risk control model, but it needs to be further evolved in combination with the characteristics of the tourism industry. The construction and investment of tourism projects is a long-term and continuous process, and the prosperity of tourist attractions takes a long time. Therefore, the future income of tourism is very uncertain, and tourism loans are mainly pledged by the right to operate scenic spots and the right to charge tickets.

　　Regarding the risk of tourism consumption loans, Yin Zhentao thinks: "On the one hand, the tourism expenses are still relatively large. Driven by the installment of tourism loans, are the individual’s affordability and tourism demands appropriate? Nowadays, many young people travel overseas by stages and go to some countries with relatively high consumption levels, which will increase their debt pressure. How to achieve healthy guidance is worth thinking about. "

　　"On the other hand, the tourism industry is special. The consumption stages of tourism industry are usually given to tourism service providers at one time. If consumers change their itinerary or cancel their itinerary for some reason, there are obstacles and difficulties in terms of consumer protection and service. This may require enterprises and regulatory authorities to jointly create a good development space or establish feasible market rules for constraints. " Yin Zhentao said.

　　Innovating mode and strengthening supervision

　　Ensure the healthy development of the industry

　　Even if there are risks, the relationship between consumer financial services and consumption scenarios has become increasingly close. The whole industrial chain of tourism includes six aspects: eating, housing, traveling, traveling, shopping and entertainment, and all links involve consumption. In the eyes of the industry, financial services can explore the combination point in all links.

　　"such as financial needs before going out; The demand for capital guarantee, installment consumption and shopping during travel; Demand for consumption tax refund and financial management after travel. The innovative integration mechanism of tourism and finance can effectively expand the scale and dependence of tourists and users, and improve the experience of tourism consumers. " Guo Xiao said.

　　While paying close attention to the realization of traffic, many online travel platforms are turning to industrial finance in another way. An insider who once had working experience in the financial services department of an online travel platform revealed: "Industrial finance has a single energy level of 50 million, and the amount of personal consumption finance is too small, and the level difference is too much. We are more based on the financial needs of enterprises in the tourism industry chain. The overall financing scale in 2019 almost reached 1 billion yuan. "

　　Regarding how to effectively guarantee the benign development of tourism consumption credit, Yin Zhentao thinks that "the most important thing is to rely on the high attention of the regulatory authorities".

　　Regarding the innovative consumer credit pledge model proposed in the Opinions and the development of credit products with different down payment ratios, terms and repayment methods, Yin Zhentao said: "First, we must have a risk awareness and license concept for the industry and carry out business according to market rules. Secondly, we must consider a large number of our own clients (such as mobile apps or computer software), financial consumer protection, data security and business logic of the industry, as well as factors such as business development logic, financial regulatory requirements and corporate social responsibility.

　　Yin Zhentao also suggested that at the relevant regulatory level, there should be guidance first, including guiding technology companies to carry out financial business, giving innovative license resources to technology companies, and guiding financial consumers to form a reasonable consumption concept. Secondly, there must be constraints, and it is necessary to clarify the regulatory authorities and institutions. In the process of supervision, we must also consider the characteristics of this new format and innovate the supervision methods. "The supervision of such enterprises is different from that of traditional financial institutions, and the data flow of such financial companies will be more difficult to supervise, which may require scientific and technological supervision means."

　　According to insiders, the risk control ability has an impact on the income scale and cost through the audit pass rate and bad debt rate respectively. Under normal circumstances, the higher the interest and service fees of a platform, the worse the credit standing of the users, and the higher the approval rate; Improving the ability of risk control can ensure that the audit pass rate will increase while the interest and service fees remain unchanged, thus expanding the income scale.

　　"Improving the ability of risk control can reduce the bad debt rate under the condition that the audit pass rate is certain, thus reducing the cost." Zeng Rong suggested that it is necessary to fully integrate Internet big data credit reporting with multi-dimensional data sources, personal credit certification, quantitative rating, etc. to achieve rapid automatic approval, flexibly configure risk control models, reduce risk control costs, improve approval efficiency, and reduce the incidence of bad debts. It will be an important competitiveness for tourism financial service providers to build a risk control system based on credit information system, so that enterprises can reduce operating costs and enhance their comprehensive competitiveness while increasing their financial service capabilities.　

I. General situation

(1) Cross-border e-commerce. From January to November, the transaction volume of cross-border e-commerce in the province reached 38.54 billion yuan (according to the statistics of Chengdu, Luzhou, Deyang and Mianyang cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test areas), of which 7.47 billion yuan was imported and 31.07 billion yuan was exported. Chengdu Comprehensive Test Zone achieved a transaction volume of 37.93 billion yuan, up 104% year-on-year, of which 7.44 billion yuan was imported and 30.50 billion yuan was exported. The transaction volume of Luzhou, Deyang and Mianyang comprehensive test areas is 180 million yuan, 290 million yuan and 140 million yuan respectively.

(2) Market procurement trade. From January to November, the pilot market procurement trade completed 11,248 export orders, with an export value of 4.51 billion yuan, 3.2 times that of 2019. In 2020, 480 new pilot entities were put on record, totaling 6,501, including 15 new pilot foreign trade enterprises, totaling 33. The main types of export commodities are daily necessities, mechanical products, plastic rubber products and home textiles, and the export destination countries are mainly Poland (2.68 billion, accounting for 59.3%), Belarus (960 million, accounting for 21.2%) and Hungary (640 million, accounting for 14.1%). The value of goods transported by rail was 4.46 billion yuan, accounting for 98.8%.

Second, the industry news

(1) The Ministry of Commerce awarded the license to the Import Trade Promotion Innovation Demonstration Zone. On December 8, the Ministry of Commerce held a promotion meeting on the cultivation of national import trade promotion and innovation demonstration zones in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and officially awarded licenses to 10 import trade promotion and innovation demonstration zones, including Tianfu New District in Sichuan. Assistant Minister Ren Hongbin pointed out that the import demonstration zone should give full play to the role of promoting imports, serving industries, promoting consumption and demonstrating. The Ministry of Commerce, the Food and Drug Administration and the Export-Import Bank made policy announcements on cross-border e-commerce retail imports, medical device import registration procedures and import credit business respectively.

(2) The Association advocates strengthening the protection of new employment groups for e-commerce. In order to further support and standardize the development of new business forms and strengthen the protection of new employment groups, on December 17th, Sichuan E-Commerce Association issued a Proposal on Protecting the Rights and Interests of Express Delivery Personnel to express delivery companies, calling for improving the employment system, setting the salary system and improving working conditions. Cross-border electronic commerce Association of Sichuan Province issued the Proposal on Protecting the Rights and Interests of New Employment Groups to cross-border e-commerce enterprises, calling for standardizing the identification of labor relations and optimizing the working environment. In view of the long live broadcast, high work intensity and high industry mobility, Sichuan E-commerce New Format Alliance issued the Proposal on Protecting the Rights and Interests of Anchor, calling for supporting live broadcast, providing convenient scenes and encouraging public welfare to bring goods.

Third, the activity highlights  

(1) Holding a special promotion meeting on the pilot market procurement trade mode in Guangzhou. On November 30th, the Market Procurement and Trade Service Center successfully held a special promotion meeting in Guangzhou on "Sui-Rong Win-Win Innovation Jinniu" —— "Made in Sichuan" products’ foreign trade expansion and market procurement and trade mode pilot. More than 50 foreign trade, Chinese herbal medicines, supply chain and logistics enterprises from Guangdong participated in the event. Jinniu district preached the advantages of jinniu district’s business environment, the planning of Chengdu International Trade City’s functional area construction and market opportunities to the participating enterprises, and held a discussion with outstanding foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong. Jinniu district makes full use of the advantages of market procurement policy to promote China’s famous, excellent and special products to overseas markets.

(2) The special matchmaking meeting of "Sichuan Export Commodities Exchange" was held in Chengdu. On November 27th, the special matchmaking meeting of "Sichuan Export Commodities Fair" directed by the Department of Commerce and the Department of Economy and Information Technology was held in Chengdu New Century Convention and Exhibition Center as a sub-activity of "Sichuan First Consumer Goods Exhibition". "Sichuan Export Commodity Exchange" strives to build a multi-functional and digital international exhibition and trade center with the products of "Sichuan-made, Sichuan-made and Sichuan-created" as the core, which integrates image display, cultural communication, brand experience, commodity trading, terminal consumption, data management, index release, supply chain management, brand incubation, exhibition economy, tourism shopping and talent cultivation. It is planned to have a famous wine Expo and a famous tea Expo and trade center.

(3) Investigate the cross-border e-commerce industrial belt of Leshan small agricultural machinery. On December 1st, Chengdu Cross-border E-commerce Association, together with Chengdu Customs, Leshan Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Pakistan Sichuan Chamber of Commerce, Afrindex China-Africa Business Road, Chengdu Leshi Power Purchasing Company, Sichuan Micang Supply Chain Management Company and Chengdu Gu Dao Science and Technology Company, visited 9 enterprises in Jingyan County Small Agricultural Machinery Industry Belt, including Xudong Machinery, Wanma Machinery and Chuanggong Machinery, to exchange views on the export prospects of small agricultural machinery in Pakistan, Africa and Southeast Asia. From January to September, the total import and export volume of Leshan small agricultural machinery industrial belt was 98 million yuan, accounting for 2.7% of the city’s total import and export volume. The main products were threshers, single-phase motors, hay cutters, sun dryers, etc. The main export markets were Thailand, Russia, India and Nepal.  

Fourth, corporate style

Sichuan haimaotong network technology co., ltd. Established in April 2015, with a registered capital of 118 million yuan, it is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mianyang Xinxing Investment Holding Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Mianyang High-tech Zone Management Committee. The company gives full play to the advantages of China Science and Technology City and e-commerce industrial cluster, builds and expands overseas market network around strengthening the core sector of international trade, and cooperates with enterprises in North America, Europe, Central Asia and Southeast Asia in cross-border procurement, sales, logistics, credit guarantee and international settlement, covering cross-border trade and business. The company has built a 3,000-square-meter Mianyang cross-border e-commerce supervision center and Mianyang foreign trade comprehensive service platform, which can provide comprehensive services such as cross-border e-commerce incubation, foreign exchange settlement and tax refund, trade consultation and basic customs clearance based on "one platform and one warehouse".

V. Special News of "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival"

With the theme of "Wan Shang Yun Chuan invites you to buy", the launching ceremony of "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival" was held in Chengdu on December 1. Liu Xin, director of the Department of Commerce, delivered a speech, and more than 300 people attended the provincial departments such as the Provincial Party Committee Network Information Office, the Department of Economy and Information Technology, and the Agriculture and Rural Department, as well as the competent commercial departments, e-commerce platforms and enterprises in 21 cities (states), marking the "three ones". The activity aims to accelerate the expansion and upgrading of new consumption such as live broadcast, short video and social interaction, and actively promote the two-way acceleration of online and offline integrated consumption, guided by the new mode of "live e-commerce+". The "Sichuan" version of the e-commerce festival has the following characteristics.

First, the new e-commerce format (live broadcast) alliance in Sichuan Province was formally established. On the day of the event, the "Sichuan E-commerce New Format (Live Broadcasting) Alliance was formally established, and the" Sichuan E-commerce New Format (Live Broadcasting) Alliance Action Convention "was issued, and the" Sichuan E-commerce Enterprise Ranking "and" Sichuan E-commerce Brand Ranking "were published, and the construction of" Sichuan Network Marketing Talent Pool "was started. Second, the daily traffic of the online live broadcast theme is non-stop. Mainstream platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Taobao, Ronge Shopping, JD.COM, Suning.cn, and 1919 launched the promotion of Sichuan goods columns, and nearly 1,000 organizations such as Sichuan Post, Sichuan Mobile, and Yunshang New Vision simultaneously organized a series of preferential promotions. Eight major theme activities, including "Poverty Alleviation, National Tide, Shoes and Clothing, Sichuan Wine and Tea, Digital, Sichuan Food, Business Travel to Japan, and Agricultural Special Day", were held from November 10 to 10. Third, the activities of regional sub-venues are wonderful and good. Adopt the mode of "1+2+3+7", that is, "1 (Chengdu main venue) +2 (Suining and Neijiang) +7 (regional central cities such as Mianyang, Deyang, Leshan, Luzhou and Dazhou) +3 (live broadcast line of business travel in Lizhou District of Guangyuan, Zhaojue County of Liangshan and Yuexi County for poverty alleviation)", and carry out anchor delivery.

By 12: 00 on December 18th, the online retail sales during the "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival" reached 84.5 billion yuan, including 57.3 billion yuan in physical retail sales and 27.1 billion yuan in service retail sales. There were 3,090 local anchors, and the "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival" applet accumulated 1 billion shop visits and 1,530 page views.

　　A Hollywood blockbuster, besides the international version, also has a special "China Special Edition". Recently, Iron Man 3 has been released in two editions, namely "International Edition" and "China Edition", and many Hollywood blockbusters have begun to consider how to please China audiences better. The way Paramount Film Company handled two films recently can tell the world that China has become an important film market in the world. Directed by marc forster and starring Brad Pitt, "world war z" will be a special edition for modifying some plots in the China market; Another work of the company, "Transformers 4", also confirmed that part of the content will be produced in China. Even Cameron’s Avatar has a China race. Nowadays, Hollywood blockbusters playing "China Special" and "Double Edition" have attracted heated discussion in the British media, but China fans are quite angry about it.

　　Cameron: There will also be many Chinese on Pandora.

　　Recently, the film world war z, directed by marc forster and starring Brad Pitt, exposed the latest poster, and announced that the film will be released in North America in the summer on June 21st, 2013. At the same time, it is reported that the film will be specially produced as "China Special Edition".

　　The story tells the story of human beings facing desperate survival after the outbreak of zombie virus. Brad Pitt plays a survivor in the film. In the western version, the zombie plague involves China. In the China version, this plague is called "Moscow flu", which originated from military enterprises. The first person to find the virus was a brave China scientist. World war z is actively striving for the introduction and submission.

　　Paramount Film Company has decided to make part of the production process of Transformers 4 in China, and has reached a cooperation agreement with CCTV Film Channel. This blockbuster film series directed by michael bay has been launched in London, and it is scheduled to land in North American cinemas on June 27th, 2014, which is expected to be introduced into China at the same time. In an interview with foreign media, michael bay revealed that China actors performed in Transformers 4 for up to 10 minutes, but this part will not appear in the western version.

　　Avatar 2, which is being prepared, has also been widely reported that there will be many China elements in the film, including the Avatar race based on China. Cameron, the director, said that he hoped to invite China actors to play an important role in the film. He thought the market was very important. "I will do some necessary work to make this country an important market for my films. I will abide by the internal rules of this market. "

　　It’s not the first time that a Chinese-American cooperative film has a "special edition" when it was released in China. Last year’s "Ring Messenger" showed more scenes of Summer Xu and scenes in Shanghai than the international edition. In Marvel’s summer masterpiece Iron Man 3, Fan Bingbing’s play only appeared in the China version.

　　British media hotly discuss "Hollywood suffers from China syndrome"

　　The website of The Sunday Times reported that "China defeated the zombies in Brad Pitt", while the Independent recently published an article pointing out that "Hollywood suffers from China syndrome": "Hollywood is now panting after the China film market. In order to win business, Hollywood is ready to rewrite the script, reshape the bad guys, and even transplant the whole work. "

　　The reason is that an annual report released by the Motion Picture Association of America last month shows that China has replaced Japan as the second largest box office market in the world after the United States in 2012.

　　Adding China element is questioned as "export to domestic sales"

　　Hollywood’s move has attracted a lot of criticism from China fans when it has not brought benefits yet. Many netizens questioned that this kind of differential treatment is "very deceptive" and belittled the level of Chinese people’s movie viewing, "simply treating us as retarded". Many netizens think that the forced implantation of China elements is not beneficial to the content of the film, and the blunt creation of a "double version" is purely for the producers in China to entertain themselves, and the performance of China actors is nothing more than "exporting to domestic sales". The China industry is worried that this new model will threaten the already struggling domestic films. "People take away our market and our funds, how can China films survive?"

　　Extended reading

　　The qualification of "co-production" is hard to find, and "special offer" kills two birds with one stone

　　Insiders: China’s "plug-in" is difficult to become mainstream

　　According to the Motion Picture Association of America, by 2020, China may surpass the United States and become the largest film market. As a result, Hollywood blockbusters are "a red heart, two hands ready." The concept of "double version" suddenly triggered a heated discussion in the industry, and netizens complained about it. "Why does Hollywood have to make money in a different way?" Yan Erwei, a producer who is familiar with the Hollywood market and executive director of Riggs Communication, believes that "special editions" may appear together, but they will not become the mainstream.

　　It is not difficult to find that Iron Man 3 and Transformers 4 have caught people’s attention with "co-production" and "co-production". Avatar 2, which is being prepared, has also been exploded, and there will be many elements of China. The "Special Edition" has caused a heated discussion in the industry. It has been reported that the reason why the "special edition" has emerged is that there are too many conditions required for "co-production" and the qualification is too difficult to obtain. Can’t justify "in tune", Hollywood blockbusters simply take the "special offer" route, use China elements to create topics in the simplest way, and attract mainland audiences to pay for tickets, which can be described as killing two birds with one stone.

　　Yan Erwei is very familiar with the Hollywood market. He said that "co-production" existed before, and The Kite Runner was a typical example. "More than 90% of the shots of this film were shot in China. At that time, there were two Chinese and American crews on the shooting scene, but the film was not released in the mainland after the filming, and the film side did not intend to release it in the mainland. In short,’ co-production’ refers to the film that has nothing to do with China after the filming. But recently, this concept has gone bad, because a large number of Hollywood commercial blockbusters have entered the China market with ambition. ". The ambition here is to add some China scenes and actors to win the audience’s favor. "

　　Will "special edition" become a trend? How long can this model have vitality? Yan Erwei said frankly that it is possible that there will be more and more "special editions" in recent years, but it is not necessary to put a question mark on it. "Let’s just say that’ special offer’ has not greatly improved the quality of the film itself, and it is not good for exporting values, so I personally am not optimistic about the prospects, at least it will not become the mainstream." He described the "special edition" as a "plug-in" for China in Hollywood film operation, which may be the beginning but can only be a transition.

　　Will this difference affect the movie-watching mentality of fans and the box office of movies? Yan Erwei said that at present, the "special edition" with China elements will not be too bad at the box office in the mainland, and these films will have a new fulcrum in marketing and publicity, and the appearance of face of china will also make the audience feel familiar.

　　Film critic Bi Chenggong also said that although netizens have a lot of abuse, I am afraid that when the movie is really released, most of them will still go to the cinema. He also pointed out that the China element will not affect overseas audiences. "Hollywood blockbusters are often filmed in various countries, and overseas audiences have long been used to it. For them, as long as Americans shoot American movies, they will be given a three-stage genre film, and it is the same where they are filmed."

　　Comprehensive Oriental Daily and xiaoxiang morning herald

CCTV News:On April 24th, the latest news of China Aerospace was released, and the Shenzhou-18 manned spacecraft was planned to be launched at 20: 59 on April 25th. For more than 60 years, from "two bombs and one satellite" to "Chang ‘e" to explore the moon, "Zhu Rong" to explore the fire and "Tiangong" to roam the stars … … China Aerospace always dreams of the stars and the sea, and will fly to a wider deep space this year.

China space accelerates exploration to new heights.

The launch window of Shenzhou-18 manned spacecraft confirmed that astronauts appeared in groups.

On April 24th, the press conference of Shenzhou-18 manned mission was held in Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. It is planned to launch the Shenzhou-18 manned spacecraft at 20: 59 on April 25th, and three astronauts will make a collective appearance.

At the press conference, a spokesman for China’s manned spaceflight project introduced the relevant situation of this mission. At 11 noon, the flight crew of Shenzhou 18 met with Chinese and foreign journalists in Wentian Pavilion. The crew consisted of astronauts Ye Guangfu, Li Cong and Li Guangsu. Commander Ye Guangfu has carried out the manned mission of Shenzhou XIII, and Li Cong and Li Guangsu are the third batch of astronauts in China, both of whom are flying for the first time.

Shenzhou 17, which is carrying out its mission in the space station, is in orbit to watch the press conference and press conference of Shenzhou 18 manned mission.

At present, the state of the space station assembly and all equipment are working normally, the product quality of the Shenzhou-18 rocket assembly is controlled, the ground system facilities and equipment are running stably, and all preparations are ready before launch.

China’s manned moon landing is being developed and built as planned.

April 24 is the ninth "China Aerospace Day" with the theme of "Looking at the vast expanse of the sky and working together with the stars".

Lin Xiqiang, deputy director of the China Manned Space Engineering Office, said that at present, major flight products such as the Long March 10 carrier rocket, the Dreamboat manned spacecraft, the lunar lander, and the moon landing suit have all completed the program development work, and the production of prototype products and various tests are being carried out in an all-round way. The construction of Wenchang manned lunar exploration launch site has been fully implemented.

In 2024, China Aerospace is expected to launch about 100 missions, and the fourth phase of the lunar exploration project, Chang ‘e-6 mission, Shenzhou-18 manned mission and Tianzhou-8 cargo spacecraft replenishment mission will be advanced as scheduled. Not only that, with the "commercial aerospace" being written into the government work report for the first time, new quality productivity in the aerospace field is also gestating.

In January this year, Kuaizhou Rocket created the fastest networking record of domestic commercial satellite constellations. This year, the company will also complete eight space launch missions.

Accord to that national space administration, at present, there are nine types of commercial launch vehicle that can provide launching services, and a number of remote sen constellations of 100 orders of magnitude initiated by commercial enterprises are under steady construction. With the active arrangement of local governments and enterprises, it is estimated that the scale of China’s commercial space market is expected to exceed 2.3 trillion yuan this year.

China’s economy will make greater contributions to the world economy.

After the National Bureau of Statistics released the economic data for the first quarter of this year, many international financial institutions such as Goldman Sachs, Morgan Stanley and Deutsche Bank raised their economic growth forecasts for China this year. In response, Wang Wenbin, a spokeswoman for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said at a regular press conference held on April 24th that looking ahead, the trend of China’s economic recovery for the better and the longer term will not change, and it will make greater contributions to the world economy.

Wang Wenbin, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, said that in the first quarter of this year, China’s economy got off to a good start, the "troika" indicators of consumption, investment and export were running well, and the four macro indicators of growth, employment, inflation and balance of payments remained generally stable, releasing a "strong sense of spring" of sustained recovery. In the first quarter, China’s GDP increased by 5.3% year-on-year, of which domestic demand contributed 85.5% to economic growth, which is the main force to promote economic growth. The UNCTAD report predicts that China’s economy will achieve the growth target of around 5% this year. The 2024 global foreign direct investment confidence index released by American management consulting service company Kearney shows that China’s ranking jumped from the seventh place last year to the third place. According to a Bloomberg report, China will rank first in the world in the proportion of new economic activities in the next five years. Looking into the future, the trend of China’s economic recovery to be good and long-term good will not change. It is believed that with the continuous promotion of high-quality development and high-level opening up, China’s economy will accelerate the pace of transformation and upgrading on the basis of steady progress and make greater contributions to the world economy.

China set up a national overseas intellectual property dispute response guidance center to save 6.89 billion yuan for enterprises.

The State Council Press Office held a press conference on April 24th. China National Intellectual Property Administration introduced that the National Guidance Center for Dealing with Overseas Intellectual Property Disputes has been set up with the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade, and 43 local sub-centers have been set up in 27 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities), and work guidance stations have been set up in countries and regions with intensive trade exchanges to provide professional and efficient overseas rights protection guidance services for enterprises. In 2023, 1,706 enterprises were instructed, which saved 6.89 billion yuan in economic losses for enterprises and helped enterprises reduce the cost of rights protection by 390 million yuan.

110 million yuan of central natural disaster relief funds support flood control and disaster relief in Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi.

Recently, the Ministry of Finance and the Emergency Management Department urgently pre-allocated 110 million yuan of central natural disaster relief funds to support flood control and disaster relief work in Jiangxi, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces, focusing on emergency treatment such as search and rescue, relocation and resettlement of affected people, danger elimination, investigation and emergency rectification of hidden dangers of secondary disasters, and repair of damaged houses.

The cultural tourism market continues to heat up, and "fancy" in various places stimulates consumption enthusiasm.

There is still a week before the May Day holiday. These days, air ticket booking has reached a peak, outbound travel has also ushered in a substantial increase, and the cultural tourism market has continued to heat up.

In the big data system of this online booking platform, the reporter found that since mid-April, the air ticket booking curve has obviously increased, and the air ticket booking volume of popular cities has increased day by day, with a one-day increase of 40%. Fifteen days before the holiday, the number of air ticket bookings has exceeded the same period in 2023. The reporter found on a number of online booking platforms that during this year’s "May 1" holiday, medium and long-distance travel was hot, with orders accounting for 56%. The rapid growth of long-distance travel has driven the volume and price of the holiday civil aviation passenger transport market to rise.

Shang Kejia, deputy director of the Transportation Department of the Civil Aviation Administration of China, said: "The main reason for the popularity of the civil aviation passenger transport market is the continuous release of consumer demand, and transportation production has returned to natural growth, and it has entered the stage of improving quality and increasing efficiency."

The online booking platform data also shows that at present, the number of inbound and outbound airline tickets booked during the May 1 holiday exceeds 690,000, an increase of about 17% over a week ago. Thailand, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia and Singapore rank among the top five popular outbound destinations, and the number of outbound travel bookings has nearly tripled year-on-year.

"May Day" is approaching, and Air China will open new Beijing one after another from April 28th — Riyadh, Beijing — Dhaka route, return to Beijing — Madrid — Sao Paulo, Beijing — Madrid — Havana route. By then, the domestic airline route network will cover six continents again.

At the same time, the launching ceremony of the national cultural and tourism consumption promotion activities in 2024 and the home event of the National May Day Cultural and Tourism Consumption Week were also held in Zhuhai on April 23rd. With the theme of "Cultural tourism benefiting the people and sharing a better life", all localities will launch special cultural tourism activities, new consumption scenarios and measures to benefit the people around traditional festivals, legal holidays and summer holidays to stimulate the enthusiasm of cultural tourism consumption.

With the coming of the May 1 holiday, from May 1, Hainan launched the "air ticket is the ticket" travel coupon distribution activity, and tourists outside Hainan Island can exchange tickets for 21 scenic spots in Hainan Island with their tickets for the corresponding time period. During the holidays, Hainan Province will hold more than 150 cultural and artistic, sports events and tourism festivals to welcome tourists from all over the world.

In 2023, the level of residents’ health literacy will increase to 29.70%.

On April 24th, the National Health and Wellness Commission released the health literacy monitoring of China residents in 2023. In 2023, the health literacy level of Chinese residents reached 29.70%, 1.92 percentage points higher than that in 2022, and continued to show a steady improvement trend. 29.70% means that among every 100 people aged 15-69, nearly 30 people have basic health literacy, know basic health knowledge and concepts, master healthy lifestyle and behavior content, and have basic health skills.

The monitoring results show that in 2023, the health literacy level of urban residents in China was 33.25%, and that of rural residents was 26.23%, increasing by 1.31 and 2.45 percentage points respectively compared with 2022. The level of basic knowledge and concept literacy of urban and rural residents is 42.00%, the level of healthy lifestyle and behavior literacy is 32.21%, and the level of basic skills literacy is 26.76%, which is 0.74, 1.58 and 0.76 percentage points higher than that in 2022 respectively. The literacy level of six kinds of health problems from high to low is: safety and first aid literacy 59.33%, scientific health concept literacy 54.71%, health information literacy 41.05%, chronic disease prevention literacy 30.43%, basic medical literacy 28.84% and infectious disease prevention literacy 28.02%.

Carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP are expected to drop by 3.9% this year.

On April 23rd, the Ministry of Ecology and Environment released the main target of ecological environment protection in 2024. This year, the average concentration of PM2.5, the ratio of days with excellent air quality, the ratio of surface water quality sections I to III and other eco-environmental quality indicators in cities at prefecture level and above will be better than the schedule requirements of the Tenth Five-Year Plan, the carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP will be reduced by about 3.9%, and the total emissions of nitrogen oxides, volatile organic compounds, chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen will continue to decrease.

Original serious demographic gossip group serious demographic gossip

Author | Wang Han Ph.D. student in sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Editor | Zhao Menghan Associate Professor, Population and Development Research Center, Renmin University of China

After the outbreak of COVID-19, all aspects of our lives have been greatly impacted, and education is also an area that has been deeply influenced and changed. Due to the demand of prevention and control, face-to-face teaching was forced to stop. In order to solve the teaching problems of all kinds of students, especially those in the basic education stage, an upsurge of online teaching has been set off around the world since 2020.

Our country has also responded quickly in developing online teaching. As early as January 29, 2020, the Ministry of Education issued a notice: advocating the use of online platforms to achieve "suspension of classes without stopping teaching and learning", so as to gradually restore the order of education and teaching. Subsequently, major universities, primary and secondary schools responded to the call and began to implement online teaching. Although offline teaching was also carried out during the slow epidemic, it was not until this year that offline campus teaching was basically completely restored. It should be said that the implementation of online teaching not only protects the health of teachers and students, but also minimizes the impact of the epidemic on teaching activities.

Of course, the emergence and application of anything new has a complicated impact. There are many difficulties and challenges, but it also brings innovation and hope. With the small series, we will sort out and summarize the influence and enlightenment brought to us by the online courses in the next three years in stages.

Chapter 1

Past lives of online class

As a new teaching method, Internet teaching has two main ways: live teaching and recorded teaching. Live teaching is the real-time classroom teaching and interaction with the help of the network platform, such as the popular Zoom abroad, the Tencent conference commonly used in domestic universities, and all kinds of nails that are collectively scored low by primary school students. Live teaching is equivalent to "moving" the classroom to the network platform. Recording and broadcasting teaching means uploading course videos and related materials made in advance on the network platform for learners to view and learn by themselves. The pioneer of recording and broadcasting teaching is the famous Coursera, and there are similar platforms in China, such as Netease Open Class and China University MOOC.

In fact, before the epidemic, Internet teaching had a broad audience in China, mainly concentrated in college students and adult self-learners. Online courses are widely used in all kinds of postgraduate entrance examinations, overseas examinations and civil service examinations, which makes large-scale training and teaching possible. When Xiao Bian was preparing to go abroad for the exam n years ago, he participated in the GRE full-course and braille class of an institution. At that time, YY voice platform was adopted for online teaching.

Compared with adult learners, students in the basic education stage had less opportunities to contact online teaching before the "online class tide". For basic education, classroom education is not only a form of imparting knowledge, but also an important place for students to make friends and complete socialization. Therefore, compared with the online teaching of graduate students like Xiaobian, students and teachers in primary and secondary schools have encountered many problems in the process of accepting online teaching.

Chapter 2

Difficulties and challenges in online courses

The first challenge that online classes bring to teachers and students in primary and secondary schools is the technical problem. First of all, in terms of network and equipment, some students can’t get a stable network connection due to economic constraints, or they don’t have computers at home. Many students use mobile devices to attend online classes, which may damage their eyesight because of the small screen. In terms of acceptance, primary school students’ acceptance is greater than that of high school students, which may be related to the complexity of the teaching content.

Teachers also have similar network and equipment problems, but what teachers reflect more is their unfamiliarity with teaching software and lack of live broadcast experience. How to organize teaching and interaction in virtual environment is a big challenge for teachers, especially for older teachers, who need to spend more time getting familiar with and applying new technologies. The research points out that most primary and secondary school teachers have negative emotions such as "nervousness and anxiety" when they just turn to online teaching. After using it for a period of time, with the improvement of teachers’ mastery of new technologies, their self-confidence in online teaching has also improved significantly. Technology-related problems are obvious in the initial stage of online course application. With the increase of familiarity, most of the problems have been solved.

Compared with technical problems, the quality of online teaching is the focus of attention. In a nationwide survey of online classes in primary and secondary schools, most parents said that they didn’t recognize the effect of their children’s learning. The main reason was that parents thought that their children’s autonomous learning ability was poor, and they could not effectively supervise and restrain their children because the teachers were not present. Common problems such as absent-mindedness, inattention in listening, and inattention in completing homework. On social media, Xiao Bian also saw a post. A teacher opened the teaching software to check the homework, only to find that the homework photos uploaded by the students were net maps, and all the students uploaded the same photo. What’s even more outrageous is that in order to avoid the teacher’s discovery, some students added different filters to the photos, and when they saw the students’ "Sao operation", the teacher also said that he was speechless.

The classroom in colleges and universities needs more interaction and discussion between teachers and students, while in online courses, teachers and students lack opportunities for face-to-face communication. The form of online teaching is like a "enough paper" for communication and interaction. Although it is only a thin layer, it is difficult to attract students to break it in class. Without asking to turn on the camera, many students are confused, lying down and listening to classes while walking, and the learning effect is naturally not good.

In addition, due to the differences of students’ family environment and family relationship, online teaching will amplify the influence of family background on students. Children from wealthy families will have a better learning environment and a better learning effect than children from low-income families. Therefore, how to improve the teaching quality of online teaching for students in compulsory education stage is a subject worth studying in the future.

Chapter 3

Surprises and opportunities brought by online courses

The popularity of online teaching has promoted the development of internet teaching technology, innovated teaching methods and promoted the development of various online teaching platforms and software. As a nail, the school-based function is convenient for teachers to check and correct homework and improve teaching efficiency. In the process of developing online courses, teachers have innovated teaching methods and accumulated teaching experience supported by new technologies.

Although some students are even more reluctant to participate in interaction in online classes, due to the absence of the Internet, some students who are usually silent in the classroom can participate in classroom interaction more actively after switching to the Internet platform, which is also a pleasant surprise in online teaching.

In the process of online teaching, parents’ participation in their children’s education has increased significantly. Due to the absence of teachers, parents assume the role of supervision and management of their children, which gives many parents who are usually busy with their work and less involved in their children’s studies an opportunity to get to know their children better. In the process of supervising and tutoring children’s homework, the interaction between parents and children has also increased significantly, which is helpful to improve family relations (of course, when the academic performance is not good, it will also have the opposite effect).

The popularity of online courses has also greatly enriched Internet educational resources. In the past, some teaching resources that were difficult to retrieve on the Internet can now be easily found on various platforms, which will help reduce the cost of education and give everyone a more equal opportunity to obtain educational resources. Some things that you used to have to take remedial classes can now be found on the Internet. At the same time, the online teaching resources have realized "paperless" teaching and learning, which is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment.

More importantly, the popularity of online courses is a new opportunity for friends who are interested in lifelong learning and improve themselves through self-study. For example, on Coursera, you can hear courses from top universities in the world, such as Harvard University and University of California, Berkeley, and most of them are provided free of charge. If your English is not very good, there are many Chinese Coursera courses for you to choose from in Netease open class. The bridge of the internet allows many people who have no chance to study abroad to dream of famous schools. The popularity of online courses is a great boon for lifelong learners.

To sum up, although online education has encountered some difficulties and challenges in the initial stage of application, it is very valuable in the long run. Online teaching not only promotes the innovation of teaching technology, but also greatly enriches educational resources; It greatly reduces the cost of receiving education, is conducive to the popularization and sinking of knowledge, and improves the overall quality of the people. Therefore, in the future, as educators, we should pay more attention to the value of online education and focus on solving the problems found in the teaching process, so that online education can benefit a wider group.

References:

Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher education for the future, 8(1), 133-141.

Zhang Huirong, Zhu Yuqiong, Nianchuang, & Xiong Zhangxiao. (2020). Online teaching in primary and secondary schools under major epidemic: opportunities, challenges and countermeasures. Curriculum. Teaching methods, 40(5), 58-63.

Tang Xueping,&Li Chen. (2021). Analysis of public awareness of online teaching in primary and secondary schools during the COVID-19 epidemic. Distance education in China.

Zhang Binglin, Fu Rui,&Li Dingding. (2020). Rational Thinking on Webcast Teaching in Post-epidemic Period. Curriculum. Textbook. Teaching Method, 40(6), 73-80.

Original title: "Do you miss the online class for three years? 》

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　　On the evening of November 12, the Health and Health Committee of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia and the Health and Health Committee of Chaoyang District in Beijing jointly announced that on November 12, two people in Sunite Zuoqi of Xilin Gol League in Inner Mongolia were diagnosed as confirmed cases of pneumonic plague through expert consultation. At present, the patient has been properly treated in relevant medical institutions in Chaoyang District, Beijing, and relevant prevention and control measures have been implemented. According to Health News, an industry newspaper in charge of National Health Commission, National Health Commission Emergency Office has arranged state-level experts to go to Inner Mongolia to guide the local tracing work and find out the source of infection and the route of transmission.

　　Once the news was released, it caused widespread concern. Many citizens are worried: if there are mice at home, will they be infected with plague? The Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention answered this question on the official WeChat WeChat official account: If you are not in an epidemic area, there is generally little risk of infection, so citizens need not worry too much.

　　There are no follow-up cases at present.

　　"In addition to these two patients, there are no follow-up cases." Feng Zijian, deputy director of China CDC, told the media.

　　Plague is a severe infectious disease, which is a special zoonotic disease in which rodents and fleas transmit Yersinia pestis to humans and animals. In China, plague is a Class A infectious disease stipulated in the Law on the Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (there are only two Class A infectious diseases in China, and the other is cholera).

　　The incubation period of plague is generally 1 to 6 days, and individual cases can reach 8 to 9 days. After being infected with Yersinia pestis, it can be clinically manifested as bubonic plague, pneumonic plague and septicemia plague. Bubonic plague is the most common, which usually manifests as fever and local lymph node enlargement, and the cure rate is high; Pneumonic plague is often characterized by high fever, cough, chest tightness, dyspnea and hemoptysis. Due to the urgent onset, the disease progresses rapidly, and if it is not treated in time, the mortality rate is high. The symptoms of septicemia plague are also serious and the prognosis is poor.

　　The host animals carrying Yersinia pestis are mainly rodents such as rats and marmots. In the north of China, Citellus and Marmota are the main species, while Rattus flavipectus and Rattus norvegicus are the main species in the south. Beijing is not a natural focus, and Yersinia pestis does not exist in the natural environment and rodents.

　　Plague cases are very rare

　　In history, there have been three worldwide pandemics of plague, which was once called the "Black Death", causing serious losses to human life and health. Before the founding of New China, the plague epidemic in China was also very serious. After the founding of New China, the Chinese government attached great importance to the prevention and control of plague, and the number of cases dropped significantly. At present, plague is very rare in China, but it has not disappeared. There are cases of plague in Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet and Inner Mongolia.

　　In Guangdong, from 1866 to 1952, plague was prevalent for 87 years, affecting 69 counties in the whole province (including Hainan Island and Beihai and Qinzhou, which are now Guangxi), with more than 486,000 deaths. Since 1953, no plague cases have been reported in Guangdong province, and great achievements have been made in plague prevention and control, and it has been resting for more than 66 years by 2019. However, with the increasing frequency of tourism and business exchanges, there is still the risk of imported cases.

　　The general risk of infection is not great.

　　However, the public need not panic. Plague is an ancient bacterial infectious disease and can be treated with a variety of effective antibiotics in clinic. If patients can see a doctor early and get standardized and effective treatment, the cure rate is very high. Suspicious contacts can also avoid getting sick by taking preventive medicine.

　　Many citizens are worried that if there are rats in my house, will they be infected with the plague? In fact, mice usually need rat fleas as a medium to infect humans, and direct contact with infected mice also has the opportunity to be infected. If you are not in an epidemic area, the risk of infection is generally small, so don’t worry too much. However, if there are more mice in the house, it will cause some other diseases such as epidemic hemorrhagic fever. It is suggested to do indoor hygiene and eliminate mice.

　　In addition, if citizens suddenly develop fever, chills, swollen lymph nodes or dyspnea, cough and/or bloody sputum, they should seek medical treatment immediately (people who have traveled in plague-endemic areas should inform medical staff of their travel history). Self-medication, including the use of antibiotics, should be avoided unless diagnosed by medical personnel.

　　interlinkage

　　1. What are the main routes of transmission?

　　The main transmission routes of plague include vector transmission, contact transmission and droplet transmission. In natural foci, vector transmission is the most important mode of transmission, and fleas are the main media for spreading plague. Fleas parasitic on infected animals can cause human infection after being infected with plague bacteria and then biting people. Contact transmission refers to the infection caused by bacteria entering the body through skin surface wounds or mucous membranes when people come into contact with infected animals during slaughter, skinning and meat eating, or when they come into contact with excreta and secretions of plague patients. In addition, the respiratory secretions of patients with pneumonic plague contain a large number of Yersinia pestis, and the germs released by patients during breathing and coughing can form droplets and suspend in the air for a short time, which can also cause infection when others inhale.

　　2. How to do personal protection?

　　Good personal hygiene habits are the most effective measures to prevent various infectious diseases, including plague. At present, Beijing residents don’t need to take special personal protective measures, but they should maintain good personal hygiene habits, such as washing their hands frequently, trying to avoid going to crowded places, and wearing masks in time when going to medical institutions or individuals with fever, cough and other related symptoms.

　　If you suspect that you have had contact with the case, you can go to self-observation, or take the initiative to report to the local disease control department and get professional guidance. Once you have symptoms such as fever and cough, you should seek medical advice in time.

　　When traveling, minimize contact with wild animals, do not tease marmots with unknown health, prevent flea bites, reduce body exposure by using repellent, avoid being bitten by fleas, and do not hunt and eat wild animals without permission. (Yangcheng Evening News reporter Fu Changfeng Xixi correspondent Yue Kangxin)