The General Administration of Market Supervision issued the Regulations on the Administration of Food Supplementary Inspection Methods.

Cctv news: The website of the General Administration of Market Supervision reported on March 17 that the General Administration of Market Supervision issued a notice on printing and distributing the Administrative Provisions on Supplementary Inspection Methods of Food. It is clearly stipulated that for foods that may be adulterated, supplementary food inspection methods can be formulated, and the scope of formulation should meet the following conditions at the same time: the inspection items and inspection methods specified in the existing food safety standards cannot be inspected; Failing to formulate a temporary inspection method for harmful substances in food; Failing to provide inspection methods for non-food chemicals and other substances that may endanger human health that have been found to be added or may be added to food.

Provisions on the administration of supplementary food inspection methods

Chapter I General Principles

Article 1 In order to standardize the formulation of supplementary food inspection methods, these Provisions are formulated in accordance with the Regulations for the Implementation of the Food Safety Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC).

Article 2 The formulation of supplementary food inspection methods shall be scientific, reliable, practical, operable and extendable.

Article 3 For foods that may be adulterated, supplementary food inspection methods may be formulated, and the scope of formulation shall meet the following conditions:

(1) The inspection items and methods specified in the existing food safety standards cannot be inspected;

(two) the temporary inspection method of harmful substances in food is not specified;

(3) Failing to specify the detection methods for non-food chemicals and other substances that may endanger human health that have been found to be added or may be added to food.

Article 4 Supplementary food inspection methods can be used for sampling inspection of food, investigation and handling of food safety cases and handling of food safety accidents.

Article 5 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall be responsible for the formulation of supplementary food inspection methods. The formulation of food supplementary inspection methods includes project establishment, drafting, submission and review, approval and release, follow-up evaluation and revision.

Article 6 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall organize the establishment of a food supplementary inspection method review committee (hereinafter referred to as the review committee), which shall have an expert group and an office. The expert group shall be composed of experts in food inspection-related fields, and shall be responsible for reviewing food supplementary inspection methods.

Chapter II Legislation

Article 7 The General Administration of Market Supervision may, by means of solicitation and entrustment, determine the project and drafting unit of supplementary food inspection methods in accordance with the principles of prioritizing and being scientific and feasible. When major problems are found in food safety supervision or in response to emergencies, supplementary food inspection methods can be urgently added.

Article 8 An applicant shall meet the following conditions:

(a) the technical level and organizational ability required for drafting supplementary food inspection methods;

(2) There is no conflict of interest in the field involved in the declared project;

(3) Being able to provide resources and guarantee conditions in terms of personnel, funds, scientific research, etc. required for the drafting of supplementary food inspection methods, and being able to complete relevant drafting tasks as required.

Article 9 The person in charge of a project shall meet the following conditions:

(1) Having high attainments and professional level in food safety and related fields, and being familiar with domestic and foreign food safety-related laws and regulations, food safety standards and supplementary food inspection methods;

(2) Working experience in drafting national food safety standards and supplementary food inspection methods is preferred.

Article 10 During the extension of the food supplementary inspection method project undertaken by the project leader, in principle, no new method project may be declared; In principle, the same drafting unit shall not declare more than three items in the same batch.

Eleventh in accordance with the requirements of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the applicant shall fill in the application for the establishment of food supplementary inspection methods and submit the relevant materials to the office of the review committee.

Article 12 The application materials for project approval shall include the food safety problems to be solved, the background and reasons for project approval, the applicable conditions, scope and main technical contents of the methods, the existing food safety risk monitoring data, the international similar methods and relevant domestic laws and regulations, the possible economic and social impacts and the preliminary work basis of the applicant.

Article 13 The review committee office collects the application materials for project initiation, organizes experts to conduct project initiation review, and recommends the project initiation and drafting unit according to the requirements of food safety supervision. When multiple units need to jointly undertake the project, the expert group shall recommend the lead unit and participating unit according to the application materials.

Article 14 The General Administration of Market Supervision may, according to the needs of work, solicit opinions from provincial market supervision departments and other relevant units on project establishment.

Chapter III Weeding

Article 15 The drafting unit shall be responsible for the formulation of supplementary food inspection methods, and the drafting unit shall be responsible for the scientificity, advancement, practicability and standardization of the methods. Encourage food inspection agencies, scientific research institutes, universities, social organizations and other units to jointly draft.

Article 16 When drafting the text of supplementary food inspection methods, the rules should be compiled with reference to the national food safety standards, including the scope of application, method principle, reagent instruments, analysis steps, calculation results, etc. The compilation instructions include relevant background, development process, basis of various technical parameters, verification in and between laboratories, etc.

If there is any content in the method text that needs to be coordinated with the national food safety standards and other supplementary food inspection methods, it should be clearly stated in the preparation instructions, and relevant materials should be provided, and technical opinions that need to be coordinated should be put forward.

Seventeenth drafting units should be based on the technical characteristics of the drafting method, in principle, select not less than five food inspection agencies, commissioned to carry out inter-laboratory verification. The selection of verification units should be representative and credible, including at least one food re-inspection institution.

The verification unit shall provide the verification report stamped with the official seal to the drafting unit. The verification unit shall be responsible for the authenticity and legality of the verification report issued by it.

Article 18 The verification report shall at least include the food matrix, detection limit, quantitative limit, linear range, accuracy and precision of the method. Other verification contents and indicators refer to the relevant requirements of national food safety standard method verification. When necessary, take real positive samples, simulated spiked samples or quality control samples to ensure certain uniformity and stability for inter-laboratory verification.

Nineteenth drafting units and project leaders shall, on the basis of in-depth investigation and study and full demonstration of technical indicators, develop supplementary food inspection methods as required. The drafting unit shall solicit opinions extensively. When soliciting opinions, methods, drafts for soliciting opinions and preparation instructions shall be provided. The objects to be consulted should be representative, including food inspection institutions, scientific research institutes, colleges and universities, industry associations and experts.

No less than 20 written opinions were received for comments. The drafting unit shall summarize and sort out the feedback and fill in the summary processing table for soliciting opinions.

Article 20 In case of any of the following circumstances, the drafting unit shall, in principle, submit a written application to the entrusting unit 30 days in advance, and send a copy to the office of the evaluation committee before implementation:

(a) the drafting unit or the person in charge of the project changes;

(two) the project extension, in principle, only once and not more than half a year;

(3) Other circumstances of project adjustment.

Chapter IV Submission and Examination

Twenty-first drafting units shall complete the drafting work within the prescribed time limit, and submit the draft method, preparation instructions, comments summary processing form, verification report, social risk analysis report and other materials to the office of the review committee.

Article 22 The office of the Review Committee shall organize formal review within 5 working days after receiving the draft method and related materials. The contents of the review shall include completeness, standardization and consistency with the requirements of the project.

If the formal review is passed, the office of the Review Committee will organize experts to conduct a meeting review; If the formal review fails, the office of the review committee shall inform the drafting unit.

Article 23 The expert group shall elect the group leader, preside over the meeting review, and review the scientific, advanced, practical, normative and other technical issues of the materials submitted for review. Each method appoints the presiding expert, who is responsible for organizing the review opinions and guiding the revision of the method content.

Twenty-fourth meeting review, the person in charge of the project shall attend the meeting to report the drafting process, technical route, content basis, etc., and answer questions from experts.

Twenty-fifth meeting review in principle by consensus. The expert group is responsible for the review, and the expert group forms a review opinion according to the materials submitted by the drafting unit and the on-site inquiry, and each expert participating in the review signs the review opinion. After the meeting, the office of the review committee summarizes the opinions of experts and forms the minutes of the meeting.

Twenty-sixth through the meeting review method, the drafting unit should be revised according to the review opinions, and submit the relevant materials within the prescribed time limit after being signed by the presiding expert and the review team leader.

If the method fails to pass the meeting review, the expert group shall issue a written opinion to the drafting unit of the method, explaining the reasons for not passing. If a retrial is required after revision, the drafting unit shall revise it according to the review opinions and submit it for review again; If the method of re-examination is not passed, the conclusion of the review is not passed in principle.

Twenty-seventh the drafting unit in any of the following circumstances, in principle, will no longer entrust new food supplementary inspection methods to develop projects, and submitted to the relevant departments for treatment:

(a) the project fails to meet the quality requirements or the drafting unit fails to perform relevant duties and fails to carry out rectification as required;

(two) the method of drafting fraud, favoritism;

(3) stopping the drafting of methods or extending the time limit for drafting methods without approval;

(four) do not use the working funds according to the provisions;

(five) other circumstances that do not meet the requirements of the management of food supplementary inspection methods.

Chapter V Approval and Release

Article 28 The office of the review committee shall, within 10 working days, submit the approved draft of supplementary food inspection methods, review conclusions and other materials to the General Administration of Market Supervision.

Twenty-ninth after the approval of the General Administration of Market Supervision, the supplementary inspection methods for food will be released in the form of announcement. The supplementary food inspection method (abbreviated as BJS) shall be numbered according to the rule of "BJS+ year number+serial number", and besides the text of the method, the information of main drafters and main drafters shall be published at the same time.

Article 30 The supplementary food inspection methods shall be published on the website of the General Administration of Market Supervision within 20 working days from the date of publication, and shall be included in the database of supplementary food inspection methods for free reference and download by the public.

Chapter VI Follow-up Evaluation and Revision

Article 31 The General Administration of Market Supervision shall organize review committees, market supervision departments, food inspection agencies, method drafting units, etc. to track and evaluate the implementation of supplementary food inspection methods.

Any citizen, legal person and other organization can put forward opinions and suggestions on the problems existing in the implementation of the method.

Article 32 The review committee shall conduct timely review according to the follow-up evaluation and other conditions, and put forward suggestions for continued validity, revision or abolition.

The revision procedures shall be implemented in accordance with the procedures of project initiation, drafting, submission for review, approval and release of these Provisions. The revised published method number shall be numbered according to Article 29 of these Provisions, and the release of previous versions of alternative food supplementary inspection methods shall be indicated in the preface of the method text.

Article 33 After the release of supplementary food inspection methods, if individual contents need to be adjusted, a revised list of supplementary food inspection methods shall be issued in the form of announcement by the General Administration of Market Supervision.

Chapter VII Supplementary Provisions

Article 34 When issuing inspection data and results according to supplementary food inspection methods, food inspection institutions shall comply with the relevant provisions of national certification and accreditation and inspection and testing.

Article 35 The published supplementary food inspection methods belong to scientific and technological achievements, and can be used as proof materials for the main drafters to apply for scientific research awards and participate in professional and technical qualification evaluation.

Thirty-sixth General Administration of Market Supervision shall formulate procedures for rapid food detection methods with reference to these Provisions.

Article 37 These Provisions shall come into force as of the date of promulgation. The Notice of the General Office of the Food and Drug Administration on Printing and Distributing the Work Provisions of Supplementary Food Inspection Methods (No.175 [2016] of the Food and Drug Administration Office) and the Notice on Issuing the Development Guide for Supplementary Food Inspection Methods (No.203 [2017]) shall be abolished at the same time.

The first exposure of "Customs Front" predicted that Jacky Cheung Nicholas Tse was on the scene.

1905 movie network news On March 14th, Hong Kong International Film and Television Exhibition, at the scene of the single tour of the 2023 film of the Emperor, the new action film exposed the pilot notice of "the opening of the explosion", high-energy naval battles, thrilling blasting, gun battles between police and bandits, and chasing cars … … The shocking scenes with great visual impact take turns to go into battle, and they are caught in the rain of bullets. The tacit understanding of the first world war is full, and a battle between good and evil is about to be staged.


Qiu Litao, the "director of Chinese ghosts", "blew up" when he shot.

2023 blockbuster film reservation


In the forecast, overseas arms dealers are rampant in smuggling, and Hong Kong, China Customs has opened a corner of a major transnational smuggling case, but it has encountered repeated obstacles in the investigation. Zhang Yunnan (Jacky Cheung), senior customs supervisor, and Zhou Zhengli (Nicholas Tse), assistant customs supervisor, jointly solved the case. The preview presents a series of high-energy and thrilling "big scenes on the top". It can be said that every second is exciting and exciting, which makes many netizens scream: "It’s burning, handsome and surprising" and "2023 is to see such a fried Hong Kong film!"


The film was directed by Qiu Litao, who is famous as a "Chinese genius director". His series of works with filmmakers such as,, and so on are very influential, and netizens even call Qiu Litao the director who can shoot the king best. This film "Customs Front" brought together powerful actors such as Jacky Cheung, Nicholas Tse, Ying Hou, Ying Hou, Foo Wa Yuen, etc., and the acting "King Fried the Sky" gathered together, which is really expected.


Jacky Cheung returned to the big screen after seven years.

Nicholas Tse’s first action guide "hands down" on himself.


The film "Customs Front" is Jacky Cheung’s return to the big screen after seven years’ absence from the film industry. In the preview, Brother Xueyou interprets a multifaceted image of being able to write and fight, and in the first scene filmed in the group, Zhang Tianwang can be described as "humility+hard work" — — After seven years, he stepped into the set again. He carefully ran in every scene in advance. After shooting every scene, he would carefully ask the director for advice and thank everyone more politely after work … … Perhaps it is because of this humility and hard work that this "heavenly king" has won the audience’s love for many years.


It is worth mentioning that Nicholas Tse also served as the action director of this film. On the set, he insisted on doing all kinds of dangerous action scenes by himself, and even jumped off the carriage for more than 20 times until he was satisfied … … When I was acting as an action director for the first time, I was so hard on myself, just for the best effect of the film, which made people really look forward to the final presentation of the film.


The film "Customs Front" will be released nationwide in 2023, so stay tuned.


The 2023 Dodge Ram Rebel V8 has more than 400,000 cars.

 


  

Configuration: black pearl paint front leather seat night bag first-class bag big fuel tank towing hook 18-inch all-terrain tire reversing image front seat heating steering wheel Tyrannosaurus Rex with the same big screen.

 

First-class package configuration: front heated seat heated steering wheel power adjustable pedal Rear ceiling lamp Rear window defroster with on/off switch Sun visor with illuminated cosmetic mirror Uconnect 5 4g LTE Wi-Fi hotspot with 8.4-inch product display screen 8.4-inch touch screen supports Apple Carplay hands-free phone and audio Google Android car integrated central stack radio ?USB mobile projection.

Ram Rebel, as a representative of its series of off-road products, has been selling well overseas, with strong overall design, strong off-road performance and full high-strength off-road configuration. The target models are the smooth road with optional off-road bag and the tremulous version of F150.




Tianjin Xiangruitong Automobile Trading Co., Ltd. specializes in American pickup trucks of various brands, and provides one-stop services such as overseas procurement, domestic retail, customized modification, etc. The whole process is handled transparently without any hidden additional fees.

The design of the interior is very family-oriented, and the layout of various function buttons is exactly the same as that of the same brand’s horn and sports version. The electronic knob handle and the 12-storage vertical screen navigation screen are very scientific and technological.

Many card friends are unfamiliar with rebels. In fact, it is not a new model. It was introduced in China as early as 2017. Later, we stopped introducing it for various reasons. At present, the new model has arrived in the store. The rebel’s appearance is very domineering, and the huge logo shows its powerful performance, from which the design of Tyrannosaurus Rex originated. The steel front sand guard and the 18-inch off-road wheel with the original off-road tires everywhere remind us that it was born for off-road.

At present, many design elements of the ceiling of American pickup trucks are from rebels. The price of more than 500 thousand is tens of thousands higher than that of the same configuration of smooth road province, and everyone thinks it is worth it.————————————————————————————————————————






Performance is improving, but differentiation intensifies the environmental protection industry or sets off a new round of mergers and acquisitions.

  Recently, listed environmental protection companies have successively released their annual performance reports for 2017. Although more than 70% of the companies are pre-happy, the phenomenon of intensified performance differentiation is prominent. In addition, the "small scattered" pattern of the entire environmental protection industry is still outstanding.

  The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industries proposes to improve industrial concentration, cultivate a number of large energy conservation and environmental protection enterprise groups with international competitiveness, and cultivate more than 100 key enterprises in key areas of energy conservation and environmental protection industries. In the opinion of experts and insiders, it is still the general trend for the environmental protection industry to speed up mergers and acquisitions, no matter from the policy orientation or the development of the industry itself, and there will still be a wave of mergers and acquisitions in the future.

  Annual report performance is improving, but industry differentiation is intensifying.

  Combing the disclosed 2017 annual report and performance forecast, it was found that there were 126 companies with pre-history performance during the reporting period, accounting for more than 70%; There are as many as 46 companies whose net profit is expected to double year-on-year, which shows that the overall development of the environmental protection industry is good, and the profits of related listed companies continue to grow significantly.

  Judging from the published annual report, the net profit of leading enterprises such as Sanju Environmental Protection, Bishuiyuan and Oriental Garden all exceeded 2 billion yuan. Among them, Sanju Environmental Protection realized a net profit of 2.539 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 57.02%; Bishuiyuan achieved a net profit of 2.509 billion yuan, an increase of 35.95% year-on-year; The net profit of Oriental Garden was 2.178 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 68.13%.

  However, it is worth noting that the performance differentiation of the entire environmental protection sector has intensified. Yishida, Fei Da Environmental Protection and Tianjin Membrane Technology suffered serious losses, and their net profit and year-on-year profit growth both showed red lights. According to the brokerage research report, the proportion of companies with a net profit of 0-0.5 billion has decreased, while the proportion of companies with a net profit of 0-0.5 billion has increased.

  Among the listed companies in the A-share environmental protection sector, the growth rates of total profit and net profit attributable to the parent company of 16 companies with total assets of more than 5 billion yuan disclosed in the 2017 annual report were 25.3% and 21.6% respectively, while the growth rates of total profit and net profit attributable to the parent company of 18 listed companies with total assets of less than 5 billion yuan were only 8.2% and 10.7% respectively, and there was a huge difference in performance between large and small enterprises.

  The "small scattered" pattern of the industry still exists.

  The "small scattered" pattern of the environmental protection industry is still outstanding. From the perspective of hazardous waste industry, the data show that there are nearly 3,000 hazardous waste enterprises in China, the average qualification scale of licensed enterprises is less than 30,000 tons/year, and the market share of the top ten leading enterprises is even less than 10%. The hazardous waste treatment industry as a whole is scattered, small and weak. "At present, the technical equipment in the hazardous waste industry is weak, and the capacity utilization rate is less than 30%, showing a downward trend as a whole." Li Yongpeng, president of dongjiang environmental protection Co., Ltd., told the Economic Information Daily reporter earlier.

  The sanitation industry is also scattered. According to the real-time tracking data of E20 data center, there are about 5,000 sanitation enterprises in the industry, but only one or two hundred of them have taken shape initially.

  Xue Tao, managing partner of E20 Environment and executive dean of the Institute, pointed out in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that the concentration of environmental protection industry is relatively low, with about 50,000 upstream and downstream enterprises. He specifically analyzed that for the field of industrial pollution control, on the one hand, the categories are complex, Party A is scattered, and the technology is complex, which brings about the problems of low concentration and "small" and "scattered" environmental protection enterprises; On the other hand, the upgrading of industrial sewage management is not perfect, and zero tolerance for excessive sewage discharge has not been achieved, which has aggravated the situation of "small", "scattered" and especially "chaotic" in the industry.

  "In the field of municipal utilities (mainly referring to the field of government payment), the main operators of municipal environmental protection facilities in thousands of counties and cities are naturally dispersed." Xue Tao further pointed out that the franchise reform in 2003 promoted the improvement of industry concentration. The data shows that the top ten social capitals now account for more than 20% of the total water supply in China, and 70% of new waste incineration projects are allocated by the top ten. However, the situation of "small", "scattered" and even "chaotic" is still obvious in the upstream equipment enterprises supporting investment and operation enterprises and other sub-sectors mainly focusing on engineering (rural environmental management, soil remediation, etc.).

  Mergers and acquisitions will continue to deepen.

  According to the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan for the Development of Energy Conservation and Environmental Protection Industry", by 2020, the energy conservation and environmental protection industry will become a pillar industry of the national economy, emphasizing the need to improve industrial concentration and enhance industrial competitiveness. And clearly put forward "to cultivate a number of large energy-saving and environmental protection enterprise groups with international competitiveness, and cultivate more than 100 key enterprises in key areas of energy-saving and environmental protection industries".

  In 2017, the environmental protection industry continued to expand the market and extend the industrial chain through horizontal and vertical mergers and acquisitions, and intra-industry, cross-industry and cross-border mergers and acquisitions have become a normal state. The data shows that in 2017, there were 86 mergers and acquisitions in the national environmental protection industry, involving an amount of 38.5 billion yuan. In the eyes of experts and insiders, this kind of M&A will continue to deepen, and a new wave of M&A is expected to set off again.

  Xue Tao pointed out that due to the low ratio of fixed assets in the field of environmental protection, the process of improving industry concentration will be faster than other fields. Many expansions in this field are completed through mergers and acquisitions, and mergers and acquisitions will remain hot in the next few years. Many small-scale sanitation enterprises have low competitiveness in the process of marketization and will be squeezed out or merged in the next three years.

  For example, Guan Qingyou, president of the Financial Research Institute and chief economist, also believes that the differentiation and restructuring of the environmental protection industry will continue to intensify, and the scale and proportion of some leading enterprises in the whole industry will increase.

  "Strong and weak mergers and strong mergers between operating enterprises are benign and sustainable trends, and mergers and acquisitions will be the theme that will last for a long time." Xue Tao said that small and medium-sized enterprises with subdivided technologies have also been merged by large enterprises, but more are self-renewal and metabolism of many small and medium-sized enterprises. It happens from time to time that excellent enterprises strengthen mergers and acquisitions, but it will be more common to directly compete to squeeze out inferior enterprises.

  However, in the opinion of experts, mergers and acquisitions in the environmental protection industry cannot be generalized. Chen Junhao, Senior Director of Investment in Major Projects Department of Fosun Group, said in an interview with the Economic Information Daily that at present, the vast majority of central enterprises engaged in environmental protection industry are subsidiaries. Although it is feasible in theory to carry out professional integration and asset transfer among subsidiaries, it should not happen in a large scale due to factors such as management system, assessment, personnel appointment and dismissal, and the effect of this administrative reorganization is not necessarily ideal.

  "At the current stage of development, it is still necessary to encourage state-owned capital to enter the field of environmental protection. The key is to have a fair and reasonable market competition environment, so that enterprises with real R&D strength, market development and project operation capabilities can occupy more external market shares through marketization." Chen Junhao said.

  From the international experience, such as Japan and the United States, decentralized municipal infrastructure operators are widespread. Even the "French duo" such as Veolia and Suez will be surrounded by many small and medium-sized environmental protection technology enterprises to provide supporting services and technological innovation. Xue Tao believes that the future pattern of domestic environmental protection industry, from the operational point of view, both industrial and municipal concentration will continue to increase, but various technical subdivisions will leave a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises with enough room for development. Considering the inherent characteristics of technological innovation and environmental protection subdivision, in this part of the region, "small scattered" is not the fundamental problem, "small scattered" is. The key to solving the "chaos" still needs to gradually put in place all kinds of supervision based on the effect of environmental governance. (Reporter Ban Juanjuan)

In 2020, China’s financial system will operate smoothly, and the balance of green credit will rank first in the world.

Conference site

Conference site

  Cctv news(Reporter Li Wenliang) On January 15th, the State Council Office held a press conference. Chen Yulu, deputy governor of the People’s Bank of China, introduced that in 2020, the People’s Bank of China will comprehensively track the epidemic prevention and control and the economic and social development situation, and flexibly grasp the strength, rhythm and focus of monetary policy regulation and control, thus creating a stable and suitable monetary and financial environment for the epidemic prevention and control, "six stabilities" and "six guarantees".

  Chen Yulu said that on January 12th, the People’s Bank of China released the Report on Financial Statistics in 2020. The data shows that in 2020, China’s major financial indicators are running in line with expectations, and the financial system is running smoothly.

  First, the growth of money and credit basically achieved the annual target. At the end of 2020, the broad money supply (M2) increased by 10.1% year-on-year, 1.4 percentage points higher than the end of last year; RMB loans increased by 19.6 trillion yuan, an increase of 2.8 trillion yuan over the previous year; The stock of social financing scale increased by 13.3% year-on-year, 2.6 percentage points higher than the end of last year. From the perspective of the whole year, the People’s Bank of China has provided 1.75 trillion yuan of long-term liquidity for the real economy by reducing the deposit reserve ratio three times. The People’s Bank of China has launched more than 9 trillion yuan of monetary policy support measures, ensuring the policy goal of "moderate monetary aggregate and reasonable liquidity".

  Second, the credit structure was optimized, loans from manufacturing enterprises and small and medium-sized enterprises continued to exert their strength, and financial support for key areas of the real economy increased. In 2020, the balance of medium and long-term loans in manufacturing industry increased by 35.2%, 20.3 percentage points higher than the previous year, and the growth rate has been rising for 14 consecutive months. Pratt & Whitney small and micro loans increased by 30.3%, 7.2 percentage points higher than the previous year. At the same time, the effect of real estate control policies has been gradually released, and the growth rate of real estate loan balance has dropped for 29 consecutive months.

  Third, we continued to deepen the structural reform of the financial supply side, and the financing cost of the real economy dropped significantly. In 2020, the interest rate marketization reform continued to advance, the conversion of the pricing benchmark of existing floating interest rate loans was successfully completed as scheduled, the dividend of interest rate reform continued to be released, the transmission efficiency of monetary policy was enhanced, and the interest rate of corporate loans was significantly reduced. At the end of 2020, the weighted average interest rate of corporate loans nationwide was 4.61%, down by 0.51 percentage point from the end of last year, the lowest level since statistics were available in 2015. At the same time, the financial system did everything possible to reduce the financing costs of enterprises and successfully achieved the goal of making profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy.

  Fourth, the financial support for the "three major battles" has achieved remarkable results. In 2020, the battle to prevent and resolve financial risks has achieved important milestones. P2P platforms have all been cleared, various high-risk financial institutions have been disposed of in an orderly manner, the scale of shadow banking has been reduced, the risks of asset management products have obviously converged, and the nesting of inter-bank associations has been continuously reduced. At the same time, the People’s Bank of China resolutely supports winning the battle against poverty. In the past five years, the poverty-stricken population and industrial precision poverty alleviation loans have accumulated more than 6.5 trillion yuan, benefiting more than 90 million poor people and helping all poverty-stricken counties to remove their hats. In recent years, the People’s Bank of China has supported green development and ecological civilization construction through green finance, which has been widely praised by the international community. At present, the balance of green credit in China ranks first in the world, and the stock scale of green bonds ranks second in the world.

  In 2020, in order to help China’s real economy, especially small and micro enterprises, reduce the serious impact and impact of the epidemic, the People’s Bank of China will also guide the financial system to make profits of 1.5 trillion yuan to the real economy through measures such as lowering interest rates, reducing fees, and delaying the repayment of principal and interest.

  At the same time, four policies and measures have been introduced to support the financing and stable development of small and micro enterprises: First, two monetary policy tools that go directly to the real economy have been innovated, and the central bank’s funds have been used to encourage banks to extend loans to small and micro enterprises, so as to substantially increase the supply of credit loans. The second is to increase inclusive policy support for small and micro enterprises in key areas. The third is to improve the financial service capabilities of commercial banks’ own small and micro enterprises. The fourth is to give play to the policy synergy of "several promotion" and improve monetary, regulatory, fiscal and taxation and external policy incentives. Last year, the financing of small and micro enterprises achieved remarkable results of "volume increase, price decrease and area expansion". By the end of the year, the balance of Pratt & Whitney small and micro enterprises was 15.1 trillion, a year-on-year increase of 30%. In 2020, 32.28 million business entities were supported, an increase of 5.24 million over the previous year.

  Chen Yulu said that in 2021, a prudent monetary policy will be more flexible, accurate, reasonable and moderate, and will continue to maintain the necessary support for economic recovery.

Global insight into how the United States undermines global environmental governance: what about not ratifying the Convention on Biological Diversity in the past 30 years?

  In the past week, the first phase of the 15th Conference of the Parties (COP15) of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity was successfully held in Kunming, China. However, during this meeting, all parties also noticed that the United States has not completed the ratification procedure for 30 years since it signed the Convention in the 1990s.

  With a total of 196 parties, the Convention on Biological Diversity has developed into one of the international environmental conventions with the largest number of countries. As one of the most developed countries in the world, the absence of the United States has undoubtedly caused significant damage to the global efforts to protect biodiversity and prevent species extinction.

  △ Quartz, a business news website, wrote that the refusal of the United States to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity may weaken the protection of biodiversity at home and abroad.

  Internal party struggles shut out the global environmental protection plan

  At the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development held in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil in 1992, the Convention on Biological Diversity was opened for signature by all countries. Many countries, including China, signed this historic convention on the spot, but the United States chose to give up at that time.

  △ At the Rio Conference in 1992, leaders of various countries enthusiastically signed the Convention on Biological Diversity under the witness of then-UN Secretary-General Boutros Ghali (right). However, the then US President George W. Bush did not sign it.

  The reason for not signing is simple — — 1992 was an election year in the United States.

  At that time, President George H.W. Bush was fiercely competing with Democrat Clinton for the presidency, and many senators in Bush’s Republican Party opposed signing the Convention on Biological Diversity. The Republican Party, which represents the interests of large enterprises, believes that the Convention will "infringe" US sovereignty, endanger domestic commercial interests and increase the financial burden.

  Clinton won the election in 1992 and signed the Convention on Biological Diversity shortly after taking office. But signing does not mean joining. If the United States really wants to join the Convention, it still needs the approval of more than two-thirds of the Senate. However, due to the obstruction of the Republican Party, the Convention has not been approved by Congress.

  △ VOX, an American news website, quoted an expert’s point of view in the article "Why didn’t the United States join the most important treaty to protect nature", pointing out that conservative nationalists in the United States (including the Senate) have long distrusted international agreements and regarded them as "efforts by the United Nations and foreign governments to restrict the independence of the United States Constitution, interfere in the activities of the American private sector and create redistributive plans".

  Now 30 years later, these people’s ideas have not changed at all. Shortly after Biden took office as president, the American right-wing think tank released a report calling on the Senate to continue to boycott international treaties such as the Convention on Biological Diversity during Biden’s tenure, on the grounds that they "threatened US sovereignty".

  However, environmental experts point out that there is no evidence to support this statement. What’s more, the Convention on Biological Diversity itself clearly stipulates that countries retain jurisdiction over their own environment.

  △ Stuart Patrick, director of the International Institutions and Global Governance Program of the American Council on Foreign Relations, clearly emphasized in his book "Sovereign War" that the Convention on Biological Diversity does not pose a threat to US sovereignty.

  Although environmental supporters have been urging the United States to join the Convention on Biological Diversity as soon as possible for many years, they also realize that in the increasingly polarized United States, the policy direction is completely subject to "veto politics", and conservative politicians simply do not have enough will to fulfill any international obligations.

  To this end, Sarah Sanders, a researcher at the Audubon Institution in the United States, and Maria Mick, an assistant professor at Michigan State University, jointly published a column warning that the global biodiversity policy is at a critical crossroads. "We (the United States) need a place, otherwise it will be too late."

△ Screenshot of The Hill Report, USA

  The United States itself has tasted the consequences of arbitrary behavior.

  The refusal of the United States to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity not only seriously undermined the global biodiversity protection plan, but also made the United States taste the consequences.

  Federal wildlife officials announced last month that 22 species of wild animals and 1 species of wild plants in the United States, such as ivory-billed woodpecker, will be declared extinct and will be removed from the endangered species list due to poor protection.

△ The New York Times report screenshot

  According to data provided by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), nearly 3 billion birds have been lost in North America since 1970. Take Hawaii as an example. There used to be more than 50 species of forest birds in Hawaii, but there are only 17 species left.

△ The New York Times pictures

  The British "Guardian" recently issued a document summarizing many threats to global biodiversity, and first pointed out "destructive land use". Among them, the outstanding performance is the United States.

  The article cites the research results of American experts and points out that from 2008 to 2016, 4 million hectares of land in the United States were destroyed. In particular, the destructive development of the prairie in the United States is "equivalent to deforestation of tropical forests." This grassland, once the largest in the world, has now been used for agriculture. However, the recently developed agricultural land has been downgraded to sub-optimal level, and its agricultural output is 70% lower than the national average.

△ "Guardian" report screenshot

  In fact, apart from the Convention on Biological Diversity, there are many multilateral environmental treaties that the United States has signed but never ratified. What’s more, the United States, as the largest emitter in global history, formally withdrew from the Paris Agreement aimed at tackling global climate change in November last year. This is described by global public opinion as a "major retrogression."

  It is worth noting that both the Convention on Biological Diversity and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change were signed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio in 1992. In the eyes of professionals, protecting biodiversity and tackling climate change are global environmental protection issues of equal importance.

  As Elizabeth Murema, Executive Secretary of the Secretariat of the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity, said in a recent interview, climate change and biodiversity are interrelated. "When we talk about mountain fires, we are talking about forests, and forests are biodiversity. If biodiversity is not considered, the solution of climate change alone will not help to slow down climate change. "

△ Elizabeth Murema

  With the upcoming 26th Conference of the Parties (COP26) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, what the United States has done is becoming the biggest uncertainty in the field of global environmental governance.

  In this regard, Zhao Lijian, a spokesman for China’s Foreign Ministry, said a few days ago that the United States should change its utilitarian practices in participating in international affairs as soon as possible, shoulder its due international responsibilities and obligations, earnestly proceed from the well-being of people around the world and win the trust of the international community with practical actions.

△ Zhao Lijian

  But what the world wants to know is, when will the United States, which has refused to ratify the Convention on Biological Diversity for decades, retreat when it wants to enter the Paris Agreement … …

  Planning Wang Jian

  Reporter Wang Hongling

  Editor Zhang Han

  Qian Shen Wang Jian Liu Yiyao

C video Tang Tan AR glasses are so hot, why are they hard to see on the street?

Xinhua News Agency, Tokyo, July 25th (Reporter Gong Bing, Wan Pung Chow, Zhao Yan) The Tokyo Olympic Games, which was postponed for one year, finally opened, and the athletes who had been preparing for the war for five years finally had a chance to display their fists and feet. Whether it’s the joy of Sun Yiwen’s sword to seal his throat or the frustration of two-time Olympic champion Wu Jingyu who missed the medal, it’s all part of life.

Sticking to Tokyo is a blessing for athletes and even more so for sports.

The same is true for rowers, who are dormant for five years and released once. 522 athletes are competing in the Haizhisen Water Arena, which is located between two reclamation areas in Tokyo Bay. This figure ranks among the top in the number of individual athletes in the Olympic Games. Rowing, kayaking and sailing share the reputation of water-based sports (a total of 40 gold medals).

Rowing is not well-known in China, and people may still leave the impression that Tang Bin, Jin Ziwei, Xi Aihua and Zhang Yangyang won the first gold medal in rowing in China in the women’s quadruple sculls final at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games. But rowing enjoys a high reputation in the international sports world, as well as in the Olympic Games.

Want to know the story behind the rowing boat? Let the reporter tell you the correct way to open the rowing boat.

Knowledge point 1: It has a long history.

Rowing originated in England. In 1775, Britain formulated the first competition rules and established a rowing club. In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition on the Thames, which is regarded as the origin of modern rowing, and this competition continues to this day.

Rowing was originally included in the first Olympic Games in 1896. Although it could not be held because of the weather, rowing has entered the history of modern Olympic Games. At the 1900 Paris Olympic Games, the men’s rowing competition was held. In 1976, the Montreal Olympic Games set up a women’s rowing event.

On July 20th, the men’s quadruple sculls of China rowing team were in training. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zheng Huansong photo

In 1892, the International Rowing Federation was established in Italy and became the first member of the International Olympic Committee. Coubertin, the second president of the International Olympic Committee and the father of the modern Olympic movement, was a rower.

Rowing is one of the earliest modern sports in China. In 1859, there was rowing in the modern sports competition held in Waitanyuan, the intersection of Huangpu River and Suzhou River.

Knowledge point 2: Evergreen

There is no fierce physical confrontation in rowing competition, rather than a contest between opponents, it is a process of surpassing oneself. Rowers often have a long sports career, and athletes who have participated in more than three Olympic Games can be found everywhere. They became famous when they were young, and they still galloped in the field when they were not confused.

Redgrave, a famous British rower, won gold medals in five consecutive Olympic Games. Olaf Tift, a 45-year-old Norwegian rower, appeared in the Tokyo Olympic Games, which was his seventh Olympic Games.

Knowledge point 3: the pearl in the crown

There are 14 events in the Olympic rowing competition, including single, double, four and eight events, including single paddle and double paddle, which not only tests individuals, but also competes with teams.

Among them, the best rowers often appear in the single sculls event, which is the only event that relies entirely on the athletes’ strong personal ability. Players who win Olympic gold medals usually enjoy heroic honors.

But to say who is the jewel in the crown, it must be an eight-person boat.

Eight-person boat is the only rowing event in the Olympic Games that retains the helmsman. Because rowers compete with their backs to the finish line, the helmsman becomes the only one facing the finish line, so the eight-person boat is actually a cooperative project of nine athletes. The helmsman is the soul of the team, controlling the direction, grasping the rhythm, judging the situation and inspiring teammates. The eighth position closest to the helmsman is often the core member of the eight-person boat, which controls the paddle frequency rhythm of the whole boat. The rowers in the middle are called power rowers, and they need to paddle powerfully to make the rowing boat move forward quickly. At the No.1 and No.2 positions near the bow, the rowers should keep the balance of the boat while rowing. Eight-person boat is the perfect combination of athletes’ individual ability and team spirit.

The eight-person boat has the fastest speed, the neatest cooperation and the strongest strength display in rowing. If you overlook the game from the air by aerial photography, the appreciation of the final of the eight-person boat can only be described in one word: awesome! The final of the eight-person boat has always been the finale of the Olympic Games.

On July 24th, the players of China team competed in the women’s eight-person single-paddle helmsman preliminary round. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zheng Huansong photo

Rowing competition is often fierce, and the medals in an Olympic Games are usually scattered. If you can win two or three gold medals, you will be regarded as a rowing power.

Knowledge point 4: aristocratic movement? Civilian movement?

In 1829, Oxford University and Cambridge University held the first inter-school rowing competition on the Thames, which was regarded by many as the origin of modern rowing. Since then, modern rowing has been inseparable from prestigious schools, which are closely related to the aristocratic class. Rowing is highly respected by the upper and middle class in Britain. This kind of team event requires tacit cooperation and etiquette of the players, as well as the support of family members. Rowing provides a social place for the upper class.

Different from the previous aristocratic and elite, rowing has become a national sport in Britain after entering the modern society. There are hundreds of rowing clubs in Britain, most of which are located in communities. Many British middle schools regard rowing as one of the important extracurricular activities for students.

In China, rowing is no longer as hard to reach as it used to be. There is a rowing club in Shunyi Olympic Water Park, and the holding of events such as land rowing, enterprise masters and prestigious schools has also stimulated people’s interest in rowing. On the one hand, rowing keeps its "aristocratic attribute" of respecting etiquette, on the other hand, it is accelerating the popularization and marketization, and the development space is increasingly broad.

Knowledge point 5: Olympic love

China rowing has won 1 gold, 4 silver and 4 bronze in previous Olympic Games, involving 23 athletes. Among them, the first medal was won in 1988, and the first gold medal was won in 2008. After 13 years, is China rowing expected to see gold again?

On July 20th, the women’s quadruple sculls of China rowing team were in training. Xinhua News Agency reporter Du Yiyi photo

Judging from the current situation, the women’s quadruple sculls team of China, the world champion in 2019, advanced directly to the finals of Group A in the Olympic preliminaries, and the lead over the second place in the group was as high as 4.30 seconds, so there is great hope for winning gold.

Editor: Wang Qinou, Yu Sihui, Zhao Jiantong and Zhang Yueyuan (internship)

Produced by Xinhua News Agency Tokyo Olympic Games Reporting Group

Beijing issues new policy for senior high school entrance examination.

  The number of scoring subjects in the middle school entrance examination was reduced to six, the scores of history, geography, chemistry and biology were presented in grades, the written examination of morality and rule of law was adjusted from closed book to open book, and the experimental operation of physics subjects was included in the senior high school entrance examination score … …

  On September 26th, the Beijing Municipal Education Commission held a press conference to release and interpret the "Implementation Opinions on Further Promoting the Examination Enrollment Reform in Senior High Schools" (hereinafter referred to as "Opinions").

  The scoring subject has been "greatly subtracted"

  Li Wei, director of the Beijing Municipal Education Commission, introduced that this reform aims to continue to implement the requirements of the Ministry of Education on the junior high school level examination, which is "open for all subjects and use for all examinations". According to the characteristics of different disciplines, the junior high school level examination subjects are divided into three categories: examination, examination and assessment.

  According to the requirements of the Opinions, the reform of the senior high school entrance examination will be implemented from the current eighth-grade students.

  After the reform, the subjects of the senior high school entrance examination include morality and rule of law, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages, physics, physical education and health. The scores of Chinese, mathematics and foreign languages are all 100 points, including 60 points for written foreign languages and 40 points for listening and speaking tests. Morality and rule of law score 80 points, including 70 points for written test and 10 points for comprehensive quality evaluation. Physical score is 80, including 70 for written test and 10 for experimental operation. The score of sports and health is 70 points, including 30 points for on-site examination and 40 points for process assessment.

  The examination subjects include history, geography, chemistry and biology, and the grades are presented in grades, which are divided into A, B, C and D from high to low. The examination subjects are used for graduation and reference in further studies.

  The examination subjects include information technology, art, labor and comprehensive practical activities, and the results are presented as qualified or unqualified for graduation and reference in further studies.

  In terms of organization and implementation, the examination subjects will be unified by the whole city and graded by districts. The written examination of ethics and rule of law, Chinese, mathematics, foreign languages and physics is arranged in the second semester of grade nine. The physical education and health examination is implemented step by step in accordance with the Beijing Compulsory Education Physical Education and Health Assessment Scheme. The foreign language listening and speaking test adopts the computer test method, which is separated from the written test and has two test opportunities, which has not changed compared with the past.

  Returning to subject accomplishment and doing "small addition"

  It is worth noting that in the subjects of the reformed senior high school entrance examination, the written examination of morality and rule of law has been adjusted from closed book to open book, and the comprehensive quality evaluation has been included in the results of the senior high school entrance examination; Physics subjects include experimental operations in the results of the senior high school entrance examination.

  Li Wei introduced that morality and rule of law should pay attention to students’ good moral quality and behavior development. Open-book examination is not to let students look up answers from books, but to give new situations, new materials and real questions. If the answers are reasonable, they will be given points. The physics experiment operation is included in the results of the senior high school entrance examination, aiming at guiding the cultivation of children’s practical ability and innovative consciousness through scene and experiential physics learning.

  In this reform, history, geography, chemistry and biology were changed from examination subjects to examination subjects, and the results were presented in the form of grades. Li Wei introduced that the adjustment of examination subjects is comprehensively determined according to the subject characteristics, class schedule and course standard requirements of related subjects in junior high school. In junior high school, these four subjects are mainly to stimulate students’ interest in learning and cultivate subject thinking, thus laying the foundation for senior high school learning. The purpose of adjusting these four subjects into examination subjects is to get rid of the examination and return to the teaching itself, encourage teachers to better organize teaching activities from the characteristics of disciplines and students’ cognitive laws, guide students to maintain curiosity and thirst for knowledge, learn to find and solve problems in real situations, and have the ability to explore and innovative spirit.

  Take multiple measures to ensure the effectiveness of the policy

  Is it necessary to learn the subjects that are no longer included in the senior high school entrance examination results? Will it cause the separation of junior high school and senior high school subjects?

  He Shanshan, a chemistry teacher in Beijing No.171 Middle School with 25 years’ teaching experience, told reporters that the reform of the senior high school entrance examination has adjusted the chemistry subject into an examination subject, reduced the burden of students’ examination, further promoted teachers and students to return to chemistry learning itself, and inspired teachers to better organize teaching activities from the characteristics of the subject and the cognitive laws of students. In view of how to do a good job in chemistry teaching under the background of senior high school entrance examination reform, He Shanshan suggested that experiments should be taken as the starting point to guide students to find and solve problems in experimental inquiry activities, build and use models, understand the ins and outs of knowledge, understand the subject thinking methods and develop innovative thinking ability. We should take practical activities as the carrier, explore the establishment of interdisciplinary and project-based learning methods, and make good use of the 10 interdisciplinary practical activities suggested in the new curriculum standard to stimulate students’ independent practical exploration spirit and learning enthusiasm.

  According to reports, Beijing will further standardize curriculum teaching, requiring junior high schools to strictly implement compulsory education curriculum plans and curriculum standards, and must not arbitrarily increase or decrease class hours, change the difficulty, speed up the progress, and must not finish classes in advance to prepare for exams and strengthen supervision and evaluation; Further improve the quality of proposition, focusing on the ability of students to analyze and solve problems by using what they have learned; Further optimize the enrollment mechanism, combine the diversified development of high school, and deepen the organic combination of multiple evaluation methods and enrollment methods.

  "At present, we are simultaneously improving the multi-channel and new carrier enrollment and training methods, deepening the reform and collectivization of running schools in district system, promoting the integration of talent training, and providing students with diversified ways of further studies and diversified growth paths." Li Wei said.

    (Beijing, September 26 th, our reporter Dong Cheng)

Sichuan Cross-border E-commerce and Market Procurement Trade Monthly Report (No.6)

I. General situation

(1) Cross-border e-commerce. From January to November, the transaction volume of cross-border e-commerce in the province reached 38.54 billion yuan (according to the statistics of Chengdu, Luzhou, Deyang and Mianyang cross-border e-commerce comprehensive test areas), of which 7.47 billion yuan was imported and 31.07 billion yuan was exported. Chengdu Comprehensive Test Zone achieved a transaction volume of 37.93 billion yuan, up 104% year-on-year, of which 7.44 billion yuan was imported and 30.50 billion yuan was exported. The transaction volume of Luzhou, Deyang and Mianyang comprehensive test areas is 180 million yuan, 290 million yuan and 140 million yuan respectively.

(2) Market procurement trade. From January to November, the pilot market procurement trade completed 11,248 export orders, with an export value of 4.51 billion yuan, 3.2 times that of 2019. In 2020, 480 new pilot entities were put on record, totaling 6,501, including 15 new pilot foreign trade enterprises, totaling 33. The main types of export commodities are daily necessities, mechanical products, plastic rubber products and home textiles, and the export destination countries are mainly Poland (2.68 billion, accounting for 59.3%), Belarus (960 million, accounting for 21.2%) and Hungary (640 million, accounting for 14.1%). The value of goods transported by rail was 4.46 billion yuan, accounting for 98.8%.

Second, the industry news

(1) The Ministry of Commerce awarded the license to the Import Trade Promotion Innovation Demonstration Zone. On December 8, the Ministry of Commerce held a promotion meeting on the cultivation of national import trade promotion and innovation demonstration zones in Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, and officially awarded licenses to 10 import trade promotion and innovation demonstration zones, including Tianfu New District in Sichuan. Assistant Minister Ren Hongbin pointed out that the import demonstration zone should give full play to the role of promoting imports, serving industries, promoting consumption and demonstrating. The Ministry of Commerce, the Food and Drug Administration and the Export-Import Bank made policy announcements on cross-border e-commerce retail imports, medical device import registration procedures and import credit business respectively.

(2) The Association advocates strengthening the protection of new employment groups for e-commerce. In order to further support and standardize the development of new business forms and strengthen the protection of new employment groups, on December 17th, Sichuan E-Commerce Association issued a Proposal on Protecting the Rights and Interests of Express Delivery Personnel to express delivery companies, calling for improving the employment system, setting the salary system and improving working conditions. Cross-border electronic commerce Association of Sichuan Province issued the Proposal on Protecting the Rights and Interests of New Employment Groups to cross-border e-commerce enterprises, calling for standardizing the identification of labor relations and optimizing the working environment. In view of the long live broadcast, high work intensity and high industry mobility, Sichuan E-commerce New Format Alliance issued the Proposal on Protecting the Rights and Interests of Anchor, calling for supporting live broadcast, providing convenient scenes and encouraging public welfare to bring goods.

Third, the activity highlights  

(1) Holding a special promotion meeting on the pilot market procurement trade mode in Guangzhou. On November 30th, the Market Procurement and Trade Service Center successfully held a special promotion meeting in Guangzhou on "Sui-Rong Win-Win Innovation Jinniu" —— "Made in Sichuan" products’ foreign trade expansion and market procurement and trade mode pilot. More than 50 foreign trade, Chinese herbal medicines, supply chain and logistics enterprises from Guangdong participated in the event. Jinniu district preached the advantages of jinniu district’s business environment, the planning of Chengdu International Trade City’s functional area construction and market opportunities to the participating enterprises, and held a discussion with outstanding foreign trade enterprises in Guangdong. Jinniu district makes full use of the advantages of market procurement policy to promote China’s famous, excellent and special products to overseas markets.

(2) The special matchmaking meeting of "Sichuan Export Commodities Exchange" was held in Chengdu. On November 27th, the special matchmaking meeting of "Sichuan Export Commodities Fair" directed by the Department of Commerce and the Department of Economy and Information Technology was held in Chengdu New Century Convention and Exhibition Center as a sub-activity of "Sichuan First Consumer Goods Exhibition". "Sichuan Export Commodity Exchange" strives to build a multi-functional and digital international exhibition and trade center with the products of "Sichuan-made, Sichuan-made and Sichuan-created" as the core, which integrates image display, cultural communication, brand experience, commodity trading, terminal consumption, data management, index release, supply chain management, brand incubation, exhibition economy, tourism shopping and talent cultivation. It is planned to have a famous wine Expo and a famous tea Expo and trade center.

(3) Investigate the cross-border e-commerce industrial belt of Leshan small agricultural machinery. On December 1st, Chengdu Cross-border E-commerce Association, together with Chengdu Customs, Leshan Municipal Bureau of Commerce, Pakistan Sichuan Chamber of Commerce, Afrindex China-Africa Business Road, Chengdu Leshi Power Purchasing Company, Sichuan Micang Supply Chain Management Company and Chengdu Gu Dao Science and Technology Company, visited 9 enterprises in Jingyan County Small Agricultural Machinery Industry Belt, including Xudong Machinery, Wanma Machinery and Chuanggong Machinery, to exchange views on the export prospects of small agricultural machinery in Pakistan, Africa and Southeast Asia. From January to September, the total import and export volume of Leshan small agricultural machinery industrial belt was 98 million yuan, accounting for 2.7% of the city’s total import and export volume. The main products were threshers, single-phase motors, hay cutters, sun dryers, etc. The main export markets were Thailand, Russia, India and Nepal.  

Fourth, corporate style

Sichuan haimaotong network technology co., ltd. Established in April 2015, with a registered capital of 118 million yuan, it is a wholly-owned subsidiary of Mianyang Xinxing Investment Holding Co., Ltd., a subsidiary of Mianyang High-tech Zone Management Committee. The company gives full play to the advantages of China Science and Technology City and e-commerce industrial cluster, builds and expands overseas market network around strengthening the core sector of international trade, and cooperates with enterprises in North America, Europe, Central Asia and Southeast Asia in cross-border procurement, sales, logistics, credit guarantee and international settlement, covering cross-border trade and business. The company has built a 3,000-square-meter Mianyang cross-border e-commerce supervision center and Mianyang foreign trade comprehensive service platform, which can provide comprehensive services such as cross-border e-commerce incubation, foreign exchange settlement and tax refund, trade consultation and basic customs clearance based on "one platform and one warehouse".

V. Special News of "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival"

With the theme of "Wan Shang Yun Chuan invites you to buy", the launching ceremony of "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival" was held in Chengdu on December 1. Liu Xin, director of the Department of Commerce, delivered a speech, and more than 300 people attended the provincial departments such as the Provincial Party Committee Network Information Office, the Department of Economy and Information Technology, and the Agriculture and Rural Department, as well as the competent commercial departments, e-commerce platforms and enterprises in 21 cities (states), marking the "three ones". The activity aims to accelerate the expansion and upgrading of new consumption such as live broadcast, short video and social interaction, and actively promote the two-way acceleration of online and offline integrated consumption, guided by the new mode of "live e-commerce+". The "Sichuan" version of the e-commerce festival has the following characteristics.

First, the new e-commerce format (live broadcast) alliance in Sichuan Province was formally established. On the day of the event, the "Sichuan E-commerce New Format (Live Broadcasting) Alliance was formally established, and the" Sichuan E-commerce New Format (Live Broadcasting) Alliance Action Convention "was issued, and the" Sichuan E-commerce Enterprise Ranking "and" Sichuan E-commerce Brand Ranking "were published, and the construction of" Sichuan Network Marketing Talent Pool "was started. Second, the daily traffic of the online live broadcast theme is non-stop. Mainstream platforms such as Aauto Quicker, Taobao, Ronge Shopping, JD.COM, Suning.cn, and 1919 launched the promotion of Sichuan goods columns, and nearly 1,000 organizations such as Sichuan Post, Sichuan Mobile, and Yunshang New Vision simultaneously organized a series of preferential promotions. Eight major theme activities, including "Poverty Alleviation, National Tide, Shoes and Clothing, Sichuan Wine and Tea, Digital, Sichuan Food, Business Travel to Japan, and Agricultural Special Day", were held from November 10 to 10. Third, the activities of regional sub-venues are wonderful and good. Adopt the mode of "1+2+3+7", that is, "1 (Chengdu main venue) +2 (Suining and Neijiang) +7 (regional central cities such as Mianyang, Deyang, Leshan, Luzhou and Dazhou) +3 (live broadcast line of business travel in Lizhou District of Guangyuan, Zhaojue County of Liangshan and Yuexi County for poverty alleviation)", and carry out anchor delivery.

By 12: 00 on December 18th, the online retail sales during the "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival" reached 84.5 billion yuan, including 57.3 billion yuan in physical retail sales and 27.1 billion yuan in service retail sales. There were 3,090 local anchors, and the "2020 Sichuan Goods E-commerce Festival" applet accumulated 1 billion shop visits and 1,530 page views.

How the "celebrities" fell, Ding Ling had written in this novel.

Original Xiaobei Peking University Publishing House
Recently, an article entitled "I lurked in Shanghai’s" celebrities "group and was a celebrity observer for half a month" triggered a hot discussion on the Internet.

According to the author of the article, he spent 500 yuan to enter a "Shanghai Celebrity" WeChat group, and found that behind the luxurious and top celebrity group, its essence is just a group of advanced Pinduoduo group of young women who are wrapped up in consumption:

From afternoon tea for two in luxury hotels to luxury hotel rooms, to famous cars and bags, and even second-hand stockings worth 600 yuan, they are all in the scope of "spelling orders", and the purpose is only to borrow these items to take decent photos and set up their own "celebrities" on social media.

For a time, "celebrity group" became a hot word on the Internet, and many netizens also ridiculed to "spell" into "celebrity".

-Does anyone spell down jackets? I only use it in winter, and you wear it the rest of the time.

-Is anyone working hard? I’ll go on payday, and you can go at other times.

-Is there anyone spelling a lesson? I’ll suffer a little. As long as it’s ten minutes between classes, the rest of the time is yours.

Although the authenticity of the news about the celebrity group has yet to be verified, this kind of phenomenon has been happening all the time, that is, using the Internet and the rich industrial chain to earn profits.
When young women fantasize about packaging luxury cars, villas and second-hand stockings into "celebrities" and making friends with "financial giants" to achieve class leap … When we are eager to part with Shanghai "celebrities" and get involved in the carnival of criticism …

Let’s take a look at Ding Ling’s Dream Ke first. While some "celebrities"/female stars are accustomed to and accept that their images are consumed as objects of desire in the process of modernization, Ding Ling reveals the specific historical and social problems of women’s liberation dilemma and asks how women can find new possibilities for liberation.

Pleasing people with the body is the oldest profession.

"Pleasing people with a beautiful body is the oldest profession in the world, and it is also a very common women’s profession."

-Zhang Ailing

Ding Ling’s short story Meng Ke, published in 1927, tells the story of how Meng Ke, a pure female student who is not lacking in naivety, gradually got used to the gaze of omnipresent desire from her aversion and even resistance to men’s gaze in the city, and finally joined the film industry and became a female star herself.

In the autumn of 1934, Shanghai Liangyou Book Printing Co., Ltd. published a photo collection of China film actresses for eight female stars, including Hu Die, Ruan Lingyu, Wang Renmei, Chen Yanyan, Yuan Meiyun, Ye Qiuxin, Jerry Lai and Xu Lai.

Ye Qiuxin Album of Photographs of China Film Actresses.

The back cover is a photo of eight female stars.

In order to cause a sensation in the entertainment industry at that time, Liangyou Company hosted a banquet for eight female stars on September 8, and the photos of the eight stars were immediately published in newspapers and magazines such as Shenbao, Human World and Film Illustrated, which spread all over the country. In the 1930s, the saying of "eight female stars" in Shanghai became popular.

The cover of Chen Yanyan in "Photographs of China Film Actresses"

Each episode of "Photographs of Female Movie Stars in China" contains more than 20 photos of a female star, most of which are half-length photos, mostly posing, and a few photos of life. Dress in cheongsam, casual clothes, occasionally sportswear, and slightly sexy photos of wearing miniskirts, but more clothes are fashionable ladies’ clothes.

One episode of Hu Die received a bodybuilding sports photo with a tennis racket, but his posture was awkward. Obviously, he rarely played tennis. Ruan Lingyu is dressed in cheongsam, and there is also a photo with a tennis racket in her arms. It can be seen that tennis racket is a sports fashion prop designed for female stars to take pictures.

Ruan Lingyu, one of the eight female stars.

Photo by Chen Jiazhen

Generally speaking, "Photographs of Female Movie Stars in China" does not have the exposed and sexy style that the photos of Hollywood female stars in the same period often have, and the lady temperament with aesthetic sentiment is the actress image that the photographer tries to create.

Xu Lai, one of the eight female stars.

Film lovers among ordinary citizens and fans in idolize can enjoy the sweet images of female stars with the help of this photo collection, and project their subconscious daydreams in the world of simulacra through the photographer’s shooting lens.

An inescapable gaze of desire.

"Women in advertisements are not only objects to be stared at, but also objects to be bought and sold."

——Wykes

Ding Ling’s Dream Ke reflects the status of women as objects of desire in the city, and reveals the ubiquitous male eyes that make women hide.

Ding Ling (1904-1986)

The novel begins with the humiliation of a female student model, and behind it is the gaze logic of urban men’s eyes:

By the curtain, on the low couch covered with crimson Red Velvet, a model who hasn’t put on her outer clothes is silently wiping her tears; When I saw the eyes of this group of intruders trying to find out some facts, I fell down on the couch and my muscles trembled under a big shirt as thin as cicada.

It was Meng Ke, a female student, who bravely rescued this female model from the public eye.

After experiencing the modernity and glitz of the city, Meng Ke gradually changed from a "female student" to a "Modern Girl". Her eyes were gradually captured by the logic of "staring", and she increasingly recognized the urban entertainment and consumption space frequented by her cousins, and she became a "female star" with no choice, and participated in and shared the urban entertainment and consumption space in another way.

The novel ends like this:

In the future, I will keep forbearing and continue to go to this purely sensual society. I am used to that strange scene, and I can slowly be fearless and calm, which will make her forbearing stronger and greater, and make her endure very rude insults.

At present, there should be quite a few writers, dramatists, directors, critics who claim to be Shanghai, and poor underlings who shout for them in some kind of newspapers and magazines.

Everyone uses the words of "beautiful country" and "close the moon and feel ashamed of flowers" to hold this Lin Lang, who has always been forbearing, as an unprecedented female star on the screen, in the hope of getting satisfaction from her, or just getting a little superficial pleasure from this desire.

This kind of gaze full of desire has some unique characteristics in modern times, which is manifested in its close combination with modern city and modern technology, that is, it is generated as a "technical view" in modern urban culture.

Due to the progress of technology, this "technical view" is not the same as the time when Ximen Qing leered at Pan Jinlian’s "Golden Lotus" and Jia Baoyu paid attention to Xue Baochai’s wrist. Modern men can get the possibility and freedom to view women justifiably from various video media without facing women directly.

When modern urban women, especially some female movie stars, are attracted by the audience and readers in movies, magazines, advertisements, shop windows and such as "female star photo albums" through "technical" image media, the projection of instinctive desire is not directly directed against women’s bodies because they are separated from the scene being examined face to face.

Therefore, it is difficult for urban women to be conscious and alert to this observed object status, and they may even gradually get used to and succumb to this technical viewing situation, and even get great psychological satisfaction in the imagination that has attracted much attention.

The shooting scene of life photos of female stars in the Republic of China

From the initial resistance of Meng Ke in Ding Ling’s works to "surprise and doubt", to "forbearance" and being able to "endure very rude insults", and then to the appearance of "Photographs of China Film Actresses", it is a process in which some modern female stars in China have become accustomed to "viewing" from vigilance and strangeness, and finally take the initiative to cater to and even please.

The dilemma of women’s liberation

"Women are not born, but made."

-Beauvoir

Whether it is Meng Ke who fell into the abyss of desire under the gaze of men, the "eight female stars" trapped in the cage of consumer culture in Shanghai, or the "celebrities" in Shanghai who are addicted to the flashy illusion of "spelling" today, it is very easy to criticize and accuse them of depravity, money worship, fragility and uncertainty.

However, as Beauvoir said, "Women are not born, but acquired", it may be more worthwhile for us to reflect on the social institutional problems behind women’s liberation dilemma and pursue new possibilities for women’s liberation.

In Meng Ke, Ding Ling did not discuss "what happened after Nora left" on a rational level, but contextualized the abstract slogan of "liberation" under the specific historical background of urban consumption culture, social gaze logic and female class differentiation, and painted a desperate picture through "visual intertextuality":

On the one hand, the slogan of women’s liberation is more and more "empty" because it can’t respond to the divided social situation; On the other hand, the newly established modern system has exhausted the potential of "liberation", but instead "institutionalized" the insult to women in the commercial environment.

Faced with this situation, how to find a new possibility of "liberation" for women is a question that Ding Ling kept asking but could not answer in the post-May 4th era.

Ding Ling and her mother were in Changde, Hunan in 1923.

In fact, we still face the problems raised by Ding Ling during the May 4th Movement. The dilemma faced by Mengke is not a historical prospect. There are still many potential traps in women’s liberation today, such as the discipline of women’s bodies in a patriarchal society, the gaze of men, the trap of consumer culture and so on.

When we accuse Shanghai’s "celebrities" of being vain about money worship, we should also be alert to the bias of misogyny. When today’s women seem to have emerged from the surface of history and become half the sky, we should be more alert to the obstacles of some collective unconscious and social institutional problems left over from history to women’s liberation.

-End-

Editor: Ran Na Huang Hong

Viewpoint reference:

Literary Scenery in Shanghai in 1930s

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