The evolution of the crime of cracking down on online game plug-in crime

Some netizens in Zhihu asked the author: Does it constitute a crime of illegal business operation to use game AIDS like keyboard and mouse to practice online games? "A few months ago, a friend was detained for 30 days for illegal business operations and fined hundreds of thousands because he used game scripts to practice games. His game script is similar to the color recognition of the key wizard+simulation of the mouse and keyboard, developed by himself, without modifying the game client, so it should not belong to the plug-in. But one of the crimes of illegal business operation is illegal publications. His software is for personal use and has not been disseminated. I wonder if it’s really illegal? Suppose the software he uses is copyrighted? Is the situation different again? The key wizard has copyright. What’s more, JC seized all his dozens of computers without showing any documents, and searched his room. Is this in line with the rules? If this kind of case goes to court, what are the chances of conviction? I have consulted many cases, and it seems that there are only cases with plug-ins. "

The author’s answer to this: There is no official explanation for the definition of plug-in in China at present. My understanding is the cheating software of online games. For the conviction of plug-in, it mainly depends on what kind of legal relationship plug-in infringes. If it is convicted of illegal business operation, the court thinks that online games can only be operated with a license, and plug-ins operate without a license. If the crime of destroying the computer information system is determined, the court thinks that the operation of plug-ins destroys the communication between the server and the client of the online game company, resulting in the unstable operation of the server. If the crime of copyright infringement is determined, it is that the court thinks that the program of the game software is copied by the plug-in (many times this copy is actually just a call, but sometimes the court judge may not know the difference. )

In this case, if the plug-in is just a mouse and keyboard wizard, the crime of destroying computer information system and the crime of infringing copyright cannot be applied to crack down, and the only thing the court can decide is the crime of illegal business operation. But I think that criminal punishment involves people’s right to life freedom and needs to be treated very seriously. Although the plug-in industry has done great harm to the online game industry, cracking down on plug-in crimes should also comply with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. If the plug-in has little damage to online games, it should not be cracked down according to crimes, that is, it does not constitute a crime. The following is a paper I recently published in China Intellectual Property Magazine, which specifically discusses the advantages and disadvantages of various charges of plug-in crimes in China.

Since Shanda Network Company introduced Legend from South Korea in 2001 and became a hit, the online game industry has gradually developed into one of the most profitable industries in the domestic Internet, and has created many richest people in China, such as Chen Tianqiao and Ding Lei. However, with the development of online games, various black industrial chains around the industry have also risen rapidly, among which plug-ins that help players cheat in games are the most headache for game companies.

As far as I know during my work in an online game company, the essence of plug-in is game cheating software, which is named because it is attached to game software at runtime. Plug-ins have the following disadvantages: cheaters’ bad money drives out good money, defeats fair gamers in the game and undermines the fairness of the game; Plug-ins increase the burden on the server, forcing operators to increase the purchase of servers and bandwidth, thus raising costs and may lead to unstable server operation; Plug-ins enable players to quickly complete the tasks in the game, abnormally increase the consumption speed of game content, and make game companies have to invest a lot of human resources to increase the development of new game content. Although it can’t be ruled out that some plug-ins are developed for the shortcomings of game software, most plug-ins do destroy the user experience of the game, increase the development and operation costs of the game company and endanger the stable operation of the game.

In China, plug-in has become an industry. For any slightly popular game, R&D teams will be responsible for developing the corresponding plug-in programs, and there will be special teams to operate and sell plug-ins. There are also professional "gold-playing" companies that specialize in "gold-playing" in the game, which use a large number of plug-in programs to earn game coins, experience values, etc. and sell them to other players. It is no exaggeration to say that the whole plug-in industry is a cancer parasitic on the online game industry, and their existence has seriously damaged the development of the online game industry.

However, how to crack down on plug-ins has always been a headache for major game companies. Plug-in operators make full use of the anonymity of the Internet, the limited jurisdiction of governments in the Internet environment, and the characteristics that online payment circumvents traditional payment channels. The operating domain name and server of plug-in software are usually foreign, and the accounts used for collecting money are usually personal accounts. Even if game companies can’t contact plug-in developers, they can only see the instant messaging accounts of plug-in operators and sellers.

In this case, if the game company conducts a civil lawsuit against the plug-in operator, it will first encounter the problem of unknown subject. In many cases, the name of the defendant is unknown; Secondly, even if we know the name of the plug-in operator or even the company that runs the plug-in, we don’t know anything about their property. The plug-in operator knows that plug-in is illegal, so the bank account used for operation will generally transfer the funds in the account to other personal accounts or relatives and friends accounts in a short period of time, so even if the civil lawsuit wins, it is difficult for the game company to execute its property. Third, civil prosecution can only attack the sales and operation links of plug-in industry, but not the development links. In the final analysis, the plug-in industry is a part of the underground economy, and it is not strong enough to crack down on it with civil litigation.

Since civil litigation is not feasible, many online game companies can only seek criminal means. However, the online game industry itself is a new industry, and the plug-in behavior that destroys it is unprecedented. Whether the plug-in behavior constitutes a crime or not, and what charges should be dealt with if it constitutes a crime, in practice, major game companies and legal practitioners have been groping for many years, and have gone through three stages: the crime of illegal business operation, the crime of copyright infringement and the crime of destroying computer information systems.

The first stage is the crime of illegal business operation.

The criminal object of the crime of illegal business operation is the market order, especially the market management system in which the state restricts the sale and purchase of goods and business licenses. The corresponding legal provision is Article 225 of the Criminal Law. As the operation of online games belongs to value-added telecommunications services according to the provisions of the Telecommunications Regulations, it is necessary to apply for the business license of value-added telecommunications services at the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. The Interim Provisions on the Administration of Internet Publishing promulgated in 2001 and the Interim Provisions on the Administration of Internet Culture promulgated by the Ministry of Culture in 2003 also stipulate that the publication and operation of online games require the prior administrative license of the General Administration of Press and Publication or local press and publication bureaus and the Ministry of Culture. Therefore, online games are an area that needs a government license to operate, and some game companies try to report the behavior of developing and operating plug-ins as illegal operations.

The specific basis is Article 11 of the Supreme People’s Court’s Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Specific Application of Laws in the Trial of Criminal Cases of Illegal Publications, which was promulgated in 1998: "In violation of state regulations, publishing, printing, copying and distributing other illegal publications that seriously endanger social order and disrupt market order other than those stipulated in Articles 1 to 10 of this Interpretation, if the circumstances are serious, they shall be convicted and punished for the crime of illegal business operation in accordance with Article 225, paragraph 3, of the Criminal Law."

The first domestic plug-in case: Tan, former vice president of Rising, illegally operated the plug-in case. Since June 2004, the defendant talked about a certain person and others developing 007 plug-in software for Legend 3. And set up a website to promote and provide download services, and also wholesale and retail plug-in software cards, with a business volume of more than two million yuan.

After trial, the court of first instance held that the defendant talked about a certain person who, for the purpose of making profits, carried out operating Internet information services without approval, violated the regulations of the state on publishing management, used Internet websites to carry out illegal Internet publishing activities, published and distributed illegal Internet publications, infringed on the legitimate rights and interests of copyright owners, publishing institutions and game consumers, and disrupted the normal order of Internet game publishing and operation, and the circumstances were particularly serious, which constituted the crime of illegal business operation. After the original public prosecution agency filed a protest, the court of second instance held that the actions of the three defendants had constituted the crime of illegal business operation, and the circumstances of the crime were particularly serious. They were sentenced to a fixed-term imprisonment of 6 years (two years and six months in the first instance) and fined 500,000 yuan.

After the verdict was made, major online game companies in China began to report plug-in crimes on the grounds of suspected illegal business. However, from the legal point of view, the crime of illegal business operation infringes on the national market management system that restricts the sale and purchase of goods and business licenses. If operating plug-in software constitutes a crime, it needs to be certified for illegal publications. In early cases, the General Administration of Press and Publication identified many plug-in programs as illegal publications, and every plug-in program identified by it was treated as a criminal case of illegal business operation. However, traditional illegal publications generally contain pornographic or reactionary content, while plug-in programs only help players cheat in online games, and basically do not contain pornographic or reactionary content. Moreover, the crime of illegal business operation is considered as "pocket crime" in practice. Therefore, there are also objections in theory and academic circles to cracking down on business plug-in with this crime. At the same time, after identifying a number of plug-ins as illegal publications, the General Administration of Press and Publication began to reduce the identification of illegal publications, so in recent years, there are few practices.

Second, the stage of copyright infringement crime.

After cracking down on plug-ins through the crime of illegal business operation for a period of time, judicial organs in some areas began to try to crack down on plug-ins by using the crime of copyright infringement stipulated in Article 217 of the Criminal Law. The subjective aspect of the crime of copyright infringement requires copying and distributing works that others enjoy copyright without permission for profit.

The reason for attacking plug-ins with the crime of copyright infringement is that the development and operators of plug-ins copy some programs in online game software for profit. Because the profit of plug-in is millions, it is not difficult to reach the bottom line of the crime amount punishment.

Case: Defendant Zhang et al. made and sold the plug-in software for Adventure Island game operated by Shanda Network, and the profit was huge, which was later captured. The court submitted the software to Shanghai Oriental Computer Judicial Appraisal Institute for identification, and confirmed that the plug-in invaded the online game client program of Adventure Island by means of memory hook, gained control over the memory address and data modification of the program, and called and copied the data naming and data copying of 124 client software function data of Adventure Island.

The court held that the copyright of online game software of Adventure Island should be protected by Chinese laws. Defendant Zhang and others jointly copied and distributed the online game software client program of Adventure Island for profit without the permission of the copyright owner, and the amount of illegal business was huge, and the circumstances were particularly serious, which constituted a crime of copyright infringement according to the provisions of Article 217 of the Criminal Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC). In the end, Zhang was sentenced to five years in prison, and the other defendants were also sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment.

However, the author has personal objection to punishing plug-ins for this crime: if the plug-in operator is to be deemed as a crime, it is obvious that there must be unauthorized copying of computer software. The plug-in production operators do not need to copy online game software in their operations. Even if it is to be copied, not all the game client software is copied by plug-ins, but only a few applications involving data modification; And in many cases, some programs in the software are copied between the memory and hard disk of the same computer. This behavior is essentially not copying, but calling. The online game client software called by the plug-in program is generally a legal version downloaded by the player from the official website of the game. Obviously, this is different from the original intention of the criminal law to crack down on copying-to crack down on the spread of unauthorized software. Therefore, the behavior of operating plug-ins does not meet the constitutive requirements of copying computer software without permission in the objective aspect of crime. Although the case was later included in the top ten typical cases of intellectual property protection in Shanghai in 2010, in practice, there are not many cases in which the crime of copyright infringement is used to crack down on plug-in crimes, and the cases retrieved by the author are basically applied by the courts in Shanghai.

Crime of destroying computer information system.

Although the previous charges against plug-ins are a bit problematic, with the strengthening of legislation, the online game industry finally found a suitable charge against plug-ins in 2011. Article 286 of China’s Criminal Law stipulates that anyone who, in violation of state regulations, deletes, modifies, adds or interferes with the functions of the computer information system, thus causing the computer information system to fail to operate normally, and the consequences are serious, shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not more than five years or criminal detention; If the consequences are especially serious, they shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years. Whoever, in violation of state regulations, deletes, modifies or adds data and applications stored, processed or transmitted in computer information systems, if the consequences are serious, shall be punished in accordance with the provisions of the preceding paragraph. However, because there are no applicable standards with serious consequences and particularly serious consequences, this provision is rarely used to crack down on plug-in crimes.

In September, 2011, the Supreme People’s Court and the Supreme People’s Procuratorate jointly promulgated and implemented the Interpretation on Several Issues Concerning the Application of Laws in Handling Criminal Cases Endangering the Security of Computer Information Systems, which has a clear quantitative index for the criminal consequences of destroying computer information systems, and greatly reduced the difficulty of cracking down on plug-in crimes.

Case: Su Mou and others modified the data of the online game server of Tianlong Babu through their own computer knowledge and software, implemented plug-in behavior, illegally swiped virtual currency and virtual items, and sold them online for profit. Their behavior caused a large number of abnormal accounts in the online game of Tianlong Babu to continue swiping gold coins in the game, which caused a serious impact on the virtual economic system in the game, causing the game network to be seriously blocked, and the players could not log in normally, so the operating company could only stop and maintain the server.

According to the trial of the People’s Court of Linghe District, Jinzhou City, the defendants Su Mou, Lin Mou, Zhou Mou, Li Mou, Pang Mou and others used plug-in software to modify the data of the online game server of Tianlong Babu, which caused the computer information system of Beijing Changyou Times Digital Technology Co., Ltd. to fail to operate normally, with serious consequences, clear criminal facts and reliable and sufficient evidence. In the first instance, the defendants Su Mou, Lin Mou, Zhou Mou, Li Mou and Pang Mou were sentenced to one year and one month in prison for the crime of destroying the computer information system, and the other defendants were sentenced to six months in prison, suspended for one year, and all the illegal gains and tools of the defendants were confiscated.

This case is different from the traditional case of developing and selling plug-in software. The traditional case of plug-in attacks the behavior of developing or selling plug-in, while this case attacks the gold-playing company that uses plug-in to "play gold" in the game and sell it to other players. There has been a great controversy in the industry about whether the use of plug-ins by gold-playing companies constitutes a crime. A typical case is that the Nanjing court ruled that the person in charge of a gold-playing company committed a crime with the crime of illegal business operation. However, there is obviously no national license restriction on the use of plug-ins to play gold in the game. Therefore, the case is very controversial. However, it is obviously more appropriate to use the crime of destroying computer information system to deal with the large-scale use of plug-ins to make money, because the large-scale use of plug-ins by plug-ins to make money may also lead to the criminal consequences that computer information systems cannot operate normally.

Finally, criminal punishment involves people’s right to life freedom and needs to be treated very seriously. Although the plug-in industry has done great harm to the online game industry, cracking down on plug-in crimes should also comply with the relevant provisions of the Criminal Law. From the point of view of the evolution of the charges against plug-in as a high-tech crime, although there are disputes at every stage in the whole process, it is indeed developing in a reasonable and perfect direction. Therefore, it can be seen that although there is a certain lag in the development of law, it will not lag behind for too long.

Author: You Yunting, partner of Shanghai Dabang Law Firm, intellectual property lawyer, tel: 8621-52134900, email: yytbest@gmail.com, this article only represents the author’s views. For more exciting intellectual property laws, please visit: www.legalservice.cn (Chinese) and www.chinaiplawyer.com (English).

　　Fengyun-4 Satellite Photo courtesy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation No.8 Institute

　　During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, China plans to launch seven Fengyun meteorological satellites. By 2035, China’s meteorological comprehensive strength will reach the world advanced level, and meteorology will be deeply integrated into people’s livelihood security and industry development, and a meteorological power will be basically built. ]

　　Start wechat, a lonely villain stares at the earth. The first complete photo of the Earth released by NASA to the world is called "Blue Marbles". It was shot by Apollo 17 astronauts, and the perspective was over the African continent.

　　Whenever Chen Xiaojie, deputy director of the General Office of Meteorology and Environment of the Eighth Academy of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation and chief designer of Fengyun-4 satellite, opens WeChat, his thoughts will always fly to September 25, 2017 involuntarily.

　　That day was the day when China’s new generation of geostationary orbit meteorological satellite Fengyun-4 A star was officially delivered and put into use, and the WeChat startup screen changed its face accordingly — — The image is still the blue earth, but the location of the exhibition has become the Eastern Hemisphere, and it was Fengyun No.4 A star that shot it.

　　"The photo perspective is the earth observed from above China, and that feeling is very different." Chen Xiaojie has been deeply impressed by this.

　　At the beginning of 1969, a rare freezing rain and snow disaster swept half of China. At that time, only the Soviet Union and the United States had meteorological satellites in the world. Although China can accept foreign satellite cloud picture, it is only a simple "black-and-white image", and it is impossible to mine the original data and retrieve various meteorological elements, so its application is greatly limited.

　　On January 29, 1969, Premier Zhou Enlai put forward: "We should quickly change our backwardness and build our own meteorological satellite." In February 1970, Premier Zhou personally issued documents from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China, the State Council and the Central Military Commission, and assigned the task of developing meteorological satellites. As a result, China’s meteorological satellite industry officially started.

　　Up to now, China has successfully launched 17 Fengyun series meteorological satellites, and 7 of them are currently in orbit. These satellites, which are the most "aware of people’s warmth and coldness", observe the changes of the earth in space, prompting us to add clothes and umbrellas.

　　According to the China Meteorological Bureau, China plans to launch Fengyun-4 B and Fengyun-3 E satellites in 2021, and seven Fengyun meteorological satellites are planned to be launched during the 14th Five-Year Plan period. "By 2035, China will establish a meteorological business system with accurate monitoring, accurate forecasting and fine service. The comprehensive meteorological strength will reach the world advanced level, and the meteorology will be deeply integrated into people’s livelihood security and industry development, and a meteorological power will be basically built." Zhuang Guotai, director of the bureau, revealed.

　　The fate was ill-fated, and the first star "died" after 39 days of launch.

　　On September 4th, 1988, Astrin Zhong, the chief designer of Fengyun-1 satellite, stood on the tower with a height of tens of meters, and his heart turned upside down.

　　That was the day when China’s first Fengyun satellite was originally planned to be launched. However, after the commander issued the "5-hour preparation" instruction, the control center suddenly lost all the telemetry signals of the satellite and the launch was terminated.

　　Ren Xinmin, chief designer of Fengyun-1 satellite project, ordered on-site inspection. Meng Zhizhong and Xu Fuxiang, then the chief designer of the attitude control system, climbed the tower with the test team and nervously performed "surgery" on the satellite. At this time, there are no guardrails around, and there are rockets filled with propellant under the satellite. Every movement should be careful.

　　What makes Meng Zhizhong feel stressed is that the scheduled launch time is approaching, and the stations around the country are already ready, constantly calling for news; From Beijing to Shanghai and then to the launch center, soldiers were deployed on the communication lines along the way, and everyone was waiting for the news of the launch at their posts. The troubleshooting work on the tower is progressing slowly, and Meng Zhizhong is both anxious and guilty.

　　It was not until the evening that the cause of the fault was finally found out. It was the CMOS circuit of the telemeter that had a "bolt lock" under certain circumstances. The test team took down the telemeter and repaired it overnight, and put it back on the satellite the next morning.

　　Three days later, Fengyun-1 A, which took nearly 10 years to develop, was successfully launched, making China the third country in the world with polar-orbiting meteorological satellites. However, after just over a month, the accident happened again.

　　On this day, the staff of the National Satellite Meteorological Center found that the received satellite cloud image gradually deviated, and finally only the arc of the earth could be seen. The satellite is out of control.

　　Zou Jingmeng, then director of China Meteorological Bureau, asked eagerly: Is there any other way? Meng Zhizhong was speechless.

　　Because there was no backup equipment installed, Fengyun-1 A star "died" in space in full view, only 39 days before its launch.

　　A rare satellite ground rescue in the history of world space flight

　　On September 3, 1990, Fengyun-1 B star was successfully launched. It can provide weather forecast for the 11th Asian Games in time, but after only ten days, it is abnormal.

　　Scientific and technical personnel completed the repair in time, but found a thorny problem: the satellite did not carry out anti-radiation reinforcement in component selection and software design. This loophole exposed the computer circuit chip to the bombardment of high-energy particles in space, which easily led to the problem of single event overturning, which would lead to computer malfunction and attitude control system failure at any time.

　　The loopholes cannot be filled, and the only way is to strengthen the monitoring of satellites and correct problems in time.

　　Astrin Zhonghe and Xu Fuxiang led the scientific and technical personnel to be divided into two working groups, which were on duty in Xi ‘an Satellite TT&C Center in turn. They use the opportunity of the satellite crossing the border six times a day to monitor its on-orbit work.

　　On February 14, 1991, in the New Year’s Eve, the satellite cloud picture suddenly distorted and rolled. In the next 75 days, the staff took turns on duty without interruption and began a rare satellite ground rescue operation in the history of world space. Like emergency doctors, they have revived Fengyun-1 B star again and again. However, frequent "operations" have greatly damaged the satellite’s vitality and greatly reduced its life.

　　Eventually, Fengyun-1 B star worked intermittently until November 1992, and accumulated normal operation for 285 days in orbit, which failed to reach the design life index of one year.

　　Academician Sun Jiadong, a meritorious scientist with two bombs and one satellite, has been with Fengyun for more than 40 years as the chief designer of Fengyun-2 satellite project. He once said: "I have been a chief satellite engineer in my life, and Fengyun-2 is the most unforgettable."

　　In February 1994, China’s first geostationary orbit meteorological satellite — — Fengyun-2 01 came to xichang satellite launch center. After many tests, the satellite was successfully refueled and fitted with a solid apogee engine, only to be fully tested for the last time before the transition.

　　On the morning of April 2, the test began. At about 10: 50, the solid apogee engine burned and exploded, and black smoke came out with red flames. The observation window glass was shattered and the power supply of the factory building was interrupted.

　　This major accident claimed the life of an assembly worker and caused more than 30 test team members to be injured and hospitalized. Astronauts suffered a painful lesson because they did not understand the performance and danger of hydrazine fuel and ignored the requirements of anti-static and environmental temperature and humidity.

　　Fengyun-1 star C made a beautiful "turnaround"

　　Successive accidents have caused Fengyun satellite development to fall into a downturn. But the astronauts who fell again and again stood up stubbornly again and again. They compiled heavy lessons into a book and became a typical teaching material to guide the follow-up work.

　　Meng Zhizhong was 60 years old when he was appointed to preside over the development of Fengyun-1 C star. The previous setbacks made him unwilling. He analyzed that the reason why Fengyun-1 A-Star and B-Star failed to complete their tasks was not that the performance indicators did not meet the requirements, but that they died halfway due to low reliability. Developing a long-term, reliable and stable operational meteorological satellite has become the common goal of the team.

　　On May 10th, 1999, Fengyun-1 C star was successfully launched. This launch was later selected as one of the three major events in the last year of the 20th century in China, which was engraved on the China Millennium Monument. In August 2000, the World Meteorological Organization listed the satellite in the world operational meteorological satellite sequence.

　　Fengyun-1 star C made a beautiful "turnaround". It has been running stably in orbit for 7 years, and is known as "the first long-lived satellite in sun-synchronous orbit", which has opened a new page in China’s meteorological satellite industry.

　　Since then, Fengyun Satellite’s development has become smoother and smoother.

　　In 2002, Fengyun-1 D star was launched, becoming one of the longest-lived remote sensing satellites in China. Fengyun-2 C satellite launched in 2004 was the most widely used operational satellite in China at that time, and was highly appraised by the World Meteorological Organization, and was listed as one of the important operational satellites of the global meteorological satellite observation network. From 2006 to 2014, China launched four Fengyun-2 series satellites, which provoked the burden of meteorological support for major national events.

　　In 2008, on the eve of the opening of the Beijing Olympic Games, Fengyun-3, China’s second-generation sun-synchronous orbit meteorological satellite, was launched. Since then, Fengyun-3′ s B, C and D stars have been launched one after another, realizing the upgrading of Fengyun-1. They operate in a network with complementary functions, and realize the detection from two-dimensional imaging to three-dimensional detection, and from single optics to full-spectrum wide-spectrum detection, which greatly shortens the update time of global numerical weather forecast, prolongs the forecasting time and further improves the forecasting accuracy.

　　In the international "dark war", one star does the work of two stars.

　　On January 15, 2021, the price of Taihu short-legged vegetables in Shanghai vegetable market doubled compared with 10 days ago. The local media found that this has something to do with the recent cold wave. According to the forecast of the Meteorological Observatory, there was another cold wave on January 16, and the local vegetable supply unit deployed ahead of schedule to fully carry out the emergency supply work.

　　Weather changes affect people’s clothing, travel and even all aspects of life. Tang Shihao, director of the Remote Sensing Application Office of the National Satellite Meteorological Center and chief designer of Fengyun Meteorological Satellite Application System, said that it is only one of Fengyun Satellite’s "basic skills" to provide support for accurately forecasting the cold wave and monitoring its development and influence.

　　In particular, a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites — — The successful launch of Fengyun-4 A satellite has made China’s meteorological satellite technology change from following and running in parallel to running in parallel and leading, which has further improved China’s meteorological comprehensive ability.

　　Recalling the development and launch of Fengyun-4 A star, Chen Xiaojie felt like a fierce competition.

　　In 2016, as if agreed in advance, the development of a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellites in China, the United States, Europe and Japan all reached a critical juncture, and everyone was secretly struggling.

　　In addition to the fact that European satellites have not yet been launched for various reasons, in early November 2016, Japan took the lead in launching the "Himawari 9" satellite. This satellite adopts many American technologies and products and will replace the "Sunflower 8" previously launched by the country.

　　On November 19th, a new generation of geostationary meteorological satellite GOES-R was launched. According to industry evaluation, compared with previous meteorological satellites, the leap brought by this satellite is like changing from black-and-white TV to high-definition color TV.

　　On December 11th, China’s Fengyun-4 A star was launched.

　　Chen Xiaojie said that Fengyun-4 A star not only leads the world in its comprehensive observation ability to the earth, but also is the first geostationary meteorological satellite in the world to realize the comprehensive observation of "multi-spectral two-dimensional imaging+hyperspectral three-dimensional detection+ultra-narrow-band lightning imaging" by a single satellite.

　　In the past, the interference between vertical detection instruments and imaging observation instruments has always been an international problem. The previous practice in Europe was to put the two on two satellites respectively.

　　Compared with international competitors, the performance of Fengyun-4 A star is not inferior. Some people describe this star as doing the work of two stars at the same time.

　　According to Dong Yaohai, chief designer of Fengyun-4 satellite system, the satellite has realized the simultaneous operation of multiple loads with moving optical components through the self-developed SAST-5000 satellite platform, and all loads coexist harmoniously.

　　The multi-channel scanning imaging radiometer carried by the satellite was the most advanced radiation imager for geostationary satellites in China at that time, which could scan the eastern hemisphere every 15 minutes with the highest spatial resolution of 500 meters. "The accuracy of 500 meters is equivalent to placing a few candles a few kilometers away for a geostationary orbit close to 36,000 kilometers high, and it can be seen clearly." Dong Yaohai said that this accuracy is equivalent to the GOES-R satellite launched by the United States at the same time.

　　At the same time, the interferometric atmospheric vertical detector carried by Fengyun-4 A star can detect the atmosphere vertically; China’s first satellite-borne lightning imager can be used to stare at China and its surrounding areas with wide-angle lenses, and it can take 500 photos every second to record the frequency and intensity of lightning.

　　Fifteen years later, meteorological comprehensive strength leads the world.

　　Starting this year, Fengyun family will be "added".

　　According to the China Meteorological Bureau, the second satellite of Fengyun-4 — — Fengyun-4 B star, the development work has been basically completed. According to the plan, it will be launched this year.

　　The load of Fengyun-4 B star has been optimized. For example, multi-channel scanning imaging radiometer, some channels have been locally optimized; The spatial resolution of the atmospheric vertical detector has also been improved.

　　At the same time, a fast imager has been added to this satellite, which can flexibly observe different areas according to instructions by adjusting the lens, and the resolution is the highest among the global geostationary meteorological satellites at present.

　　Tang Shihao is looking forward to this. He said that at present, Fengyun-4 A star images China and its surrounding areas once every five minutes, with the highest resolution of 500 meters. Some weather phenomena with smaller scale and shorter duration may be missed. The fast imager carried by Fengyun-4 B star can image millions of square kilometers once a minute, with the highest resolution of about 250 meters, which has stronger monitoring ability for small and medium-sized weather systems.

　　E-Star Fengyun-3, which China plans to launch this year, will be the world’s first meteorological satellite in the morning and evening orbit. At present, the global polar-orbiting meteorological satellites are all in the morning or afternoon orbit, which means that their observation period is in the morning or afternoon. The E-Star Fengyun-3 will be observed at dawn and dusk, which can make up for the current observation gap and improve the accuracy and timeliness of global numerical weather forecast.

　　Tang Shihao introduced that after the E-Star Fengyun-3 and Fengyun-3 series satellites currently in orbit are networked, the daily observation time distribution will be more uniform, and the meteorological data of morning and evening time will be obtained. In addition, in the past, Fengyun satellite could only be observed by infrared and microwave instruments at night, while Fengyun-3 E-star was equipped with low-light-level observation equipment, which had the ability to observe visible light at night.

　　The reporter learned from the China Meteorological Bureau that the Fengyun satellite planned to be launched in China during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period will further enrich its orbital types. For example, in the geostationary orbit, there will be Fengyun satellites with different orbital positions, which will be observed by optical and microwave means. In low orbit, in addition to the morning and afternoon orbit and the morning and dusk orbit, China will also launch precipitation satellites to the low inclination orbit, mainly to monitor the precipitation in low latitudes.

　　Tang Shihao said that the development of Fengyun satellite in the future mainly includes improving the monitoring ability of atmospheric wind field, cloud and rain atmosphere and its vertical structure, improving monitoring accuracy and monitoring timeliness, and enhancing the cooperative mobile observation ability of satellites.

　　Produced by Shentong Studio

　　Written by: Reporter Fu Yifei

　　Planning: Chen Lei

Original serious demographic gossip group serious demographic gossip

Author | Wang Han Ph.D. student in sociology, University of Saskatchewan, Canada

Editor | Zhao Menghan Associate Professor, Population and Development Research Center, Renmin University of China

After the outbreak of COVID-19, all aspects of our lives have been greatly impacted, and education is also an area that has been deeply influenced and changed. Due to the demand of prevention and control, face-to-face teaching was forced to stop. In order to solve the teaching problems of all kinds of students, especially those in the basic education stage, an upsurge of online teaching has been set off around the world since 2020.

Our country has also responded quickly in developing online teaching. As early as January 29, 2020, the Ministry of Education issued a notice: advocating the use of online platforms to achieve "suspension of classes without stopping teaching and learning", so as to gradually restore the order of education and teaching. Subsequently, major universities, primary and secondary schools responded to the call and began to implement online teaching. Although offline teaching was also carried out during the slow epidemic, it was not until this year that offline campus teaching was basically completely restored. It should be said that the implementation of online teaching not only protects the health of teachers and students, but also minimizes the impact of the epidemic on teaching activities.

Of course, the emergence and application of anything new has a complicated impact. There are many difficulties and challenges, but it also brings innovation and hope. With the small series, we will sort out and summarize the influence and enlightenment brought to us by the online courses in the next three years in stages.

Chapter 1

Past lives of online class

As a new teaching method, Internet teaching has two main ways: live teaching and recorded teaching. Live teaching is the real-time classroom teaching and interaction with the help of the network platform, such as the popular Zoom abroad, the Tencent conference commonly used in domestic universities, and all kinds of nails that are collectively scored low by primary school students. Live teaching is equivalent to "moving" the classroom to the network platform. Recording and broadcasting teaching means uploading course videos and related materials made in advance on the network platform for learners to view and learn by themselves. The pioneer of recording and broadcasting teaching is the famous Coursera, and there are similar platforms in China, such as Netease Open Class and China University MOOC.

In fact, before the epidemic, Internet teaching had a broad audience in China, mainly concentrated in college students and adult self-learners. Online courses are widely used in all kinds of postgraduate entrance examinations, overseas examinations and civil service examinations, which makes large-scale training and teaching possible. When Xiao Bian was preparing to go abroad for the exam n years ago, he participated in the GRE full-course and braille class of an institution. At that time, YY voice platform was adopted for online teaching.

Compared with adult learners, students in the basic education stage had less opportunities to contact online teaching before the "online class tide". For basic education, classroom education is not only a form of imparting knowledge, but also an important place for students to make friends and complete socialization. Therefore, compared with the online teaching of graduate students like Xiaobian, students and teachers in primary and secondary schools have encountered many problems in the process of accepting online teaching.

Chapter 2

Difficulties and challenges in online courses

The first challenge that online classes bring to teachers and students in primary and secondary schools is the technical problem. First of all, in terms of network and equipment, some students can’t get a stable network connection due to economic constraints, or they don’t have computers at home. Many students use mobile devices to attend online classes, which may damage their eyesight because of the small screen. In terms of acceptance, primary school students’ acceptance is greater than that of high school students, which may be related to the complexity of the teaching content.

Teachers also have similar network and equipment problems, but what teachers reflect more is their unfamiliarity with teaching software and lack of live broadcast experience. How to organize teaching and interaction in virtual environment is a big challenge for teachers, especially for older teachers, who need to spend more time getting familiar with and applying new technologies. The research points out that most primary and secondary school teachers have negative emotions such as "nervousness and anxiety" when they just turn to online teaching. After using it for a period of time, with the improvement of teachers’ mastery of new technologies, their self-confidence in online teaching has also improved significantly. Technology-related problems are obvious in the initial stage of online course application. With the increase of familiarity, most of the problems have been solved.

Compared with technical problems, the quality of online teaching is the focus of attention. In a nationwide survey of online classes in primary and secondary schools, most parents said that they didn’t recognize the effect of their children’s learning. The main reason was that parents thought that their children’s autonomous learning ability was poor, and they could not effectively supervise and restrain their children because the teachers were not present. Common problems such as absent-mindedness, inattention in listening, and inattention in completing homework. On social media, Xiao Bian also saw a post. A teacher opened the teaching software to check the homework, only to find that the homework photos uploaded by the students were net maps, and all the students uploaded the same photo. What’s even more outrageous is that in order to avoid the teacher’s discovery, some students added different filters to the photos, and when they saw the students’ "Sao operation", the teacher also said that he was speechless.

The classroom in colleges and universities needs more interaction and discussion between teachers and students, while in online courses, teachers and students lack opportunities for face-to-face communication. The form of online teaching is like a "enough paper" for communication and interaction. Although it is only a thin layer, it is difficult to attract students to break it in class. Without asking to turn on the camera, many students are confused, lying down and listening to classes while walking, and the learning effect is naturally not good.

In addition, due to the differences of students’ family environment and family relationship, online teaching will amplify the influence of family background on students. Children from wealthy families will have a better learning environment and a better learning effect than children from low-income families. Therefore, how to improve the teaching quality of online teaching for students in compulsory education stage is a subject worth studying in the future.

Chapter 3

Surprises and opportunities brought by online courses

The popularity of online teaching has promoted the development of internet teaching technology, innovated teaching methods and promoted the development of various online teaching platforms and software. As a nail, the school-based function is convenient for teachers to check and correct homework and improve teaching efficiency. In the process of developing online courses, teachers have innovated teaching methods and accumulated teaching experience supported by new technologies.

Although some students are even more reluctant to participate in interaction in online classes, due to the absence of the Internet, some students who are usually silent in the classroom can participate in classroom interaction more actively after switching to the Internet platform, which is also a pleasant surprise in online teaching.

In the process of online teaching, parents’ participation in their children’s education has increased significantly. Due to the absence of teachers, parents assume the role of supervision and management of their children, which gives many parents who are usually busy with their work and less involved in their children’s studies an opportunity to get to know their children better. In the process of supervising and tutoring children’s homework, the interaction between parents and children has also increased significantly, which is helpful to improve family relations (of course, when the academic performance is not good, it will also have the opposite effect).

The popularity of online courses has also greatly enriched Internet educational resources. In the past, some teaching resources that were difficult to retrieve on the Internet can now be easily found on various platforms, which will help reduce the cost of education and give everyone a more equal opportunity to obtain educational resources. Some things that you used to have to take remedial classes can now be found on the Internet. At the same time, the online teaching resources have realized "paperless" teaching and learning, which is conducive to saving resources and protecting the environment.

More importantly, the popularity of online courses is a new opportunity for friends who are interested in lifelong learning and improve themselves through self-study. For example, on Coursera, you can hear courses from top universities in the world, such as Harvard University and University of California, Berkeley, and most of them are provided free of charge. If your English is not very good, there are many Chinese Coursera courses for you to choose from in Netease open class. The bridge of the internet allows many people who have no chance to study abroad to dream of famous schools. The popularity of online courses is a great boon for lifelong learners.

To sum up, although online education has encountered some difficulties and challenges in the initial stage of application, it is very valuable in the long run. Online teaching not only promotes the innovation of teaching technology, but also greatly enriches educational resources; It greatly reduces the cost of receiving education, is conducive to the popularization and sinking of knowledge, and improves the overall quality of the people. Therefore, in the future, as educators, we should pay more attention to the value of online education and focus on solving the problems found in the teaching process, so that online education can benefit a wider group.

References:

Pokhrel, S., & Chhetri, R. (2021). A literature review on impact of COVID-19 pandemic on teaching and learning. Higher education for the future, 8(1), 133-141.

Zhang Huirong, Zhu Yuqiong, Nianchuang, & Xiong Zhangxiao. (2020). Online teaching in primary and secondary schools under major epidemic: opportunities, challenges and countermeasures. Curriculum. Teaching methods, 40(5), 58-63.

Tang Xueping,&Li Chen. (2021). Analysis of public awareness of online teaching in primary and secondary schools during the COVID-19 epidemic. Distance education in China.

Zhang Binglin, Fu Rui,&Li Dingding. (2020). Rational Thinking on Webcast Teaching in Post-epidemic Period. Curriculum. Textbook. Teaching Method, 40(6), 73-80.

Original title: "Do you miss the online class for three years? 》

Read the original text

On November 19th, the General Command of Epidemic Prevention and Control in COVID-19, Dalian released that from 00: 00 to 24: 00 on November 18th, seven new confirmed cases of local COVID-19 were found in Dalian, all of which were found through active investigation by close contacts and key people.

The main activity tracks of confirmed cases are announced as follows:

Confirmed case 281: an employee of a company in Ganjingzi District, living in Vanke City Community, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District. November 7th — On the 15th, the nucleic acid test was negative for four times; On November 18th, the nucleic acid test was positive in the active investigation of the key population, and then it was transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, it was confirmed as an ordinary case.

On November 12th, I went to Dashang Supermarket (Jinzhou Democratic Plaza Store) at noon and to Qingxiang Lamian Noodles (Jinwan Road Store) in the afternoon.

On November 13th, I went to Jiajiafu Supermarket (Wuyi Road Store) in the morning and to Pangjie Steamed Bun Shop (Stalin Road Store) in the afternoon.

On November 14th, I went to Pangjie Steamed Bun Shop (Stalin Road Branch) in the morning.

From November 12th to 14th, I delivered meals to the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhou District every day.

On November 15th, in the morning, I went to Pangjie Baozipu (Stalin Road Store), Xiangquan Street Mother’s Home, an advanced street in Jinpu New District, and Jiajiafu Supermarket (Wuyi Road Store).

On November 16th, in the morning, I went to Jinzhou First People’s Hospital, Parent-child Le Maternal and Infant Life House (Vanke City), Jiajiafu Supermarket (Wuyi Road Store) and Neptune Star Health Pharmacy (Bohai Street Store).

On November 17th, in the morning, I went to Pangjie Baozipu (Jinfang Store), Jiangji Smoked Sauce Dumpling House (Advanced Street) and Fujiale Fruit Supermarket (Vanke Store).

Confirmed case 282: unemployed, living in Wankecheng Community, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District, and the wife of confirmed case 281. November 7th — On the 15 th, the nucleic acid test was negative three times; On November 18th, the close contacts tested positive for nucleic acid during the active investigation, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, they were diagnosed as ordinary cases.

November 12-November 15, at the First People’s Hospital of Jinzhou District.

From November 16th to November 17th, I stayed at home.

Confirmed case 283: the son of confirmed case 282, who lives in Vanke City Community, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District. On November 18th, the close contacts tested positive for nucleic acid in the active investigation, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center, and the case was confirmed by the provincial expert group consultation (light).

From November 12 to November 17, the trajectory was the same as that of confirmed case 282.

Confirmed case 284: unemployed, living at No.10 Xiangquan Street, Xiangquan Community, Advanced Street, Jinpu New District, and the mother of confirmed case 281. From November 7 to 17, the nucleic acid test was negative for four times; On November 18th, the close contacts tested positive for nucleic acid in the active investigation, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center, and the case was confirmed by the provincial expert group consultation (light).

From November 12th to November 13th, I stayed at home.

From November 14th to November 17th, I sampled nucleic acid in the community and went to my son’s house in Wankecheng Community, an advanced street in Jinpu New District.

Confirmed case 285: domestic worker, living at No.358 Nanmian Community, Zhanqian Street, Jinpu New District. From November 5 to 17, nucleic acid tests were negative for three times; On November 18th, the close contacts of 281 confirmed cases tested positive for nucleic acid, and then they were transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolated treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, they were diagnosed as ordinary cases.

From November 12th to November 16th, the trajectory was the same as that of the confirmed case 282 (accompanying).

On November 17th, in the afternoon, I sampled the nucleic acid in Nanmian Community and bought it in Wan Jiale (Nanmian Road Store).

Confirmed case 286: employee of a company in Ganjingzi District, living in P1 District of Quanshui Street in Ganjingzi District. From November 8 to 17, the nucleic acid test was negative for 8 times; On November 14th, as a close contact, he was transferred to a centralized isolation place. On November 18th, the routine nucleic acid test result was positive, and then he was transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolation treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, he was diagnosed as an ordinary case.

From November 12th to 13th, I stayed at home.

Confirmed case 287: a child, living in the family building of the Finance Bureau of Chengguan Street, zhuanghe city. From November 4 to 14, nucleic acid tests were negative for 8 times; On November 14th, as a close contact, he was transferred to a centralized isolation place. On November 18th, the routine nucleic acid test results were positive, and then he was transferred to COVID-19 for centralized treatment and isolation treatment in Dalian Center. After consultation by the provincial expert group, the case was confirmed (light).

From November 12th to November 14th, I stayed at home.

　　CCTV News:In the current global war "epidemic", it is almost a problem that all parents have to face when their children go to class online. As soon as this online class starts, it’s not just children who are busy. Maybe parents are more tired than children. Many parents shouted: It is too difficult to be a parent! Compared with the past, parents’ financial, time and psychological burdens have greatly increased.

　　Online course consumables buy buy buys learning costs.　

　　In online classes, equipment is just needed. The first is a computer or a tablet computer or a mobile phone, and the hardware for video connection is definitely indispensable. Then there is the printer and copy paper, and you have to finish the homework assigned by the teacher after class. According to online shopping data in JD.COM, the turnover of students’ tablet computers increased by 95% and that of home printers by 16 times in the week just after February 2 to 11. Baidu search data shows that in the past 90 days, the search popularity of children’s mobile phones, children’s computers and student computers increased by 95% year-on-year and 106% quarter-on-quarter. At the beginning of the online class, the sales of printers, tablets and laptops increased greatly, whether it was an e-commerce platform or an offline store, or even "one machine was hard to find".　

　　If you can’t buy a printer or don’t want to buy a printer at the moment, you have to spend money on printing, and this cost is not a small sum.

　　Accompanying reading and punching equipment, the whole family is busy with online classes.

　　The task of children attending online classes at home and supervising learning falls on parents. At the beginning of the epidemic, parents had to do logistics support such as equipment debugging and environmental layout for their children’s online classes while working in the cloud.

　　It’s okay for parents not to go to work. When more and more enterprises return to work, some families with dual employees are facing the problem of unattended children. In some families, the elderly can help look after the children, but they can’t afford to accompany them all day. Grandma Shi, an old couple in Shanghai, recently accompanied her first-grade granddaughter to have online classes at home every day, from 9: 00 in the morning until 4: 30 in the afternoon.

　　It is not only time that makes parents feel pressure, but also technical support at home. Online classes, computer equipment must be adjusted, right? You have to know how to fix a broken network, right? You have to be able to switch videos, right? Punching in on different online class platforms requires skillful use of various apps. Some netizens concluded that children need at least six support groups for online classes: technical support group, supervision and management group, service support group, camera group, contact and communication group and security support group, and none of them can be less.

　　Psychologically, it’s a little difficult for parents to accompany them in reading.　

　　And even if these are all in place, parents had better review the books that were thrown away before. Because I have to be an accompanying teacher, the tasks of supervising study and checking homework are much heavier than before. Chinese, mathematics, geography, history, and even art, music, sports, and handicrafts must keep up with the progress, otherwise they may be embarrassed in front of children. Moreover, many parents still have a hard day at work during the day. After work, there is still a lot of homework waiting to be done with their children. Some netizens shouted: This session of parents is too difficult!

　　Xiong Bingqi, vice president of 21st Century Education Research Institute, said that it may be because our children study at home, so many times, the school directly gives parents the task of helping their children do their homework, and it seems to be justified. But in fact, what we can see is that parents have different educational levels. In fact, parents have their own affairs, so in this process, parents are actually overwhelmed.

After Henan Xinye Textile Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as "*ST Xinfang" or "Xinye Textile") was put on file by the Securities and Futures Commission on March 21st, the regulatory authorities dealt with it strictly and promptly. In just over a month, the case quickly ushered in new progress.

*ST Xinfang announced on the evening of April 28th that the company received the Notice of Administrative Punishment in advance (hereinafter referred to as the Notice) on the same day, and the company was suspected of inflating, inflating operating income, inflating operating costs, inflating inventory and inflating R&D expenses, resulting in false records in the annual report from 2016 to 2022, and it was planned to be fined 42.5 million yuan. Wei Xuezhu, then chairman of the company, and Xu Qinzhi, then director, deputy general manager, then chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors, were proposed to be banned from the securities market.

On the same day, the company issued an announcement about the delisting risk warning of the company’s shares being superimposed. The above matters may touch the situation of major illegal forced delisting, and the company’s shares may be subject to major illegal forced delisting. The company’s shares will be superimposed to implement delisting risk warning from April 29, and the company’s shares do not need to be suspended.

Market participants believe that the regulatory authorities intend to punish *ST Xinfang severely and quickly, which means that the concept of strict supervision and strict management is being effectively implemented in regulatory enforcement actions, releasing a heavy signal of cracking down on financial fraud. With the continuous improvement of the level of supervision, strict supervision and management will make the offenders who tell lies, make false accounts and hide the truth "both human and financial" and make the counterfeiters "unable to escape".

Suspected of financial fraud for 7 consecutive years

According to the Notice, Xinye Textile is suspected of inflating and deflating its operating income, inflating its operating costs, inflating its inventory and inflating its research and development expenses, resulting in false records in its annual report from 2016 to 2022.

Among them, in 2016, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 327,573,820.56 yuan, reduced its operating cost by 176,566,869.05 yuan, inflated its research and development expenses by 145,689,276.86 yuan, and inflated its total profit by 358,451,412.75 yuan, accounting for the total profit disclosed to the public in the current period.

In 2017, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 415,186,873.41 yuan, reduced its operating costs by 113,588,173.09 yuan, inflated its R&D expenses by 161,430,520.00 yuan, and inflated its total profit by 367,344,526.50 yuan, accounting for 115.5% of the total profit disclosed to the public in the current period.

In 2018, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 791,260,794.64 yuan, inflated its operating costs by 324,203,622.72 yuan, inflated its R&D expenses by 182,711,331.72 yuan, and inflated its total profit by 284,345,840.20 yuan, accounting for 65.77% of the total publicly disclosed profits in the current period.

In 2019, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 1,214,828,839.70 yuan, inflated its operating costs by 447,174,451.37 yuan, inflated its research and development expenses by 184,918,136.28 yuan, and inflated its total profit by 582,736,252.05 yuan, accounting for the total profit disclosed to the public in the current period.

In 2020, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 1,033,879,498.96 yuan, inflated its operating costs by 486,224,705.51 yuan, inflated its research and development expenses by 156,715,336.95 yuan, and inflated its total profit by 390,939,456.50 yuan, accounting for the total profit disclosed to the public in the current period.

In 2021, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 666,637,035.70 yuan, inflated its operating costs by 92,364,075.25 yuan, inflated its R&D expenses by 163,025,099.78 yuan, and inflated its total profits by 411,247,860.67 yuan, accounting for 1,013% of the total publicly disclosed profits in the current period.

In 2022, Xinye Textile inflated its operating income by 1,258,233,157.95 yuan, inflated its operating costs by 1,919,295,821.13 yuan, inflated its R&D expenses by 101,186,735.00 yuan, and inflated its total profit by 762,249,398.18 yuan, accounting for the current period.

The CSRC believes that the above-mentioned behavior of Xinye Textile is suspected of violating the provisions of Article 63 of the Securities Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) revised in 2005 (hereinafter referred to as the Securities Law of 2005) and the second paragraph of Article 78 of the Securities Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) revised in 2019 (hereinafter referred to as the Securities Law), which constitutes the first paragraph of Article 193 of the Securities Law of 2005 and Article 100 of the Securities Law.

The proposed fine is 42.5 million yuan.

According to the facts, nature, circumstances and social harm of the illegal acts of the parties concerned, combined with the special circumstances that the illegal acts span the application of the old and new Securities Law, and according to the provisions of the second paragraph of Article 197 of the Securities Law, the CSRC intends to impose a fine of 42.5 million yuan on the company and related responsible persons.

Among them, it is planned to order Xinye Textile to make corrections, give a warning and impose a fine of 10 million yuan;

It is proposed to give a warning to Wei Xuezhu and impose a fine of 5 million yuan;

It is proposed to give Xu Qinzhi a warning and impose a fine of 4 million yuan;

And impose corresponding penalties on other parties.

Image source: company announcement

Strict supervision and management, and heavy punches are also reflected in the precise attack on the "key minority." According to the Advance Notice of Administrative Punishment and Market Prohibition, Wei Xuezhu was then the chairman of Xinye Textile, and organized and planned the illegal information disclosure involving a long time and huge amount, which seriously disrupted the order of the securities market. According to the relevant regulations, the CSRC intends to decide to ban Wei Xuezhu from the securities market for life.

As director, deputy general manager, then chief financial officer and secretary of the board of directors of Xinye Textile, Xu Qinzhi organized and implemented financial fraud according to Wei Xuezhu’s instructions, and the circumstances were serious. According to the relevant regulations, the CSRC intends to decide to ban Xu Qinzhi from the securities market for 10 years.

Financial fraud touches the bottom line of the capital market and must be resolutely cracked down. Recently, the CSRC has repeatedly stressed that it will continue to strengthen the supervision of listed companies, crack down on financial fraud, illegal occupation and other illegal acts, and effectively protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors.

The responsible comrades of the relevant departments of the CSRC said that in the next step, the CSRC will strengthen joint efforts with various regions and departments to build a comprehensive punishment and prevention system to combat financial fraud, focusing on cracking down on five types of behaviors. First, long-term systematic fraud and third-party cooperation fraud, for the planners and helpers of fraud, we must seriously pursue responsibility and resolutely break the "ecological circle" of fraud. The second is the fraudulent issuance of stocks and bonds. We must resolutely keep counterfeiters out of the capital market and resolutely remove those who have mixed in. The third is the financial "bathing" behavior of abusing accounting policies and accounting estimates and adjusting profits at will. The fourth is the act of counterfeiting through financing trade, "idling" and "taking orders". Fifth, a series of fraudulent acts accompanied in the process of encroaching on the interests of listed companies and hollowing out listed companies.

Facing multiple delisting risks

It is noteworthy that the company also faces multiple delisting risks.

On the evening of April 28th, the company issued an announcement about the delisting risk warning of the company’s shares being superimposed, and the company received the Notice on the same day. According to the "Notice", it is found that Xinye Textile has illegal facts such as inflated business income, inflated business cost, inflated inventory, inflated research and development expenses, inflated profits and so on. The aforementioned matters may touch on the situation of forced delisting due to major violations of laws, and the company’s shares may be forced to be delisted due to major violations of laws. At present, the company is verifying the illegal facts and financial data of the Notice, and the final result is subject to the formal decision. The company will continue to pay attention to and disclose relevant information in time after receiving the formal punishment decision.

There are other risks of termination of listing in the company’s stock. On the evening of April 28th, the company announced that the matters that caused the company’s 2022 financial report to be unable to express opinions by audit institutions included: correction of accounting errors in the previous period, major defects in internal control of financial reports, and major uncertainties related to going concern. The company’s 2023 annual financial report is intended to be issued by the audit institution with non-standard opinions, thus touching the delisting situation.

At the same time, according to the relevant regulations, listed companies that only issue A shares in Shenzhen Stock Exchange will be terminated if the daily closing price of their shares is lower than that of 1 yuan for 20 consecutive trading days. As of the disclosure date of this announcement, the closing price of the company’s shares has been lower than that of 1 yuan for 18 consecutive trading days. If the closing price of the company’s shares is lower than that of 1 yuan for 20 consecutive trading days, the company’s shares will be terminated from listing, and investors will be reminded to pay attention to investment risks.

Up to now, the company has not disclosed the 2023 annual report. According to the suggestive announcement issued by the company on April 26 on delaying the disclosure of the 2023 annual report, the 2023 annual report of the company postponed the disclosure date to April 30. According to the company’s announcement on April 28th, the company’s 2023 annual financial report is intended to be audited by an audit institution with non-standard opinions, thus touching the delisting situation. From this calculation, the company may first touch the financial delisting index.

"The above-mentioned cases have released the heavy signal that the CSRC insists on cracking down on financial fraud. Through this case, we find that securities supervision and law enforcement is by no means a "three cups of fines", let alone a "break the money to avoid disaster" and get rid of it once. It will help to rebuild a good market ecology by attacking counterfeiters who try their own laws and hitting "don’t dare to do it again", which will make them learn a lesson and remember for a long time, especially for vicious illegal acts such as financial fraud. Lv Chenglong, an associate professor at Shenzhen University Law School, thinks.

Lv Chenglong also said that at present, with the start of a new round of delisting reform, the number of "delisting contacts" for financial fraud has increased. Among them, the revision of the delisting rules proposes to strictly apply the scope of major illegal delisting, lower the threshold for two years of financial fraud to trigger major illegal delisting, and add one year of serious fraud and years of continuous fraud delisting. "In the future, these measures will help build a safe, standardized, transparent, open, dynamic and resilient capital market." Lv Chenglong said.

　　[car home Industry] On the road of intelligent automobiles, the autonomous driving system led by Tesla is undoubtedly the focus of global attention. Musk once said that the artificial intelligence created by Tesla is the most advanced in the world.

　　But in the China market, car companies and head autopilot companies have expressed their dissatisfaction. In response to Tesla, they put on a posture that they came from behind and the localization advantage was easy to defend and difficult to attack.

　　"In the city of NOH, the product strength of Millimeter is ahead of Tesla’s performance in China." A few days ago, Gu Weihao, CEO of Haomo Zhixing, announced at a press conference.

　　He Xiaopeng also said at the 2022 China Electric Vehicle committee of 100 Forum that "the city-level NGP effect pushed out this year will be better than the Tesla FSD effect to a considerable extent." In fact, He Xiaopeng shouted Tesla two years ago. "You have to be mentally prepared to be beaten by us."

　　Weimar recently released its L2 advanced driver assistance system, Living Pilot. Freeman Shen, chairman of Weimar Automobile, thinks that this system knows Chinese better than Tesla, which has already achieved fully automatic driving.

　　Earlier, Tamia Liu, co-CEO of Zhiji Automobile, also said in an interview with car home, "We admit that Tesla is leading the world in the field of autonomous driving, but Tesla is arrogant, and we are confident to create a better intelligent driving experience than Tesla."

　　Xiao Yong, deputy general manager of Guangzhou Automobile Aian New Energy Automobile Co., Ltd. declared that Guangzhou Automobile’s new energy products have surpassed Tesla in intelligent driving. He mentioned on many occasions, "Tesla is not a myth that cannot be broken. We can use it as a benchmark to surpass it."

　　In the field of autonomous driving, Tesla has long been a radical representative. As early as April 2019, Tesla introduced FSD(Full Self-Driving) on the basis of Autopilot’s assisted driving function. Musk recently stressed that "the most urgent project in the short term is fully automatic driving, so that the automatic driving operation can solidly surpass the safety level of human driving. It can be done this year. "

　　Why is Tesla, which started earlier, has stronger R&D strength and higher self-driving level, frequently hanged in China? Is Tesla FSD really "hanged"?

■Tesla VS other car companies: a factional debate that is difficult to win or lose.

　　　One of the arguments between Tesla and a number of China car companies on autonomous driving is the debate between pure visual perception and multi-sensor fusion perception.

　　Tesla is the main supporter of visual perception scheme. Tesla believes that the data collected by the camera is most similar to the real world perceived by the human eye and closer to the human driving pattern. When the visual perception is strong enough, other sensors are meaningless.

　　However, domestic car companies basically take the multi-sensor fusion sensing route. They believe that the camera is easily affected by light, weather and other factors, and the detection accuracy may be compromised, while lidar can be used as redundancy and is essential in high-order automatic driving.

　　A few days ago, Li Xiang, the founder of LI, expressed his views on the design scheme of lidar on social platforms, and then Xia Yiping, CEO of Jidu Automobile, and He Xiaopeng, Chairman of Xpeng Motors also joined in. The three newly-built car bosses talked from a distance, which made the laser radar become the focus of attention in the industry before taking the stage.

　　Up to now, smart car brands including Tucki, Weilai, Ideality and Zhiji have released mass-produced models equipped with lidar. The head of the Great Wall’s new energy salon mecha even shouted out, "How many lidar do you have? Below 4, please don’t talk. "

　　When many car companies discussed carrying several laser radars, Tesla even eliminated all radar technologies, which means that Tesla’s models will only rely on a visual system consisting of eight cameras to activate autonomous driving. This is incredible to other car companies.

　　The reason why Tesla loves the vision scheme is that besides a powerful pure vision ranging method to replace millimeter-wave radar, the cost problem is a key consideration for Tesla to build a car. It is reported that the average cost of a single camera currently used by Tesla is around 150 yuan, and the minimum cost of a laser radar sought after by new domestic forces is about 200 dollars.

　　Despite this, an autonomous driving practitioner told car home, "In theory, it may be possible to collect data only by camera, but there are many unknowns that cannot be avoided. If you want to be 100% confident that the judgment of the system is correct, it is best to integrate other sensors to assist, such as lidar."

　　Previously, Su Qing, the former head of Huawei’s autonomous driving business, publicly stated that "the data quality and dimension of Tesla’s pure visual perception scheme may not be enough, and the room for improvement of matching systems and algorithms will be limited."

　　In order to make autonomous driving safer, most domestic new brands are based on the way of vision+multi-sensor+high-precision map. They are advanced in hardware configuration, and look more secure because the hardware redundancy is stronger than Tesla FSD.

　　Judging from the car configuration planned or launched in 2022, there are three car companies that are equipped with 1-2 lidar. (|) There are four millimeter-wave radars and two laser radars more than Tesla Model 3.

　　With the increase of sensors, a large amount of image data needs to be processed. Take Weilai as an example, NAD system is equipped with many camera sensors, which can generate up to 8GB of image data per second. Due to the high degree of openness in NVIDIA, the new cars of New Power are equipped with the latest chip Orin, and the computing power has been greatly improved on the original basis. The computing power of Tucki G9 has been increased from 30TOPS in Tucki P5 to 508TOPS；; Weilai ET7/ET5 has the highest computing power, reaching 1016TOPS；; The ideal X01 is relatively low, at 254TOPS.

(Source: 2022 China Smart Car Consumption Trend Insight Report)

　　The head of Baidu’s autonomous driving R&D department said that the road environment in Beijing is more than 15 times more complex than that in California, and Beijing is only a microcosm of the complex road environment in China. If it comes to Chongqing in 3D, it will be another kind of "complexity".

　　Faced with these complicated road conditions, China’s new car-making forces really need to spend a lot of time to overcome them, and need the cooperation of multiple sensors to achieve more redundancy. "When Tesla is faced with these objects or situations that it doesn’t know, and there is no radar sensor, what will it do?"

　　Of course, the advantages and disadvantages of autonomous driving are not only based on simple hardware, but also on continuous optimization and iteration of perception algorithm, planning algorithm and control algorithm by car companies.

　　Recently, Woven Planet, an autonomous driving subsidiary of Toyota Motor Corporation, also announced that it will explore a vision-based autonomous driving scheme. Michael Benisch, vice president of Woven Planet, believes that with the development of technology, camera-based autonomous driving technology may surpass some autonomous driving technologies using sensors such as lidar and millimeter-wave radar. He also stressed that "at present, we can’t judge how long it will take to achieve this."

■Tesla FSD: The United States is easy to use, but China may not.

　　Tesla FSD test version has been open for testing in small batches for a long time, and now the iteration speed is gradually accelerating. In the first quarter of 2022, Tesla FSD updated seven versions, and the current trial users are about 100,000. Tesla expects to push the FSD Beta version to all users in the United States on a large scale this year.

　　However, even if FSD works well in the United States, it may not work well in China. In stark contrast to Tesla’s hot sales, there are very few people interested in FSD, the core technology pushed by Tesla. According to statistics, the FSD option rate is declining year by year, with only 11% car owners in the world buying it, while in China, the purchase rate of Tesla FSD in China is only 1%-2%.

　　The low option rate of FSD is largely due to the fact that it is still in the concept of futures. What can users get if they spend 64,000 yuan?

　　1. High-speed navigation function NOA(Navigate on Autopilot): Based on the basic function of ACC+LCC, it automatically enters and leaves the expressway ramp or overpass fork, overtaking slow-moving vehicles; Automatically assist lane change on expressway. At present, there are Weilai NOP and Tucki NGP competing with Tesla NOA.

　　Second, fully automatic driving (FSD) that may be realized in the future. Since 2020, Musk has promised to achieve full automatic driving in public more than once, but it has not been realized.

　　Whether the existing NOA is easy to use or not affects the expectation of FSD. According to the analysis of car home iV-RATING smart car evaluation system, Tesla, the benchmark of self-driving in the traditional impression, lost to China brand, ranking only eighth.

(Source: 2022 China Smart Car Consumption Trend Insight Report)

　　Although Model Y scored the highest in the high-speed scene, when the speed was greatly increased, the automatic lane change function had low misjudgment rate, simple logic and accurate execution, but it was not seen in the top five in the city scene, parking scene and emergency scene.

(Source: 2022 China Smart Car Consumption Trend Insight Report)

　　In the domestic market, Xpeng Motors is recognized as a car company with fast autonomous driving layout, and it is developing NGP functions that can be applied to urban roads. This function can realize road identification, automatic overtaking and lane change, speed limit adjustment, automatic on-ramp entry and exit, vehicle taking-over reminder and so on.

　　He Xiaopeng introduced that the urban NGP function will be launched in the first batch of cities at the end of the second quarter of 2022 after being approved by the relevant authorities. He said that the test results of urban NGP carried by Tucki P5 showed that the number of takeovers per 100 kilometers was close to that of high-speed NGP.

　　Consistent with the planning rhythm of Tucki’s NGP function landing, there is also a little wisdom. In November 2021, the Great Wall Weipai Mocha NOH Smart Pilot Edition was officially launched at the Guangzhou Auto Show. This is the first mass-produced passenger car equipped with the NOH Pilot Assistant Driving System.

　　According to the plan, Haomo Zhizhi will deliver the city NOH in the first half of 2022, and it is planned to deliver the whole scene NOH in the second half of 2022. In the whole scene, the goal of Mimo Zhixing is faster than that of Xpeng Motors by half a year.

　　Taking the lead in launching pilot-assisted driving in urban scenes is also the confidence of domestic car companies to challenge Tesla. There is no clear timetable for the large-scale promotion of Tesla FSD in the United States, and it seems even more distant when it can be realized in China.

　　Because Tesla has no R&D team in China to localize autonomous driving, FSD needs much more localization work than NOA.

　　"Tesla is the core intelligent driving at present, and we may be latecomers in this respect, but China’s traffic and driving habits are completely different from those of the United States. We must have a deeper understanding of China’s traffic than them, which is the space for us to play," Tamia Liu told car home in an interview. "On the other hand, there are policy requirements, such as high-precision maps. Relatively speaking, the fast and high-precision maps of highways and cities, China electric vehicle companies will take some advantages over Tesla, and there are some dividends in policies and regulations. "

　　Starting from users’ habits and the design of special local scenes, China car companies know more about the road conditions in China. Local enterprises can use China’s complex scenes to train algorithms, so that users will feel that the system is smart and more like a human driver when using it.

■Are Tesla trapped in the "tightening spell" of data collection?

　　Considering the sensitivity of data, in 2021, Tesla announced that it had established a data center in China and desensitized it. All data generated by vehicles sold in Chinese mainland market will be stored in China.

　　But today, there are still many scenes where Tesla private cars are explicitly asked not to enter.

　　In terms of localization of autonomous driving, it may not only be a "loss" of Tesla, but also a problem that traditional overseas car companies will face.

　　For example, the general ability of autonomous driving technology is in the first echelon. As early as 2017, the universal SuperCruise system realized the free driving of expressways in the United States, and it was the first batch of enterprises that could realize the L2-level automatic driving. In terms of L4 autonomous driving, GM also acquired Cruise, a well-known autonomous driving startup, which has always been regarded as the autonomous driving company second only to Waymo in the field of autonomous driving in the United States.

　　However, in areas without high-precision maps, SuperCruise can’t play a good role in China. In order to make autonomous driving better in China market, in 2021, General Motors announced that it would invest $300 million in Momenta, a domestic autonomous driving startup.

　　Coincidentally, in China, Toyota also invested in self-driving startups Xiaoma Zhixing and Momenta；; Earlier this year, overseas media also reported that Volkswagen would cooperate with Huawei to build a smart driving company.

　　According to the German "Manager Magazine" report, a staff member of Cariad, a popular software department, said, "We need a system different from that of the United States and Europe, otherwise, the risk of the Group falling into a Sino-US trade dispute is too great-China may not allow vehicles to enter its market."

　　Not only that, the significance of localization research and development in the era of autonomous driving is far from that in the era of traditional fuel vehicles. Overseas car companies not only have in-depth cooperation with domestic auto-driving solution suppliers, but also increase the proportion of localized R&D in China.

　　CARIAD software department of Volkswagen Group will set up a branch in China to provide support for the functions and capabilities of advanced intelligent interconnection and advanced intelligent driving assistance system in the future; GM’s China Forward-looking Design Center and Forward-looking Technology Research Center in Shanghai are expanding rapidly, and the number of software engineers and designers will double, speeding up the development and application of general autonomous driving technology in China.

　　These car companies take the initiative to localize intelligent driving systems and solutions, which can be regarded as a rainy day for development in China.

　　China car companies rely on high-precision maps, and the effect of high-order autopilot in urban scenes at this stage may be better than that of Tesla FSD, but it is not absolute.

　　If the car travels to a place without high-precision map coverage, the system including Tucki NGP will quit voluntarily. If it travels to some roads under construction, the map has not been updated in time, and the system cannot be realized.

　　On the contrary, this time can better reflect the universality of Tesla FSD. The data shows that Tesla has traveled 4.8 billion kilometers after activating Autopilot, which is equivalent to running 120,000 laps around the earth. Have other car companies accumulated so much data? Tesla’s vision scheme can adapt to the changing environment and complete intelligent driving through autonomous learning.

　　"In the era of intelligence, all car companies are learning Tesla, and the era is his opening. There is no doubt about this. Only in local research and development, involving data security and homeland security, the effect of Tesla FSD is not as good as that of local enterprises, such as traffic signs and ghost probe scenes with complex road conditions. " An autonomous driving practitioner told car home frankly.

　　In the short term, autonomous driving depends on local conditions, and China car companies can "overtake Tesla FSD in corners" by radar and high-precision maps, but in the long term, they can’t sit back and relax. After all, more and more news indicates that Tesla’s new generation FSD is coming soon.

　　It is reported that the current generation of Tesla FSD(HW3.0), the image sensor is AR0136AT of Anson, with only 1.23 million pixels. In the new generation of FSD(HW4.0), the image sensor became Sony’s IMX490, and the number of pixels increased to 5.43 million. It is expected to be the first to be carried on Cybertruck, which is constantly delaying mass production.

　　This means that every time the pixel is doubled, the computing power will be increased by three times, and the computing power of FSD chip may be broken by 1000Tops. You know, at present, apart from Tesla, no car company can develop its own AI chip, which is also 1000Tops, and the effect is completely different. Musk once said that running Tesla computer vision software on NVIDIA hardware can process about 200 frames per second, but Tesla’s specially designed chip can achieve 2000 frames per second.

　　Tesla, the wolf, is growing rapidly. By then, will China’s vision+radar+high-precision map scheme be the best, or will Tesla, which adheres to the "first principle", be the best? (Text/car home Peng Fei Chen Can)

(For more data and analysis, please refer to the full text of 2022 China Smart Car Development Trend Insight Report).

Recently, the highly anticipated version of Tank 300 V6 (called Tank 330 by some media) has been officially launched. The launch of this model not only marks the further deepening of tank brand in the field of off-road SUV, but also brings a brand-new driving experience to off-road enthusiasts. The launch of the tank version 300 V6, with its excellent performance upgrade and more enjoyable off-road capability, once again ignited the enthusiasm of the market.

First, the overall performance upgrade

The most striking thing about the 300 V6 version of the tank is its brand-new 3.0T V6 engine. This engine adopts advanced twin-turbo technology, with a maximum power of 280 HP and a peak torque of 400 Nm. Compared with the 2.0T engine of the current model, the V6 engine has significantly improved its power reserve and running stability. This upgrade makes the tank version 300 V6 easy to cope with all kinds of complicated road conditions during off-road driving, and it can show strong climbing ability and extricating itself from difficulties, whether it is steep hillside or muddy swamp.

In addition, the tank version 300 V6 is also equipped with a brand-new 8-speed automatic manual transmission, which makes shifting smoother and driving experience more comfortable. The addition of this gearbox not only improves the fuel economy of the vehicle, but also enables the driver to control the vehicle more freely in the off-road process and enjoy more pure driving pleasure.

Second, the off-road ability will be improved again.

As an SUV specially designed for off-road, the tank version 300 V6 can’t be underestimated in off-road capability. In addition to its powerful dynamic performance, the car is also equipped with a number of off-road auxiliary systems, such as body, part-time 4wd system and differential lock. With the addition of these systems, the tank version 300 V6 can cope with all kinds of challenges more calmly in the off-road process, whether wading, rock climbing or crossing the desert, it can show extraordinary off-road strength.

It is worth mentioning that the design of Tank 300 V6 has also been upgraded. The new car adopts smoother body lines and sharper front shape, and at the same time, more chrome-plated decorative parts are added, which makes the vehicle more noble and domineering. In terms of interior, the new car has also been redesigned, equipped with more luxurious seat materials and more intelligent central control system, which further enhances the sense of quality and technology of the whole car.

Third, the market responded enthusiastically.

The launch of the tank version 300 V6 has not only attracted the enthusiastic attention of the vast number of off-road enthusiasts, but also won wide recognition in the market. According to the official information, the sales volume of new cars has continued to climb after listing, and it has become one of the most popular models in the market. This achievement is not only due to the powerful brand influence and product strength of the tank brand, but also inseparable from the recognition and love of the excellent performance of the tank version 300 V6 by consumers.

To sum up, the launch of the tank version 300 V6 has undoubtedly injected new vitality into the off-road SUV market. This model has won wide attention and praise in the market for its excellent performance upgrade and more enjoyable off-road ability. It is believed that in the future, Tank 300 V6 will continue to lead the development trend of off-road SUV market, bringing more surprises and expectations to off-road enthusiasts.