Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 29th-the State Council Press Office released a white paper on Export Control in China on December 29th. The full text is as follows:

Export control in China
(December 2021)
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
the State Council Information Office

catalogue

foreword

I. China’s Basic Position on Export Control

(A) adhere to the overall concept of national security

(2) Conscientiously fulfilling international obligations and commitments.

(3) Actively promoting international cooperation and coordination.

(4) Resolutely oppose the abuse of export control measures

II. Constantly improve the legal system and management system of export control.

(1) Establish and improve the legal system of export control.

(B) Building a coordinated and efficient export control management system

III. Continue to modernize the export control system.

(A) optimize the license management

(B) enhance law enforcement capabilities

(3) Promoting compliance construction.

(4) Fulfilling international obligations

Four, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in export control.

(a) to carry out bilateral exchanges and cooperation.

(2) Strengthen multilateral dialogue and consultation.

Concluding remarks

foreword

Export control refers to prohibiting or restricting the export of dual-use items, military products, nuclear products and other goods, technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation. It is an internationally accepted practice.

Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. Instability and uncertainty have risen significantly, the international security system and order have been impacted, and world peace is facing multiple challenges and threats. Fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory export control plays an increasingly prominent role in effectively coping with international and regional security risks and challenges under the new situation and safeguarding world peace and development. Countries generally attach great importance to and actively promote export control, and strengthen and standardize export control by establishing and implementing legal systems.

As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and the largest country in the world in goods trade and manufacturing, China has been constantly improving its export control governance in line with the principles of safeguarding national security and safeguarding world peace and regional security. In the new era, under the guidance of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, China adheres to the overall national security concept and more actively integrates into the process of economic globalization. China focuses on building a new open economic system with a higher level and a peaceful China with a higher level, realizing the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, promoting the modernization of the export control system, and achieving new development and achievements in export control governance. China thinks about its responsibility from a global perspective, earnestly fulfills its international obligations, strengthens international exchanges and cooperation, actively participates in international coordination of export control with practical actions, promotes relevant international processes, and joins hands with other countries to build a community of human destiny, thus injecting positive energy into world peace and development.

In order to comprehensively introduce the basic position and policy proposition of China’s export control and enhance the international community’s understanding of China’s export control, this white paper is hereby issued.

I. China’s Basic Position on Export Control

As a responsible big country, China firmly upholds the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, earnestly upholds the authority of international treaties and mechanisms in line with true multilateralism, and actively promotes the development of international export control in the right direction of justice, rationality and non-discrimination.

(A) adhere to the overall concept of national security

In the era of economic globalization, the security of all countries is interrelated and affects each other. China has always adhered to the overall national security concept, coordinated development and security, coordinated opening and security, coordinated traditional security and non-traditional security, coordinated its own security and common security, coordinated the maintenance and shaping of national security, and strived to build an export control system commensurate with China’s international status and compatible with national security and interests. China advocates that all countries should innovate their security concepts and establish a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable global security concept. In particular, big countries should fulfill their obligations as big countries, show their responsibilities as big countries, promote international common security in the field of export control, and jointly build a universally safe community of human destiny.

(2) Conscientiously fulfilling international obligations and commitments.

Maintaining international peace and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation are China’s solemn commitments. China has actively fulfilled its international obligations, extensively learned from international practices, and made great efforts to strengthen and improve its export control system. China resolutely opposes the proliferation of all forms of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, and has formed an export control system under the guidance of the Export Control Law, covering dual-use items, military products, nuclear products and other goods, technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation.

(3) Actively promoting international cooperation and coordination.

In today’s world, countries are increasingly becoming a community of destiny. The more we face global challenges, the more we need to cooperate to deal with them. China advocates that differences and disputes should be properly resolved through international coordination and cooperation and multilateral mechanisms, so that all countries can become partners of mutual trust and equal cooperation. At present, the reform of the global governance system is at a turning point in history. China advocates that the international coordination of export control should effectively increase the representation of emerging market countries and developing countries, better realize the equality of rights, opportunities and rules in international cooperation, reflect the wishes and interests of most countries in a more balanced way, and jointly create an international environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.

(4) Resolutely oppose the abuse of export control measures

No country or region should abuse export control measures, unreasonably impose discriminatory restrictive measures, implement double standards on non-proliferation, or even push multilateral mechanisms related to export control towards discrimination and exclusivity. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (hereinafter referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention) and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (hereinafter referred to as the Chemical Weapons Convention), as well as a series of resolutions of the General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council, all stipulate that all countries can fully enjoy peaceful uses without discrimination. China maintains that export control should abide by the principles of fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination, and should not harm the legitimate rights and interests of other countries in the peaceful use of export-controlled items, and should not set obstacles to the peaceful use of scientific and technological progress to promote development, normal international scientific and technological exchanges and economic and trade cooperation, and the safe and smooth operation of the global industrial chain supply chain. China called on all countries to effectively control the risks and threats related to export control and create a safe environment conducive to economic and social development, while actively promoting the inclusive sharing of scientific and technological development and constantly enhancing the well-being of all mankind.

II. Constantly improve the legal system and management system of export control.

China adheres to the basic strategy of governing the country according to law in an all-round way, not only based on China’s national conditions, but also drawing lessons from foreign beneficial experience, constantly improving the legal system of export control, perfecting the management system of export control, and providing the rule of law and institutional guarantee for export control.

(1) Establish and improve the legal system of export control.

Since the reform and opening up, the internal and external environment of China’s economic development has undergone profound changes, the socialist market economic system has been continuously improved, and the level of legalization of export control has been continuously improved. Since the 1990s, China has successively promulgated six administrative regulations, including Regulations on the Management of Controlled Chemicals, Regulations on Nuclear Export Control, Regulations on the Export of Military Products, Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-use Nuclear Goods and Related Technologies, Regulations on the Export Control of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies, and Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-use Biological Goods and Related Equipment and Technologies. The Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the State Atomic Energy Agency, the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission and other relevant departments have issued dozens of departmental regulations and related normative documents to refine the provisions on export control matters, including specific provisions on specific items, specific provisions on license management and law enforcement supervision, and relevant documents for implementing relevant UN Security Council resolutions.

In October 2020, China promulgated the Export Control Law, which clearly defined the export control system, control measures and international cooperation, and established the basic institutional framework and rules for export control policies, control lists, temporary controls, control lists, supervision and management. On the basis of summing up the practical experience of China’s export control, the Export Control Law is a law to guide China’s export control work according to the changes of the situation and drawing lessons from international common practices. It makes comprehensive arrangements for China’s export control system and ensures the full coverage of controlled items, applicable subjects and control links. Since the promulgation of the Export Control Law, in order to ensure the effective implementation of various systems, the state export control administrative department has actively carried out the work of "changing the relevant supporting regulations and departmental rules" to ensure the efficient connection between various fields of the export control legal system. In addition to the Export Control Law, laws such as the Foreign Trade Law, the National Security Law, the Data Security Law, the Nuclear Security Law, the Customs Law, the Administrative Licensing Law, the Administrative Punishment Law and the Criminal Law also provide a strong legal basis for the implementation of export control measures and other related work. At present, China has basically formed an export control legal system which is connected with laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules, with distinct levels and coordinated structure, laying a solid legal foundation for building a modern export control system with China characteristics.

(B) Building a coordinated and efficient export control management system

Export control involves many departments in the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC). The state has established and improved the working mechanism of export control and defined the division of labor among various departments, which has provided a solid institutional guarantee for export control.

Management system for export control of dual-use items. The export of nuclear dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the National Atomic Energy Agency. The export of biological dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the State Health and Wellness Commission and other departments as required. The export of chemical dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce. The export of missile dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission as required. The export of commercial passwords shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Cryptography Administration. The Cryptography Law stipulates that the export control list of commercial passwords shall be formulated and published by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Cryptography Administration and the General Administration of Customs. To monitor the export of chemicals, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Commerce shall manage the qualification of export operators, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall be responsible for the specific export review.

Military export control management system. Military exports are managed by the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission according to the division of labor. The main management contents include examining and approving military export franchise qualifications, military export projects, military export contracts, issuing military export licenses, formulating relevant business management measures, supervising and managing military export activities, and punishing illegal acts in military export control.

Nuclear export control management system. Nuclear export shall be managed by the State Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with other departments. The nuclear export is exclusively operated by the unit designated by the State Council, and the three principles of nuclear export guarantee for peaceful purposes only, acceptance of IAEA safeguards, and no transfer to a third country without the permission of the China government are resolutely implemented. The administrative department implements a strict examination system for nuclear exports and takes severe punishment measures for illegal acts.

The General Administration of Customs cooperates closely with relevant administrative departments to supervise the export of controlled items according to law, participate in the investigation and handling of relevant illegal export cases, and carry out risk prevention and control, supervision and law enforcement and other related work.

III. Continue to modernize the export control system.

China strictly enforces various laws and regulations on export control, translates its solemn promises into practical actions, and gradually realizes full coverage, full chain and all-round effective supervision based on the system and supported by technology, and builds a modern export control system with scientific design, orderly operation and strong implementation.

(A) optimize the license management

China’s export control widely adopts internationally accepted systems such as license management, end-user and end-use certificate, and general license. China has established an inter-departmental licensing consultation system and a two-level management model, continuously improved the licensing process, continuously enriched the types of licensing management, continuously improved the level of licensing management, effectively promoted the compliance trade of export-controlled items, and optimized the business environment under high-level opening up.

Establish a licensing consultation system to ensure rigorous and accurate review. In the examination of export license for dual-use items, an export control license consultation system involving the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the National Atomic Energy Agency and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission was established. Each department has its own duties, division of labor and close cooperation, and examines export applications from the aspects of national security and interests, international obligations, end users and end uses, so as to ensure that relevant exports comply with laws and relevant policies and regulations.

Implement a two-level management model to facilitate licensing applications. China has a vast territory, and enterprises applying for export licenses come from all over the country. China gives overall consideration to the relationship between control and promotion, safeguards and promotes compliant trade, implements a two-level management model in licensing management, and entrusts the relevant departments of the provincial people’s government to provide public services on export control to export operators and assist them in forwarding export applications. The approval result of license examination is transmitted to the export operators and China Customs in the form of online data. In order to improve the level of trade facilitation, since July 2021, the Ministry of Commerce has implemented paperless management of export licenses for dual-use items, realizing the electronic process of business application, business review, license issuance and customs clearance of goods, and shortening the time for obtaining licenses by 5 to 7 days.

Improve licensing management measures and improve the level of precise management. Focus on improving the end-user and end-use certification system and promote multi-level management. Under normal circumstances, export operators are required to provide end-use certificates issued by end users; For export applications with potential risks, it is required to provide end-user and end-use certification documents certified by the government agencies of the countries and regions where the end-users are located and the embassies and consulates of China in relevant countries, or require the government agencies of the countries and regions where the end-users are located to issue end-user and end-use certification documents. China implements general licensing measures to enrich the types of license management. Export operators who have established an internal compliance system for export control and are in good operation can be granted a general license, allowing them to export to multiple countries and regions or multiple end users for multiple times within the validity period. The multi-measures licensing management measures have improved the pertinence and effectiveness of licensing management.

Establish an expert support team to support scientific and efficient management. China attaches great importance to the construction of experts, and clearly establishes and improves the export control expert consultation mechanism in the form of legal provisions. Relevant departments organize experts in the fields of dual-use items, military products and nuclear, and establish a support team of export control experts to assist in making scientific and accurate judgments. Over the years, the team of experts has provided strong support for inventory formulation, license management, supervision and law enforcement, and business consulting. With the increasing demand for specialization in export control, China will continue to increase the input of experts, build a professional team with all fields and fine business, and provide more professional and efficient support for export control in the new era.

(B) enhance law enforcement capabilities

China has continuously improved its export control law enforcement mechanism, expanded its law enforcement methods, enhanced its law enforcement capabilities, gradually improved its authoritative and efficient export control law enforcement system, effectively cracked down on illegal export control activities, and ensured the complete, accurate and strict implementation of export control laws and regulations.

Improve the organization and build a coordinated and powerful law enforcement mechanism. Strengthen the construction of specialized export control institutions of the Ministry of Commerce. In 2014, the Ministry of Commerce set up a full-time export control law enforcement team to be responsible for the construction of export control law enforcement system and case investigation. The Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the General Administration of Customs and other departments have strengthened horizontal cooperation in law enforcement, and have cooperated vertically with relevant departments of provincial people’s governments in law enforcement. The horizontal and vertical law enforcement cooperation system of various departments and localities has formed a strict law enforcement grid, which provides a strong organizational mechanism guarantee for China’s export control law enforcement, and better solves the problems of China’s export control law enforcement, such as wide territory, wide field and difficult investigation.

Broaden the means and measures to enhance the deterrence of law enforcement supervision. Constantly improve the ability of export control law enforcement, in addition to authorizing law enforcement departments to conduct on-the-spot inspections, inquiries and investigations, access to information and other basic law enforcement means, it also gives law enforcement departments a variety of means such as sealing up and detaining items involved and inquiring bank accounts. For illegal export operators, law enforcement departments can include their illegal situations in the credit records according to law, effectively enhancing the deterrence of law enforcement. China’s export control law enforcement covers all aspects of export. It not only strictly supervises the export links, but also controls the participation of intermediary services in illegal export, and prohibits relevant institutions and individuals from providing intermediary services such as agency, freight forwarding, customs declaration, third-party e-commerce trading platform and finance for illegal export control activities. China pays attention to the implementation of non-mandatory law enforcement means such as supervision talks and administrative guidance, and implements measures such as prevention, guidance and supervision to ensure the effectiveness of law enforcement.

Promote the use of law enforcement equipment and information technology, and effectively strengthen support capabilities. China increased investment in export control law enforcement equipment and facilities, and China Customs was equipped with specialized equipment for testing radioactive, biological and chemical items, which significantly improved the efficiency of identifying, inspecting and disposing export control items and effectively helped law enforcement personnel to detect illegal exports. China actively improves the application of law enforcement information, and strengthens the exchange and cooperation of information about illegal export activities among law enforcement and management agencies. China attaches great importance to the statistical analysis of information data of illegal export control cases, realizes the comprehensive application function of basic information such as enterprises involved and cases, and improves the information support. Export control law enforcement agencies regularly conduct comprehensive policies and regulations, item identification and law enforcement skills training for law enforcement officials to enhance law enforcement capabilities.

(3) Promoting compliance construction.

China attaches great importance to the construction of export control compliance, adheres to the principle of "government guidance, enterprise-oriented, multi-party linkage", lays a solid legal foundation, improves the policy framework, conducts publicity and training, and promotes the construction of export control compliance to achieve positive results.

Strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law. Pay attention to consolidating the rule of law foundation of compliance construction. The Export Control Law clearly states that China government departments will issue export control guidelines for relevant industries in a timely manner to guide export operators to establish and improve the internal compliance system of export control to standardize their operations. Make clear the incentive measures, and give convenience measures such as general license to export operators who have established an internal compliance system for export control and are in good operation. In the form of law, China provides legal protection for the government to effectively guide the export control compliance construction, and provides legal basis for enterprises to establish and improve the internal compliance system.

Strengthen policy guidelines. In 2007, the Ministry of Commerce issued the first guidance on the establishment of internal export control mechanism for enterprises engaged in dual-use items and technologies. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce revised and issued the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Commerce on Establishing an Internal Compliance Mechanism for Export Control of Dual-use Items, which expanded the compliance elements to nine, including formulating a policy statement, establishing an organization, conducting a comprehensive risk assessment, establishing a review procedure, formulating emergency measures, conducting education and training, improving compliance auditing, keeping data files and compiling a management manual. The Internal Compliance Guide for Export Control of Dual-Use Items was added to provide more detailed guidance and scenario reference. In the nuclear field, China has issued documents such as guidelines for the construction of nuclear import and export compliance management mechanism.

Strengthen public services. Attach great importance to the publicity and training of export control compliance, continuously increase publicity efforts, and improve the compliance level of the whole society. Governments at all levels go deep into enterprise research and discussion, carry out training in key areas, consolidate the awareness of export control compliance, and cultivate an export control compliance culture. In recent years, more than 20 training and discussion exchanges in various forms have been held annually, with about 30,000 participants. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce launched the construction of an export control information service platform, and strengthened its guidance and services. Actively guide business associations, intermediaries, expert think tanks and other social resources to carry out export control compliance research, provide consulting services, and jointly participate in export control compliance construction.

(4) Fulfilling international obligations

China has always advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, biological weapons and chemical weapons, resolutely opposed the proliferation of such weapons and their means of delivery, and did not support, encourage or help any country to develop weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery. China is committed to regulating the trade in conventional weapons, cracking down on illegal arms trafficking and alleviating the humanitarian problems caused by the abuse of conventional weapons. China firmly upholds the authority and validity of relevant international treaties, strictly fulfills its international obligations and safeguards international and regional peace and stability.

In the nuclear field, China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1984, and signed the Agreement between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the International Atomic Energy Agency on the Application of Safeguards in China in 1988, and voluntarily placed its civil nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards. In 1992, China acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. China actively participated in the negotiations on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in the Geneva Conference on Disarmament, and made an important contribution to the conclusion of the Treaty, which was first signed in 1996. In October 1997, China joined the Zangger Committee. In 1998, China signed an additional protocol on strengthening the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and formally completed the domestic legal procedures for the entry into force of the additional protocol in early 2002, becoming the first nuclear-weapon state to complete the above procedures. In June 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group, actively participated in the related affairs of the Group and fulfilled its rights and obligations.

In the biological field, China joined the Biological Weapons Convention in 1984 and has always strictly fulfilled its obligations under the Convention. China has always submitted the declaration materials on the implementation of confidence-building measures on time, deeply participated in the convention review process, actively put forward multilateral initiatives in the fields of regulating biological scientific research activities, global allocation of biotechnology and resources, actively provided public products to the international community in the fields of strengthening the safety of biological laboratories, continuously strengthened the export control of dual-use biological products and related equipment and technologies, and revised the control list in time. China advocates promoting the positive results of the review process of the Convention, especially the negotiation and formulation of a legally binding verification protocol, so as to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of the Convention.

In the chemical field, China has made positive contributions to the conclusion of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In January 1993, China signed the Convention. In April 1997, China submitted its instrument of ratification and became an original party to the Convention. China firmly supports the aims and objectives of the Convention and urges all parties to strictly fulfill their obligations and implement the provisions of the Convention in a balanced and effective manner. Since the entry into force of the Convention, China has promulgated domestic implementation legislation, set up specialized implementation agencies, submitted various annual announcements on time and completely, and strictly accepted relevant inspections by the OPCW. In 2020, China completed the domestic legislative procedures for adding Schedule 1 chemicals to the 24th Conference of States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention within the time limit stipulated in the Convention.

In the field of missiles, China supports the efforts made by the international community to prevent the proliferation of missiles and related items and technologies, and has a positive and open attitude towards international suggestions on strengthening the missile non-proliferation mechanism. Drawing on the export control practices of many countries, China promulgated and implemented the Regulations on Export Control of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies, which provided a legal basis for the export of items and technologies in China’s missile field. China has also actively participated in relevant international exchanges and cooperation and made joint efforts to prevent ballistic missile proliferation.

In the field of military products, China actively participated in the negotiation of the Arms Trade Treaty and made important contributions to its conclusion. In September 2019, China announced the initiation of domestic legal procedures related to its accession to the Arms Trade Treaty. In July 2020, China formally joined the Arms Trade Treaty. As a State party to the Treaty, China firmly supports the aims and objectives of the Treaty, fully fulfills its obligations under the Treaty, and is willing to work with other States parties to standardize the conventional arms trade, promote the universality and effectiveness of the Treaty, and improve the global governance of the arms trade.

Four, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in export control.

China has always attached importance to and actively carried out international exchanges and cooperation in export control, promoted mutual trust, dispelling doubts, learning from each other, promoted international coordination of export control, promoted compliance trade of export control items, and made China contributions to enhancing the fairness and openness of international export control.

(a) to carry out bilateral exchanges and cooperation.

On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, China actively conducts bilateral exchanges and cooperation on export control, enhances mutual trust through dialogue and consultation, embodies China’s open and cooperative attitude, and promotes mutual benefit and win-win bilateral cooperation.

Actively promote the compliance trade of export controlled items. China has established intergovernmental mechanisms with many countries and regions, and conducted intergovernmental consultations, seminars, dialogues with enterprises and other activities to exchange experiences and practices. Maintain dialogue with relevant national export control authorities and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of export control. China signed bilateral agreements with Russian and other countries, and issued End User and End Use Notes to promote mutual trust and cooperation.

In-depth bilateral export control and non-proliferation exchanges and cooperation. China and the United States have held several seminars on the identification of export controlled items to enhance technical exchanges in law enforcement. In the nuclear field, China has maintained consultations and exchanges with the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Germany and European Union institutions, and jointly cracked down on illegal activities through information exchange and law enforcement cooperation according to law. In the field of MCCs, China conducts bilateral exchanges and cooperation with other States parties under the framework of the Chemical Weapons Convention, and goes to Germany, Spain, South Korea, Japan and other countries to carry out end-user and end-use verification. China has established consultation mechanisms on strategic security, arms control and non-proliferation with more than 10 countries at the deputy ministerial level and the bureau level, and shared experiences and practices in the field of non-proliferation, which has played an important role in enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation.

In addition to intergovernmental cooperation, China actively supports non-governmental exchanges and cooperation in export control. The Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, China Nuclear Energy Industry Association and other institutions actively carry out non-governmental exchanges, academic research and non-governmental international exchanges with research institutions of relevant countries, and deepen understanding and enhance friendship by jointly holding seminars, forums and field visits.

(2) Strengthen multilateral dialogue and consultation.

China attaches importance to maintaining communication and consultation on global issues and unexpected events through the United Nations and multilateral mechanisms in the field of export control, so as to promote world peace and regional security.

China maintains that the United Nations, as the most universal international organization, should play a central role, balance the relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful use, and safeguard the legitimate rights of developing countries in peaceful use of scientific and technological progress. In December 2021, at the initiative of China, the 76th UN General Assembly adopted the resolution "Promoting international cooperation in the peaceful use of science and technology in the field of international security", stressing the importance of peaceful use of science and technology and related international cooperation to economic and social development, and urging countries to remove unreasonable restrictions on the peaceful use of science and technology for developing countries while fulfilling their international obligations of non-proliferation. The adoption of this resolution marks the beginning of an open, inclusive and fair dialogue process under the framework of the General Assembly, which is of great significance to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of all countries in the peaceful use of science and technology, promoting the universal sharing of scientific and technological progress achievements, and responding to the security challenges brought about by scientific and technological development. It is also helpful to promote the more comprehensive and balanced implementation of international treaties such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and to strengthen cooperation with other member States of existing non-proliferation and export control mechanisms. China will continue to work with all parties to advance the dialogue process under the framework of the General Assembly.

In April 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 1540, demanding that all countries strengthen domestic management and export control of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and technologies, and prevent and combat non-state entities from acquiring the above items. This resolution is the first special non-proliferation resolution of the Security Council, which is conducive to promoting and strengthening international cooperation on the basis of international law. China actively supports and participates in the non-proliferation work under the UN framework such as the Security Council 1540 Committee, and actively promotes the comprehensive review process of Security Council resolution 1540. In order to promote the implementation of the resolution in Asia, China and the 1540 Committee of the Security Council held three "Training Courses for National Contact Points of Non-proliferation in the Asia-Pacific Region" in Qingdao, Xi ‘an and Xiamen, China in 2015, 2017 and 2019 respectively.

In 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group. China strictly fulfills its obligations as a member, actively participates in "Group" policy consultation, list making and information exchange, and strengthens export control cooperation with other members. China has made corresponding amendments to the Regulations on Nuclear Export Control and the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-use Nuclear Goods and Related Technologies in accordance with the "Group" guidelines, making the acceptance of comprehensive safeguards by importing countries a condition for nuclear export, and keeping pace with the "Group" control list, and regularly revising the export control list.

In 2004, China formally applied to join the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and maintained communication with it. Five rounds of dialogue sessions were held to exchange and consult on the export control regime, control list, law enforcement and China’s accession in the missile field. China drew lessons from the "system" guidelines and technical annexes when formulating the regulations and lists of missile export control.

China maintained communication and exchanges with Wassenaar Arrangement, and the two sides held five rounds of dialogue sessions to exchange in-depth views on export control principles, lists and "best practices" of conventional weapons and related dual-use items and technologies.

China maintained contact and exchanges with the Australia Group, and the two sides held six rounds of consultations to exchange views on the non-proliferation situation in the biological and chemical fields, the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and the operation of the Australia Group.

China is willing to work with the international community to promote the fairness and openness of multilateral mechanisms related to export control, increase the representativeness and diversity of its members, adhere to the road of unity and cooperation, resist discriminatory practices, work together to deal with various global problems and jointly create a better future for mankind.

Concluding remarks

At present, the international structure has undergone profound changes, and international export control faces many challenges. It is a long way to go to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. Strengthening international cooperation and seeking common security and development require long-term unremitting joint efforts of all countries.

China will adhere to the overall national security concept, constantly promote the export control system and capacity building, strengthen management, strictly enforce the law, promote compliance construction, and effectively respond to the risks and challenges faced under the new situation. China will assume the responsibility of a big country, fulfill its international obligations and commitments, conduct export control exchanges and cooperation, and work with other countries to promote the healthy development of international export control governance and make positive contributions to building a community of human destiny.

What are the popular restaurants in Beijing?

Haven’t eaten any?

So what are you waiting for? ? ?

Part 1

local dish

Chinese style mixed with western flavor has Jingge meal.

[Crispy Boletus Spring Chicken] The two ways to eat crispy skin are delicious, but it is more recommended to soak it in the soup after it is absorbed.

[Ghost Horse Fruit Shrimp Ball] is also satisfying. Shrimp meat is firm and crispy, and it tastes rich.

[Fish Tofu] My friends and I love this dish.

[Iced milk tea] Very delicious milk tea! The milk tea is wrapped in ice cups, which can ensure the continuous taste of iced milk tea, and the milk tea is not sweet and greasy.

[Ice fire pineapple oil] Well done, the pineapple oil skin is also very crisp, a classic Hong Kong-style dim sum.

Store name: Youjing Pavilion

Address:Stand 12 of Workers’ Stadium (near the East Gate of Workers’ Stadium, Fuguo Underwater World)

Telephone:010-65532057 010-65530257

Per capita:101 yuan

Experience Xiang and Xiang Yuan as if dining at home.

[Aojiao Fish Head King (Chopped Pepper)] This dish can be described as the treasure of the town shop. The meat of the fish head is fresh and tender, and the chopped pepper and soup are soaked in the fish. That’s a delicious dish!

[Rice Tofu] It’s very valuable. Tofu is tender, soft and smooth, quite spicy, and it’s very delicious.

[Tujia pork liver] is moderately thick and tender, and it is delicious with garlic and ginger slices.

Store name: Xiang Yu Xiang Yuan

Address:5th Floor, Yintai in88, No.88 Wangfujing Street (Wangfujing Church)

Telephone:010-59785658

Per capita:64 yuan

Two thousand Jin Chongqing Jianghu dishes

[A small portion of chicken and rattan pepper] The vegetables in the chicken are so delicious. Lettuce, in particular, is crisp and slightly sweet, so chopsticks can’t stop!

[1,000 kilograms of secret baked brain flower] is not spicy, the brain flower is tender, not fishy, and tastes good.

[Shuangliu rabbit head] There is little meat on the rabbit head, but it is very tasty, just right, delicious ~

[Taro Chicken] Taro and chicken wings with only one bone. There is a lot of meat on the chicken wings, which is delicious.

[Thousands of pounds of signature fried rice] There are shrimps in it! Stir-fried very scattered, very dry.

The cost performance is not very high, and the food is not very memorable. The environment and service are good.

Store name: 2,000 Jin Chongqing Jianghu dishes

Address:Floor 6, Wudaokou Shopping Center, No.28 Chengfu Road (100 meters next to Wudaokou subway, from the sightseeing elevator on the east side of the shopping mall to the rooftop on the sixth floor)

Telephone:010-50928218 15010005055

Per capita:84 yuan

Satisfy all the fantasies of foodies about Hong Kong.

In a corner of the gathering place, the Hong Kong chef opened a shop that Sister Pomegranate liked. From snacks to drinks, it was all authentic Hong Kong street flavor. The texture and decoration of the wall made people feel like they were in a tea restaurant in Tsim Sha Tsui. Silk stockings milk tea is well made, with rich tea flavor and silky taste. rice rolls is rich in fillings, and the skin is delicate and tough. A wonton with only three shrimps and Napoleon, who is bigger than iphone7, should not be missed.

Store name: Dazui Hong Kong-style restaurant

Address:Huiju Xihongmen Shopping Center, Floor 3 (Suning Appliance, Jinyi Cinema, InloveKTV)

Telephone:010-50954709

humanBoth:81 yuan

Olympic Games designated reception restaurant

【 Yiyuan Bawang Chicken 】 The signature dish in the store! The table is necessary, the side dishes are so rich, and the face value is so high ~

【 Eight lords Beijing snacks 】 The taste is quite satisfactory, and snowballing and pea yellow are not bad.

【 Baye Roasted Sea Cucumber with Tendons 】 The shape is very special, and it is also served with fried quail eggs, which tastes acceptable.

[Baye Roast Duck] The variety of small ingredients is so rich that children like it very much. Pineapple, hawthorn, cantaloupe, radish in the heart, etc., have changed the way of eating in the past, but I still think that cucumber with onion is the best with roast duck ~ the duck skin is tender and juicy, fat but not greasy, and the duck meat is very fragrant and soft, which is great!

Store name: Huajia Yiyuan Garden

Address:No.235 Dongzhimen Inner Street

Telephone:010-51283315 010-64051908

Per capita:157 yuan

Part 2

Special meal

Eat original dishes in the tropical rain forest

It took two years to prepare, six months to adjust the menu, and six million yuan to decorate. All the green plants in the store are real, and even they have their own watering system. In addition, all the decorations, large and small, also came from Thailand. As soon as they entered the store, they immediately entered the tropical rainforest. It can be said that it is the first Teppanyaki in Southeast Asia in Beijing, and each table is equipped with a chef. When you make Teppanyaki in front of you, you can enjoy both vision and taste ~

Store name: Yueyu

Address:No.16-17, Floor 4, East District, Longhu Changying Tianjie Shopping Center

Telephone:65769985

Per capita:108 yuan

Tian Liang zhong ai GUI Jie Xin brochette

Like most shops in Guijie Street, this cold pot string is open at night, and his family has its own landscape yard. When it was opened on Dawang Road before, I heard that Chongqing Wa Tian Liang (that is, Sendie Dad) often visited it. The skewers are spicy enough, not dry or greasy, and a large row of them on the table is particularly spectacular. People send cool cakes with the nickname "fire extinguisher", which are shaped like pudding, and the brown sugar is also very thick. When the spicy strings are eaten, a cool cake can be instantly "revived".

Store name: Dinghai Shenzhen

Address:Beixinqiao Toutiao No.7 (Guijie)

Telephone:010-57133131

Per capita:82 yuan

N ways to eat a fish

Live fish from the reservoir are airlifted from Sichuan every day and killed now. Every way, the meat tastes fresh, tender and smooth. The signature spicy and hot fish is tasty, less prickly, spicy and not choking, and you can also ask the waiter to stew with the remaining soup. Fish with Chinese sauerkraut is specially served. His family also has a lot of limited dishes that need to be reserved, such as braised fish maw, braised fish maw, braised fish offal and so on, and the homemade sour plum soup is also good.

Store name: fish flavor and Sichuan flavor

Address:No.5 Xiaoying East Road (Asian Games Village, Jin Quan Square, Union University, Huixin East Bridge)

Telephone:84368108

Per capita:83 yuan

Lee Kwang Soo salty rice cake hotpot

A basket of rice cake hot pot with salt for pigs, there are more than 30 branches in China, and this one is the only direct store in Beijing. The store is decorated with atmosphere and there are countless Guangzhu Ouba implants for group photos. All the raw materials in his family are from South Korea, and there is also the correct teaching of Korean rice cake hot pot. After eating hot pot, you must fry a meal with cheese, and tuna and laver are also very Massidda ~

Store name: Taiyige

Address:Floor 1, Building 410, Area 4, Wangjing Xiyuan (Q-MART)

Telephone:64758211

Per capita:66 yuan

Qidao housekeeping dishes prop up a branch

Open in a shopping mall, the space is particularly spacious, and there is still no room for people who are waiting for each other every day. His family found seven mysterious chefs, each of whom provided a good housekeeping dish. Among them, the old classmate spicy chicken, a piece of red, tastes homely, and the chicken is fragrant but not spicy, bite by bite, which has the visual sense of snacks. The stone-cooked Meishan black tofu is served hot, and the soup splashes on the stone pot, making it sizzling, and the taste of old tofu is embedded with meat pieces, which are mixed with soft and hard, coordinated with meat and vegetables, and then poured with some juice, which is fragrant or not. Seafood three brothers fried rice and the new yangzhi nectar-vegetarian honey are all must-have items when you arrive at the store.

Store name: Mr. Cook.

Address:Floor 6, Beijing apm Shopping Center, No.138 Wangfujing Street -L609A (dengshikou Subway Station)

Telephone:010-65229228 4001789988

Per capita:78 yuan

Part 3

Aquatic system

Hubei lobsters bigger than their hands.

Lobsters specially flown in from Hubei every day are legendary white-cheeked shrimps, all of which are bigger than the palm of your hand. Braised lobster in oil is a local explosion in Hubei. At present, it is the only one in his family in Beijing. Steamed, Jintang garlic and other methods are all brilliant. In addition, ginger and spicy dishes are also realistic. If you are afraid of spicy food, you can order a few cups of Asahi draft beer from his family or Vita milk, a specialty in Hubei. Overbearing cold noodles and flavored edamame, which can be found everywhere, can be made by his family, which is simply amazing.

Store name: slap lobster

Address:No.8 Donglijia, Balizhuang, Chaoyang Road, 500 meters north of Ciyun Temple Bridge East.

Telephone:010-58497998

Per capita:110 yuan

The new height of Beijing freehand seafood restaurant

In Shenzhen, Modu had to wait in line for 2 hours to eat, but when it arrived in Beijing, it adopted the post-modern bold eating method of eating seafood by hand without tableware. As soon as it entered the door, it was a freezer that discharged seafood, and it was full of imported goods! A variety of emperor crabs, dragons, etc., the set meal will also be accompanied by green mouth, prawn, squid barrel, pork sausage, small potatoes and corn, etc., three of which are enough to eat. In addition, the BARBEQUE series baked goods unique to Beijing store are also great. Finally, have a sweet and refreshing coconut-flavored special drink to relieve boredom, perfect ~

Store Name: No.8 Aquatic Products

Address:For example, store F1-05-2 (Starbucks) in the world.

Telephone:68056660

Per capita:192 yuan

Chaozhi buffet global cuisine

The whole ship’s thorns are on the table, and they are very domineering! Canadian sea urchins, Australian lobsters, bread crabs, New Zealand horse meat, Argentine rose shrimp, Irish crayfish, live mussel sashimi, French Guirado oysters, etc., all of which are available. Argentine rose shrimp and salt-baked prawns are all freely eaten, and Korean drinks, various juices, dry red, dry white, champagne, sake and beer are freely drunk. It is said that romantic champagne is also given on birthdays.

Store name: put the topic

Address:3rd Floor, Borui Building, No.26 East Third Ring Road North (Sanlitun)

Telephone:65956177

Per capita:320 yuan

Probably the hottest bowl of rice in Beijing.

The store is designed with tatami with love, so you won’t feel uncomfortable sitting ~ The only Kansai restaurant in Beijing cooks raw and roasted eels every day, and the quantity is limited, so you can’t eat them without making an appointment ~ There are n ways to eat eels, such as eel rice, frozen eels, Naaman eels, etc., and delicious baby eels are also added to the egg rolls, which are tender and swollen, and the value of raw eels is quite high. Eel rice is accompanied with salad and drinks lunch. There are cute eels at the front desk, which you can collect for free ~ Don’t forget to take one with you when you check out ~

Store name: Aoeel

Address:Jiang tai Gaojiayuan Community Area 3 Community Entrance 30 meters (Lidu Hotel)

Telephone:58494526

Per capita:363 yuan

Part 4

Noodles er

A unique authentic Beijing flavor

There are a lot of rattles, cricket cans, birdcages, etc. in the shop, as well as a variety of rabbits. At first glance, it is a shop opened by Beijing aborigines, which is very representative of the hutong years. The noodles made are unique. The boss makes noodles with brine according to the old recipe handed down from generation to generation, and all the noodles are handmade, which tastes positive and solid, and you can’t find them anywhere else. It’s also good to have a bowl of thick soup and big meat noodles in cold weather.

Shop name: rabbit makes noodles.

Address:Room 3012, Floor 3, Chaowai SOHO-A Building, No.6 Chaowai Street B

Telephone:59005901

Per capita:26 yuan

A noodle restaurant with a bowl bigger than the other two.

After traveling around the world, the boss returned to Sanlitun and opened this noodle restaurant specializing in coarse grains. All the dishes were developed by the boss himself. All the noodles are oversized bowls, and the tastes are all kinds of new tricks. In the handmade noodles of Baku-Gucha, the special corn flour and stewed meat bones are very suitable for the elderly and children. The steamed buns with sorghum noodles, the okra sashimi of wasabi, etc. are all quite good. There are a lot of office buildings nearby, which will be full if you are not careful at noon! So if you want to eat, you must hurry up.

Store name: coarse grain taste noodles

Address:1329, Building 3 Plaza, Sanlitun SOHO3

Telephone:13366512727

Per capita:30 yuan

Small Taiwan Province style in shopping malls.

Simple and tidy, decent elements of Taiwan’s night market are quite pleasing, braised pork rice and beef noodles are signboards, and the delicious taste of canteen level is good ~ seasonal side dishes are not bad, and large pieces of beef are soft and rotten. If you choose family fun, there will be fat intestines and half-muscle and half-meat. The stuffing of fried dumplings is fresh, juicy and unexpectedly delicious.

Store name: B-Pick

Address:5/F Aegean Shopping Center (next to Windsor KTV)

Telephone:84240620

Per capita:37 yuan

Part 5

Star shop

Barbecue shop opened by supermodel handsome boy

In 1993, Jin Dachuan, a young model, opened a shop with fashionable decoration and guests’ dresses. The people in the shop are all very high-valued. The friends who are addicted to flowers are always fascinated by hypoxia. The environment is good, the table spacing is not so dense, and they can have a quiet meal. There is a big bar, and all kinds of strawberry wine, peach wine and Belgian beer can be chosen, which is especially suitable for friends’ parties.

Store name: Chiyan General Charcoal Roasted Meat House

Address:West side of Dongbai Street Times International Deshang (diagonally opposite to Tianzhizi Community in the northeast corner of Shuangjing Bridge)

Telephone:13522796059

Per capita:112 yuan

National father-in-law’s first store in Beijing

I’m glad to meet your first store in Beijing. I made a good preparation before I went, but I didn’t think it was what I expected! After all, Michelin chefs are still in charge.

Support my father-in-law’s books and movies, and then support his restaurant. I feel that my youth is complete.

Store name: Nice to meet you.

Address:6F-17, Floor 6, Chaoyang Joy City

Telephone:85518867

Per capita:110 yuan

Tangled Chinese cuisine

On the opening day, thousands of people lined up in the first restaurant in the mainland, and scalpers were selling tickets! The mix of decoration styles in the store, the most conspicuous is the big screen, which keeps playing Jay Chou’s songs in a loop, which is also a fan welfare. It is also good to have a fan chorus in the restaurant if you don’t have a chance to watch the concert.

Store name: J Hero

Address:Chaoyang Joy City 6F-24

Per capita:105 yuan

Part 6

afternoon tea

Crossing to the Republic of China in Xiaoyanglou

Between Nanluoguxiang and Jiaokou, there is a low-key Xiaoyanglou, which was Rong Lu House in Qing Dynasty and was once the hangyuan of Chiang Kai-shek. The environment is retro and beautiful. Desserts can get high marks in terms of shape and taste. Even the waiters are beautiful and handsome. The red velvet cake should not be missed. It is said to be the most affordable three-story tower in Beijing, and it is also a surprise.

Store name: MsMood

Address:Rong Lu House, No.7 Ju ‘er Hutong, Nanluoguxiang

Telephone:18611173520

Per capita:117 yuan

High-pressure afternoon tea surrounded by flowers

The first floor is the flower shop of their old line. There is a kind of afternoon tea on the second floor of feel~, which has got into the "rabbit hole". The desserts are all of high value. It is quite good to take photos with girlfriends, gossip and fork in the shop surrounded by flowers, but the taste is quite average.

Store Name: Fauvism Town

Address:No.19 Sanlitun Road Sanlitun Taikooli South Zone

Telephone:18513975160

Per capita:130 yuan

Edible petal afternoon tea

The second floor is full of sofa seats. There are air conditioners, humidifiers, and transparent roofs, which are sunny and suitable for girlfriends to get together and blind date. Enjoy the sight and taste! All the petals in this can be eaten! ! Unlike ordinary cafes, which are so crowded and noisy, there are flowers when you enter the door, a parrot buddy, and a kitten rescued from under the wheels. The drinks are also quite distinctive. The drinks made by roses taste good, and the flowerpot cakes taste great. I am in a daze at weekends, reading and basking in the sun.

Store name: Gordo Garden

Address:No.57, Beiluoguxiang

Telephone:64006432

Per capita:53 yuan

Part 7

Snack

Sanlitun Qiqi mini chuan

Waiters are all holding a large basket of objects to confirm something with customers ~ simple and easy to understand and interesting. Mini strings are really cute ~ golden corn kernels are the cutest! Must eat! It’s best to make an appointment in advance, and only accept the reservation at 6-7 pm every day. If you don’t make an appointment, come and eat it or not, it will depend on your life ~ A cow only produces 2 kg of chest meat, which is also noble!

Store name: Chuantang

Address:Chunxiu Road Xingfu 1 ST Village Community (West of Jiezuo Building)

Telephone:84400711

Per capita:89 yuan

Tianxin Baobao’s favorite milk tea shop

When the fire broke out in Shanghai, I quickly opened n stores when I came to Beijing, and the sweet baby couldn’t put it down! I can’t remember the name of the store and the name of the drink at all. Everything from the milk cover to the tea soup is handmade, not blended. Kyoho Grape is beautiful in shape, its taste is mixed with refreshing grape flavor and slight sour taste, and it also hides the texture of lemon similar to jelly, which is great.

Store name: Love Warm Early Tea

Address:Chaoyang Joy City B1-49

Telephone:85837911

Per capita:15 yuan

Hot South Korea’s Wuyun ice cream

The store opened in South Korea actually has open-air seats in a place like Nanluo. It’s amazing! The sky-blue wall is so beautiful that it is suitable for girlfriends to go shopping and take a selfie ~ Wuyun ice cream and honeycomb ice cream are very representative of Korea, which is simply lovable and beautiful.

Store name: ICE STORY dreamer

Address:In the courtyard of No.15 Nanluoguxiang

Telephone:18610019822

Per capita:28 yuan

If you want to eat yourself, come on!

The article was transferred from Beijing Circle | Copyright belongs to the original author.

As a loyal car of FAW Pentium, Pentium Pony has three professional 4S stores in Shaoxing, which provides all-round experience and service for car buyers. Let’s explore these stores together and learn about their features and preferential information:

1. Shengzhou Pentium Pony 4S Store-located at the intersection of Shuangta Road and Huancheng Road in Shengzhou City, Shengzhou Benyue Automobile Co., Ltd. offers discounts on car purchase at the reserve price, as well as a thousand yuan car purchase subsidy and other surprises. Click for details.
2. 4S shop of Pentium Pony in Yuecheng District-No.1 Parkson Street, Paojiang, Shaoxing, Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing Paojiang Benyue Automobile Co., Ltd. also provides reserve price and car purchase subsidy. Welcome to experience it.
3. Zhuji Pentium Pony 4S Store-No.128 Wangyun Road, Zhuji City, Zhuji Tengxin Automobile Sales & Service Co., Ltd. also provides attractive discounts and quality services to customers.

Every store is committed to meeting your car needs, whether it is car selection, test drive or maintenance, there is a one-stop solution. According to your location and needs, contact any of the above 4S stores and enjoy a one-stop car service experience!

　　CCTV News:On January 4th, the Ministry of Finance, the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and the State Civil Service Bureau released the revised Measures for the Administration of Training Fees of Central and State Organs, which revised the original measures in the aspects of training plan management, organization management, classified management of training items and calculation of lecture fees, so as to further promote the construction of the system of practicing economy and opposing waste.

　　The revised new method is quite distinctive in many aspects, such as clarifying the charging standard for lectures, stipulating that the lectures of academicians should not exceed 1,500 yuan per class hour, and the maximum 760 yuan per person per day at the provincial and ministerial levels, emphasizing that "whoever holds the lectures will bear the expenses", not charging the trainees, strictly prohibiting the transfer and apportionment of training expenses, and adding the content of supervision and inspection on whether there is extravagance and waste.

　　The new regulations implement the highest standard of project classification management 760 yuan/person/day.

　　The training management measures implemented on January 1, 2014 stipulate that the training fees shall be subject to comprehensive quota standards, itemized approval and total amount control. The comprehensive quota standards are accommodation fee 180 yuan/person/day, food fee 110 yuan/person/day, venue fee and lecture fee 100 yuan/person/day, information fee, transportation fee and other fees 60 yuan/person/day, and the total is 450 yuan/person/day. Training within 15 days is controlled according to the comprehensive quota standard; Training exceeding 15 days shall be controlled according to 80% of the comprehensive quota standard; More than 30 days of training, more than days in accordance with the comprehensive quota standard of 70% control. The above days include the check-in and evacuation time, and the check-in and evacuation time shall not exceed 1 day respectively.

　　Compared with the provisions of the 2014 version, the new method clearly implements the classified management of training projects and adjusts the comprehensive quota standard in conjunction with conference fees. According to the requirements of "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" classification and full-time training, the training programs are divided into three categories, which are applicable to provincial and ministerial level personnel, department-level personnel, division-level personnel and below. Considering that the training of central and state organs is basically held in Beijing, the original 180 yuan accommodation fee standard is difficult to meet the needs. According to the changes in market prices and the adjustment of conference fee standards, the comprehensive quota standard for training fees is appropriately raised.

　　The lecture fee is not more than 1,500 yuan/class hour for well-known experts.

　　According to the new regulations, the teacher fee refers to the expenses incurred by hiring teachers to teach, including the teacher’s lecture fee, accommodation fee, meals fee and inter-city transportation fee.

　　In the old regulations implemented in 2014, the provision that the charging standard for lecture fees is "calculated by half a day" is not accurate enough, and in actual implementation, one or two class hours are also calculated by half a day. This revision is linked with the provision of "Regulations on Cadre Education and Training" that the calculation unit of lecture fees is adjusted from "half a day" to class hours, and the standards are as follows:

　　Deputy senior technical title professionals do not exceed 500 yuan per class;

　　Professional staff with senior technical titles shall not exceed the maximum of 1000 yuan per class hour;

　　Academicians and nationally renowned experts generally do not exceed 1,500 yuan per class hour.

　　This standard is reduced by half compared with the standard stipulated in the 2014 version of the method. At the same time, it is stipulated that the lecture fee shall be calculated according to the actual class hours, with a maximum of 4 class hours per half day. If multiple classes are taught at the same time, the lecture fee will not be calculated repeatedly.

　　No fees may be passed on to the trainees, and offenders will be transferred to judicial organs.

　　In terms of training plan management, the new method, while reiterating that the annual training plan of each unit is reported to the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Finance and the State Civil Service Bureau for the record, emphasizes that the temporarily added training items must be reported to the main responsible comrades of the unit for approval, and provide the approval materials for the main responsible comrades of the unit when reimbursing. At the same time, in the supervision and inspection, the content of "whether the temporary increase training plan is reported to the main responsible comrades of the unit for approval" has been added.

　　In terms of training organization and management, the new method emphasizes that "whoever holds the training will bear the cost" while reaffirming six "no" and five "no" prohibitions on training contents, meals, activities, etc., and it is forbidden to charge participants, transfer and apportion training expenses, and increase the content of supervision and inspection on whether there is extravagance and waste.

　　It is understood that the Central Organization Department, the Ministry of Finance, the State Civil Service Bureau and other relevant departments will supervise and inspect the training activities of various units and the management and use of training fees. For violations of the new measures found in the inspection, the relevant departments will order them to make corrections, recover funds and notify them; The relevant responsible personnel shall be given disciplinary sanctions according to regulations; Those suspected of violating the law shall be handed over to judicial organs for handling.

　　Official standard of travel expenses: National staff stay in Beijing for one night without exceeding 500 yuan.

　　The Detailed List of Accommodation Standards for Staff of Central and State Organs Traveling to Local Areas, which came into effect in May 2016, stipulates that the accommodation standard for ministerial officials traveling to Beijing is limited to 1,100 yuan per day, while that for bureau-level officials is limited to 650 yuan and that for others is limited to 500 yuan per day. Ministerial officials go to Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Liaoning, Dalian, Jilin and other places, and the daily limit of accommodation fee is mostly 800 yuan.

　　In Zhangjiakou City, Hebei Province, Qinhuangdao City, Sanya City, Hainan Province and other places, during the peak season, the maximum daily limit of accommodation for ministerial officials on business trips rose to 1,200 yuan. The specific implementation standards are as follows ↓ ↓

　　　　Carry out clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment in an all-round way, promote the transformation from "nutritional diet support" to "clinical nutrition treatment", and provide strong support for patients to speed up rehabilitation, shorten hospitalization time and save medical expenses.

　　　　With the increasing demand for nutritional treatment in clinical diagnosis and treatment, and to better meet the diversified and personalized medical and health needs of the masses, in 2017, the General Office of the State Council issued the National Nutrition Plan (2017-2030), requiring medical institutions to establish a sound clinical nutrition work system, carry out nutrition screening, nutrition evaluation, nutrition diagnosis and nutrition treatment for inpatients, promote the prevention and treatment of nutrition-related chronic diseases, and promote formula food for special medical purposes (FSMP).

　　　　Over the years, based on professional development and discipline construction, the Clinical Nutrition Department of Mianyang Central Hospital in Sichuan Province has carried out clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment in an all-round way, promoting the transformation from "nutritional diet support" to "clinical nutrition treatment", which has provided strong support for patients to speed up rehabilitation, shorten hospitalization time and save medical expenses.

　　　　From nutritional support to nutritional therapy

　　　　Chen Lan (pseudonym), 77 years old, suffered from repeated nausea and vomiting due to acute severe pancreatitis. When he went to the hepatobiliary surgery department of Mianyang Central Hospital, he had been fasting for more than 20 days. His body nutrition was maintained by parenteral nutrient solution infusion, and his weight dropped to 36 kg.

　　　　"Intestinal function has been damaged, which is not conducive to the recovery of the disease." Dong Yang, the nutritionist in charge of the clinical nutrition department of the hospital, after consultation, placed a nasointestinal tube according to his illness and nutritional status, and infused pre-digested enteral nutrition preparation for enteral nutrition treatment. At the same time, daily nutritional rounds, monitoring nutritional status, timely adjust the dose.

　　　　After more than 20 days, Chen Lan’s physical condition gradually improved, from nasointestinal tube intake to oral intake, and her daily food intake also increased, and her weight increased by 6 kg.

　　　　In recent years, in the process of disease prevention, treatment and rehabilitation, the role of nutritional therapy has become increasingly prominent, and the development of clinical nutrition has also entered the fast lane.

　　　　However, as a new discipline formed by the cross-integration of clinical medicine and nutrition, many people don’t know much about clinical nutrition therapy, and their cognition and orientation also stay in patient meal service.

　　　　In this regard, the clinical nutrition department of Mianyang Central Hospital pays attention to the combination of propaganda and practice, and takes many measures to improve the nutritional status of patients, improve the immunity of the body and promote the healing and rehabilitation of injuries.

　　　　On the basis of providing nutritional dietary services, the clinical nutrition department carries out nutritional risk screening, nutritional status evaluation, nutritional consultation, nutritional rounds, nutritional consultation, enteral and parenteral nutrition treatment, etc., not only to do a good job in dietary support, but also to participate in clinical nutritional treatment.

　　　　Through the establishment of cooperation mechanism with clinical departments, department nutritionists go deep into clinical departments and wards in different regions, consult with doctors, dynamically evaluate patients’ nutritional status, conduct precise intervention and individual guidance, and do a good job of patient nutrition "mentor" and individualized nutritional preparation "preparer" with heart.

　　　　At the same time, we actively participated in a number of Multidisciplinary Collaboration Groups (MDT) in the hospital and set up a nutrition support group, which truly realized the clinical diagnosis and treatment with nutrition and effectively promoted the rapid recovery of patients.

　　　　Informatization empowerment extension service

　　　　In order to comprehensively improve the coverage of clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment for inpatients, in recent years, medical institutions at all levels have begun to extend the clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment model to informationization.

　　　　How to support the efficient operation of clinical work with informatization? In 2022, Mianyang Central Hospital organized consultation among medical department, nursing department, information department, charging department and medical insurance department, and established an information process of "nutrition screening-nutrition assessment-nutrition diagnosis-nutrition treatment" in the hospital.

　　　　Specifically, nurses screen the newly hospitalized patients through the patient nutrition risk screening form and enter it into the system. Clinicians will immediately initiate consultation with nutritionists for patients with a total score of ≥3 according to the scores of various indicators in the form, and nutritionists will evaluate the nutritional status of patients and carry out nutritional diagnosis.

　　　　It can be said that the combing and establishment of the information-based diagnosis and treatment process has achieved full coverage of nutrition screening and evaluation for newly admitted patients.

　　　　In addition, in the face of complex and diverse diseases, clinical nutritional intervention should be effective, and normalized individualized nutritional therapy is essential. According to Kuang Ming, director of the Clinical Nutrition Department, in order to fully meet patients’ individualized nutritional treatment needs, last year, after the information construction of clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment was mature and applied, his department officially opened the 100,000-class air purification enteral nutrition preparation room.

　　　　According to the metabolic characteristics of patients’ diseases, nutritionists can adjust the proportion of preparation formulas every day in the stage of "nutrition intervention" to prepare exclusive individualized enteral nutrition preparations for patients, so as to help patients recover quickly.

　　　　It is worth mentioning that in February last year, Mianyang Central Hospital was successfully selected as the national pilot unit of "Hospital Nutrition Screening, Evaluation, Diagnosis and Treatment Integrated Process Construction" by virtue of its system, function, perfect clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment standardization and information process.

　　　　Expand the team of clinical nutritionists

　　　　Talent is the first driving force of development. In order to strengthen clinical nutrition support and ensure the quality of medical service, Mianyang Central Hospital introduced high-quality professionals, expanded the team of clinical nutritionists in the hospital, and sent nutrition professionals to study abroad to comprehensively improve the team’s ability.

　　　　The clinical nutrition department of our hospital has 7 professional technicians, presided over a provincial scientific research project, undertook a national scientific research sub-project and published more than 20 academic papers.

　　　　As a supporting department of clinical treatment, clinical nutrition department conforms to the new trend of the times and actively seeks new ways of development. In the vertical development, it aims at the level of clinical diagnosis and treatment service ability, revitalizes the construction of talent echelon, and at the same time, it insists on paying equal attention to "medical teaching and research management", promotes technology and service innovation, and leads the integrated development of departments; In the horizontal development, we actively went deep into the clinic, found and solved problems, and successively established several professional development directions, such as surgical nutrition, severe nutrition and tumor nutrition, to comprehensively promote the development of departments.

　　　　In addition to participating in clinical diagnosis and treatment, the clinical nutrition department also offers nutrition consultation clinics to provide nutrition consultation and guidance for non-hospitalized patients; Carry out family nutrition follow-up guidance for discharged patients and provide patients with life-cycle nutrition treatment services; Go into schools and communities, carry out large-scale free nutrition consultation and popular science education, and provide professional nutrition guidance for the public …

　　　　Over the years, the high-quality development of clinical nutrition department has taken solid steps, and the patient’s medical experience has been continuously improved. The hospital has been successively rated as the first sentinel hospital of the National Clinical Nutrition Professional Quality Control Center, the clinical nutrition specialty alliance unit of Huaxi Hospital, the affiliated unit of Mianyang Clinical Nutrition Quality Control Center, and the national clinical nutrition department construction pilot unit.

　　　　Kuang Ming said that the research, teaching and clinical work of clinical nutrition will be carried out in depth, the "Clinical Nutrition Action" will continue to be promoted, the workflow of nutrition diagnosis and treatment will be further improved, the talent echelon and discipline construction will be strengthened, and the service level of clinical nutrition diagnosis and treatment will be continuously improved.

Continue reading »