(2007yearfourmoonfiveDecreeNo. of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China492No. announcement　2019yearfourmoonthreeDecreeNo. of the State Council of the People’s Republic of China711No. revision)

Chapter I General Principles

the first　These Regulations are formulated in order to ensure that citizens, legal persons and other organizations obtain government information according to law, improve the transparency of government work, build a government ruled by law, and give full play to the service role of government information in people’s production, life and economic and social activities.

the second　The term "government information" as mentioned in these Regulations refers to the information produced or obtained by administrative organs in the process of performing administrative functions, and recorded and preserved in a certain form.

Article　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the organization and leadership of government information disclosure.

The State Council General Office is the competent department in charge of the national government information disclosure, which is responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising the national government information disclosure.

The general office (office) of the local people’s government at or above the county level is the competent department of government information disclosure in this administrative region, and is responsible for promoting, guiding, coordinating and supervising the government information disclosure in this administrative region.

The general office (room) of the department that implements vertical leadership is in charge of the government information disclosure of this system.

Article 4　People’s governments at all levels and people’s government departments at or above the county level shall establish and improve the system of government information disclosure of their administrative organs, and designate institutions (hereinafter referred to as government information disclosure institutions) to be responsible for the daily work of government information disclosure of their administrative organs.

The specific functions of government information disclosure institutions are:

(a) to handle the disclosure of government information of the administrative organ;

(two) to maintain and update the government information disclosed by this administrative organ;

(three) to organize the preparation of the administrative organ’s guide to government information disclosure, the catalogue of government information disclosure and the annual report on government information disclosure;

(four) to organize the review of the government information to be disclosed;

(five) other functions related to the disclosure of government information as prescribed by this administrative organ.

Article 5　The administrative organ shall, when disclosing government information, adhere to the principle of fairness, fairness, legality and convenience, with publicity as the norm and non-disclosure as the exception.

Article 6　The administrative organ shall timely and accurately disclose government information.

If an administrative organ finds false or incomplete information that affects or may affect social stability and disrupt social and economic management order, it shall issue accurate government information for clarification.

Article 7　People’s governments at all levels should actively promote the work of government information disclosure and gradually increase the content of government information disclosure.

Article 8　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the standardization, information management of government information resources, strengthen the construction of government information disclosure platform on the Internet, promote the integration of government information disclosure platform and government service platform, and improve the online processing level of government information disclosure.

Article 9　Citizens, legal persons and other organizations have the right to supervise the government information disclosure work of administrative organs and make criticisms and suggestions.

Chapter II Subject and Scope of Publicity

Article 10　Government information produced by an administrative organ shall be made public by the administrative organ that produced the government information. The government information obtained by the administrative organ from citizens, legal persons and other organizations shall be made public by the administrative organ that keeps the government information; The government information of other administrative organs obtained by administrative organs shall be made public by the administrative organ that produced or originally obtained the government information. Where laws and regulations have other provisions on the authority of government information disclosure, such provisions shall prevail.

If an agency or internal organization established by an administrative organ performs administrative functions in its own name in accordance with laws and regulations, the agency or internal organization may be responsible for the disclosure of government information related to the administrative functions performed.

Government information jointly produced by two or more administrative organs shall be made public by the administrative organ taking the lead.

Article 11　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the coordination mechanism of government information disclosure. If the disclosure of government information by an administrative organ involves other organs, it shall consult and confirm with the relevant organs to ensure the accuracy and consistency of the government information disclosed by the administrative organ.

If the disclosure of government information by administrative organs requires approval in accordance with laws, administrative regulations and relevant provisions of the state, it shall be made public after approval.

Article 12　The guide and catalogue of government information disclosure compiled and published by administrative organs shall be updated in a timely manner.

The guide to government information disclosure includes the classification, arrangement system, acquisition method of government information, and the name, office address, office hours, contact telephone number, fax number and internet contact information of the government information disclosure agency.

The catalogue of government information disclosure includes the index, name, content summary, generation date and other contents of government information.

Article 13　In addition to the government information stipulated in Articles 14, 15 and 16 of this Ordinance, the government information shall be made public.

The administrative organ shall disclose the government information voluntarily and according to the application.

Article 14　Government information determined as state secrets according to law, government information prohibited by laws and administrative regulations, and government information that may endanger national security, public security, economic security and social stability after disclosure shall not be disclosed.

Article 15　Government information involving business secrets, personal privacy and so on, the disclosure of which will damage the legitimate rights and interests of third parties, shall not be disclosed by administrative organs. However, if the third party agrees to make it public or the administrative organ thinks that the unfair meeting has a significant impact on the public interest, it shall be made public.

Article 16　The internal affairs information of administrative organs, including personnel management, logistics management, internal workflow and other aspects of information, can not be disclosed.

The process information such as discussion records, process drafts, consultation letters, request reports and administrative law enforcement file information formed by administrative organs in the process of performing administrative functions may not be made public. Where laws, regulations and rules stipulate that the above information shall be made public, such provisions shall prevail.

Article 17　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the government information disclosure review mechanism, and clarify the review procedures and responsibilities.

The administrative organ shall examine the government information to be disclosed in accordance with the Law of People’s Republic of China (PRC) on Guarding State Secrets and other laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

If the administrative organ cannot determine whether the government information can be made public, it shall report it to the relevant competent department or the secrecy administrative department for determination in accordance with laws, regulations and relevant provisions of the state.

Article 18　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the dynamic adjustment mechanism of government information management, regularly evaluate and review the government information that the administrative organ does not disclose, and disclose the government information that can be disclosed due to changes in the situation.

Chapter III Active Publicity

Article 19　The administrative organ shall take the initiative to disclose the government information that involves the adjustment of public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs the public to participate in decision-making.

Article 20　The administrative organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 19 of these regulations, voluntarily disclose the following government information of the administrative organ:

(1) Administrative regulations, rules and normative documents;

(two) the functions, organization, office address, office hours, contact information and the name of the person in charge;

(three) national economic and social development planning, special planning, regional planning and related policies;

(4) Statistical information on national economic and social development;

(five) the basis, conditions, procedures and results of handling administrative licensing and other external management services;

(six) the basis, conditions and procedures for the implementation of administrative punishment and administrative coercion, and the administrative punishment decision that this administrative organ considers to have certain social impact;

(seven) financial budget and final accounts information;

(eight) administrative fees and their basis and standards;

(nine) the catalogue, standards and implementation of centralized government procurement projects;

(ten) the approval and implementation of major construction projects;

(eleven) policies, measures and their implementation in poverty alleviation, education, medical care, social security and employment promotion;

(twelve) emergency plan, early warning information and response to public emergencies;

(thirteen) the supervision and inspection of environmental protection, public health, production safety, food and medicine, and product quality;

(fourteen) the positions, places, conditions and employment results of civil servants;

(fifteen) other government information that should be voluntarily disclosed by laws, regulations, rules and relevant provisions of the state.

Article 21　In addition to the government information specified in Article 20 of these regulations, the people’s governments at the municipal and county levels and their departments with districts shall, according to local specific conditions, voluntarily disclose government information related to municipal construction, public services, public welfare undertakings, land expropriation, housing expropriation, public security management, social assistance, etc. The township (town) people’s government should also take the initiative to openly implement government information on agricultural and rural policies, the construction and operation of irrigation and water conservancy projects, the transfer of rural land contractual management rights, the use of homesteads, land expropriation, housing expropriation, fund-raising and labor, social assistance, etc. according to local specific conditions.

Article 22　The administrative organ shall, in accordance with the provisions of Article 20 and Article 21 of these regulations, determine the specific content of voluntary disclosure of government information, and continuously increase the content of voluntary disclosure according to the deployment of the higher administrative organ.

Article 23　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the government information release mechanism, and publicize the government information voluntarily through government gazette, government website or other Internet government media, press conference, newspapers, radio and television.

Article 24　People’s governments at all levels should strengthen the work of publicizing government information by relying on government portals, and use a unified government information disclosure platform to release government information that is voluntarily disclosed. The government information disclosure platform should have the functions of information retrieval, consulting and downloading.

Article 25　People’s governments at all levels shall set up government information consulting places in national archives, public libraries and government service places, and provide corresponding facilities and equipment to facilitate citizens, legal persons and other organizations to obtain government information.

The administrative organ may, according to the needs, set up places and facilities such as public consulting rooms, information access points, information bulletin boards and electronic information screens to disclose government information.

The administrative organ shall provide the government information voluntarily disclosed to the National Archives and public libraries in a timely manner.

Article 26　The government information that belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure shall be from the date when the government information is formed or changed.twentyMake it public in time within working days. Where there are other provisions in laws and regulations on the time limit for the disclosure of government information, such provisions shall prevail.

Chapter IV Disclosure by Application

Article 27　In addition to the government information voluntarily disclosed by administrative organs, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may apply to local people’s governments at all levels and people’s government departments at or above the county level that perform administrative functions in their own names (including the dispatched offices and internal institutions as stipulated in the second paragraph of Article 10 of these Regulations) for obtaining relevant government information.

Article 28　The administrative organ prescribed in Article 27 of these Regulations shall establish and improve the application channels for government information disclosure, and provide convenience for applicants to apply for access to government information according to law.

Article 29　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that apply for access to government information shall submit their applications to the government information disclosure agencies of administrative organs in written form including letters and data messages; If it is really difficult to use a written form, the applicant may make an oral proposal, and the government information disclosure agency that accepts the application will fill in the application for government information disclosure.

The application for government information disclosure shall include the following contents:

(1) The name, identity certificate and contact information of the applicant;

(two) the name and document number of the government information applied for disclosure or other characteristic descriptions that are convenient for administrative organs to inquire;

(three) the form requirements of the government information to be disclosed, including the ways and means of obtaining the information.

Article 30　If the content of the application for government information disclosure is not clear, the administrative organ shall give guidance and explanation, and from the date of receiving the application.sevenInform the applicant to make corrections at one time within working days, and explain the matters that need to be corrected and the reasonable time limit for correction. The time limit for reply shall be counted from the date when the administrative organ receives the application for correction. If the applicant fails to make corrections within the time limit without justifiable reasons, it shall be deemed as giving up the application, and the administrative organ will no longer handle the application for government information disclosure.

Article 31　The time when an administrative organ receives an application for government information disclosure shall be determined in accordance with the following provisions:

(1) If the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure in person, the date of submission shall be the date of receipt of the application;

(two) if the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure by mail, the date of receipt by the administrative organ shall be the date of receipt of the application; Where an application for disclosure of government information is submitted by mail without receipt, such as ordinary letters, the government information disclosure agency shall confirm with the applicant on the day of receiving the application, and the date of confirmation shall be the day of receiving the application;

(3) If the applicant submits an application for government information disclosure through the Internet channel or the fax of the government information disclosure agency, the date of confirmation by both parties shall be the date of receipt of the application.

Article 32　If the disclosure of government information in accordance with the application will harm the legitimate rights and interests of third parties, the administrative organ shall solicit the opinions of the third parties in writing. The third party shall, from the date of receiving the request for comments,15Put forward opinions within working days. If the third party fails to make comments within the time limit, the administrative organ shall decide whether to make it public in accordance with the provisions of these regulations. If the third party does not agree to the disclosure with reasonable reasons, the administrative organ shall not disclose it. If the administrative organ believes that non-disclosure may have a significant impact on public interests, it may decide to make it public, and inform the third party in writing of the contents and reasons of the government information decided to make it public.

Article 33　If an administrative organ receives an application for government information disclosure and can reply on the spot, it shall reply on the spot.

If the administrative organ cannot reply on the spot, it shall, from the date of receiving the application.twentyGive a reply within working days; If it is necessary to extend the reply period, it shall be agreed by the person in charge of the government information disclosure work institution and inform the applicant, and the longest extension period shall not exceed.twentyWorking days.

The time required for an administrative organ to solicit opinions from third parties and other organs shall not be counted within the time limit specified in the preceding paragraph.

Article 34　Where the government information applied for disclosure is jointly produced by two or more administrative organs, the administrative organ leading the production may solicit the opinions of the relevant administrative organs after receiving the application for government information disclosure, and the organ consulted shall, from the date of receiving the solicitation opinions.15Put forward opinions within working days, and those who fail to put forward opinions within the time limit shall be deemed to agree to the disclosure.

Article 35　The number and frequency of the applicant’s application for disclosure of government information obviously exceed the reasonable range, and the administrative organ may require the applicant to explain the reasons. If the administrative organ considers that the application reason is unreasonable, it shall inform the applicant not to handle it; If the administrative organ considers that the application reason is reasonable, but it is unable to reply to the applicant within the time limit stipulated in Article 33 of these regulations, it may determine a reasonable time limit for delaying the reply and inform the applicant.

Article 36　The administrative organ shall make a reply to the application for government information disclosure according to the following circumstances:

(1) If the information applied for has been voluntarily disclosed, inform the applicant of the ways and means to obtain the government information;

(2) If the information applied for is open, provide the applicant with the government information, or inform the applicant of the way, way and time to obtain the government information;

(three) if the administrative organ decides not to make it public according to the provisions of these regulations, it shall inform the applicant that it will not make it public and explain the reasons;

(4) If there is no public information applied for after retrieval, inform the applicant that the government information does not exist;

(5) Inform the applicant and explain the reasons if the information applied for is not disclosed by the administrative organ; If the administrative organ responsible for disclosing the government information can be determined, inform the applicant of the name and contact information of the administrative organ;

(six) the administrative organ has made a reply to the applicant’s application for the disclosure of government information, and the applicant has repeatedly applied for the disclosure of the same government information, and informed the applicant not to repeat the treatment;

(seven) the information applied for public information belongs to industrial and commercial, real estate registration information and other information, and the relevant laws and administrative regulations have special provisions on the acquisition of information, and inform the applicant to handle it in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations.

Article 37　If the information applied for disclosure contains contents that should not be disclosed or do not belong to government information, but can be treated differently, the administrative organ shall provide the applicant with the contents of government information that can be disclosed, and explain the reasons for the contents that should not be disclosed.

Article 38　The information provided by the administrative organ to the applicant shall be the government information that has been produced or obtained. Except in accordance with the provisions of article 37 of these regulations, if it is necessary for the administrative organ to process and analyze the existing government information, the administrative organ may not provide it.

Article 39　Where the applicant conducts letters, visits, complaints, reports and other activities in the form of an application for government information disclosure, the administrative organ shall inform the applicant that it will not be treated as an application for government information disclosure and may inform it to be submitted through corresponding channels.

If the contents of the application put forward by the applicant are to require the administrative organ to provide government bulletins, newspapers, books and other public publications, the administrative organ may inform the way to obtain them.

Article 40　When an administrative organ discloses government information according to the application, it shall determine the specific form of providing government information according to the requirements of the applicant and the actual situation of the administrative organ’s preservation of government information; If providing government information in the form required by the applicant may endanger the safety of government information carriers or the cost of publicity is too high, it can be provided through electronic data and other appropriate forms, or the applicant can be arranged to consult and copy relevant government information.

Article 41　If citizens, legal persons or other organizations have evidence to prove that the records of government information related to themselves provided by administrative organs are inaccurate, they may request administrative organs to correct them. If the administrative organ that has the right to correct the audit is true, it shall correct it and inform the applicant; If it does not fall within the scope of the functions of the administrative organ, the administrative organ may transfer it to the administrative organ with the right to correct it and inform the applicant, or inform the applicant to submit it to the administrative organ with the right to correct it.

Article 42　The administrative organ shall provide government information according to the application, and shall not charge fees. However, if the number and frequency of the applicant’s application for disclosure of government information obviously exceed a reasonable range, the administrative organ may charge an information processing fee.

The specific measures for administrative organs to collect information processing fees shall be formulated by the competent price department of the State Council in conjunction with the financial department of the State Council and the competent information disclosure department of the national government.

Article 43　Citizens who apply for the disclosure of government information have reading difficulties or audio-visual difficulties, and the administrative organ shall provide them with necessary help.

Article 44　Multiple applicants apply to the same administrative organ for disclosure of the same government information, and the government information can be disclosed, and the administrative organ can be included in the scope of voluntary disclosure.

For the government information disclosed by the administrative organ according to the application, if the applicant thinks that it involves the adjustment of public interests, needs to be widely known by the public or needs the public to participate in decision-making, he may suggest that the administrative organ bring the information into the scope of voluntary disclosure. If the administrative organ considers that it belongs to the scope of voluntary disclosure after examination, it shall make it public in a timely manner.

Article 45　The administrative organ shall establish and improve the working system of registration, examination, handling, reply and filing of government information disclosure applications, and strengthen the work norms.

Chapter V Supervision and Guarantee

Article 46　People’s governments at all levels shall establish and improve the assessment system, social appraisal system and accountability system for government information disclosure, and regularly assess and appraise the government information disclosure.

Article 47　The competent department of government information disclosure shall strengthen the daily guidance, supervision and inspection of government information disclosure, and urge the administrative organ to make rectification or informed criticism if it fails to carry out government information disclosure as required; If it is necessary to investigate the responsibility of the responsible leaders and the directly responsible personnel, it shall put forward suggestions to the competent authorities according to law.

Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that the administrative organ fails to voluntarily disclose government information as required or fails to respond to the application for government information disclosure according to law may submit it to the competent department of government information disclosure. If the competent department of government information disclosure verifies that it is true, it shall urge rectification or informed criticism.

Article 48　The competent department of government information disclosure shall regularly train the government information disclosure staff of administrative organs.

Article 49　The people’s government departments at or above the county level shall, every yearonemoon31A few days ago, the annual report on the government information disclosure work of the administrative organ in the previous year was submitted to the competent department of government information disclosure work at the same level and announced to the public.

The competent department of government information disclosure of local people’s governments at or above the county level shall, every yearthreemoon31A few days ago, the annual report of the government information disclosure work of the government at the same level in the previous year was announced to the public.

Article 50　The annual report on government information disclosure shall include the following contents:

(a) the situation of the administrative organ’s voluntary disclosure of government information;

(two) the administrative organ receives and processes the application for government information disclosure;

(three) the situation of being applied for administrative reconsideration and bringing an administrative lawsuit because of the government information disclosure work;

(four) the main problems existing in the government information disclosure work and the improvement, and the annual report of the government information disclosure work of the people’s governments at all levels shall also include the results of work assessment, social appraisal and accountability;

(5) Other matters that need to be reported.

The national competent department of government information disclosure shall publish the unified format of the annual report on government information disclosure and update it in a timely manner.

Article 51　Citizens, legal persons or other organizations that administrative organs infringe upon their legitimate rights and interests in the work of government information disclosure may complain and report to the administrative organ at the next higher level or the competent department of government information disclosure, or apply for administrative reconsideration or bring an administrative lawsuit according to law.

Article 52　In violation of the provisions of these regulations, the administrative organ fails to establish and improve the relevant systems and mechanisms for government information disclosure, and the administrative organ at the next higher level shall order it to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the responsible leaders and persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law.

Article 53　Administrative organs in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance, one of the following circumstances, the administrative organ at the next higher level shall be ordered to make corrections; If the circumstances are serious, the responsible leaders and persons directly responsible shall be punished according to law; If the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to law:

(a) do not perform the functions of government information disclosure according to law;

(two) do not update the open government information content, government information disclosure guide and government information disclosure catalogue in a timely manner;

(three) other circumstances in violation of the provisions of this Ordinance.

Chapter VI Supplementary Provisions

Article 54　These Regulations shall apply to the activities of organizations authorized by laws and regulations with the function of managing public affairs to disclose government information.

Article 55　Education, health, water supply, power supply, gas supply, heating, environmental protection, public transportation and other public enterprises and institutions closely related to the interests of the people, make public the information produced and obtained in the process of providing social public services, in accordance with the relevant laws and regulations and the provisions of the relevant competent departments or institutions in the State Council. The competent department of information disclosure of the national government may formulate special provisions according to actual needs.

If the public enterprises and institutions specified in the preceding paragraph fail to disclose the information produced and obtained in the process of providing social public services in accordance with the relevant laws, regulations and the provisions of the relevant competent departments or institutions in the State Council, citizens, legal persons or other organizations may appeal to the relevant competent departments or institutions, and the departments or institutions that accept the appeal shall promptly investigate and handle it and inform the complainant of the handling results.

Article 56　This Ordinance since2019yearfivemoon15It will be implemented on the day.

　　How to continue the Chinese historical context by casting the soul with literature? How to innovate and develop cultural inheritance by promoting literature and industry?

　　"Chinese-style modernization gives Chinese civilization modern strength, and Chinese civilization gives Chinese-style modernization a profound foundation." On June 2 last year, at the symposium on cultural heritage and development, General Secretary of the Supreme Leader made a comprehensive, systematic and in-depth exposition on a series of major theoretical and practical issues of Chinese cultural heritage and development from the overall strategic height of the development of the cause of the party and the state.

　　During the year, the Supreme Leader visited the ancient city, explored the cultural context, and looked at the intangible cultural heritage, constantly searching for the answer of the times "Why China" and leading China to take the road of cultural inheritance.

　　Guard the root vein

　　Take the road of ancient city protection

　　Tianjin Ancient Culture Street, known as the "hometown of Jinmen", is the earliest gathering place of economy, culture and commerce in Tianjin.

　On the afternoon of February 1, 2024, when the Supreme Leader visited Tianjin Ancient Culture Street, he interacted with the store staff and the people on the spot. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xie Huanchi photo

　　On the afternoon of February 1st this year, the Supreme Leader came to Tianjin Guwen Street, and successively went into the specialty shops of Guifaxiang 18th Street, such as Mahua, Guorenzhang, Clay Fighter Zhang and Yangliuqing New Year Pictures, to learn about product types, sales and the inheritance and development of traditional culture.

　　During the inspection, the Supreme Leader pointed out that Chinese modernization is inseparable from the inheritance and promotion of excellent traditional culture. Tianjin is a city with distinctive features and charm. It is necessary to protect and make good use of historical and cultural blocks to make them shine in the construction of a modern metropolis.

　　Tianjin has preserved a large number of unique modern architectural communities and historical and cultural blocks, and it is the mission entrusted by the times to protect Tianjin’s unique Tianjin culture.

　　On January 17, 2019, during the inspection in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, the supreme leader came to Liang Qichao’s former residence to listen to the introduction of the protection of Tianjin’s historical and cultural blocks with the exhibition board. He pointed out that we should cherish the historical and cultural heritage of the city, develop in protection and protect in development.

　　Customers watch the performance in Tianjin Time-honored Collection Store. Xinhua News Agency reporter Zhao Zishuo photo

　　Institutional guarantee — — Compilation of Tianjin Historical and Cultural City Protection Plan (2020— 2035), forming an overall protection structure of "one city, two districts, two belts and multiple points"; Normative documents such as the Regulations on the Protection of Historic Buildings in Tianjin were issued to further improve the policy and regulation system for the protection of historic buildings.

　　Innovation empowerment — — Adhere to market-oriented operation, realize the renewal and upgrading of historical and cultural blocks, and explore the formation of the "historic buildings+"model. At the same time, promote the deep integration of culture and tourism formats, markets and products, inject new vitality into old buildings, continue new stories and bring new popularity.

　　Cross-border integration — — Constantly expand consumption scenes, create parallel reality digital immersion projects, build IP matrix of historical and cultural blocks with high standards, and build a platform for online and offline creation of digital cultural tourism.

　　An ancient street and a historical and cultural heritage connect the past, the present and the future, and contain the cultural code of Chinese modernization.

　　Inheriting blood vessels

　　Take the road of non-genetic inheritance

　　Changde River Street, located on the banks of Yuanjiang River, has a long history and was destroyed in Changde Campaign in 1943. In recent years, Changde City has restored the style of Laohe Street and built this place into a historical and cultural block.

　On the morning of March 19th, 2024, when the Supreme Leader visited Changde River Street, he had a cordial exchange with shopkeepers and tourists. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yip Wong photo

　　On March 19th this year, the Supreme Leader came here to inspect all kinds of special snacks, special products and special handicrafts, to have cordial exchanges with shopkeepers and tourists, to appreciate the display of intangible cultural heritage skills, and to learn more about the street restoration and utilization, urban planning and comprehensive management of water environment in Changde Old Town.

　　Strolling along Changde River Street, a giant ink and wash original design attracted the attention of the supreme leader.

　　This work is a woodcarving design created by Pan Nenghui, the non-genetic inheritor of Pan Shi’s artistic woodcarving, based on Shen Congwen’s famous book "Travels in Xiang". He plans to restore it to a giant Toona sinensis gloomy wood with a length of 10 meters in 10 years.

　　"Colorful traditional cultures with local characteristics together constitute a splendid Chinese civilization and also boost economic and social development." When the Supreme Leader visited Changde River Street, he pointed out that Changde is a place with cultural heritage, where the silk strings, high-pitched tunes and trumpets should be inherited and used with appropriate carriers, so as to develop with the times.

　　Pan Nenghui and his wife Hu Meihua show wood carvings in Changde River Street, Hunan Province. Xinhua News Agency reporter Xue Yuxi photo

　　How to make intangible cultural heritage flourish in the new era?

　　In recent years, Changde has made great efforts to explore a new cross-border, cross-domain and cross-industry model of "non-legacy+cultural tourism", "non-legacy+education" and "non-legacy+technology", attracting more than 50 non-legacy teams such as Taoyuan embroidery, hemp painting and Changde woodcarving to settle in Changde River Street, creating a situational and immersive multicultural experience, and integrating the national tide into the daily life of citizens and tourists.

　　At present, there are more than 100,000 non-legacy representative projects at all levels in China, more than 90,000 non-legacy representative inheritors at all levels and more than 6,700 non-legacy workshops.

　　Non-legacy projects are inherited by people, and generations of inheritors advance wave after wave, making the cultural carrier more dynamic.

　　Continuation vein

　　Take the road of civilization inheritance

　　The Great Wall is the largest existing cultural heritage in China, and it is also a window for the world to feel and understand Chinese civilization.

　　On May 14th this year, the Supreme Leader wrote back to the villagers in Shixia Village, Badaling Town, Yanqing District, Beijing, profoundly explaining the unique value of the Great Wall and the great significance of protecting it.

　　"I hope that everyone will continue to work hard for a long time, protect the Great Wall like a home, carry forward the Great Wall culture, tell the story of the Great Wall, drive more people to understand and protect the Great Wall, and pass on this precious wealth left by their ancestors from generation to generation, contributing to building a socialist cultural power and promoting Chinese modernization."

　　The picture shows Badaling Great Wall. Xinhua News Agency reporter Yan Huanzong photo

　　In 2019, the Supreme Leader presided over the ninth meeting of the Central Committee for Comprehensively Deepening Reform, which reviewed and approved the Construction Plan of the Great Wall, the Grand Canal and the Long March National Cultural Park; In 2021, the Planning for the Construction and Protection of the Great Wall National Cultural Park was issued, proposing to make the Great Wall National Cultural Park an important symbol of carrying forward the national spirit and inheriting Chinese civilization.

　　In recent years, the organization and implementation of resource survey, cleaning up the Great Wall to protect the family property; Establish a legal system with the Great Wall Protection Ordinance as the main body and local special regulations as the support; Continue to promote the protection of the Great Wall, and successively approve 289 Great Wall protection and maintenance projects; Intensify inspections and guard the "last mile" of Great Wall protection … … The protection and inheritance of the ancient Great Wall ushered in a new chapter.

　　To protect the Great Wall, we should carry forward the Great Wall culture and tell the story of the Great Wall and China.

　　The frontier fortress epic drama "Xiongguan in the World" brings a visual feast, the Great Wall tourism resources lead the way to prosperity, and the research activities continue to be carried out … … Relying on the cultural resources of the Great Wall, all fields seek development according to local conditions, and continue to write a new chapter in the era of cultural heritage protection.

　　At present, there are 43 world cultural heritages, world cultural and natural dual heritages and 43 world intangible cultural heritages in China. They are scattered on the splendid land, and continue to explore the way of activation and inheritance.

　　— — Digital empowerment makes culture "live". "Vitality Palace", "Panoramic Terracotta Warriors" and "Cloud Tour Dunhuang" have been launched one after another. AI algorithm realizes the restoration of cultural relics and the naked-eye 3D restoration of archaeological sites.

　　— — Innovation and integration make culture "fire". Yue opera Xinlongmen Inn, dance drama The Banquet in Tang Palace, Only the Green, and the movie Chang ‘an Three Wan Li frequently explode. It is hard to get a ticket for the Forbidden City in Beijing and the Mogao Grottoes in Dunhuang, and "going to a city for a museum" is getting hotter and hotter.

　　Today’s China, with the unique language of Chinese culture, shows the world the cultural charm of the ancient oriental civilization.

　　"It is our new cultural mission in the new era to continue to promote cultural prosperity, build a cultural power and build a modern civilization of the Chinese nation at a new starting point." A year ago, the supreme leader made a clear direction for cultural inheritance and development at the forum on cultural inheritance and development.

　　Standing in the new era and looking into the future, the supreme leader solemnly declared: "Chinese modernization is the new life of the old country of the Chinese nation and will surely promote the rejuvenation of Chinese civilization."

　　Cartography: Huang Zhuo

Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 29th-the State Council Press Office released a white paper on Export Control in China on December 29th. The full text is as follows:

Export control in China
(December 2021)
People’s Republic of China (PRC)
the State Council Information Office

catalogue

foreword

I. China’s Basic Position on Export Control

(A) adhere to the overall concept of national security

(2) Conscientiously fulfilling international obligations and commitments.

(3) Actively promoting international cooperation and coordination.

(4) Resolutely oppose the abuse of export control measures

II. Constantly improve the legal system and management system of export control.

(1) Establish and improve the legal system of export control.

(B) Building a coordinated and efficient export control management system

III. Continue to modernize the export control system.

(A) optimize the license management

(B) enhance law enforcement capabilities

(3) Promoting compliance construction.

(4) Fulfilling international obligations

Four, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in export control.

(a) to carry out bilateral exchanges and cooperation.

(2) Strengthen multilateral dialogue and consultation.

Concluding remarks

foreword

Export control refers to prohibiting or restricting the export of dual-use items, military products, nuclear products and other goods, technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation. It is an internationally accepted practice.

Today, the world is experiencing a great change that has never happened in a century. Instability and uncertainty have risen significantly, the international security system and order have been impacted, and world peace is facing multiple challenges and threats. Fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory export control plays an increasingly prominent role in effectively coping with international and regional security risks and challenges under the new situation and safeguarding world peace and development. Countries generally attach great importance to and actively promote export control, and strengthen and standardize export control by establishing and implementing legal systems.

As a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council and the largest country in the world in goods trade and manufacturing, China has been constantly improving its export control governance in line with the principles of safeguarding national security and safeguarding world peace and regional security. In the new era, under the guidance of the supreme leader Socialism with Chinese characteristics Thought in the new era, China adheres to the overall national security concept and more actively integrates into the process of economic globalization. China focuses on building a new open economic system with a higher level and a peaceful China with a higher level, realizing the benign interaction between high-quality development and high-level security, promoting the modernization of the export control system, and achieving new development and achievements in export control governance. China thinks about its responsibility from a global perspective, earnestly fulfills its international obligations, strengthens international exchanges and cooperation, actively participates in international coordination of export control with practical actions, promotes relevant international processes, and joins hands with other countries to build a community of human destiny, thus injecting positive energy into world peace and development.

In order to comprehensively introduce the basic position and policy proposition of China’s export control and enhance the international community’s understanding of China’s export control, this white paper is hereby issued.

I. China’s Basic Position on Export Control

As a responsible big country, China firmly upholds the international system with the United Nations at the core and the international order based on international law, earnestly upholds the authority of international treaties and mechanisms in line with true multilateralism, and actively promotes the development of international export control in the right direction of justice, rationality and non-discrimination.

(A) adhere to the overall concept of national security

In the era of economic globalization, the security of all countries is interrelated and affects each other. China has always adhered to the overall national security concept, coordinated development and security, coordinated opening and security, coordinated traditional security and non-traditional security, coordinated its own security and common security, coordinated the maintenance and shaping of national security, and strived to build an export control system commensurate with China’s international status and compatible with national security and interests. China advocates that all countries should innovate their security concepts and establish a common, comprehensive, cooperative and sustainable global security concept. In particular, big countries should fulfill their obligations as big countries, show their responsibilities as big countries, promote international common security in the field of export control, and jointly build a universally safe community of human destiny.

(2) Conscientiously fulfilling international obligations and commitments.

Maintaining international peace and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation are China’s solemn commitments. China has actively fulfilled its international obligations, extensively learned from international practices, and made great efforts to strengthen and improve its export control system. China resolutely opposes the proliferation of all forms of weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery, and has formed an export control system under the guidance of the Export Control Law, covering dual-use items, military products, nuclear products and other goods, technologies and services related to safeguarding national security and interests and fulfilling international obligations such as non-proliferation.

(3) Actively promoting international cooperation and coordination.

In today’s world, countries are increasingly becoming a community of destiny. The more we face global challenges, the more we need to cooperate to deal with them. China advocates that differences and disputes should be properly resolved through international coordination and cooperation and multilateral mechanisms, so that all countries can become partners of mutual trust and equal cooperation. At present, the reform of the global governance system is at a turning point in history. China advocates that the international coordination of export control should effectively increase the representation of emerging market countries and developing countries, better realize the equality of rights, opportunities and rules in international cooperation, reflect the wishes and interests of most countries in a more balanced way, and jointly create an international environment of peace, stability, equality, mutual trust and win-win cooperation.

(4) Resolutely oppose the abuse of export control measures

No country or region should abuse export control measures, unreasonably impose discriminatory restrictive measures, implement double standards on non-proliferation, or even push multilateral mechanisms related to export control towards discrimination and exclusivity. The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction (hereinafter referred to as the Biological Weapons Convention) and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction (hereinafter referred to as the Chemical Weapons Convention), as well as a series of resolutions of the General Assembly and the United Nations Security Council, all stipulate that all countries can fully enjoy peaceful uses without discrimination. China maintains that export control should abide by the principles of fairness, reasonableness and non-discrimination, and should not harm the legitimate rights and interests of other countries in the peaceful use of export-controlled items, and should not set obstacles to the peaceful use of scientific and technological progress to promote development, normal international scientific and technological exchanges and economic and trade cooperation, and the safe and smooth operation of the global industrial chain supply chain. China called on all countries to effectively control the risks and threats related to export control and create a safe environment conducive to economic and social development, while actively promoting the inclusive sharing of scientific and technological development and constantly enhancing the well-being of all mankind.

II. Constantly improve the legal system and management system of export control.

China adheres to the basic strategy of governing the country according to law in an all-round way, not only based on China’s national conditions, but also drawing lessons from foreign beneficial experience, constantly improving the legal system of export control, perfecting the management system of export control, and providing the rule of law and institutional guarantee for export control.

(1) Establish and improve the legal system of export control.

Since the reform and opening up, the internal and external environment of China’s economic development has undergone profound changes, the socialist market economic system has been continuously improved, and the level of legalization of export control has been continuously improved. Since the 1990s, China has successively promulgated six administrative regulations, including Regulations on the Management of Controlled Chemicals, Regulations on Nuclear Export Control, Regulations on the Export of Military Products, Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-use Nuclear Goods and Related Technologies, Regulations on the Export Control of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies, and Regulations on the Export Control of Dual-use Biological Goods and Related Equipment and Technologies. The Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the State Atomic Energy Agency, the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission and other relevant departments have issued dozens of departmental regulations and related normative documents to refine the provisions on export control matters, including specific provisions on specific items, specific provisions on license management and law enforcement supervision, and relevant documents for implementing relevant UN Security Council resolutions.

In October 2020, China promulgated the Export Control Law, which clearly defined the export control system, control measures and international cooperation, and established the basic institutional framework and rules for export control policies, control lists, temporary controls, control lists, supervision and management. On the basis of summing up the practical experience of China’s export control, the Export Control Law is a law to guide China’s export control work according to the changes of the situation and drawing lessons from international common practices. It makes comprehensive arrangements for China’s export control system and ensures the full coverage of controlled items, applicable subjects and control links. Since the promulgation of the Export Control Law, in order to ensure the effective implementation of various systems, the state export control administrative department has actively carried out the work of "changing the relevant supporting regulations and departmental rules" to ensure the efficient connection between various fields of the export control legal system. In addition to the Export Control Law, laws such as the Foreign Trade Law, the National Security Law, the Data Security Law, the Nuclear Security Law, the Customs Law, the Administrative Licensing Law, the Administrative Punishment Law and the Criminal Law also provide a strong legal basis for the implementation of export control measures and other related work. At present, China has basically formed an export control legal system which is connected with laws, administrative regulations and departmental rules, with distinct levels and coordinated structure, laying a solid legal foundation for building a modern export control system with China characteristics.

(B) Building a coordinated and efficient export control management system

Export control involves many departments in the State Council and the Central Military Commission (CMC). The state has established and improved the working mechanism of export control and defined the division of labor among various departments, which has provided a solid institutional guarantee for export control.

Management system for export control of dual-use items. The export of nuclear dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the National Atomic Energy Agency. The export of biological dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, the State Health and Wellness Commission and other departments as required. The export of chemical dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce. The export of missile dual-use items shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission as required. The export of commercial passwords shall be managed by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Cryptography Administration. The Cryptography Law stipulates that the export control list of commercial passwords shall be formulated and published by the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with the State Cryptography Administration and the General Administration of Customs. To monitor the export of chemicals, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Commerce shall manage the qualification of export operators, and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology shall be responsible for the specific export review.

Military export control management system. Military exports are managed by the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission according to the division of labor. The main management contents include examining and approving military export franchise qualifications, military export projects, military export contracts, issuing military export licenses, formulating relevant business management measures, supervising and managing military export activities, and punishing illegal acts in military export control.

Nuclear export control management system. Nuclear export shall be managed by the State Atomic Energy Agency and the Ministry of Commerce in conjunction with other departments. The nuclear export is exclusively operated by the unit designated by the State Council, and the three principles of nuclear export guarantee for peaceful purposes only, acceptance of IAEA safeguards, and no transfer to a third country without the permission of the China government are resolutely implemented. The administrative department implements a strict examination system for nuclear exports and takes severe punishment measures for illegal acts.

The General Administration of Customs cooperates closely with relevant administrative departments to supervise the export of controlled items according to law, participate in the investigation and handling of relevant illegal export cases, and carry out risk prevention and control, supervision and law enforcement and other related work.

III. Continue to modernize the export control system.

China strictly enforces various laws and regulations on export control, translates its solemn promises into practical actions, and gradually realizes full coverage, full chain and all-round effective supervision based on the system and supported by technology, and builds a modern export control system with scientific design, orderly operation and strong implementation.

(A) optimize the license management

China’s export control widely adopts internationally accepted systems such as license management, end-user and end-use certificate, and general license. China has established an inter-departmental licensing consultation system and a two-level management model, continuously improved the licensing process, continuously enriched the types of licensing management, continuously improved the level of licensing management, effectively promoted the compliance trade of export-controlled items, and optimized the business environment under high-level opening up.

Establish a licensing consultation system to ensure rigorous and accurate review. In the examination of export license for dual-use items, an export control license consultation system involving the Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the State Bureau of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, the National Atomic Energy Agency and the Equipment Development Department of the Central Military Commission was established. Each department has its own duties, division of labor and close cooperation, and examines export applications from the aspects of national security and interests, international obligations, end users and end uses, so as to ensure that relevant exports comply with laws and relevant policies and regulations.

Implement a two-level management model to facilitate licensing applications. China has a vast territory, and enterprises applying for export licenses come from all over the country. China gives overall consideration to the relationship between control and promotion, safeguards and promotes compliant trade, implements a two-level management model in licensing management, and entrusts the relevant departments of the provincial people’s government to provide public services on export control to export operators and assist them in forwarding export applications. The approval result of license examination is transmitted to the export operators and China Customs in the form of online data. In order to improve the level of trade facilitation, since July 2021, the Ministry of Commerce has implemented paperless management of export licenses for dual-use items, realizing the electronic process of business application, business review, license issuance and customs clearance of goods, and shortening the time for obtaining licenses by 5 to 7 days.

Improve licensing management measures and improve the level of precise management. Focus on improving the end-user and end-use certification system and promote multi-level management. Under normal circumstances, export operators are required to provide end-use certificates issued by end users; For export applications with potential risks, it is required to provide end-user and end-use certification documents certified by the government agencies of the countries and regions where the end-users are located and the embassies and consulates of China in relevant countries, or require the government agencies of the countries and regions where the end-users are located to issue end-user and end-use certification documents. China implements general licensing measures to enrich the types of license management. Export operators who have established an internal compliance system for export control and are in good operation can be granted a general license, allowing them to export to multiple countries and regions or multiple end users for multiple times within the validity period. The multi-measures licensing management measures have improved the pertinence and effectiveness of licensing management.

Establish an expert support team to support scientific and efficient management. China attaches great importance to the construction of experts, and clearly establishes and improves the export control expert consultation mechanism in the form of legal provisions. Relevant departments organize experts in the fields of dual-use items, military products and nuclear, and establish a support team of export control experts to assist in making scientific and accurate judgments. Over the years, the team of experts has provided strong support for inventory formulation, license management, supervision and law enforcement, and business consulting. With the increasing demand for specialization in export control, China will continue to increase the input of experts, build a professional team with all fields and fine business, and provide more professional and efficient support for export control in the new era.

(B) enhance law enforcement capabilities

China has continuously improved its export control law enforcement mechanism, expanded its law enforcement methods, enhanced its law enforcement capabilities, gradually improved its authoritative and efficient export control law enforcement system, effectively cracked down on illegal export control activities, and ensured the complete, accurate and strict implementation of export control laws and regulations.

Improve the organization and build a coordinated and powerful law enforcement mechanism. Strengthen the construction of specialized export control institutions of the Ministry of Commerce. In 2014, the Ministry of Commerce set up a full-time export control law enforcement team to be responsible for the construction of export control law enforcement system and case investigation. The Ministry of Commerce, the Ministry of Public Security, the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the General Administration of Customs and other departments have strengthened horizontal cooperation in law enforcement, and have cooperated vertically with relevant departments of provincial people’s governments in law enforcement. The horizontal and vertical law enforcement cooperation system of various departments and localities has formed a strict law enforcement grid, which provides a strong organizational mechanism guarantee for China’s export control law enforcement, and better solves the problems of China’s export control law enforcement, such as wide territory, wide field and difficult investigation.

Broaden the means and measures to enhance the deterrence of law enforcement supervision. Constantly improve the ability of export control law enforcement, in addition to authorizing law enforcement departments to conduct on-the-spot inspections, inquiries and investigations, access to information and other basic law enforcement means, it also gives law enforcement departments a variety of means such as sealing up and detaining items involved and inquiring bank accounts. For illegal export operators, law enforcement departments can include their illegal situations in the credit records according to law, effectively enhancing the deterrence of law enforcement. China’s export control law enforcement covers all aspects of export. It not only strictly supervises the export links, but also controls the participation of intermediary services in illegal export, and prohibits relevant institutions and individuals from providing intermediary services such as agency, freight forwarding, customs declaration, third-party e-commerce trading platform and finance for illegal export control activities. China pays attention to the implementation of non-mandatory law enforcement means such as supervision talks and administrative guidance, and implements measures such as prevention, guidance and supervision to ensure the effectiveness of law enforcement.

Promote the use of law enforcement equipment and information technology, and effectively strengthen support capabilities. China increased investment in export control law enforcement equipment and facilities, and China Customs was equipped with specialized equipment for testing radioactive, biological and chemical items, which significantly improved the efficiency of identifying, inspecting and disposing export control items and effectively helped law enforcement personnel to detect illegal exports. China actively improves the application of law enforcement information, and strengthens the exchange and cooperation of information about illegal export activities among law enforcement and management agencies. China attaches great importance to the statistical analysis of information data of illegal export control cases, realizes the comprehensive application function of basic information such as enterprises involved and cases, and improves the information support. Export control law enforcement agencies regularly conduct comprehensive policies and regulations, item identification and law enforcement skills training for law enforcement officials to enhance law enforcement capabilities.

(3) Promoting compliance construction.

China attaches great importance to the construction of export control compliance, adheres to the principle of "government guidance, enterprise-oriented, multi-party linkage", lays a solid legal foundation, improves the policy framework, conducts publicity and training, and promotes the construction of export control compliance to achieve positive results.

Strengthen the guarantee of the rule of law. Pay attention to consolidating the rule of law foundation of compliance construction. The Export Control Law clearly states that China government departments will issue export control guidelines for relevant industries in a timely manner to guide export operators to establish and improve the internal compliance system of export control to standardize their operations. Make clear the incentive measures, and give convenience measures such as general license to export operators who have established an internal compliance system for export control and are in good operation. In the form of law, China provides legal protection for the government to effectively guide the export control compliance construction, and provides legal basis for enterprises to establish and improve the internal compliance system.

Strengthen policy guidelines. In 2007, the Ministry of Commerce issued the first guidance on the establishment of internal export control mechanism for enterprises engaged in dual-use items and technologies. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce revised and issued the Guiding Opinions of the Ministry of Commerce on Establishing an Internal Compliance Mechanism for Export Control of Dual-use Items, which expanded the compliance elements to nine, including formulating a policy statement, establishing an organization, conducting a comprehensive risk assessment, establishing a review procedure, formulating emergency measures, conducting education and training, improving compliance auditing, keeping data files and compiling a management manual. The Internal Compliance Guide for Export Control of Dual-Use Items was added to provide more detailed guidance and scenario reference. In the nuclear field, China has issued documents such as guidelines for the construction of nuclear import and export compliance management mechanism.

Strengthen public services. Attach great importance to the publicity and training of export control compliance, continuously increase publicity efforts, and improve the compliance level of the whole society. Governments at all levels go deep into enterprise research and discussion, carry out training in key areas, consolidate the awareness of export control compliance, and cultivate an export control compliance culture. In recent years, more than 20 training and discussion exchanges in various forms have been held annually, with about 30,000 participants. In 2021, the Ministry of Commerce launched the construction of an export control information service platform, and strengthened its guidance and services. Actively guide business associations, intermediaries, expert think tanks and other social resources to carry out export control compliance research, provide consulting services, and jointly participate in export control compliance construction.

(4) Fulfilling international obligations

China has always advocated the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of weapons of mass destruction such as nuclear weapons, biological weapons and chemical weapons, resolutely opposed the proliferation of such weapons and their means of delivery, and did not support, encourage or help any country to develop weapons of mass destruction and their means of delivery. China is committed to regulating the trade in conventional weapons, cracking down on illegal arms trafficking and alleviating the humanitarian problems caused by the abuse of conventional weapons. China firmly upholds the authority and validity of relevant international treaties, strictly fulfills its international obligations and safeguards international and regional peace and stability.

In the nuclear field, China joined the International Atomic Energy Agency in 1984, and signed the Agreement between People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the International Atomic Energy Agency on the Application of Safeguards in China in 1988, and voluntarily placed its civil nuclear facilities under IAEA safeguards. In 1992, China acceded to the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. China actively participated in the negotiations on the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty in the Geneva Conference on Disarmament, and made an important contribution to the conclusion of the Treaty, which was first signed in 1996. In October 1997, China joined the Zangger Committee. In 1998, China signed an additional protocol on strengthening the safeguards of the International Atomic Energy Agency, and formally completed the domestic legal procedures for the entry into force of the additional protocol in early 2002, becoming the first nuclear-weapon state to complete the above procedures. In June 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group, actively participated in the related affairs of the Group and fulfilled its rights and obligations.

In the biological field, China joined the Biological Weapons Convention in 1984 and has always strictly fulfilled its obligations under the Convention. China has always submitted the declaration materials on the implementation of confidence-building measures on time, deeply participated in the convention review process, actively put forward multilateral initiatives in the fields of regulating biological scientific research activities, global allocation of biotechnology and resources, actively provided public products to the international community in the fields of strengthening the safety of biological laboratories, continuously strengthened the export control of dual-use biological products and related equipment and technologies, and revised the control list in time. China advocates promoting the positive results of the review process of the Convention, especially the negotiation and formulation of a legally binding verification protocol, so as to comprehensively enhance the effectiveness of the Convention.

In the chemical field, China has made positive contributions to the conclusion of the Chemical Weapons Convention. In January 1993, China signed the Convention. In April 1997, China submitted its instrument of ratification and became an original party to the Convention. China firmly supports the aims and objectives of the Convention and urges all parties to strictly fulfill their obligations and implement the provisions of the Convention in a balanced and effective manner. Since the entry into force of the Convention, China has promulgated domestic implementation legislation, set up specialized implementation agencies, submitted various annual announcements on time and completely, and strictly accepted relevant inspections by the OPCW. In 2020, China completed the domestic legislative procedures for adding Schedule 1 chemicals to the 24th Conference of States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention within the time limit stipulated in the Convention.

In the field of missiles, China supports the efforts made by the international community to prevent the proliferation of missiles and related items and technologies, and has a positive and open attitude towards international suggestions on strengthening the missile non-proliferation mechanism. Drawing on the export control practices of many countries, China promulgated and implemented the Regulations on Export Control of Missiles and Related Items and Technologies, which provided a legal basis for the export of items and technologies in China’s missile field. China has also actively participated in relevant international exchanges and cooperation and made joint efforts to prevent ballistic missile proliferation.

In the field of military products, China actively participated in the negotiation of the Arms Trade Treaty and made important contributions to its conclusion. In September 2019, China announced the initiation of domestic legal procedures related to its accession to the Arms Trade Treaty. In July 2020, China formally joined the Arms Trade Treaty. As a State party to the Treaty, China firmly supports the aims and objectives of the Treaty, fully fulfills its obligations under the Treaty, and is willing to work with other States parties to standardize the conventional arms trade, promote the universality and effectiveness of the Treaty, and improve the global governance of the arms trade.

Four, actively carry out international exchanges and cooperation in export control.

China has always attached importance to and actively carried out international exchanges and cooperation in export control, promoted mutual trust, dispelling doubts, learning from each other, promoted international coordination of export control, promoted compliance trade of export control items, and made China contributions to enhancing the fairness and openness of international export control.

(a) to carry out bilateral exchanges and cooperation.

On the basis of mutual respect, equality and mutual benefit, China actively conducts bilateral exchanges and cooperation on export control, enhances mutual trust through dialogue and consultation, embodies China’s open and cooperative attitude, and promotes mutual benefit and win-win bilateral cooperation.

Actively promote the compliance trade of export controlled items. China has established intergovernmental mechanisms with many countries and regions, and conducted intergovernmental consultations, seminars, dialogues with enterprises and other activities to exchange experiences and practices. Maintain dialogue with relevant national export control authorities and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in the field of export control. China signed bilateral agreements with Russian and other countries, and issued End User and End Use Notes to promote mutual trust and cooperation.

In-depth bilateral export control and non-proliferation exchanges and cooperation. China and the United States have held several seminars on the identification of export controlled items to enhance technical exchanges in law enforcement. In the nuclear field, China has maintained consultations and exchanges with the United States, Russia, Britain, France, Germany and European Union institutions, and jointly cracked down on illegal activities through information exchange and law enforcement cooperation according to law. In the field of MCCs, China conducts bilateral exchanges and cooperation with other States parties under the framework of the Chemical Weapons Convention, and goes to Germany, Spain, South Korea, Japan and other countries to carry out end-user and end-use verification. China has established consultation mechanisms on strategic security, arms control and non-proliferation with more than 10 countries at the deputy ministerial level and the bureau level, and shared experiences and practices in the field of non-proliferation, which has played an important role in enhancing mutual understanding and cooperation.

In addition to intergovernmental cooperation, China actively supports non-governmental exchanges and cooperation in export control. The Institute of International Trade and Economic Cooperation of the Ministry of Commerce, China Arms Control and Disarmament Association, China Institute of Contemporary International Relations, China Nuclear Energy Industry Association and other institutions actively carry out non-governmental exchanges, academic research and non-governmental international exchanges with research institutions of relevant countries, and deepen understanding and enhance friendship by jointly holding seminars, forums and field visits.

(2) Strengthen multilateral dialogue and consultation.

China attaches importance to maintaining communication and consultation on global issues and unexpected events through the United Nations and multilateral mechanisms in the field of export control, so as to promote world peace and regional security.

China maintains that the United Nations, as the most universal international organization, should play a central role, balance the relationship between non-proliferation and peaceful use, and safeguard the legitimate rights of developing countries in peaceful use of scientific and technological progress. In December 2021, at the initiative of China, the 76th UN General Assembly adopted the resolution "Promoting international cooperation in the peaceful use of science and technology in the field of international security", stressing the importance of peaceful use of science and technology and related international cooperation to economic and social development, and urging countries to remove unreasonable restrictions on the peaceful use of science and technology for developing countries while fulfilling their international obligations of non-proliferation. The adoption of this resolution marks the beginning of an open, inclusive and fair dialogue process under the framework of the General Assembly, which is of great significance to safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of all countries in the peaceful use of science and technology, promoting the universal sharing of scientific and technological progress achievements, and responding to the security challenges brought about by scientific and technological development. It is also helpful to promote the more comprehensive and balanced implementation of international treaties such as the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons, the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and to strengthen cooperation with other member States of existing non-proliferation and export control mechanisms. China will continue to work with all parties to advance the dialogue process under the framework of the General Assembly.

In April 2004, the United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 1540, demanding that all countries strengthen domestic management and export control of weapons of mass destruction and related materials and technologies, and prevent and combat non-state entities from acquiring the above items. This resolution is the first special non-proliferation resolution of the Security Council, which is conducive to promoting and strengthening international cooperation on the basis of international law. China actively supports and participates in the non-proliferation work under the UN framework such as the Security Council 1540 Committee, and actively promotes the comprehensive review process of Security Council resolution 1540. In order to promote the implementation of the resolution in Asia, China and the 1540 Committee of the Security Council held three "Training Courses for National Contact Points of Non-proliferation in the Asia-Pacific Region" in Qingdao, Xi ‘an and Xiamen, China in 2015, 2017 and 2019 respectively.

In 2004, China joined the Nuclear Suppliers Group. China strictly fulfills its obligations as a member, actively participates in "Group" policy consultation, list making and information exchange, and strengthens export control cooperation with other members. China has made corresponding amendments to the Regulations on Nuclear Export Control and the Regulations on Export Control of Dual-use Nuclear Goods and Related Technologies in accordance with the "Group" guidelines, making the acceptance of comprehensive safeguards by importing countries a condition for nuclear export, and keeping pace with the "Group" control list, and regularly revising the export control list.

In 2004, China formally applied to join the Missile Technology Control Regime (MTCR) and maintained communication with it. Five rounds of dialogue sessions were held to exchange and consult on the export control regime, control list, law enforcement and China’s accession in the missile field. China drew lessons from the "system" guidelines and technical annexes when formulating the regulations and lists of missile export control.

China maintained communication and exchanges with Wassenaar Arrangement, and the two sides held five rounds of dialogue sessions to exchange in-depth views on export control principles, lists and "best practices" of conventional weapons and related dual-use items and technologies.

China maintained contact and exchanges with the Australia Group, and the two sides held six rounds of consultations to exchange views on the non-proliferation situation in the biological and chemical fields, the implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention and the Biological Weapons Convention, and the operation of the Australia Group.

China is willing to work with the international community to promote the fairness and openness of multilateral mechanisms related to export control, increase the representativeness and diversity of its members, adhere to the road of unity and cooperation, resist discriminatory practices, work together to deal with various global problems and jointly create a better future for mankind.

Concluding remarks

At present, the international structure has undergone profound changes, and international export control faces many challenges. It is a long way to go to build a world of lasting peace, universal security, common prosperity, openness, tolerance, cleanliness and beauty. Strengthening international cooperation and seeking common security and development require long-term unremitting joint efforts of all countries.

China will adhere to the overall national security concept, constantly promote the export control system and capacity building, strengthen management, strictly enforce the law, promote compliance construction, and effectively respond to the risks and challenges faced under the new situation. China will assume the responsibility of a big country, fulfill its international obligations and commitments, conduct export control exchanges and cooperation, and work with other countries to promote the healthy development of international export control governance and make positive contributions to building a community of human destiny.

[Editor’s note] In recent years, characteristic towns have sprung up everywhere, which is an important starting point to help supply-side reform and rural revitalization. Regrettably, many characteristic towns have become "performance towns", and it is common to emphasize real estate over industry, development over management, and commerce over culture. How to correct the wrong direction and jump out of the development trap?
　
Today, CCTV Online Review published the second article in a series of comments on "There are many strange images in characteristic towns".

Characteristic towns have become an important "key" for the country to crack the urban-rural duality, industrial agglomeration and cultural inheritance. After the flowers bloom everywhere, problems also follow.In some places, under the banner of "small towns", the practice of "enclosure" has become a replica of real estate development.

　Turning to the list of the top 100 real estate enterprises in China, most real estate enterprises are involved in the development and construction of characteristic towns to varying degrees. Under the general environment of stricter regulation and control of real estate, limited financing and tight finance, housing enterprises "spend the winter" and local governments "tighten their belts" are all facing growth pressure. The characteristic towns seem to be "rain from heaven", and some places and housing enterprises are habitually "agitated".
　
Taking the old road of land finance and real estate development and engaging in "fake towns and real estate" is a "good idea". Some places plan characteristic towns with the idea of building industrial parks under the policy dividend of characteristic towns. Developers use the "hat" of characteristic towns to obtain cheap industrial and commercial land and carry out real estate development; In order to make up for the previous investment, we got a lot of high-quality and cheap secondary land from the local government through the first-level land consolidation for development, and made huge profits through the price difference, which pushed up the local housing prices.
　
We should guard against another bubble bursting. Although the early investment and construction of some characteristic towns are inseparable from real estate development, they even need real estate sales and rental. The terrible thing is that the concept of housing enterprises has not changed, and towns have been developed by the way of making money in the past, with emphasis on marketing and light operation, and with stories and concepts, local housing prices have been inflated, which has discouraged enterprises and talents from making money and leaving them, leaving "empty towns" and "ghost towns".
　
The development and management of characteristic towns is a delicate work, but also a slow work, which should be treated with the spirit of "embroidery needle"If you can’t make it, it’s a political achievement. If you screw it up, it’s an experiment. We should scientifically certify and strictly examine and approve characteristic town projects, especially those involving the linkage of primary and secondary land markets and a large number of one-off land purchases, so as to prevent some bad real estate developers from deviating from the original intention of the country to build characteristic towns, exploiting policy loopholes and engaging in real estate in disguise.
　
The development level of characteristic towns in China is still small and new, so it is inevitable to go through the process from "chaos" to "governance" and be prepared for "long-term success".Previously, the regulatory authorities delineated four red lines in the construction of small towns: "strictly guard against government debt risks, strictly control the tendency of real estate, strictly save intensive land, and strictly observe the red line of ecological protection", and also delisted a number of unqualified towns. A town with real vitality is an endogenous cycle of industry, with a unique culture, and the people live and work in peace and contentment. It is by no means a high-rise building or an image project. The process of cultivating characteristic towns must be long-term, which is the result of market choice. If administrative means are not ordered, money cannot be spent.
　
The development of characteristic towns should be guided by the trend, adapted to local conditions, suitable for local customs and humanities, and stand the test of history. In practice, we need to be targeted, focus on the existing industrial base and regional future planning according to the economic characteristics of various places, and selectively carry out pilot projects for the construction of characteristic towns. We should not rush into the horse and start work quickly. We need to make a decision before making a decision, tailor our measures, explore successful experiences through meticulous cultivation, and then gradually spread them out, so that the construction of characteristic towns can truly become an important carrier for high-quality economic development and cultural inheritance.

　　In the first quarter, Guangdong invested 0.31 trillion yuan in real estate development, down 2.7% year-on-year. Among them, investment in commercial housing decreased by 1.2%.

　　Regionally, the investment in real estate development in the core area of the Pearl River Delta decreased by 1.9%, the coastal economic zone decreased by 3.1%, and the northern ecological development zone decreased by 11.1%.

　　annotations

　　1. Interpretation of main indicators

　　Investment completed by real estate development enterprises this year: refers to all the investment completed during the reporting period for housing construction projects, land development projects, public welfare buildings and land purchase fees. This indicator is cumulative data.

　　2. Statistical scope

　　All real estate development and operation legal entities.

　　3. Investigation methods

　　Conduct a comprehensive survey on a monthly basis (except January).

　　4. Division of economic regions

　　The core areas of the Pearl River Delta include 9 prefecture-level cities including Guangzhou, Shenzhen, Zhuhai, Foshan, Huizhou, Dongguan, Zhongshan, Jiangmen and Zhaoqing. The coastal economic belt (east wing and west wing) includes seven prefecture-level cities: Shantou, Shanwei, Chaozhou, Jieyang, Yangjiang, Zhanjiang and Maoming. The northern ecological development zone includes five prefecture-level cities: Shaoguan, Heyuan, Meizhou, Qingyuan and Yunfu.

　　5. Calculation of growth rate

　　In this paper, the year-on-year growth rate of real estate development investment is nominal growth rate.

　　"Langfang City should seize the great opportunity of the coordinated development of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, strengthen the construction of specialized investment teams, further rationalize the investment promotion system and mechanism, and accelerate the introduction of a number of large and good projects that establish cities and counties." On February 8th, the first "Langfang Development Lecture Hall" was held in Langfang City, Hebei Province. The lecturers gave special lectures to more than 6,100 cadres at the township level and above in the city with the theme of "Negotiation Skills for Investment Promotion and Practical Operation of Projects".

　　Recently, Langfang has carried out the "year of project construction" in depth, focusing on attracting investment, strengthening entities, optimizing structure and breaking through innovation to accelerate high-quality development.

　　February 12th, Langfang Airport Economic Zone — The life and health industry cooperation matchmaking meeting of Wuhan Optics Valley Bio-City was successfully held in Wuhan, Hubei Province. The Beijing Innovation Center of Wuhan Optics Valley Bio-City settled in Langfang Airport Economic Zone, and 12 enterprises signed contracts to settle in, with an estimated annual output value of 2.5 billion yuan. This is the practical action of Langfang Airport Economic Zone to create a "new model of integration of production and city and a new cluster of 10 billion industries".

　　Investment promotion can’t wait and can’t be delayed. Langfang city has made great efforts to run out of the acceleration of attracting investment.

　　On February 13th, the Southeast Investment Promotion Center of Bazhou Municipal People’s Government was unveiled in Xiamen, Fujian. The establishment of this center will play a window role for Bazhou to accurately integrate investment promotion resources in southern Fujian and improve investment promotion efficiency.

　　On February 14th, Xianghe County, led by the leaders of four major teams in the county, took the initiative to go out of Langfang, and separately docked more than 50 projects, including Beijing Paul Investment Group Great Health Industrial Park and Guangrongou Intelligent Communication Equipment Production Base Project, and actively contacted the Hebei Provincial Office in Tianjin, Beijing Tongzhou District Investment Promotion Service Center and other departments to strive for the early landing of the projects in Xianghe.

　　… … … …

　　Strive to take the first step and run the first stick. This year, Langfang’s industrial investment promotion has been fully opened. The city adheres to the principle of "going out, please come in", and conducts accurate investment promotion around 16 aspects, including national strategy, modern trade logistics, expanding consumption, key industries, key platforms, major events, and urban construction management and operation. Actively connect with ministries and commissions, connect with central enterprises, Beijing enterprises and well-known private enterprises, implement ten investment promotion actions, establish six investment promotion mechanisms, and promote new breakthroughs in the quantity, scale and quality of investment promotion.

　　"Langfang plans to hold more than 10 major investment promotion activities, more than 100 large and medium-sized investment promotion activities, visit no less than 1,000 enterprises, and strive to negotiate more than 1,500 industrial projects with a capital of more than 50 million yuan and sign more than 800 contracts." Lu Wei, director of Langfang Municipal Bureau of Commerce, said.

　　In mid-February, when we entered the construction site of major projects in Langfang, we could see the construction scenes in full swing everywhere, and the project construction was racing against time.

　　There are many tower cranes and roaring machines in Langfang Airport Economic Zone. On February 11th, the district held a ceremony for the centralized commencement of key projects in the first quarter of 2023, and started nine projects with a total investment of 6.07 billion yuan, covering three leading industries: aviation science and technology services, modern trade logistics and life and health.

　　In Xianghe Economic Development Zone, a large number of new factories are springing up. Key project of Hebei Province invested and constructed by Xianghe Zhonglian Health Industry Development Co., Ltd. — — The construction of Xianghe base in Boyun Rongzhong smart medical industry is hot. The project covers a total area of about 300 mu, with a total investment of 1.3 billion yuan. The 26 enterprises in the fields of life and health and intelligent manufacturing who intend to settle in the park are all from Beijing.

　　When the project is introduced, it has to fall and move. This year, Langfang focused on ten key areas, such as industry, trade and logistics, urban construction, transportation, water conservancy, health, education, culture, tourism, health, agriculture and energy, and enhanced the effectiveness of investment and project construction. The city focuses on solving the problems that restrict the project landing, such as land use indicators, planning adjustment, energy consumption capacity, etc., identifying the blocking points, difficulties and pain points, taking targeted measures to promote the normalization of industrial projects, further streamlining the examination and approval items, optimizing the examination and approval process, strengthening the protection of land, capital, energy, environmental protection and other factors, promoting the project landing to be more efficient and convenient, and creating a good business environment to support the construction of guaranteed projects.

　　Dong Liping, director of the Development and Reform Commission of Langfang City, said that the city will further build and manage the "seven project libraries", improve the four mechanisms of leading the agency, leading the package, observing and training, and evaluating, and carry out activities such as project start-up and observation to ensure that 1,200 projects with an investment of more than 100 million yuan and 270 projects with an investment of more than 1 billion yuan are planned and implemented throughout the year, and more than 360 provincial and municipal key construction projects are implemented, with an investment of more than 65 billion yuan and an investment increase of 7.

　　Recently, the second phase project of Shentong Express North Headquarters Base, located in Daqinghe Park, Gu ‘an High-tech Zone, Langfang, is stepping up construction. Shentong Express North Headquarters Base Project is Shentong’s largest northern hub transshipment center, with a planned daily production capacity of 5 million orders, directly radiating Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Northeast China, Shanxi and other places.

　　"In the process of project construction, relevant departments of the park actively intervened to implement ‘ Nothing bothers you, and you are on call ’ The assistance mechanism has improved the efficiency of project procedures, and solved many difficulties and pain points of enterprises such as supporting road network infrastructure and handling construction procedures in time. At present, the project construction is progressing smoothly and the owners are very satisfied. " Zhang Haifeng, executive deputy director of Daqinghe Park in Gu ‘an High-tech Zone, said.

　　Focusing on the construction goal of "two hubs and three bases" in Langfang, Langfang issued "Several Policies and Measures to Support the Development of Modern Commercial Logistics Industry (Trial)", and issued 14 support and reward measures from six aspects: land support, bonus reward, talent reward, approval support, listing reward and referrer reward, and vigorously introduced modern commercial logistics headquarters enterprises. At the same time, Langfang introduced 25 measures to support the transformation and upgrading of existing logistics enterprises, the development of cross-border electronic commerce industrial parks and the development of cross-border e-commerce enterprises, so as to improve the development quality of modern commercial logistics industry, strengthen service guarantee and optimize the development environment.

　　"This year, Langfang City will further implement the action of improving the quality and efficiency of trade logistics, start six major projects such as logistics hub construction and smart express demonstration, introduce more than 30 well-known cross-border e-commerce enterprises, and more than 10 regional headquarters projects of international trade logistics CBD in the airport economic zone, and accelerate the construction of northern headquarters base projects such as Zhongtong, Yuantong and Yunda, so as to drive the modern trade logistics industry to achieve new breakthroughs and strive to exceed 45 billion yuan in industrial added value." Wu Shengxiang, full-time deputy director of Langfang Commercial Logistics Office, said.

　　Coordinator: Zang Chunlei, Lu Zhongzheng

　　Cartography: Shen Yiling

　　Core reading

　　Health is the eternal pursuit of human beings. "Without the health of the whole people, there will be no overall well-off." Since the reform and opening up, China’s health and wellness undertakings have been accelerated, the medical and health service system has been continuously improved, the level of equalization of basic public health services has been steadily improved, and the overall strength of public health has reached a big step. The health level of Chinese residents has been continuously improved, and the main health indicators of residents are generally better than the average level of middle-and high-income countries.

　　76.7 years old

　　average life expectancy

　　The medical and health service system has been continuously improved, and medical and health resources have increased rapidly.

　　Internationally, the main indicators to measure the health level of a country’s residents are life expectancy per capita, infant mortality and maternal mortality.

　　China’s average life expectancy is constantly improving. He was 67.9 years old in 1981, 71.4 years old in 2000 and 76.7 years old in 2017. The infant mortality rate and maternal mortality rate decreased continuously, from 32.9&permil in 1990; And 88.9/100,000, down to 6.8&permil in 2017; And 19.6/100,000.

　　In 2014, China achieved the related indicators of maternal and child health in the United Nations Millennium Development Goals ahead of schedule. The Report on Success Factors of Maternal and Child Health published by the World Health Organization lists China as one of the 10 countries with high performance in maternal and child health, and promotes China’s experience to the world.

　　In May this year, the World Health Organization released World Health Statistics 2018 in Geneva. According to the data of 2016, China’s healthy life expectancy at birth surpassed that of the United States for the first time, with 68.7 years in China, higher than that of the United States. The global healthy life expectancy of infants at birth is 63.3 years.

　　Over the past 40 years, China’s medical and health service system has been continuously improved, medical and health resources have increased rapidly, and people’s access to services has improved significantly.

　　In terms of the number of medical staff, by the end of 2017, there were 3.39 million licensed (assistant) doctors and more than 3.8 million registered nurses in China, and the number of nurses per 1,000 population increased to 2.74, and the doctor-nurse ratio increased to 1∶1.1, which reversed the situation of the inverted doctor-nurse ratio.

　　Judging from the number of medical and health institutions, in 1978, the total number of medical and health institutions in China was 170,000; In 1990, it was 209,000; In 2000, it was 325,000; In 2017, it reached 987,000.

　　It is worth mentioning that private hospitals have developed rapidly. In 2017, there were 12,297 public hospitals in China, with 2.95 billion person-times, accounting for 85.8% of the total number of hospital visits; There are 18,759 private hospitals, with 490 million medical treatments, accounting for 14.2% of the total number of hospital treatments. By the end of 2017, among hospitals, public hospital beds accounted for 75.7% and private hospital beds accounted for 24.3%.

　　No.48

　　Global ranking of medical quality rises.

　　China has produced a number of superior medical technologies that have reached the international advanced level.

　　Not long ago, in the Reproductive Medicine Center of Peking University Third Hospital, medical staff celebrated the 30th birthday of Zheng Mengzhu, the first test-tube baby in mainland China. More than 30 years ago, Zheng Mengzhu was a cluster of tiny cells. Under the microscope, she first "met" Zhang Lizhu, a professor at the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University. Today, she has become an employee of the Reproductive Center of the Third Hospital of Beijing Medical University.

　　2018 is 40 years since the birth of the first test-tube baby in the world and 30 years since the birth of the first test-tube baby in mainland China. The medical quality and technical level in China have been significantly improved. At present, the clinical pregnancy rate of assisted reproductive technology in China is about 40%, and the delivery rate of live infants is 30%— 35%, nearly 300 hospitals across the country can carry out assisted reproductive technology, and the number of test-tube babies exceeds 200,000 times every year. China has become the world’s largest country in assisted reproductive technology treatment, and assisted reproductive technology has reached the world’s advanced level, reaching the world’s leading level in some fields.

　　In 2017, The Lancet, a world-renowned medical magazine, ranked 195 countries and regions in terms of medical quality and accessibility. The results showed that during the 25 years from 1990 to 2015, China was one of the countries with the greatest progress in medical quality, and the ranking of medical quality and accessibility index increased from 110th to 60th, ranking third in the world. The gap in the quality of medical services between regions in China has narrowed from 6.7 in 1990 to 1.2 in 2015, far below the global gap of 20.1.

　　In 2018, The Lancet released the global ranking of medical quality and accessibility again. China’s ranking of medical quality and accessibility has increased from 60th in the world in 2015 to 48th in 2016, making great progress again.

　　At present, China has produced a number of superior medical technologies that have reached or led the international advanced level and have a demonstration and driving role in the world, which has promoted the improvement of the ability to diagnose and treat major diseases. For example, the ventricular assist device independently developed by Fuwai Hospital of China Academy of Medical Sciences fills the technical gap in the field of ventricular assist research and development in China; The related research results of Renji Hospital of Shanghai Jiaotong University on gastrointestinal vascular diseases became the only basis for the relevant guidelines of the American Gastroenterology Association in 2015. In 2017, China completed more than 16,000 organ transplant operations, accounting for 12.3% of the total organ transplant in the world in 2017, ranking second in the world. Quality indicators such as the survival rate of transplant recipients are also among the highest in the world. Taking heart transplantation as an example, the survival rates of patients at 1 year, 3 years and 5 years after operation can reach 93%, 90% and 85% in some hospitals respectively, which are higher than the world average of 85%, 79% and 73%.

　　Over 1.3 billion

　　Number of participants in the three basic medical insurance systems

　　Investment in health care continued to grow, and serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents was fully promoted.

　　"I didn’t expect to get such a big illness, and I spent less than 10,000 yuan." Wang Nengbao is a poor household in Dawan Village, Huashi Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province. Gastric cancer was detected in October 2017. He went to the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University for surgery, and was hospitalized for 9 times. The medical expenses totaled 97,000 yuan, and the individual paid only 9,300 yuan.

　　Medical reform is a worldwide problem. As the largest developing country in the world, China faces more challenges than developed countries.

　　In April, 2009, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China the State Council issued the Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Medical and Health System, which marked the official launch of a new round of medical reform. In 2016, the World Health Organization, the World Bank and other institutions believed that China had made rapid progress in achieving universal health coverage, the accessibility of basic medical and health services was more balanced, and the reform achievements attracted worldwide attention.

　　Over the past 40 years, the proportion of medical and health expenditure in China has gradually increased. The proportion of medical and health expenditure in GDP was 3% in 1978, 3.2% in 1988, 4.3% in 1998, 4.5% in 2008 and 6.2% in 2017. With the continuous growth of government and society’s investment in medical and health care, the structure of China’s total health expenditure has been continuously optimized. Since 2001, the proportion of personal health expenditure in total health expenditure has been declining, from 60.0% in 2001 to 28.8% in 2017.

　　In 1998, China began to establish basic medical insurance for urban workers. In 2003, a new rural cooperative medical system was established. In 2007, the basic medical insurance system for urban residents was established.

　　The financing and security level of basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents has been greatly improved. In 2003, the per capita financing level of the new rural cooperative medical system was only in 30 yuan. In 2016, China integrated the medical insurance for urban residents with the new rural cooperative medical system. The per capita financial subsidy standard for basic medical insurance for urban and rural residents was 420 yuan, and it was raised to 450 yuan in 2017. At the end of 2003, the population participating in the new rural cooperative medical system was 80 million; In 2008, the new rural cooperative medical system achieved full coverage, and the coverage rate of three basic medical insurance systems, namely, basic medical insurance for urban workers, basic medical insurance for urban residents and new rural cooperative medical system, was 87%. In 2017, China has woven the world’s largest universal basic medical security network, with more than 1.3 billion people participating in the three basic medical insurance systems, and the participation rate is stable at over 95%.

　　In 2004, China established a national network direct reporting system for infectious diseases and public health emergencies, and the average reporting time of information was shortened from 5 days to 4 hours. At present, the infectious disease information reporting system covers nearly 71,000 medical institutions and has more than 160,000 users. A national, provincial, municipal and county-level laboratory testing network has been established, and laboratories such as influenza, polio, measles and Japanese encephalitis of China CDC have become reference laboratories of the World Health Organization. At present, China has the ability to detect more than 300 pathogens within 72 hours.

　　5.81 million

　　Poverty-stricken households returning to poverty due to illness realize poverty alleviation.

　　Health poverty alleviation "roots out the disease", and comprehensively implement the three-year attack on health poverty alleviation.

　　Echinococcosis is a parasitic disease with high incidence in western pastoral areas, and it is also one of the diseases with the heaviest economic burden for farmers and herdsmen. In Gemeng Township, shiqu county, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan Province, the Nize family of three had suffered from echinococcosis. Two years ago, his daughter was transferred to the state people’s hospital for free surgery, and he and his wife also received free medication. The whole family did not spend a penny on treatment. Now, their health has improved, and Nize can work in the fields again.

　　In order to make the poor people "see the disease, see the disease, and see the disease well", on the basis of approving the poverty caused by illness and returning to poverty due to illness in rural areas, China has made precise policies and classified treatments in accordance with the principles of centralized treatment of a batch of serious diseases, contract service management of a batch of chronic diseases, and protection of a batch of serious diseases, effectively reducing the number of people who are poor due to illness and returning to poverty due to illness, and making progress in health poverty alleviation. At present, 5.81 million poverty-stricken households in China have been lifted out of poverty due to illness, and the progress is basically synchronized with the overall progress of poverty-stricken households in the country.

　　In 2012, China began to pilot the serious illness insurance system for urban and rural residents. By the end of 2016, the serious illness insurance for urban and rural residents was fully promoted to achieve full coverage. At present, it has covered 1.05 billion urban and rural residents’ basic medical insurance participants.

　　Since 2016, China has implemented a tilted medical security policy for the poor, and the deductible line of the new rural cooperative medical insurance for serious illness has been reduced by 50%, and the proportion of reimbursement for hospitalization expenses within the policy has increased by more than 5 percentage points; Special medical security measures were taken for the poor. In 2017, the average out-of-pocket proportion of medical expenses for the poor nationwide was 16%, down by 27 percentage points from 2016.

　　For seriously ill patients, nine kinds of serious diseases, such as congenital heart disease and leukemia in children, have been selected as the first batch of special treatments for treating diseases, and 189,000 people have been treated so far; For patients with chronic diseases, priority has been given to the implementation of family doctor contract services to provide standardized management and health services for key chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes; For seriously ill patients, implement the government’s bottom-up safeguard measures. By the end of 2017, 8.04 million of the 8.49 million poor people who had been verified to be in need of treatment had been admitted to hospital or enjoyed contract services, covering nearly 95% of patients with serious diseases and chronic diseases.

　　In July this year, the National Health and Wellness Commission and the the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office announced that in the next three years, they will take unconventional measures to comprehensively implement the three-year attack on poverty alleviation through health, and resolutely do not let health problems become a "roadblock" for people to get rich and run a well-off life. China will focus on deep poverty-stricken areas and weak links in health care services, increase policy supply and input support, innovate systems and transformation mechanisms, combine prevention and control, and move forward the barriers to ensure that poor people enjoy basic medical and health services and prevent poverty due to illness and return to poverty due to illness.

　　CCTV News:Brushing a bill to a merchant is likely to fall into the trap of fraud, and as far as brushing itself is concerned, its behavior is also a serious violation of integrity. Some restaurants in online celebrity on the APP often get rave reviews. The reviewers not only have vivid written expressions, but also all kinds of beautiful photos of eating in restaurants. Are all these favorable comments true? Recently, the comprehensive administrative law enforcement team of market supervision in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province received a report that a company specially organized personnel to provide praise service for catering enterprises, so it conducted a surprise inspection in the whole city, and found that more than 100 restaurants in online celebrity all had the behavior of paying for praise.

　　At the beginning of May this year, according to the clues provided by the whistleblower, the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team found that 10 companies, including a brand management company in Hangzhou, were suspected of organizing others to brush praise for profit.

　　Xiao Zhu, the head of a brand management company in Hangzhou involved in the case, told the reporter the inside story.

　　Xiao Zhu, head of a brand management company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:He (the merchant) will put forward a demand, such as this store, or several of our stores need dozens or 100 reviews, and then we will recruit in many so-called big V groups in the circle.

　　The reporter found on this review APP that the businesses involved in the case are all in the top ranks among similar businesses, many of them are labeled as "online celebrity", and the comment area is full of beautiful pictures of literary models, which have all kinds of praises such as good taste, good service and fresh ingredients. So are these praises true?

　　Praise brush hand Xiao Xie:After a normal meal, whether it is good or bad, you should present the good side on the platform, that is, have a free meal and write a favorable comment to (the merchant).

　　In fact, many review apps have always had corresponding regulatory measures to prevent merchants from brushing praise, but companies that organize praise still have ways to evade platform supervision.

　　Xiao Zhu, head of a brand management company in Hangzhou, Zhejiang:To check in and punch in, to actually take photos in the store, and to buy consumption at the same time, in fact, it is to simulate a real consumption trajectory. Finally, while finishing the homework (praise), our company will return the consumption amount to him (brush hands).

　　The relevant person in charge of the Hangzhou Municipal Market Supervision Comprehensive Administrative Law Enforcement Team said that the actions of these companies are suspected of violating the second paragraph of Article 8 of the Anti-Unfair Competition Law: operators shall not help other operators to make false or misleading commercial propaganda by organizing false transactions.

　　Spending money to brush off praise is credit and "money way"

　　Before spending, many people will refer to comments left by others. The false praise and sales volume that these people spend money on have undoubtedly caused great misleading to consumers and destroyed the business ecology. What you earn by "brushing praise" is just "buying and selling with one hammer", and you can’t win repeat customers. In the long run, it is bound to be your own credit and "money way" that will eventually be "brushed off".

Special feature of 1905 film network

“With you, I feel relaxed and enjoyable

It’s fun to fall if you’re too happy.

I want to be a bird and a fish with you in my heart

Be in the vast sky"

— — With you

　

　The mobile phone randomly played this song "With You" by Danny Chan, and I saw the following comment: "On September 8, 2017, it seemed that the beauty of the flourishing age never left our sight. As soon as the music started, all kinds of emotions emerged in my heart. The Three Swordsmen in Central, all kinds of time have passed, and they are still teenagers when they return. I don’t want to see you only in my dream. I want to see you when you were young, as if you were sitting in front of me, and the glow sticks and movie tickets I owe you have a chance to make up. " The little emotions buried deep in my heart were suddenly excavated.

　

Comments of netizens on a music platform

The first time I heard this song, I watched it on CCTV6 movie channel. At first, I looked at Leslie Cheung with my mind. In the end, I was caught by this song of Danny Chan. "With You" is the theme song of the movie "Unemployed Students", starring Danny Chan, Leslie Cheung and Zhong Baoluo.

　

The film was released in Hong Kong on August 26th, 1981, and there was a wave of watching movies. On September 8 this year, the film will be released in the mainland after being restored. On the latest "restored version" poster, it is the best time for the three of them to freeze. The slogan on the poster, "Returning is still a teenager", is exactly this feeling.

　　

"Starting from scratch"

　

In the movie "Unemployed Students", Jiabao (played by Danny Chan) and Jiahui (played by Zhong Baoluo) are a pair of biological brothers with superior origins; Ah Rong (played by Leslie Cheung) was born poor and rebellious. The three are classmates’ friends at school, and they will face different choices after graduation. The film tells the story of these three friends who graduated and lost their jobs, and reached the same goal in this graduation season when their dreams and reality collided fiercely.

　

In the process of working with Arong, Jiabao met her angel, who was played by Jeff, a pure jade girl. Ah Rong’s girlfriend is Mei Bo Kwong, who played the glamorous ghost many times in the 1980s.

　

*Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan and Jeff.

　

No matter in or out of the play, Jeff seems to be in perfect harmony with Danny Chan in all aspects, but they are not affected by the play. At that time, Danny Chan preferred actress Weng Jingjing — — I had an affair with Leslie Cheung, and she was also a woman that Danny Chan had always loved. There are even rumors that Danny Chan’s later "I just like you" was written for her.

　

Danny Chan once said, "It’s difficult for me to find a girlfriend in Hongkong. There are many good girls in my circle, but none of them are in my mind. Like Jeff, she is very painful, but I feel more and more that it is not suitable for us to walk together. On the contrary, Weng Jingjing is very suitable for me. She is pure and pure, so sweet! "

　

"the fate of hope"

　

Back to reality, Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan and Zhong Baoluo were the lucky ones in Hong Kong entertainment circle at that time. As soon as I debuted, I was madly sought after by a group of "fans", and I was dubbed that the whole "Central" could not fit. As a result, the three were called "Three Swordsmen in Central" by the media.

　

　

In fact, before the movie "Unemployed Students", the three had co-produced a movie — — Cheers. This film was tailored for three people. At that time, Danny Chan was the most popular, and naturally he played the role of first hero. Leslie Cheung played Danny Chan’s opponent, the "villain" in the film, and only appeared in the whole film for more than ten minutes. Zhong Baoluo, a good friend, is a DJ in the play, just like in reality. And the heroine is Weng Jingjing who has been thinking about since Danny Chan.

　

　

There is no denying that Danny Chan is the most talented musician among the three. He once wrote theme songs for both films. In 1980, the album "Cheers" of the same name was released simultaneously, which sold amazingly and became the platinum record of that year in one fell swoop; The following year, the film "Unemployed Students" was released, and the theme song "With You" was even more popular in Hong Kong. Even the movie posters advertised that "Danny Chan is crazy in Hong Kong with You".

　

The movie poster plays "Danny Chan’s song" Crazy Hong Kong with You "as propaganda.

　

"get together"

　

After the two films, the careers of the three people are on the right track, and the relationship is closer. At the same time, they are constantly being tested by public opinion.

　

In 1982, Zhong Baoluo suffered a car accident while filming the TV series "Sweet 24 Flavors". His legs could not move, and his role was forced to be replaced by newcomer Mo Shaocong.

　

Since then, Leslie Cheung, another protagonist of the same drama, has been in a very bad mood. At that time, Leslie Cheung, Danny Chan, Wan Ziliang, wu wenxiong and other friends held two concerts in the college hall to raise money for his operation. Zhong Baoluo therefore applied to the hospital for attendance, thanking his friends.

During his illness in Zhong Baoluo, Leslie Cheung often visited each other during filming, and always encouraged him: "You! But if you survive, there will be people who will be blessed! As long as you recover, you will be more successful. " Later, Leslie Cheung became the object of Zhong Baoluo’s talk. They also worked together in movies (1982) and (1983).

　

In contrast, the feelings of Leslie Cheung and Danny Chan are more "dramatic". Both of them are Virgos, and their similar personalities made them close as soon as they debuted. At that time, people often saw the pair of friends entering and leaving the ballroom together.

　

　

Leslie Cheung and Danny Chan have always had a good relationship, and they have not been alienated because of the career gap. In 1979, Leslie Cheung released her first solo Cantonese album "Lover’s Arrow", but the market response was flat, even when she performed outdoors, she encountered embarrassing performance feedback. In the same year, Danny Chan released his first album, First Love, and one of them, Tears for You, became the "Top Ten Chinese Golden Songs" in Hong Kong.

　

It was not until 1983 that Leslie Cheung’s acting career was gradually recognized and became a "strength school" in the true sense. His song "The Wind Keep Blowing" was widely recognized. In the same year, he was nominated for the best actor in the second Golden Awards for his films. The following year, Leslie Cheung became popular in Cantonese with a song "Monica", which was also an episode of the film "Fate" starring Leslie Cheung, Anita Mui and Maggie Cheung.

However, in 1984, the relationship between the two became one of the biggest gossip in Hong Kong. At that time, as long as the media heard a little wind, they began to hype it up and made a fuss about it. In the whole incident, the worst thing is their mutual friend — — Directed by Gao Zhisen. At that time, Gao Zhisen invited them to star in their own film Merry Christmas, but they were so angry that they refused to appear in the same scene.

　

　

According to the news after Gao Zhisen, the two men were difficult because they went to the ballroom to play together. Everyone around them praised Danny Chan’s good skin and asked him if he was wearing makeup. Danny Chan confidently said that she didn’t wear makeup. As a result, Leslie Cheung directly picked up a paper towel, scratched Danny Chan’s face, and a powder mark appeared on the paper towel.

　

At this point, the two brothers entered a "cold war" state. But I think about it, the two brothers are really like children.

　

To the surprise of a group of "people who eat melons" waiting to watch the excitement, this "small awkwardness" did not last long, and the two soon made up. At Leslie Cheung’s solo concert in 1985, he covered Danny Chan’s song "Cheers" and said before singing, "If we are women, he is Lizhen Yu and I am Li Xiangqin. Let me, Li Xiangqin, sing this song and give it to Lizhen Yu." (Lizhen Yu and Li Xiangqin were famous loyal and treacherous partners in Cantonese Opera at that time. Lizhen Yu usually played a positive role, while Li Xiangqin played more villains. )

　

Halfway through the song, Danny Chan suddenly appeared on the stage, rushed forward to hug Leslie Cheung and shook his hand. Leslie Cheung said to Danny Chan, "I can sing two lines of your song in every capital, but this one is the most familiar. Can you sing with me?" Finally, the two sang the song together. Finally, when Danny Chan was ready to step down, Leslie Cheung specially told the lighting engineer to give him a light so as not to let him fall. The intimate interaction between the two directly broke the rumor of discord.

Next page: the peak and fall of the three men

Special feature of 1905 film network Blow it up!

　

After the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse, which will be released this Friday, was screened at the weekend, Douban scored 9.0, much higher than last month’s Disney animation.

Spider-Man has always been the darling of Marvel Comics, and the film has been remake for three times. In 2002, Tobey Vincent Maguire starred in the trilogy, then Andrew Garfield starred in two films, and now "Dutch brother" Tom Holland starred in the new version of Spider-Man.

　

Of course, in addition, Spider-Man has several versions of his own animated series. However, there has never been an animated feature film.

Nowadays, the appearance of this film is eye-catching.

　

The director uses different painting styles to highlight the setting of "parallel universe" in the film. When 2D animation, 3D animation, Japanese cartoon, black and white animation, romantic style … … Before they all got together, they showed the charm of animation so vividly. These painting styles are always in the process of collage and integration, which makes Xiao Dianjun sigh the magic of the animation world!

　

Even so, the film doesn’t feel too full at all. The director uses the unique style of American comics and adds a rhythmic soundtrack, just like watching a Marvel comic. If the movie is as simple as you think, then you are wrong — —It originated in Marvel Comics, but it is far away from Marvel Comics.

　

Spider-Man has always been one of the most talkative characters in the Marvel universe.

　

So, what if this time, six Spider-Man are put together in a movie?

Just like the subtitle "Parallel Universe", the film focuses on the concept of parallel universe, and "crams" six different versions of Spider-Man into one picture — — The protagonist is the little black spider, Leng Yan’s beautiful female Spider-Man (Gwen Stacy), Shadow Spider-Man, Penny Parker who drives a robot, and the cartoon character Spider Pig Man. Of course, there is peter parker, who is familiar to everyone.

　

In fact, the Spider-Man series was born in 1962, which was jointly created by screenwriter Stan Lee and painter Steve Ditko, and made its debut in the 15th issue of Fantasy.

By the way, although we can’t see the ending egg in honor of Stan Lee in China because of the time of trial. However, in the animation, he still participated in the "guest appearance", and the scenes that appeared and his lines happened to be the best memories of himself — — “we will Miss him”。

　

As we all know, Spider-Man, in reality, is a high school student in peter parker. He was bitten by a spider that had been infected by radiation, so he gained spider-like super power and made a spider web launcher.

　

In this animation, there are two peter parker.

　

Peter parker here, although still advertised as "the greater the ability, the greater the responsibility", is no longer a high school student, but an uncle who is nearly 40 years old.

Peter parker in this world died heroically in an action. However, it is also because after the villain turned on the time machine, another dimensional peter parker was transmitted to this world.

　

Another peter parker, an elder with brown hair and a big belly, loves all kinds of junk food and leads a very sad life all day, even his beloved Mary Jane has left him.

　

Generally speaking, this peter parker from another dimension is a middle-aged man who has failed and is greasy.

　

This time, in the animation, the most suitable identity for him is actually the life mentor of the little black spider.

Then, Xiao Dianjun will reveal the secrets of the "new" Spider-Man in the movie.

　

Little Black Spider (Miles Morales)

　

The central figure in the animated film Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

Miles is a 14-year-old high school student from Brooklyn, new york. He has always been an admirer of Spider-Man, but in an accident, he was bitten by the No.42 spider himself, resulting in physical variation and the ability of Spider-Man. At the same time, after he witnessed Peter’s sacrifice, he officially took over the mantle of the former.

In this movie, his battle suit simply appeared as a cos costume from the beginning, and finally he stepped on AJ basketball shoes and appeared in a black-and-white Starscream suit.

　

Many details of the original work are preserved in the animated film, such as the spider web launcher of the little black spider, which was made by peter parker and given to him through Aunt Mei.

Compared with Spider-Man, the little black spider has a deep evolution in its ability. He mastered the "spider camouflage" and showed it rudely in the movie.

At the same time, Myers can easily touch the enemy with both hands and paralyze the other side at close range.

　

This image was created by Bryan Michael Bandis, the comic book writer of Spider-Man series, and Sarah Pickery, the painter. He first appeared in the fourth issue of the comic book "The Ultimate Aftershock: Spider-Man No More" in 2011.

　

Subsequently, this little black spider became very popular and has always owned its own serial comics.

However, in May this year, the story of the little black spider was stopped because the screenwriter Bandis jumped ship to DC comics. Until December, Marvel Comics officially announced that the comic series of Little Black Spider resumed on December 12th.

　

In the cartoon, he is half African-American and half Mexican, and he is the second Spider-Man in Marvel Comics’s ultimate world. It seems that the future live-action movies belonging to the little black spider can be looked forward to.

　

Female Spider-Man (Gwen Stacy)

Those who are familiar with the Spider-Man series will naturally be familiar with Gwen, who is the ex-girlfriend of Peter in Spider-Man. Later, Spider-Man was killed by the green goblin in a fight with the green goblin.

　

"Stone Sister" Emma Stone once played this role in amazing spider-man.

However, in the parallel universe, the screenwriter is kind to her, and she appears as a female Spider-Man. In fact, she comes from the earth, which is almost no different from Peter’s universe. The biggest difference is that it is no longer Peter who is bitten by radioactive spiders, but Gwen.

　

In the cartoon, her boyfriend is no longer peter parker, but Miles Morales, our "little black spider". This point has been officially certified in the animated Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

This image debuted in the second issue of Spider Edge in 2014. After it appeared, it was also loved by comic fans, and soon it had its own one-line comic series. However, the good times did not last long, and this series ended in a hurry after being serialized for 34 issues.

　

At first, Gwen didn’t improve her decadent life after she gained the ability. However, in her universe, Peter’s death became a turning point in her life, which made her known as Spider-Man.

　

Shadow Spider-Man

This version of Spider-Man is relatively unfamiliar to the audience.

　

However, he is the most dangerous in the Spider-Man universe — —He advocates fighting violence with violence and punishing evil with killing.

　

He made his debut in Spider-Man: Shadow in 2009. He is more like an outsider who happened in other time and space.

In his design, at that time, the United States was experiencing the Great Depression, and the people at the bottom were filled with sorrow. However, the peter parker family (ben parker and Aunt Mei) were not crushed by the society. They often gave speeches in the streets to protest against the oppression of the government and capitalists and called on the common people to speak out for their freedom. It was also in this way that they became a thorn in new york’s side and a thorn in the flesh.

　

One day, Peter saw Uncle Ben’s entity in the warehouse and knew that the murderer was really a chaebol in new york. There is nothing I can do in the face of reality, and I will continue to speak with Mei Yi.

In the process of investigating the smuggling of cultural relics by the Green Devil Group, Peter hiding on the beam witnessed hundreds of spiders drilled out of antiques and killed the gang. At this time, a spider climbed up the beam and bit Peter severely. In a dream, he saw the god of spiders.

　

When he woke up, he found himself hanging on black sticky spider silk, and he had special abilities given by the god of spiders.

In the movie, a very interesting setting was made. He is color blind in the color world, and it also provides a lot of jokes for the follow-up of the film.

　

Penny Parker

She comes from Earth 14512, a 14-year-old Japanese girl driving a spider robot.

　

She first appeared in the fifth issue of Spider Edge in 2015. After her father died in the battlefield, she took over from her father and let the spider, who was half the computer host of Armor, bite herself — — Thus, the connection between himself and armor is shaped with special functions.

However, all her superpowers come from robots.

When the cartoonist set it, she was the female version of peter parker. Of course, she not only changed her image, but also set her country in Japan. Therefore, when the animation shows her, it also deliberately uses the Japanese comic style to highlight the Kawaii of Little Loli as much as possible ~

　

Spider pig man

Comic characters, in fact, there are often many parody funny characters, that is, simply selling cute and funny. For example, the above-mentioned Spider Pig Man.

Don’t think that Xiao Dianjun wrote a typo ~ This is Marvel Comics, so this image was designed to launch a more children-oriented comic.

The Spider Pig Man comes from the earth TRN461. It was originally a humanoid spider. Mei is a scientist who experimented with a hair dryer powered by atomic energy.

Mei, who was constantly tortured by experiments, became particularly grumpy. Bite Peter in a rage, and the whole body is full of radiation plum, which makes this "humanoid spider" become a "pig-nosed humanoid spider", and he still has his own spider ability.

　

Do you think that’s all Spider-Man has? Of course not. Xiao Dianjun will introduce you to five more. Maybe they will appear in the sequel of Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse.

　

Spiderbabe

In Marvel comics, there have been three generations of Spider Women. The first generation of Spider-Man first appeared in 1977, and it is now recognized — — Jessica drew. Her experience is more like a winter soldier. She was brainwashed to work for Hydra.

　

After getting rid of hydra, he officially acted as a spider woman. In the Civil War, she sided with Captain America against the conservative Iron Man.

　

Spider girl

From Earth 982, she is the daughter of Peter and Mary Jane. In memory of Aunt Mei, she was named May Mayday Parker.

　

After being seen by his father during a rescue, he decided to pass Spider-Man’s position to her.

　

Granny spider

She comes from Earth 3123, which was changed after Aunt Mei was bitten by a spider.

　

Ji Ji Spider-Man

In fact, his real identity is doctor octopus.

　

In order to cheat death, he exchanged spirits with Spider-Man peter parker. This transformation not only gave Otto Okta Weiss Spider-Man the ability, but also made him appreciate the responsibility of Spider-Man and become a hero.

　

Scarlet spider

He is a clone of peter parker. His first name is taken from his uncle’s name, and his last name is Aunt Mei’s last name before she got married — — Ben Riley. When he was born, he didn’t know he was a clone, but he thought Parker was the clone.

Later, in several battles, I slowly discovered the value of myself.

So, which edition of Spider-Man do you pick?